US20140216710A1 - Method For Operating A Liquid-To-Air Heat Exchanger Device - Google Patents

Method For Operating A Liquid-To-Air Heat Exchanger Device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140216710A1
US20140216710A1 US14/342,363 US201214342363A US2014216710A1 US 20140216710 A1 US20140216710 A1 US 20140216710A1 US 201214342363 A US201214342363 A US 201214342363A US 2014216710 A1 US2014216710 A1 US 2014216710A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
air
liquid
exchanger stage
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/342,363
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English (en)
Inventor
Alexandr Sologubenko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mentus Holding AG
Original Assignee
Mentus Holding AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to MENTUS HOLDING AG reassignment MENTUS HOLDING AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SOLOGUBENKO, ALEXANDR
Publication of US20140216710A1 publication Critical patent/US20140216710A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
    • F24F2013/221—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate to avoid the formation of condensate, e.g. dew
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
    • F24F13/222—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate for evacuating condensate
    • F24F2013/225—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate for evacuating condensate by evaporating the condensate in the cooling medium, e.g. in air flow from the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/20—Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/04—Preventing the formation of frost or condensate

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method for operating a liquid-to-air heat exchanger device.
  • the method is suitable for operating a liquid-to-air heat exchanger device which comprises a passive heat exchanger stage in which the air is guided through a first flow channel extending in the vertical direction and the liquid is guided through a second flow channel, wherein the two flow channels in this stage are separated by a thermally passive separating wall.
  • thermally passive means that the exchange of heat occurs without performing any work.
  • the flow channels contain a plurality of plate fins which are in good thermal connection with the thermally passive separating wall. The distances between the plate fins in the flow channel for the air are relatively small in relation to the size of their surface so that the heat exchange is efficient.
  • the air has a relatively high atmospheric humidity it may occur especially on hot summer days that the dew point temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the liquid. This leads to the consequence that humidity contained in the air will deposit as condensate on the plate fins. Since the overall size of the heat exchanger device is usually subject to narrow limits, it is difficult to form the plate fins in such a way that the produced water will drop and drain off completely, especially in the case of vertical guidance of the air flow. This leads to the consequence that the water will increasingly block the intermediate spaces between the plate fins and will effectively prevent further effective cooling of the air as a result of the thereof arising air resistance.
  • a central heating system with at least one radiator which can also be used for cooling.
  • heat is withdrawn from the liquid circulating through the radiator by means of a heat exchanger.
  • the extracted heat is supplied to a heat storage unit by means of a second heat exchanger.
  • the two heat exchangers are part of a compressor-operated heat pump.
  • the dew point of the air is determined by measurement of temperature and humidity in the ambient environment of the radiator and when the determined dew point temperature moves towards the temperature of the radiator the cooling output is reduced.
  • the invention is based on the object of remedying the aforementioned problem.
  • the invention relates to the operation of a liquid-to-air heat exchanger device, which comprises a first flow channel for the air and a second floor channel for the liquid.
  • the heat exchanger device contains a first passive heat exchanger stage in which the first flow channel and the second flow channel are separated by a thermally passive separating wall, and optionally a second heat exchanger stage in which the air is actively cooled or heated, i.e. by pumping of heat from one side to the other.
  • the thermally passive separating wall consists of a material that conducts heat very well.
  • a matching condensate drainage system is advantageously built into the second heat exchanger stage.
  • the first and second flow channel can each also be a plurality of flow channels extending in parallel.
  • the flow channel or channels for the air contain(s) plate fins.
  • the invention proposes a method in order to achieve the aforementioned object.
  • the method comprises two parts, namely a first part in which it is determined whether the dew point temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the liquid. This occurs by the following steps:
  • Determination of the dew point temperature of the ambient air i.e. the dew point temperature of the air before it enters the first heat exchanger stage
  • the dew point temperature of the air can be determined by the following for example:
  • the determination of the dew point temperature of the air from the measured temperature T and the measured humidity of the air can occur for example by means of a Mollier diagram.
  • the dew point temperature, designated as T p1 can alternatively be determined by calculation by means of the equation
  • T pl 241.2 * ln ⁇ ( phi 100 ) + 4222.03716 * T 241.2 + T 17.5043 - ln ⁇ ( phi 100 ) - 17.5043 * T 241.2 + T
  • h-x diagram of the air h designates enthalpy
  • x designates absolute humidity
  • two other quantities of the h-x diagram of the air e.g. two from the dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, specific enthalpy and density of the air, and therefrom the dew point temperature of the air.
  • the second part of the method is performed, which consists of operating the heat exchanger device in an operating mode designated as pulsed operation.
  • the pulsed operation comprises the following steps which are continuously repeated in the same sequence:
  • the condition whether the dew point temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the liquid is checked periodically or aperiodically in pulsed operation in that the first part of the method is carried out.
  • a phase of the removal of condensate by evaporation periodically follows an accumulation phase, while cooling of the air continues in an uninterrupted fashion.
  • the pulsed operation allows a temporary accumulation of water between the plate fins, it still prevents blockage of the plate fins by condensate which would lead to blocking of the air flow, reduces the time of switching off the water flow to a minimum and thus increases the efficiency of the heat exchanger device.
  • the heat exchanger device is equipped with the temperature and humidity sensors necessary for this purpose.
  • the step of preventing that the liquid flows through the first heat exchanger stage further ensures according to a first variant that the liquid will also not flow through the second heat exchanger stage and that the second heat exchanger stage is deactivated, or the step of preventing that the liquid flows through the first heat exchanger stage ensures according to a second variant that the liquid is guided past the first heat exchanger stage (bypass), so that it can still flow through the second heat exchanger stage.
  • FIGS. 1 , 2 schematically show a side view or top view of the parts of a liquid-to-air heat exchanger device necessary for understanding the invention, which heat exchanger device is set up for operation according to the method in accordance with the invention, and
  • FIG. 3 shows three diagrams for illustrating the method in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically show a side and top view of the parts of a liquid-to-air heat exchanger device 1 necessary for the understanding of the invention, which heat exchanger device comprises a first passive heat exchanger stage 2 and optionally a downstream active heat exchanger stage 3 .
  • the first heat exchanger stage 2 comprises at least one flow channel 4 (preferably several thereof) for the air and at least one flow channel 5 (preferably several thereof) for the liquid.
  • the flow channels 4 for the air and the flow channels 5 for the liquid are arranged in alternating succession and are separated by thermally passive separating walls which conduct heat well.
  • the flow channels 4 for the air contain a plurality of plate fins 6 which are in good thermal connection with the thermally passive separating walls. The distances between the plate fins 6 are small, so that heat exchange between the air and the liquid is efficient.
  • the flow channels 4 for the air extend in the vertical direction in this example.
  • the optional second active heat exchanger stage 3 can be formed in different ways. It can contain a cooling circuit with a compressor for example, in which a cooling liquid circulates, wherein the air exchanges heat with the cooling circuit.
  • the second heat exchanger stage 3 is formed in such a way that heat can be exchanged between the liquid and the air by supplying electrical energy, i.e. by means of at least one Peltier element 10 .
  • the second heat exchanger stage 3 contains at least one flow channel 7 for the air, at least one flow channel 8 for the liquid, and the at least one interposed Peltier element 10 which pumps heat from the liquid to the air when the air is to be heated and which pumps heat from the air to the liquid when the air is to be cooled.
  • the liquid is not subjected to any change in the aggregate state in this example.
  • the air flows between plate fins 9 which are arranged in parallel and which are in good thermal contact with the at least one Peltier element 10 .
  • the heat exchanger device 1 further comprises a valve 11 and optionally a bypass line 12 whose purpose will be described below in closer detail.
  • thermoelectric element or the term “Peltier heat pump”as a synonym for the term “Peltier element”.
  • the thermoelectric elements are especially based on the Peltier effect, but they can also be based on another thermoelectric effect such as the principle known as thermo tunnelling.
  • the heat exchanger device 1 comprises an inlet 13 and an outlet 14 which can be connected to an external liquid circuit.
  • the liquid circulating in the liquid circuit is heated or cooled by an external central device to a predetermined temperature.
  • the liquid that is used is usually water or a liquid on water basis, but it is possible to use any other suitable liquid.
  • the flow channels 4 for the air extend in the vertical direction.
  • the flow channels for the liquid are designed as a line system which connects the inlet 13 and the outlet 14 to each other.
  • the heat exchanger device 1 further contains a fan and the necessary baffle plates and guide elements for the forced guidance of the air through the first heat exchanger stage 2 and the second heat exchanger stage 3 (if present), and a drain 15 for the condensate accumulating in the second heat exchanger stage 3 .
  • the direction of flow of the liquid is shown by arrows 16 and the direction of flow of the air is indicated by arrows 17 .
  • the heat exchanger device 1 further comprises the sensors which are necessary for operation in accordance with the invention, which are at least one temperature sensor 18 for the measurement of the temperature and a humidity sensor 19 for measuring the humidity of the air, which are arranged before the first heat exchanger stage 2 , a temperature sensor 24 measuring the temperature of the air which is arranged after the first heat exchanger stage 2 , and a control device 21 .
  • the temperature of the liquid is either measured by means of a temperature sensor 22 which is arranged at the inlet for example or is transferred from an external central device to the control device 21 .
  • the control device 21 evaluates the data transmitted by the sensors and controls both the flow rate of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2 and also the at least one Peltier element 10 .
  • FIG. 3 shows three diagrams arranged one above the other, which illustrate the following features of the method in accordance with the invention in function of time t on the basis of an example.
  • the middle diagram shows the flow rate of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2 .
  • the flow rate of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2 is permitted for a predetermined period of time T 1 and is then interrupted, wherein the interruption in the flow of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2 occurs either by closing the valve 11 or, if there is a bypass line 12 , by changing over the valve 11 , so that the liquid flows through the bypass line 12 and is therefore guided past the first heat exchanger stage 2 .
  • the bottom diagram shows the current flowing through the at least one Peltier element 10 in the case that the interruption of the flow of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage also produces the interruption of the flow of the liquid through the second heat exchanger stage 3 .
  • the current flowing through the at least one Peltier element 10 is deactivated either simultaneously or with a time delay whenever the flow of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2 is interrupted, so that the at least one Peltier element 10 will not overheat. In the other case that the flow of the liquid through the second heat exchanger stage 3 is not interrupted, the at least one Peltier element 10 is not deactivated.
  • the upper diagram shows the progression of the temperature of the air after exiting the first heat exchanger stage 2 , i.e. the progression of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 20 .
  • the illustration clearly shows a first temperature increase 23 (in the example from 18° C. to approximately 22° C.), an approximately constant level 24 and a second temperature increase 25 (in the example from approximately 22° C. to approximately 27° C.).
  • Phase A The flow of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2 is not interrupted.
  • the air is cooled, in the example to approximately 18° C. Water gradually condensates between the plate fins 6 , which increasingly increases the flow resistance of the air.
  • Phasen B to D The flow of the liquid through the first heat exchanger stage 2 is interrupted.
  • Phase B The temperature of the air increases to the approximately constant level 24 .
  • Phase C The temperature of the air remains at the level 24 , since the water accumulated between the plate fins 6 evaporates and cools the air adiabatically in this process.
  • Phase D The temperature of the air increases further once the water has evaporated between the plate fins 6 .
  • FIG. 3 shows the pulsed operation very clearly. Since the duration of the individual cycles (a cycle comprises a sequence of the phases A-D) typically lies in the range of a few minutes or a few 10 minutes and the dew point temperature of the air usually only changes slowly, the dew point temperature only needs to be measured occasionally during the pulsed operation, e.g. once per half hour or hour, or also in other intervals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
US14/342,363 2011-08-31 2012-08-23 Method For Operating A Liquid-To-Air Heat Exchanger Device Abandoned US20140216710A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1423/11 2011-08-31
CH01423/11A CH705453B1 (de) 2011-08-31 2011-08-31 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Flüssigkeit-Luft-Wärmeaustauschgeräts.
PCT/EP2012/066409 WO2013030080A2 (de) 2011-08-31 2012-08-23 Verfahren zum betrieb eines flüssigkeit-luft wärmeaustauschgeräts

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140216710A1 true US20140216710A1 (en) 2014-08-07

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US14/342,363 Abandoned US20140216710A1 (en) 2011-08-31 2012-08-23 Method For Operating A Liquid-To-Air Heat Exchanger Device

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20140216710A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2751494B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2014529054A (de)
KR (1) KR20140059215A (de)
CN (1) CN103765121B (de)
BR (1) BR112014004693A2 (de)
CH (1) CH705453B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2565815T3 (de)
RU (1) RU2014112116A (de)
WO (1) WO2013030080A2 (de)

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FR3026349A1 (fr) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-01 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Echangeur de chaleur d'un dispositif de climatisation et de chauffage en particulier d'un vehicule automobile
WO2024030555A1 (en) * 2022-08-03 2024-02-08 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Drift detection apparatus, system, and method

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CN111939421A (zh) * 2020-07-24 2020-11-17 天津怡和嘉业医疗科技有限公司 通气治疗设备
CN114383285B (zh) * 2021-12-06 2023-10-20 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 用于空调控制的方法、装置、空调及存储介质

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US8301335B2 (en) * 2008-05-28 2012-10-30 Chrysler Group Llc Efficient AC operation using dew-point temperature
US20100236772A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-23 Vette Corp. Modular scalable coolant distribution unit
US20120220026A1 (en) * 2009-10-23 2012-08-30 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Gas temperature/humidity regulation method and gas supply device
US20110259573A1 (en) * 2010-04-26 2011-10-27 Gac Corporation Cooling system
US7905096B1 (en) * 2010-05-26 2011-03-15 International Business Machines Corporation Dehumidifying and re-humidifying air cooling for an electronics rack
US20120090808A1 (en) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-19 Alcatel-Lucent Usa, Incorporated Liquid cooling of remote or off-grid electronic enclosures
US20130091881A1 (en) * 2011-10-18 2013-04-18 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Cooling system and method for controlling cooling system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3026349A1 (fr) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-01 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Echangeur de chaleur d'un dispositif de climatisation et de chauffage en particulier d'un vehicule automobile
EP3002540A1 (de) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-06 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Wärmetauscher einer klima- und heizanlage insbesondere in einem kraftfahrzeug
WO2024030555A1 (en) * 2022-08-03 2024-02-08 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Drift detection apparatus, system, and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103765121B (zh) 2016-07-06
CH705453A1 (de) 2013-03-15
CN103765121A (zh) 2014-04-30
ES2565815T3 (es) 2016-04-07
WO2013030080A2 (de) 2013-03-07
EP2751494A2 (de) 2014-07-09
RU2014112116A (ru) 2015-10-10
BR112014004693A2 (pt) 2017-03-28
EP2751494B1 (de) 2015-12-30
KR20140059215A (ko) 2014-05-15
JP2014529054A (ja) 2014-10-30
CH705453B1 (de) 2015-06-30
WO2013030080A3 (de) 2013-06-06

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