US20130233739A1 - Acetoacetyl Thermosetting Resin for Zero VOC Gel Coat - Google Patents

Acetoacetyl Thermosetting Resin for Zero VOC Gel Coat Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130233739A1
US20130233739A1 US13/790,608 US201313790608A US2013233739A1 US 20130233739 A1 US20130233739 A1 US 20130233739A1 US 201313790608 A US201313790608 A US 201313790608A US 2013233739 A1 US2013233739 A1 US 2013233739A1
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Prior art keywords
gel coat
acetoacetate
crosslinked
oligomers
polyhydroxy polyol
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US13/790,608
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Ming Yang Zhao
Chih-Pin Hsu
Steven L. Voeks
Richard Landtiser
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CCP COMPOSITES US LLC
CCP Composites US LLC
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CCP Composites US LLC
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Priority to US13/790,608 priority Critical patent/US20130233739A1/en
Assigned to CCP COMPOSITES US LLC reassignment CCP COMPOSITES US LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HSU, CHIH-PIN, LANDTISER, RICHARD, VOEKS, STEVEN L., ZHAO, MING YANG
Publication of US20130233739A1 publication Critical patent/US20130233739A1/en
Assigned to GARRISON LOAN AGENCY SERVICES LLC, AS AGENT reassignment GARRISON LOAN AGENCY SERVICES LLC, AS AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CCP COMPOSITES US LLC, PCCR USA, INC.
Assigned to WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION reassignment WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CCP COMPOSITES US LLC, PCCR USA, INC., POLYNT COMPOSITES II, LLC
Priority to US14/800,245 priority patent/US20160108248A1/en
Assigned to CCP COMPOSITES US LLC, POLYNT COMPOSITES USA INC. (F/K/A PCCR USA, INC.) reassignment CCP COMPOSITES US LLC RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GARRISON LOAN AGENCY SERVICES LLC
Assigned to POLYNT COMPOSITES II, LLC, PCCR USA, INC., CCP COMPOSITES US LLC reassignment POLYNT COMPOSITES II, LLC RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Priority to US15/821,168 priority patent/US11091651B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/14—Linings or internal coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/36—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
    • C09D4/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups C09D159/00 - C09D187/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
    • C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the invention relate generally to the field of gel coats and laminating resins, and more particularly to methods of making low viscosity, low to zero VOC acetoacetyl thermosetting resins for gel coat and laminating resin compositions utilizing a Michael-type addition crosslinking reaction.
  • gel coats are widely used in numerous applications as the external surface layer of composite molded articles.
  • Gel coats are typically found on composite articles that are exposed to the environment requiring moisture resistance, resistance to cracking and similar properties, or articles that require a strong, flexible, abrasion and impact resistant surface and/or a smooth glossy finish. Examples of such articles include boat hulls, bath tub enclosures, pools, spas, and body panels on cars and trucks, among others.
  • Such gel coated articles are typically formed by spraying a gel coat composition from a high pressure spray gun onto the inside surface of an open mold, applying the materials and a laminating resin for the composite article onto the gel coat, curing the gel coat and then removing the cured gel coated article from the mold.
  • Gel coated articles can also be fabricated by applying the composite materials into a multi-part mold, injecting or applying the gel coat composition, closing the mold, curing the gel coat and then removing the cured gel coated article from the mold.
  • Gel coats for composite articles are typically formulated from a thermosetting base resin system such as unsaturated polyester, acrylate and urethane type resins with incorporated fillers, pigments and other additives.
  • the gel coat should exhibit low viscosity at high shear to allow for ease of application to the mold, but also resist sagging or running after it is applied.
  • Another important property of gel coats is surface tackiness and cure time.
  • a gel coat desirably produces a gel time of 10 to 20 minutes. Many low or zero VOC gel coats remain tacky after several hours of curing.
  • the gel coat resin is mixed with reactive, polymerizable monomers such as styrene or methyl methacrylate (MMA), which are also used to reduce resin system viscosity in order to apply the gel coat by spraying.
  • reactive, polymerizable monomers such as styrene or methyl methacrylate (MMA)
  • MMA methyl methacrylate
  • Conventional gel coat compositions contain 35 to 45 wt % of reactive monomers and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • VOCs volatile organic compounds
  • HAP hazardous air pollutants
  • high boiling point monomers typically have higher viscosity and lower reactivity with a resin solid. As a result, a higher amount of high-boiling point monomers is required to replace the standard monomers in gel coat formulations and the resulting product is very slow to cure.
  • the invention provides methods and gel coat and laminating resin compositions that overcome the above-described deficiencies and provide styrene free and zero VOC gel coats having a desirable viscosity for application, a fast gel time and set-up, and produce cured gel coats and laminating resins having a high degree of crosslinking with excellent performance properties.
  • the invention provides methods for making styrene free and zero VOC gel coats.
  • the method comprises:
  • the gel coat composition can be used in making a gel coated article.
  • the gel coated article is fabricated by:
  • the resulting gel coated article comprises the cured thermoset gel coat bonded onto the surface of the article.
  • the cured thermoset gel coat and laminating resin comprise crosslinked acetoacetate functionalized acrylate oligomers, and are preferably at least 50%, preferably 70 to 100%, crosslinked.
  • the invention also provides methods for making a laminating resin composition.
  • the method comprises:
  • the laminating resin composition can be cured at ambient temperature to form a solid, crosslinked, thermoset resin comprising crosslinked acetoacetate-functionalized acrylate oligomers, with the laminating resin being styrene free with zero VOCs and preferably at least 50%, preferably 70 to 100%, crosslinked.
  • the invention further provides a crosslinkable, styrene free and zero VOC gel coat composition.
  • the crosslinkable gel coat composition comprises an acetoacetylated polyhydroxy polyol, one or more multifunctional acrylate monomers or oligomers, a base catalyst, and at least one additive component selected from the group consisting of fillers, pigments and thixotropic agents, and has a viscosity of about 50 to 1200 cps under high shear, and is curable under ambient conditions to form a solid thermoset gel coat comprising crosslinked acetoacetate-functionalized acrylate oligomers, the gel coat being styrene free with zero VOCs and preferably at least 50%, preferably 70 to 100%, crosslinked.
  • the invention also provides a crosslinkable, styrene free and zero VOC laminating resin composition.
  • the crosslinkable laminating resin composition comprises an acetoacetylated polyhydroxy polyol, one or more multifunctional acrylate monomers or oligomers, and a base catalyst, and has a Brookfield viscosity of about 50 to 1200 cps, and is curable under ambient conditions to form a laminating resin comprising crosslinked acetoacetate-functionalized acrylate oligomers, the laminating resin being styrene free with zero VOCs and preferably at least 50%, preferably 70 to 100%, crosslinked.
  • the system is composed of separate containers packaged together, including:
  • a system is also provided for forming a laminating resin composition.
  • the system is composed of separate containers packaged together, including:
  • Embodiments of the invention relate to methods of making zero VOC, crosslinkable, thermosetting resins from acetoacetate-functionalized polyhydroxy polyols and multifunctional acrylate monomers or oligomers for producing laminating resins and gel coat compositions, which are crosslinked using a Michael-type addition reaction with a base catalyst to obtain laminates and gel coated articles.
  • the thermosetting resins have excellent curability at ambient or room temperatures.
  • the process results in an at least 50%, preferably 70 to 100%, crosslinked thermoset polymer network that is VOC and styrene free with excellent mechanical properties.
  • thermosetting resins are crosslinked without styrene or free-radicals, using a Michael-type addition reaction with a base catalyst at ambient temperatures to incorporate acrylate functionality into a multifunctional acetoacetylated polyhydroxy polyol to produce a thermoset, crosslinked polymer network in which the acetoacetate-functionalized acrylate oligomers are up to 100% crosslinked.
  • viscosity refers to the viscosity of a polymer in monomer at 25° C. (77° C.) measured in centipoise (cps) using a Brookfield RV model viscometer. The viscosity under high shear is measured by a cone and plate (CAP) viscometer at a shear rate of 10,000 l/s.
  • CAP cone and plate
  • NVM non-volatile material dispersed in a volatile substance (e.g., monomer) as measured according to ASTM D1259.
  • the acetoacetate-functionalized polyhydroxy polyol has at least two, and in some embodiments preferably at least three acetoacetyl functional groups per oligomer.
  • the functionalized polyol is then blended with a multifunctional acrylate to form a thermosetting, crosslinkable resin.
  • multifunctional acetoacetylated polyols can be prepared by reaction of a polyhydroxy polyol (also termed “polyhydric alcohol” or “polymeric polyol”), in a transesterification reaction with an alkyl acetoacetate compound, preferably a C 1 -C 5 alkyl acetoacetate.
  • a polyhydroxy polyol also termed “polyhydric alcohol” or “polymeric polyol”
  • an alkyl acetoacetate compound preferably a C 1 -C 5 alkyl acetoacetate.
  • Suitable polyhydroxy polyol compounds have an average of at least two, preferably at least three (i.e., tripolyol), hydroxyl groups per molecule.
  • Non-limiting examples of polyhydroxy polyols include methyl propanediol (MPD), trimethylolpropane (TMP), trimethylpentanediol, di-trimethylolpropane (di-TMP), butyl ethyl propanediol (BEPD), neopentyl glycol (NEO), pentaerythritol (Penta), di-pentaerythritol (di-Penta), tris-2-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate (THEIC), 4,4′-isopropylidenedicyclohexanol (hydrogenated bisphenol-A (HBPA), hydroxyl-functionalized acrylic polymers, among others, and mixtures of two or more of such compounds.
  • the polyhydroxy polyol has a hydroxyl
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable C 1 -C 5 alkyl acetoacetates include methyl acetoacetate (MAA), ethyl acetoacetate (EAA), n-propyl acetoacetate, isopropyl acetoacetate, n-butyl acetoacetate, tert-butyl acetoacetate (TBAA), pentyl (amyl) acetoacetate, n-pentyl acetoacetate, isopentyl acetoacetate, tert-pentyl acetoacetate, acetoacetate-functionalized acrylic polymer based on acetoacetoxyetheyl methacrylate, including copolymers with different acrylic monomers, among others, and mixtures of two or more of such compounds.
  • MAA methyl acetoacetate
  • EAA ethyl acetoacetate
  • TBAA tert-butyl acetoacetate
  • Procedures for preparing crosslinkable, functionalized acetoacetylated polyols by reaction of a polyol with an alkyl acetoacetate compound in a transesterification reaction are generally known in the art.
  • the polyol and alkyl acetoacetate compounds are reacted in a transesterification reaction at a temperature of 90 to 200° C. for 3 to 15 hours to form the functionalized polyol.
  • 10 to 90 wt % polyol is combined with 90 to 10 wt % alkyl acetoacetate, based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • the acetoacetylated polyols have an acetoacetyl content within a range of from 5 to 80 weight %, a hydroxyl number within a range of 0 to 60 mg KOH/g, and acid value of 0 to 5 mg KOH/g, and a number average molecular weight (Mn) within a range of 250 to 6000 g mole ⁇ 1 , preferably 300 to 5000 g mole ⁇ 1 .
  • the acetoacetate-functionalized polyol can be prepared in a multi-stage reaction in which the polyhydroxy polyol is initially reacted by the condensation reaction with a dicarboxylic acid/anhydride or polyacid with a glycol or polyol.
  • suitable carboxylic acids include isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, terephtalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, azelaic acid, 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, itaconic acid, sebacic acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, trimelitic anhydride, among others, and mixtures of two or more of such compounds.
  • the dicarboxylic acid and polyhydroxy polyol are reacted in a first stage reaction at 150 to 225° C. for about 5 to 20 hours, until an acid value of less than 20 mg KOH/g, preferably less than 10 mg KOH/g, is reached.
  • the molar ratio of acid functional groups to hydroxyl functional groups is 0.2 to 0.8.
  • an alkyl acetoacetate compound is mixed with the resulting polyester polyol and the reaction proceeds for about 3 to 15 hours to form the acetoacetate-functionalized polyol.
  • 25 to 90 wt % of the polyester polyol is combined with 75 to 10 wt % alkyl acetoacetate, based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • the acetoacetate-functionalized polyhydroxy polyol can be prepared in a multi-step reaction, in which a C 2 to C 13 alkanolamine is reacted with a cyclic, 5-ring hydroxy-functional carbonate in a first step to form a polyurethane polyol intermediate.
  • the molar ratio of alkanolamine to the 5-ring carbonate is at or about close to 1 with slightly excess of carbonate.
  • suitable alkanolamines also referred to as “amino alcohols”
  • suitable alkanolamines include monoethanolamine (MEA), propanolamine, isopropanol amine, and 2-aminobutanol, among others, and mixtures of two or more of such compounds.
  • suitable 5-ring carbonates include glycerine carbonate (GC), ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonate, among others, and mixtures of two or more of such compounds.
  • the alkanolamine and 5-ring hydroxy-functional carbonate are reacted at 20 to 75° C. for about 5 to 8 hours.
  • the resulting polyurethane polyol is mixed with an alkyl acetoacetate compound and reacted for about 3 to 15 hours to form the functionalized acetoacetylated polyol.
  • the acetoacetate-functionalized polyhydroxy polyol can be prepared in a multi-step reaction, in which the polyol is formed through free radical copolymerization of vinyl monomers and at least one vinyl monomer containing hydroxyl groups.
  • the resulting polyol contains at least two, preferably three, hydroxyl functional groups in each polymer.
  • suitable vinyl monomers containing hydroxyl groups include hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, and hydroxylpropyl methacrylate, among others, and mixtures of two or more of such compounds.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable vinyl monomers include aromatic compounds such as styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl phenol and the like, and unsaturated esters such as acrylic and methacrylic ester, vinyl laurate and the like, among others, and mixtures thereof.
  • the resulting polyol is mixed with an alkyl acetoacetate compound and reacted for about 3 to 15 hours to form the functionalized acetoacetylated polyol.
  • the acetoacetate functionalized polyhydroxy polyol is made directly by free radical copolymerization of vinyl monomers and at least one vinyl monomer contains acetoacetate functional group.
  • the resulting copolymer contains at least two, preferably three, acetoacetate functional groups in each polymer.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable vinyl monomers containing acetoacetate functional group include acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEM), acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate (AAEA), acetoacetoxypropyl methacrylate, acetoacetoxypropyl acrylate, acetoacetoxybutyl methacrylate, and acetoacetoxybutyl acrylate, among others, and mixtures thereof.
  • AAEM acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate
  • AAEA acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate
  • acetoacetoxypropyl methacrylate acetoacetoxypropyl acrylate
  • acetoacetoxybutyl methacrylate acetoacetoxybutyl methacrylate
  • acetoacetoxybutyl acrylate among others, and mixtures thereof.
  • the resulting acetoacetylate-functionalized polymer is a thermosetting, crosslinkable resin, having at least two, and in some embodiments at least three, acetoacetyl functional groups per polymer, which can be used, for example, in the formulation of laminating resins and gel coat compositions.
  • Gel coats are compositions in a curable (e.g., pre-cured) state, composed of a blend of one or more of the acetoacetate-functionalized polyhydroxy polyol resin material with one or more multifunctional acrylate monomers and/or oligomers and one or more additives. Gel coats are typically free of fibers.
  • the acetoacetate-functionalized polyol is combined with the one or more multifunctional acrylate monomers or oligomers.
  • the molar ratio of the acetoacetate functional group to acrylate functional group is 0.2 to 5.0, and preferably, a molar ratio of 0.3 to 3.0.
  • 15 to 70 wt % of the acetoacetate-functionalized polyol is combined with 15 to 70 wt % of one or more multifunctional acrylate monomers or oligomers and 2 to 40 wt-% additives, based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • the gel coat composition can be prepared by high speed dispersion of the filler, pigment and other additives into the resin mixture.
  • the viscosity of the gel coat composition (without catalyst) can range from 8,000 to 25,000 cps, and preferably 10,000 to 20,000 cps when measured by Brookfield viscometer at 4 rpm.
  • Multifunctional acrylate monomers include trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), di-trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, tris(2-hydroxy ethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, 1,2-ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,12-dodecanol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, amine modified polyether acrylates, glycerol propoxylate triacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, ethoxylated
  • the gel coat composition includes one or more additive components, for example, one or more fillers, pigments, and/or other additives such thixotropic agents, promoters, stabilizers, extenders, wetting agent, leveling agents, air release agents, as practiced in the art to adjust and enhance the molding properties (e.g., color effect, sprayability, sag resistance, mechanical property consistency, etc.).
  • Gel coats are typically free of fibers.
  • fillers for gel coats include inorganic (mineral) fillers, such as clay, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum trihydrate (ATH), calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, mica, aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate, talc, etc., and organic fillers.
  • the amount of filler in the gel coat composition can generally range from 5 up to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the gel coat composition.
  • Suitable pigments include inorganic pigments, such as titanium dioxide.
  • Thixotropic agents include silica compounds such as fumed silica and precipitated silica, and inorganic clays such as bentonite clay, which, if included, can be present in an amount ranging from 0.3 up to 6 wt %, based on the total weight of the gel coat composition.
  • the acetoacetate-functionalized polyhydroxy polyol resin material can be combined with one or more multifunctional acrylate monomers/oligomers (as described above) to form a curable laminating resin composition.
  • the laminating resin composition is composed of 10 to 90 wt % of the acetoacetate-functionalized polyol combined with 90 to 10 wt % of multifunctional acrylate monomers/oligomers, based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • the ratio of the functionalized polyol to multifunctional acrylate monomer/oligomer is 0.2 to 8.5, and more preferably a ratio of 0.25 to 8.0 (w/w).
  • the viscosity of the laminating resin composition is preferably about 50 to 1200 cps.
  • the laminating resin composition is combined with a base catalyst, and can be utilized in many applications such as for coatings and in reinforced composite products by various open and closed molding processes such as spray-up, hand lay-up, resin transfer molding and wet molding.
  • the gel coat composition is combined with a base catalyst and applied as an in-mold coating, typically by manual application or using a gel coat spray technique, onto the surface of a mold that is in the shape and form of the desired article (e.g., bathtub, car or aircraft part, boat hull, swimming pool, etc.).
  • the gel coat is allowed to partially cure such that it is tacky to tacky-free.
  • the amount of base catalyst included in the gel coat composition is typically 0.2 to 2.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the viscosity of the gel coat (with catalyst) can range from 8,000 to 25,000 cps, and preferably 10,000 to 20,000 cps measured by Brookfield viscometer at 4 rpm.
  • the gel time of the gel coat is 5 to 30 minutes at ambient temperature.
  • gel time refers to the time from catalyzation of the gel coat (or laminating resin) to cessation of flow.
  • Crosslinking of the laminating resin and gel coat occurs by a base-catalyzed Michael-type addition reaction of the acetoacetate-functionalized polyhydroxy polyol and multifunctional acrylate monomers or oligomers at ambient temperatures (about 20 to 25° C.), without heat or UV radiation.
  • the base catalysts are nitrogen containing compounds, which can be represented by the general formula R x R y R z N, where R x , R y , and R z each individually may represent hydrogen, or a C 1 -C 20 alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group, that each optionally may contain one or more hetero-atoms (e.g. oxygen, phosphor, nitrogen or sulfur atoms) and/or substituents.
  • hetero-atoms e.g. oxygen, phosphor, nitrogen or sulfur atoms
  • the group may be linear or branched; they also may contain one or more unsaturations or substituents.
  • This general formula R x R y R z N also represents nitrogen compounds, wherein the nitrogen atom shown in the formula is part of a cyclic system formed by two of the groups R x , R y , and R z , or is present in the form of an imine group or as a phosphazene.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable base catalysts include 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo[4,3,0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4,4,0]dec-5-ene (TBD), 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4,4,0]dec-5-ene (MTBD), tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), and N′-butyl-N′′,N′′-dicyclohexylguanidine, and the like.
  • DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
  • DBU 1,5-diazabicyclo[4,3,0]non-5-ene
  • TBD 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4,4,0]dec-5-ene
  • TMD 7-methyl
  • the base catalyst can be combined with an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-butyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, among others, and mixtures thereof.
  • an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-butyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, among others, and mixtures thereof.
  • the base catalyst is used neat (absence of a solvent).
  • the article can be a fully or partially cured polymer resin or composite of reinforcing material in a polymer resin matrix.
  • a reinforcing material for forming the article is laid into the open mold onto the partially cured gel coat material.
  • reinforcing materials include glass fiber, polyethylene fiber, carbon fiber, metal fiber, ceramic fiber, or other material used in the composite plastics industry.
  • dry fibers e.g., glass fibers, glass fiber matt, etc.
  • the reinforcing material is then wet out by applying a laminating resin in a curable (i.e., pre-cured) state that has been combined with a base catalyst.
  • the laminating resin is composed of 10 to 90 wt % of the acetoacetate-functionalized polyol, 90 to 10 wt % of multifunctional acrylate monomers or oligomers, and 0.2 to 2.5 wt % base catalyst, based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • the laminating resin is allowed to cure to form a hardened fiber-reinforced resin composite in the desired shape within the mold.
  • the gel coat becomes an integral part of the finished laminate article by forming a covalent interfacial bond with the laminating resin that is used.
  • the gel coat provides a primary bond at the interface with the composite article, unlike the application of a resin coating onto the formed article.
  • Curing of the laminating resin can be conducted at ambient temperature for about 4 to 40 hours.
  • the gel coated, composite article can then be removed from the mold for use.
  • the laminate can undergo a post-cure, for example, by heating the mold to an elevated temperature (i.e., to 65° C.) to further increase the degree of cure.
  • the gel coats of the invention provide a durable and high weather- and wear-resistant coating with good hydrolytic stability, and/or an aesthetic finished surface to the article being produced to improve surface appearance.
  • the gel coats also provide a resilient, light-stable surface covering and, in embodiments, are sufficiently pigmented to yield a desired color.
  • the base catalyzed Michael addition of acetoacetylated resins to acrylate acceptors produces crosslinked networks with low to no volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • VOCs volatile organic compounds
  • the cured gel coat and/or laminating resin is at least 50% crosslinked, and preferably 70 to 100% crosslinked. Such crosslinking can be assessed, for example, by measuring the residual reaction exotherm by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
  • a gel coat composition was prepared by mixing, respectively, 252 g of the IPA-TMP Tetra-Acetoacetate from Example 4, 184 g of TMPTA, 120 g of titanium dioxide, 30 g of talc and 4 g of fumed silica under high shear.
  • the gel coat composition had a Brookfield viscosity of 20,000 centipoise (cps) at 25° C. (77° C.) at 4 rpm.
  • a laminating resin was prepared by mixing, respectively, 263 g of IPA-TMP Tetra (Acetoacetate) from Example 4 and 285 g of TMPTA.
  • the laminating resin composition had a Brookfield viscosity of 900 centipoise (cps) at 25° C. (77° C.).
  • a catalyst solution of DBU was prepared by dissolving 20 g DBU in 7 g ethanol. The solution is a clear liquid.
  • a catalyst solution of DABCO was prepared by dissolving 30 g DABCO in 20 g ethanol. The solution is a clear liquid.
  • Example 7 200 g of the gel coat composition from Example 7 was mixed with 2.7 g DBU catalyst solution from Example 9 by hand.
  • Example 8 200 g of the laminating resin from Example 8 was mixed with 2.48 g (1.24 wt-%) DBU catalyst solution from Example 9.
  • a 1 ⁇ 8′′ laminate was formed by applying a 1.5 oz chop-strained mat and the laminating resin/DBU catalyst mixture onto the gel coat film. The laminate was allowed to cure for 16-20 hours at ambient temperature (25° C.), then removed from the mold and cut into test parts.
  • Gel coat formulations were prepared by mixing, respectively, TMPTris (Acetoacetate) (150 g) prepared from Example 1, the acetoacetate-functionalized methacrylate copolymer resin (68 g) prepared from Example 6, TMPTA (184 g), heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate (9 g, Zonyl TA-N from DuPont), titanium dioxide (120 g), talc (30 g) and fumed silica (4 g).
  • the gel coat composition had a Brookfield viscosity of 16650 centipoise (cps) at 25° C. (77° C.) at 4 rpm.
  • the gel coat composition (200 g) prepared from Example 7 was mixed with the catalyst solution of DBU (1.0 g) and ethanol (0.3 g), and sprayed on a waxed and buffed flat tempered glass plate to a thickness of 15-40 MILS (1 MIL-0.001 inch). After 20 min., the gel coat film was tacky free and a barrier coat (ARMORGUARD from CCP) was sprayed onto the film to a thickness of 23 MILS.
  • a 1 ⁇ 8′′ laminate is made using chopped fiberglass and a polyester resin (STYPOL LSPA-2200, 40% mat/60% resin). Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) co-initiator at 1.2 wt % is used to cure the polyester resin. The laminate is allowed to cure for 16-20 hours at room temperature, then removed from the mold and cut into test parts.
  • the gel coat composition (200 g) prepared from Example 7 was mixed with the catalyst solution of DABCO (1.0 g) and ethanol (1.0 g), and sprayed on a waxed and buffed flat tempered glass plate to a thickness of 15-40 MILS (1 MIL-0.001 inch). After 12 hr., the gel coat film was somewhat tacky and a barrier coat (ARMORGUARD from CCP) was sprayed onto the film to a thickness of 23 MILS.
  • a 1 ⁇ 8′′ laminate is made using chopped fiberglass and a polyester resin (STYPOL LSPA-2200, 40% mat/60% resin). Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) co-initiator at 1.2 wt % is used to cure the polyester resin. The laminate is allowed to cure for 16-20 hours at room temperature and 5 hours at 100° C., then removed from the mold and cut into test parts.
  • the mechanical properties of the examples have comparable properties to typical unsaturated polyester resins.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
US13/790,608 2012-03-09 2013-03-08 Acetoacetyl Thermosetting Resin for Zero VOC Gel Coat Abandoned US20130233739A1 (en)

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US14/800,245 US20160108248A1 (en) 2012-03-09 2015-07-15 Acetoacetyl Thermosetting Resin for Gel Coat
US15/821,168 US11091651B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2017-11-22 Acetoacetyl thermosetting resin for gel coat

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CN115335467A (zh) * 2020-03-30 2022-11-11 汉高股份有限及两合公司 不含高度关注物质的可固化灌封组合物

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PH12014501951A1 (en) 2014-11-24
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US20160108248A1 (en) 2016-04-21

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