EP3379158B1 - Verfahren für den betrieb eines wärmepumpensystems - Google Patents

Verfahren für den betrieb eines wärmepumpensystems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3379158B1
EP3379158B1 EP17162847.2A EP17162847A EP3379158B1 EP 3379158 B1 EP3379158 B1 EP 3379158B1 EP 17162847 A EP17162847 A EP 17162847A EP 3379158 B1 EP3379158 B1 EP 3379158B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
medium
temperature
heat
heat pump
mover
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EP17162847.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3379158A1 (de
Inventor
Hiroshi Maitani
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Netherlands
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Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Great Britain
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Netherlands
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Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Great Britain, Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Netherlands filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Great Britain
Priority to EP17162847.2A priority Critical patent/EP3379158B1/de
Priority to CN201810220390.1A priority patent/CN108626924B/zh
Publication of EP3379158A1 publication Critical patent/EP3379158A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/76—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by means responsive to temperature, e.g. bimetal springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a heat pump system wherein an operation of a heat pump is controlled taking into account an operation state of a medium mover as for example a fan.
  • the operation state of the medium mover is determined based on a measurement of a thermodynamic quantity.
  • the capacity control of a heating/cooling emitter and the control of a heat source are separated.
  • the state of operation of the emitter is therefore usually unknown to the heat source or the heat pump supplying heat to the emitter.
  • a fan coil unit as an example of an emitter, such unit has two thermostats wherein one is an air temperature thermostat measuring a room temperature and the other is a water temperature thermostat or more general a heat transport medium temperature thermostat to prevent providing cold air for heating and hot air for cooling.
  • the heat pump system usually has a room temperature sensor which is at some distance from the emitter and which is read out by a controller of the heat pump system.
  • the air temperature thermostat works in order to start the fan when the air temperature goes down to a lower threshold and to stop the fan when the air temperature goes up to a higher threshold in a case of a heating operation and the other way round in a cooling operation.
  • the water temperature thermostat (the heat transport medium temperature thermostat) works in order to start the fan when the water flow temperature or heat transport medium flow temperature goes up higher than a threshold in case of heating and goes down lower than a threshold in case of cooling.
  • the heat transfer efficiency of a fan coil unit that is the efficiency of the transfer of heat between the heat transport medium and the space to be heated or cooled, is very low when the fan is stopped. This causes an increase of power consumption of the heat pump.
  • the energy efficiency of the heat pump is higher at lower temperatures of the water flow temperature or the heat transport medium flow temperature in case of heating, and at higher temperatures in case of cooling.
  • the water flow temperature or the heat transport medium flow temperature has to be raised to supply the same supplied heat in case of heating and lowered to remove the same removed heat in case of cooling. This causes a lower energy efficiency of the heat pump.
  • the air temperature thermostat of the fan coil unit detects that the room temperature rises or drops to a target value earlier than the room thermostat read out by the controller of the heat pump because it detects the air temperature closer to the fan coil unit. Therefore, e. g. in the case of heating, when the air temperature thermostat of the fan coil unit detects that the room temperature rises to the target value, the room temperature detected by the thermostat of the heat pump (which is read out by the controller) is still lower than the threshold to stop the heat pump. Similarly, in the case of operation of cooling the room, the room temperature detected by the thermostat of the heat pump would still be higher than the threshold to stop the heat pump.
  • Figure 2 shows the general behaviour of a heat pump system being controlled conventionally.
  • Figure 2 in the first diagram shows the room temperature over time
  • in the second diagram the flow temperature of the heat transport medium over time
  • in the third diagram the fan operation over time and in the lowest diagram the heat pump operation over time.
  • an upper threshold and a lower threshold for the operation of the fan are indicated as dashed lines.
  • a target room temperature is indicated as dashed line between the upper and the lower threshold of the fan operation.
  • Vertical dashed lines indicate corresponding points in time in the first, second and third diagram.
  • the water flow temperature to supply sufficient heat to keep the room temperature is changed by the ambient temperature and the target room temperature.
  • the target flow temperature can be lower.
  • US 2011/0054701 A1 describes an energy saving system for a climate control system including zone controllers which poll temperature difference of each heat exchanger downstream of the thermal station.
  • JP 5 741 256 B2 describes a storage type water heater that can suppress an energy loss that is caused in the transition from a reheating operation using a heat pump to a hot water storage operation.
  • US 2009/0020281 A1 describes a code generation system for supplying electric power generated by an electric power generator to power load in a household.
  • Fig. 3 shows the conventional operation behaviour of the general water temperature thermostat in conventional control methods.
  • the upper-most diagram of Fig. 3 shows the room temperature over time
  • the middle diagram of Fig. 3 shows the supplied flow temperature of the heat transport medium over time
  • the lower most diagram shows the fan operation over time.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a heat pump system.
  • the heat pump system can be used for heating a medium or for cooling a medium.
  • the inventive idea applies to both cases, however, the description shall be made separately here.
  • the heat pump system operated in the method according to the invention comprises a heat pump and a heat emitter.
  • the heat emitter comprises a heat exchanger which is configured to exchange heat between a heat transport medium and the medium to be heated.
  • the heat emitter further comprises at least one medium mover for effecting a flow of the medium over the heat exchanger.
  • the medium mover may for example be a fan or an array of fans. However, also other suitable means for effecting said flow of the medium to be heated or cooled over the heat exchanger can be employed.
  • the heat transport medium may for example be water and the medium to be heated or cooled may for example be air in a room to be heated or cooled.
  • the temperature of the medium to be heated or cooled may for example be a room temperature. If reference is made to a medium the medium to be heated or cooled is meant. If reference is made to the heat transport medium, the medium flowing between the heat pump and the heat emitter is meant.
  • the heat pump and the heat emitter are controlled separately.
  • the operation of the medium mover is usually stopped when the temperature of the medium to be heated as measured by a thermostat at the emitter reaches an upper threshold which here shall be referred to as upper medium mover threshold.
  • the operation of the medium mover is usually started when the temperature of the medium to be heated as measured at the emitter reaches a lower threshold which shall be referred to as lower medium mover threshold here.
  • the temperature of the medium based on which the medium mover is stopped or started is measured by a thermostat which is mounted at the heat emitter.
  • the heat pump is controlled to raise the temperature of the heat transport medium if the temperature of the medium to be heated is below a target medium temperature.
  • the temperature based on which the heat pump is controlled is measured by a different thermostat than the temperature based on which the medium mover is stopped or started.
  • the thermostat used to measure the temperature of the medium to be heated, based on which the heat pump is controlled has a greater distance from the heat emitter than the thermostat with which the temperature is controlled based on which the medium mover is stopped or started.
  • thermodynamic quantity measuring step At least one thermodynamic quantity is measured in the heat pump system in a step, which is here referred to as thermodynamic quantity measuring step.
  • the thermodynamic quantity includes at least one of a measured temperature of the medium to be heated, which is preferably measured by the thermostat used to control the heat pump, and/or a measured return flow temperature of the heat transport medium and/or a measured supplied heat.
  • the at least one measured temperature of the medium to be heated is preferably measured by the temperature sensor based on which the heat pump is controlled.
  • This temperature may for example be the room temperature of a room to be heated.
  • a return flow temperature of the heat transport medium is usually the temperature which the heat transport medium has after flowing out of the heat emitter.
  • the measured supplied heat is usually for example the amount of heat which is exchanged in the heat emitter in a certain amount of time.
  • the method for operating a heat pump system comprises a determining step in which it is determined based on the thermodynamic quantity measured in the thermodynamic quantity measuring step whether the medium mover is operating.
  • the heat pump is controlled to stop rising the temperature of the heat transport medium when it is determined in said determining step that the medium mover is not operating. This will allow the temperature of the medium to be heated to reach the lower medium mover threshold so that the medium mover is started. It is ensured that the heat pump system does not permanently operate in the above described inefficient state where the heat pump raises the temperature of the heat transport medium while the medium mover is stopped. The efficiency of the heat pump system is therefore increased compared to the prior art.
  • the measurements of the thermodynamic quantity obtained in the thermodynamic quantity measuring step can be used to determine a change rate per time of the thermodynamic quantity. It can then be determined in the determining step that the medium mover is stopped if the thermodynamic quantity drops at a change rate per time which is lower than a first change rate threshold or raises at a change rate per time which is higher than a first change rate threshold.
  • This embodiment is based on the insight that e. g. the room temperature drops and the supplied heat decreases quickly when the fan stops and that e. g. the return flow temperature raises quickly if the fan stops.
  • the change rate per time of the thermodynamic quantity can be determined based on the results of the thermodynamic quantity measuring step. It can then be determined in said determining step that the medium mover is operating if the thermodynamic quantity raises at a change rate per time which is higher than a second change rate threshold or drops at a change rate per time which is lower than a second change rate threshold.
  • This embodiment uses the insight that the room temperature raises and the supplied heat increases quickly when the medium mover is operating, while the return flow temperature drops quickly if the medium mover is operating.
  • the temperature of the heat transport medium can be measured and the medium mover is controlled not to operate when a temperature of the heat transport medium is below a transport medium threshold. This step ensures that when the medium mover operates the heat transport medium has a sufficient temperature to in fact cause the room to be heated. As long as the temperature of the heat transport medium is too low the medium mover should preferably not be operated.
  • the heat pump may be stopped when it is detected that the medium mover is not operating.
  • the heat pump may be started when the temperature of the medium to be heated, that is for example the room temperature, reaches a lower threshold which shall be referred to as lower heat pump threshold here. This avoids a situation where the heat pump is operating although the medium mover is not operating while the room temperature is sufficiently high.
  • the heat pump may be controlled to lower the temperature of the heat transport medium if the temperature of the medium to be heated is above the target medium temperature. This further improves the efficiency of the heat pump system because the amount of heat supplied by the heat pump is reduced if the temperature of the medium to be heated is already above the target medium temperature.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for operating a heat pump system for cooling a medium.
  • this medium shall be addressed also as medium to be cooled.
  • the heat pump system comprises a heat pump and an emitter which is here also addressed as cooling emitter.
  • the cooling emitter may be technically the same as a heat emitter, however acting as a heat sink for the surrounding medium to be cooled.
  • the cooling emitter comprises a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the heat transport medium and the medium to be cooled.
  • the heat transport medium may flow between the heat pump and the cooling emitter, preferably in a closed circuit.
  • the cooling emitter according to the invention further comprises at least one medium mover for effecting a flow of the medium to be cooled over the heat exchanger. Anything said above with respect to the structure of the heat emitter, the heat transport medium and the heat pump is also valid here with respect to the method for cooling a medium.
  • Common heat pump systems are controlled so that the operation of the medium mover is stopped when the temperature of the medium to be cooled as measured by a thermostat of the emitter reaches a lower medium mover threshold.
  • the operation of the medium mover is started when the temperature of the medium to be cooled as measured by a thermostat of the emitter reaches an upper medium mover threshold.
  • the heat pump is controlled to lower the temperature of the heat transport medium if the temperature of the medium to be cooled is above the target medium temperature.
  • thermodynamic quantity is measured in the heat pump system in a thermodynamic quantity measuring step.
  • the thermodynamic quantity may be a measured temperature of the medium to be cooled, preferably measured with a thermostat having a greater distance from the emitter than the thermostat of the emitter, and/or a measured return flow temperature of the heat transport medium and/or a measured removed heat.
  • thermodynamic quantity Based on the measured thermodynamic quantity it can then be determined in a determining step whether the medium mover is operating or not.
  • the heat pump according to the invention is controlled to stop lowering the temperature of the heat transport medium when it is determined in the determining step that the medium mover is not operating. Similarly as in the case of heating this allows the temperature of the medium to be cooled to reach the upper medium mover threshold so that the medium mover is started. It is therefore avoided that the medium to be cooled is kept below the upper medium mover threshold by excessive operation of the heat pump without the medium mover operating. The efficiency of the heat pump system is therefore increased.
  • the change rate per time of the thermodynamic quantity may be determined based on the results of the thermodynamic quantity measuring step and it may be determined in the determining step that the medium mover is stopped if the thermodynamic quantity raises at a change rate per time which is higher than a first change rate threshold or drops at a change rate per time which is lower than a first change rate threshold. Whether a raising or dropping of the thermodynamic quantity is regarded here as in the case of heating depends on the thermodynamic quantity. The temperature of the medium to be cooled will raise if the medium mover is stopped. On the other hand the measured return flow temperature will drop and the measured removed heat will decrease if the medium mover is not operating.
  • a change rate per time of the thermodynamic quantity measured in the thermodynamic quantity measuring step can be determined and it can be determined in the determining step that the medium mover is operating if the thermodynamic quantity drops at a change rate per time which is lower than a second change rate threshold or raises at a change rate per time which is higher than a second change rate threshold. Again, it depends on the chosen thermodynamic quantity whether it drops or raises when the medium mover is operating. The temperature of the medium to be cooled will drop when the medium mover is operating. On the other hand the measured return flow temperature of the heat transport medium will raise and the measured removed heat will increase if the medium mover is operating.
  • the temperature of the heat transport medium can be measured and the medium mover does not operate when the temperature of the heat transport medium is above or equal a transport medium threshold. This ensures that the medium mover only operates when the temperature of the heat transport medium is sufficiently low to in fact effect a cooling on the medium to be cooled.
  • the heat pump may be stopped when it is detected that the medium mover is not operating and the heat pump may be started when the temperature of the medium to be cooled reaches an upper heat pump threshold.
  • the heat pump may be controlled to raise the temperature of the heat transport medium if the temperature of the medium to be cooled is below the target medium temperature. This further improves the efficiency of the heat pump system because the amount of heat removed by the heat pump is reduced if the temperature of the medium to be cooled is already below the target medium temperature.
  • thermodynamic quantity measuring step is repeatedly carried out in predetermined time intervals. This allows a continuous operation of the heat pump system at optimized efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of a heat pump system, which is suitable for heating or cooling a medium as for example the air in a room.
  • the heat pump system shown in Fig. 1 comprises a heat pump 1 and three heat emitters 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • the heat emitters 2a, 2b, 2c are in this example fan coil units comprising a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a heat transport medium and the medium to be heated or cooled.
  • the heat emitters 2a, 2b, 2c are here always addressed as heat emitters regardless whether they transfer heat from the heat transport medium to the medium or from the medium to the heat transport medium.
  • the heat emitters 2a, 2b, 2c furthermore each comprise at least one medium mover, as for example a fan, for effecting a flow of the medium over the heat exchanger.
  • the fan coil units 2a, 2b, 2c each have an air temperature thermostat 3a, 3b, 3c and a water temperature thermostat.
  • a room temperature sensor or room temperature thermostat 4 which is located at a greater distance to the heat exchangers of the fan coil units 2a, 2b, 2c than the temperature sensors 3a, 3b, 3c, measures the room temperature, that is the temperature of the medium to be heated or cooled.
  • the heat pump 1 and the fan coil units 2a, 2b, 2c are connected with each other by a heat transport medium circuit 5 which may for example be a water circuit 5.
  • the heat pump 1 comprises an evaporator 6 and a condenser 7 in the case of heating or a condenser 6 and an evaporator 7 in the case of cooling.
  • a compressor 9 is arranged between the evaporator 6, 7 and condenser 7, 6 and an expansion valve 8 is arranged between the evaporator 6, 7 and the condenser 7, 6 on the opposite side.
  • the expansion valve 8, the evaporator 6, 7, the compressor 9, and the condenser 7, 6 are arranged together in a refrigerant circuit 10.
  • the condenser or evaporator 7 comprises a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant circuit 10 and the heat transport medium circuit 5.
  • the heat transport medium e. g.
  • the flow of the heat transport medium is effected by a circulation pump 11 which is arranged in the heat transport medium circuit 5.
  • an optional tank 12 is shown the content of which can be heated by heat transport medium flowing in a coil 13 within the tank 12.
  • the heat transport medium can be branched off the heat transport medium circuit 5 through a three-way valve 14.
  • the conduit for feeding the coil 13 within the tank 12 bypasses the fan coil unit 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • the heat transport medium circuit 5 comprises a heat transport medium temperature sensor 15 located directly before an entry into the heat pump 1, with which sensor 15 the return flow temperature of the heat transport medium can be measured.
  • the example system shown in Fig. 1 further comprises a heat transport medium sensor 16 located directly behind an exit for the heat transport medium of the heat pump 1 with which the temperature of the supplied heat transport medium leaving the heat pump can be measured.
  • the heat transport medium circuit 5 further comprises a flow rate sensor 19 located in the heat transport medium circuit 5 with which the flow rate of the heat transport medium can be measured. Such flow rate sensor 19 can be used to calculate the supplied or removed heat.
  • the method for operating the heat pump system is controlled by a controller 17.
  • the controller 17 receives a temperature measurement from the room temperature sensor 4, optionally the supply flow temperature sensor 16, the return flow temperature sensor 15 as well as optionally the temperature measurement from an ambient temperature sensor 18 located in the heat pump unit.
  • the controller 17 further receives a flow rate measurement from the flow rate sensor 19.
  • the controller 17 controls the heat pump unit as well as the circulation pump 11 based on the measurement from these sensors.
  • Fig. 4 shows an operational behavior of the method for operating a heat pump system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows the case of heating a room.
  • the operation is analogue in the case of cooling a room, but with lower and upper thresholds inverted.
  • the uppermost diagram shows the air temperature over time
  • the second diagram shows the target flow temperature over time
  • the third diagram shows the fan operation over time
  • the lowermost diagram shows the heat pump operation over time.
  • the raising of the temperature of the heat transport medium shown in the second diagram is therefore stopped. This results in the air temperature further decreasing until it reaches a lower medium mover threshold, indicated as lowermost dashed horizontal line in the first diagram of Fig. 4 .
  • the air temperature reaching the lower medium mover threshold results in the fan being started, as can be seen in the third diagram.
  • the air temperature or room temperature shown in the first diagram starts increasing again, although the target flow temperature has not changed.
  • the quick raise of the air temperature can be detected according to the method of the present invention and can indicate that the fan is operating.
  • the target flow temperature is allowed to be changed again and further increased at the time indicated by the rightmost vertical dashed line because the air temperature is still lower than the target room temperature in Fig. 4 .
  • the increase of the target flow temperature is stopped and the target flow temperature is maintained constant.
  • the air temperature in the room further increases which results in restarting the fan operation. If the air temperature is already higher than the target room temperature when the fan operation is detected, the target flow temperature is lowered as soon as the target flow temperature is allowed to be changed. As the air temperature reaches the uppermost medium mover threshold the fan is stopped again and the operation cycle starts again as explained above from the point where the fan stopped.
  • the heat pump is operating all the time and the target flow temperature is adjusted.
  • Fig. 5 shows an operation example wherein the heat pump may be stopped.
  • the uppermost diagram of Fig. 5 shows the air temperature or room temperature
  • the second diagram shows the supplied flow temperature
  • the third diagram shows the fan operation
  • the lowermost diagram shows the heat pump operation.
  • the room temperature raises as shown in the uppermost diagram because the heat pump operates and the fan operates with excess supplied heat due to a higher target flow temperature than the supplied flow temperature, which amount of supplied heat is sufficient to keep room temperature to keep the fan running.
  • the room temperature reaches the threshold to stop the fan, indicated as uppermost dashed horizontal line in the first diagram of Fig. 5 , the fan stops at the leftmost vertical dashed line.
  • the air temperature drops quickly between the leftmost vertical dashed line and the second vertical dashed line.
  • the quick drop of room temperature indicates according to the invention that the fan has stopped, so the heat pump operation is stopped at the second vertical dashed line.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example flow diagram for the calculation of the target flow temperature.
  • a controller can determine the target flow temperature based on the flow shown in Fig. 6 at certain control intervals as for example one minute.
  • step S61 it is checked whether a time counter equals the permission check interval longer than the control interval which can detect the change of a thermodynamic quantity. If the time counter equals the permission check interval step S62 is carried out, where the permission status is checked indicating whether to change the target flow temperature. Step S62 is bypassed if step S61 determines that the time counter does not equal the permission check interval.
  • step S63 It is afterwards checked in step S63 whether target flow temperature change is permitted based on the permission status determined in S62. If the target flow temperature change is not permitted the method ends and restarts at a later time.
  • the target flow temperature is calculated in step S64.
  • the calculation of the target flow temperature may for example use a characteristic as shown in Fig. 7 , showing the flow temperature as a function of the outdoor temperature.
  • the target flow temperature may be adjusted to be raised if the air temperature is lower than the target room temperature or to be lowered if the air temperature is higher than the target room temperature. Either the above first calculation method using the function of the outdoor temperature or the above second calculation method using the function of the deviation between the air temperature and the target room temperature or a combined method of both calculation methods can be used.
  • step S65 It is then determined in step S65 whether the target flow temperature is lower than the threshold of the water temperature thermostat, shown in the second diagram of figure 5 .
  • step S66 is carried out in which the target flow temperature is set as the threshold of the water temperature thermostat. If in step S65 the decision is negative, the target flow temperature is set to the calculated value in step S67. The flow then ends and can be carried out again at a subsequent point in time.
  • Fig. 8 is a flow diagram showing how the permission status to change the target flow temperature is checked in step S62 in Fig. 6 .
  • the thermodynamic quantity to be measured is the room temperature or the temperature of the medium to be heated or cooled.
  • step S82 It is then decided in step S82 whether ⁇ is equal or lower than the first change rate threshold (the sign is minus, for example -0.1°C/min). If this is the case, the change of the target flow temperature is stopped in step S83. If this is not the case, it is determined in step S84 whether ⁇ is equal or greater than a second change rate threshold (a sign is plus, for example +0.1°C/min). If this is the case, the change of the target flow temperature is permitted in step S85. If this is not the case, the current permission status is kept (S86). In case of cooling, plus/minus sign of these thresholds and the direction of inequality in step 82 and 84 are opposite.
  • the first change rate threshold the sign is minus, for example -0.1°C/min
  • the determination whether the fan is stopped or running can be based on different thermodynamic quantities measured in the heat pump system.
  • the room temperature can be used as thermodynamic quantity.
  • Fig. 9A shows the room temperature over time.
  • ⁇ Ta is exemplified by vertical arrows and ⁇ ta is depicted as horizontal arrows.
  • thermodynamic quantity which can be used for determining whether the fan is stopped or is running can be the return flow temperature which is the temperature of the heat transport medium after having flown through the heat emitter.
  • the graphical representation of this method is shown in Fig. 9B at (2 ). If ⁇ is used instead of ⁇ in Fig. 8 , the sign of the first change rate threshold and the second change rate threshold and the direction of inequality of S82 and S84 are opposite. And in the case of cooling, plus/minus sign of these thresholds and the direction of inequality in step 82 and 84 are opposite to the case of heating.
  • thermodynamic quantity to be used to detect whether the fan is stopped or is running can be the reduction of the supplied heat which occurs if the fan stops.
  • Q(t) is the supplied heat (e.g. in kW)
  • ⁇ the density of water
  • Cp is the specific heat
  • Fw is the flow rate in L/min
  • Tsup the supplied flow temperature
  • Tret is the return flow temperature
  • ⁇ tc is the calculation interval (for example 3 minutes).
  • the behavior of the return flow temperature is shown in Fig. 9B .
  • the supplied flow temperature is depicted as a constant horizontal line.
  • the return flow temperature in the case of heating operation is lower and is depicted as the lower curve in Fig. 9B .
  • the reduction of the supplied heat is indicated by the arrow (3) while the change of the return flow temperature described above is indicated by the arrows (2), wherein the horizontal arrow is the calculation interval ⁇ tb and the vertical arrow is the temperature change ⁇ Tb.

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Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wärmepumpensystems zum Erwärmen eines Mediums, wobei das Wärmepumpensystem eine Wärmepumpe (1) und einen Wärmeemitter (2a, 2b, 2c) umfasst, wobei der Wärmeemitter (2a, 2b, 2c) einen Wärmetauscher zum Austauschen von Wärme zwischen einem Wärmetransportmedium und dem zu erwärmenden Medium umfasst, wobei der Wärmeemitter ferner zumindest einen Mediumbeweger zum Bewirken einer Strömung des zu erwärmenden Mediums über den Wärmetauscher umfasst,
    wobei
    der Betrieb des Mediumbewegers gestoppt wird, wenn die Temperatur des zu erwärmenden Mediums einen oberen Mediumbewegerschwellenwert erreicht,
    der Betrieb des Mediumbewegers gestartet wird, wenn die Temperatur des zu erwärmenden Mediums einen unteren Mediumbewegerschwellenwert erreicht,
    die Wärmepumpe (1) gesteuert wird, die Temperatur des Wärmetransportmediums zu erhöhen, falls die Temperatur des zu erwärmenden Mediums unter einer Zielmediumtemperatur liegt
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    in einem thermodynamische-Größe-Messungsschritt zumindest eine thermodynamische Größe im Wärmepumpensystem gemessen wird, wobei die thermodynamische Größe zumindest eines von einer gemessenen Temperatur des zu erwärmenden Mediums und/oder einer gemessenen Rückströmungstemperatur des Wärmetransportmediums und/oder einer gemessenen zugeführten Wärme umfasst,
    in einem Bestimmungsschritt auf Grundlage der thermodynamischen Größe bestimmt wird, ob der Mediumbeweger arbeitet,
    wobei in dem Fall, dass die Temperatur des zu erwärmenden Mediums unter der Zielmediumtemperatur liegt, die Wärmepumpe (1) gesteuert wird, Erhöhung der Temperatur des Wärmetransportmediums zu stoppen, wenn im Bestimmungsschritt bestimmt wird, dass der Medienbeweger nicht arbeitet.
  2. Verfahren nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch,
    wobei eine Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe bestimmt wird, und wobei im Bestimmungsschritt bestimmt wird, dass der Mediumbeweger gestoppt wird, falls die thermodynamische Größe abfällt und die Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe geringer ist als ein erster Änderungsratenschwellenwert oder die thermodynamische Größe ansteigt und die Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe höher ist als ein erster Änderungsratenschwellenwert.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei eine Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe bestimmt wird, und wobei im Bestimmungsschritt bestimmt wird, dass der Medienbeweger arbeitet, falls die thermodynamische Größe ansteigt und die Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe höher ist als ein zweiter Änderungsratenschwellenwert oder die thermodynamische Größe abfällt und die Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe geringer ist als ein zweiter Änderungsratenschwellenwert.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei eine Temperatur des Wärmetransportmediums gemessen wird und der Mediumbeweger nicht arbeitet, wenn eine Temperatur des
    Wärmetransportmediums unter einem oder gleich wie ein Transportmediumschwellenwert ist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei die Wärmepumpe (1) gestoppt wird, wenn erfasst wird, dass der Mediumbeweger nicht arbeitet, und wobei die Wärmepumpe gestartet wird, wenn die Temperatur des zu erwärmenden Mediums einen unteren Wärmepumpenschwellenwert erreicht.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei die Wärmepumpe (1) gesteuert wird, die Temperatur des Wärmetransportmediums zu senken, falls die Temperatur des zu erwärmenden Mediums über der Zielmediumtemperatur liegt.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei der Medienbeweger gestartet wird, wenn die Wärmepumpe (1) läuft und die Temperatur des zu erwärmenden Mediums abfällt.
  8. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wärmepumpensystems zum Kühlen eines Mediums, wobei das Wärmepumpensystem eine Wärmepumpe (1) und einen kühlenden Emitter (2a, 2b, 2c) umfasst,
    wobei der kühlende Emitter (2a, 2b, 2c) einen Wärmetauscher zum Austauschen von Wärme zwischen einem Wärmetransportmedium und dem zu kühlenden Medium umfasst,
    wobei der kühlende Emitter (2a, 2b, 2c) ferner zumindest einen Mediumbeweger zum Bewirken einer Strömung des zu kühlenden Mediums über den Wärmetauscher umfasst,
    wobei
    der Betrieb des Mediumbewegers gestoppt wird, wenn die Temperatur des zu kühlenden Mediums einen unteren Mediumbewegerschwellenwert erreicht, der Betrieb des Mediumbewegers gestartet wird, wenn die Temperatur des zu kühlenden Mediums einen oberen Mediumbewegerschwellenwert erreicht,
    die Wärmepumpe gesteuert wird, die Temperatur des Wärmetransportmediums zu senken, falls die Temperatur des zu kühlenden Mediums über einer Zielmediumtemperatur liegt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    in einem thermodynamische-Größe-Messungsschritt zumindest eine thermodynamische Größe im Wärmepumpensystem gemessen wird, wobei die thermodynamische Größe zumindest eines von einer gemessenen Temperatur des zu kühlenden Mediums und/oder einer gemessenen Rückströmungstemperatur des Wärmetransportmediums und/oder einer gemessenen abgeführten Wärme umfasst,
    in einem Bestimmungsschritt auf Grundlage der thermodynamischen Größe bestimmt wird, ob der Medienbeweger arbeitet,
    wobei in einem Fall, dass die Temperatur des zu kühlenden Mediums über der Zielmediumtemperatur liegt, die Wärmepumpe (1) gesteuert wird, Absenkung der Temperatur des Wärmetransportmediums zu stoppen, wenn im Bestimmungsschritt bestimmt wird, dass der Mediumbeweger nicht arbeitet.
  9. Verfahren nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch,
    wobei eine Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe bestimmt wird, und wobei im Bestimmungsschritt bestimmt wird, dass der Medienbeweger gestoppt wird, falls die thermodynamische Größe ansteigt und die Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe höher ist als ein erster Änderungsratenschwellenwert oder die thermodynamische Größe abfällt und die Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe geringer ist als ein erster Änderungsratenschwellenwert.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der zwei vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei eine Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe bestimmt wird, und wobei im Bestimmungsschritt bestimmt wird, dass der Mediumbeweger arbeitet, falls die thermodynamische Größe abfällt und die Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe geringer ist als ein zweiter Änderungsratenschwellenwert oder die thermodynamische Größe ansteigt und die Änderungsrate pro Zeiteinheit der thermodynamischen Größe höher ist als ein zweiter Änderungsratenschwellenwert.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10,
    wobei eine Temperatur des Wärmetransportmediums gemessen wird und der Medienbeweger nicht arbeitet, wenn eine Temperatur des Wärmetransportmediums über einem oder gleich einem Transportmediumschwellenwert ist.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11,
    wobei die Wärmepumpe (1) gestoppt wird, wenn erfasst wird, dass der Mediumbeweger nicht arbeitet, und wobei die Wärmepumpe (1) gestartet wird, wenn die Temperatur des zu kühlenden Mediums einen oberen Wärmepumpenschwellenwert erreicht.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12,
    wobei die Wärmepumpe (1) gesteuert wird, die Temperatur des Wärmetransportmediums zu erhöhen, falls die Temperatur des zu kühlenden Mediums unter der Zielmediumtemperatur liegt.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13,
    wobei der Mediumbeweger gestartet wird, wenn die Wärmepumpe (1) läuft und die Temperatur des zu kühlenden Mediums ansteigt.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei der thermodynamische-Größe-Messungsschritt in vorherbestimmten Zeitintervallen wiederholt durchgeführt wird.
EP17162847.2A 2017-03-24 2017-03-24 Verfahren für den betrieb eines wärmepumpensystems Active EP3379158B1 (de)

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CN100570230C (zh) * 2005-02-18 2009-12-16 松下电器产业株式会社 热电联供系统
US20110054701A1 (en) * 2009-08-27 2011-03-03 Blueair Controls, Inc. Energy saving method and system for climate control system
EP2468945B1 (de) * 2010-12-27 2019-04-17 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Haushaltswäschetrockner mit Wärmepumpe
JP5501282B2 (ja) * 2011-04-07 2014-05-21 三菱電機株式会社 ヒートポンプシステム及びヒートポンプシステムの制御方法
KR101507454B1 (ko) * 2011-06-23 2015-03-31 삼성전자 주식회사 히트펌프 및 그 제어 방법
JP5741256B2 (ja) * 2011-07-01 2015-07-01 三菱電機株式会社 貯湯式給湯機

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