US20130112548A1 - Electrode, use thereof, and an electrochemical cell - Google Patents

Electrode, use thereof, and an electrochemical cell Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20130112548A1
US20130112548A1 US13/667,365 US201213667365A US2013112548A1 US 20130112548 A1 US20130112548 A1 US 20130112548A1 US 201213667365 A US201213667365 A US 201213667365A US 2013112548 A1 US2013112548 A1 US 2013112548A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
crystals
electrochemical cell
substrate layer
electrode according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/667,365
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Hermann
Michael Schelch
Wolfgang Staber
Wolfgang Wesner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion GmbH and Co KG
Assigned to PRO AQUA DIAMANTELEKTRODEN PRODUKTION GMBH & CO KG reassignment PRO AQUA DIAMANTELEKTRODEN PRODUKTION GMBH & CO KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HERMANN, ROBERT, SCHELCH, MICHAEL, STABER, WOLFGANG
Assigned to PRO AQUA DIAMANTELEKTRODEN PRODUKTION GMBH & CO KG reassignment PRO AQUA DIAMANTELEKTRODEN PRODUKTION GMBH & CO KG CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE CONVEYING PARTY DATA PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 029553 FRAME 0939. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: SCHELCH, MICHAEL, STABER, WOLFGANG, WESNER, WOLFGANG
Assigned to PRO AQUA DIAMANTELEKTRODEN PRODUKTION GMBH & CO KG reassignment PRO AQUA DIAMANTELEKTRODEN PRODUKTION GMBH & CO KG CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE CONVEYING PARTY DATA PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 029553 FRAME 0939. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: HERMANN, ROBERT, SCHELCH, MICHAEL, STABER, WOLFGANG, WESNER, WOLFGANG
Publication of US20130112548A1 publication Critical patent/US20130112548A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46128—Bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
    • C02F2001/46147—Diamond coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode for an electrochemical cell, to use thereof, and to an electrochemical cell.
  • electrodes comprising a mixed oxide coating are normally used, which primarily have titanium or niobium as a substrate metal, to which noble metal oxides of the platinum group are applied with other valve metals, such as aluminum, tantalum, niobium, manganese, titanium, bismuth, antimony, zinc, cadmium, zirconium, tungsten, tin, iron silver and silicon.
  • iridium mixed oxide coatings are normally used for the production of chlorine and hypochloride ruthenium mixed oxide coatings or iridium/ruthenium mixed oxide coatings.
  • Anodes of this type consist of a titanium or niobium substrate in the form of expanded metal, in rod form, in wire form, in tube form or the like, to which platinum or noble metal oxides are applied in layer thicknesses up to 20 ⁇ m in a number of processing steps.
  • the service life of these anodes depends, in particular, on the working medium, the electrolyte, and the anode current intensity and is defined by the corrosion, in steps, of the applied layer and by the change in polarity during operation.
  • diamond electrodes made of doped diamond particles which are embedded in a non-conductive substrate layer.
  • Such diamond electrodes are characterized by a high overvoltage for oxygen and hydrogen and are therefore suitable for a multiplicity of oxidation processes in aqueous solution.
  • a diamond electrode made of synthetically produced, electrically conductive boron-doped diamond particles is known for example from WO 2004/005585 A1.
  • the diamond particles are embedded in the surface of a metal layer or metal alloy later.
  • a diamond electrode in which the doped diamond particles are embedded in a non-conductive substrate layer and are exposed on both sides of the substrate layer is known from WO 2007/116014 A2.
  • a plastics-based diamond electrode for electrochemical applications is known from WO 2006/116298 A1.
  • This electrode at least at its surface, has a layer made of synthetically produced doped diamond particles.
  • the plastic main body which is non-conductive in principle, can be made electrically conductive by admixing conductive components.
  • Such diamond electrodes have proven to be well suitable in practice, since they are extremely resistant and have a longer service life than the above-described metal electrodes.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electrode that has a longer service life than the previously known electrodes.
  • the electrode contains a piece of a crystal grown from doped titanium dioxide or contains a multiplicity of crystals grown from doped titanium dioxide.
  • Electrodes that have an extremely long service life, which far exceeds the service life of the known electrodes, can be produced or provided from doped titanium dioxide in crystal form.
  • the crystal piece can be a crystal plate cut from the grown crystal.
  • Such electrodes can be trimmed to the desired size from the grown crystal in various shapes, sizes and thicknesses, in particular in a thickness from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, preferably up to 3 mm.
  • these crystals are embedded in a single layer in a substrate layer made of a non-conductive material, the crystals being exposed on both sides of the substrate layer. In this embodiment too, a high service life is ensured.
  • polytetrafluoroethylene Teflon
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy alkane
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • PE polyethylene
  • PE polypropylene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the crystals embedded in the substrate layer have a particle size between 100 ⁇ m and 5 mm, in particular between 200 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m, and are grown in this size.
  • the particle size is adapted to the thickness of the substrate layer.
  • one of the following elements lithium, niobium, aluminum, phosphorous, gallium, boron, arsenic, indium, germanium, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, antimony, nitrogen, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium or yttrium, or oxides or fluorides thereof is used to dope the titanium dioxide.
  • Electrodes according to the invention are particularly suitable for use as edge electrodes in an electrochemical cell, either as an anode or as a cathode, due to their long service life.
  • an electrode according to the invention as a bipolar electrode in an electrochemical cell is also advantageous.
  • the invention further relates to an electrochemical cell that contains, as (an) edge electrode(s), an electrode or electrodes which is/are designed in accordance with the invention.
  • the electrochemical cell may also contain at least one diamond electrode as a bipolar electrode.
  • said cell contains, as (a) bipolar electrode(s), an electrode or a number of electrodes which is/are electrodes designed in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional illustration of a portion of an electrode according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view during production of the electrode.
  • the invention concerns the production and design of an electrode anode or cathode for an electrochemical cell.
  • the electrode is to have a much longer service life compared to the previously known electrodes comprising a mixed oxide coating.
  • the electrode consists of a piece, which is plate-shaped in particular, of a monocrystal grown from doped titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ).
  • TiO 2 doped titanium dioxide
  • crystals of corresponding size are grown, which are cut into the desired shape, for example a rectangular or round shape, and with the desired thickness, in particular between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably up to 3 mm. Doping is performed in the starting material or during crystal growing in the melt.
  • a multiplicity of elements can be used to achieve the doping necessary to obtain the electrical conductivity, for example lithium, niobium, aluminum, phosphorous, gallium, boron, arsenic, indium, germanium, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, antimony, nitrogen, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium or yttrium or the oxides or fluorides of said elements. Elements or oxides/fluorides thereof that are trivalent or pentavalent may thus be used. Iridium and ruthenium are particularly suitable.
  • the methods known for growing monocrystals can be used to grow the titanium dioxide crystals, in particular the methods for crystal growing from a melt, such as the Bridgman-Stockbarger method. This method allows the growth of monocrystals of high quality and abundance.
  • the electrode consists of small monocrystals 2 grown from doped titanium dioxide and embedded in a substrate material made of a non-conductive plastic.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an electrode of this type, wherein the crystals 2 are embedded in a single layer in a plastic substrate layer 1 without contacting one another on either side and protrude slightly on either side from the substrate layer 1 and are exposed.
  • the crystals 2 may have particle sizes between approximately 100 ⁇ m to a few millimeters, in particular up to 5 mm. Particle sizes between 200 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m are preferred.
  • crystals 2 having a substantially identical particle size are used, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer 1 is adapted to the particle size.
  • the crystals 2 are doped with one of the above-mentioned doping elements, or with the oxides or fluorides thereof, and are therefore electrically conductive.
  • the crystals 2 are grown in the desired particle size by known methods in the form of monocrystals.
  • the starting material for the substrate layer 1 is films made of chemically stable polymers, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
  • Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy alkane
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • a layer of crystals 2 is applied to a horizontal or substantially horizontal film 4 positioned in a planar manner.
  • the second film 5 is then placed onto the first film 4 provided with the crystals 2 , and the two films 4 , 5 are interconnected between the crystals 2 .
  • the two films 4 , 5 are preferably connected with application of pressure from either side, for example by exerting pressure onto the film laminate in a press or between two rolls. If the films are also heated during this process, they melt and interconnect. If the crystals 2 on either side are already exposed as a result of the pressure applied on either side, no post-treatment is necessary. It is possible, however, to expose the crystals 2 subsequently in a mechanical, chemical or thermal manner.
  • the first film 4 is therefore placed onto a thin plate 3 of a soft, resilient material and a thin plate 3 made of this material is likewise placed onto the outer face of the second film 5 , which has already been positioned, as is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • Pressure can then be applied over the surface from one or both sides and heat can be supplied, so that the films 4 , 5 melt and interconnect. In doing so, the crystals 2 penetrate through the film material and are exposed.
  • Possible preferred material for these thin, resilient plates 3 include, for example, Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene), Viton and Kapton (fluoroelastomers by DuPont), Neoprene (chloroprene rubber (or polychloroprene or chlorobutadiene rubber), thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV), fluoro rubbers, for example copolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and terpolymers of VDF, HFP and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), other fluorinated elastomers, such as perfluoro rubber (FFKM), tetrafluoroethylene/propylene rubbers (FEPM) and fluorinated silicone rubber (VQM), as well as silicones, but also metals, such as lead, aluminum or copper.
  • the thickness of the plates 3 is selected between 0.2 mm to 3 mm, in particular between 0.5 mm and 1.5
  • a support lattice, support fabric 6 or the like can be positioned in one or more layers onto, or beneath, the film 4 and/or onto the applied crystals 2 during production of the electrode. As described, the two film webs are then connected to produce the substrate layer 1 and to expose the crystals 2 .
  • fasten the support lattice, support fabric 6 or the like onto an outer face or to both outer faces of the electrode for example by means of gluing or laminating.
  • Suitable materials for the support lattice or support fabric 6 include plastics, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), glass fibres, plastic-coated glass fibres, ceramics or metals.
  • plastics such as polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), glass fibres, plastic-coated glass fibres, ceramics or metals.
  • PVDF
  • Electrodes designed or produced in accordance with the invention are particularly suitable for use in electrolysis cells (electrochemical cells), in particular for drinking water treatment, for disinfection of drinking water, for water treatment by anodic oxidation, for production of oxidizing agents and for electrolysis of water and for electrochemical production of ozone and chlorine.
  • electrolysis cells electrochemical cells
  • a preferred use is their use in electrochemical cells for purification of water in swimming pools, whirlpools or hot tubs.
  • Electrodes consisting of a crystal piece are particularly suitable as edge electrodes, whilst electrodes having crystals embedded in a substrate layer are particularly suitable as bipolar electrodes.
  • An electrically conductive contacting layer can be applied on one side to an edge electrode, thus making it possible to supply the crystal with current in an optimal and lasting manner.
  • Electrodes according to the invention with electrodes from the prior art, for example to use diamond electrodes as edge electrodes or as bipolar electrodes.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
US13/667,365 2011-11-03 2012-11-02 Electrode, use thereof, and an electrochemical cell Abandoned US20130112548A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1628/2011 2011-11-03
ATA1628/2011A AT511433B1 (de) 2011-11-03 2011-11-03 Elektrode, ihre verwendung und elektrochemische zelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20130112548A1 true US20130112548A1 (en) 2013-05-09

Family

ID=47115534

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/667,365 Abandoned US20130112548A1 (en) 2011-11-03 2012-11-02 Electrode, use thereof, and an electrochemical cell

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20130112548A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2589684A1 (de)
AT (1) AT511433B1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103910403A (zh) * 2014-03-17 2014-07-09 华南师范大学 一种低成本处理废水中有机污染物的工艺
AT516720A4 (de) * 2015-05-18 2016-08-15 Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode
US11760662B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2023-09-19 California Institute Of Technology Reactive electrochemical membrane for wastewater treatment

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT511817B1 (de) * 2012-02-22 2013-03-15 Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode
CN105624726A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-06-01 金刚宝石水高科技有限公司 用于电化学电池的电极
CN109592755A (zh) * 2018-11-22 2019-04-09 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 一种复合金属氧化物电极及其制备方法和一种电吸附去除氟离子的方法
US11217781B2 (en) 2019-04-08 2022-01-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Methods for manufacturing electrodes including fluoropolymer-based solid electrolyte interface layers
CN114195227B (zh) * 2021-11-12 2024-02-02 中国五环工程有限公司 可塑性基底三维粒子电极及其制备方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8273225B2 (en) * 2006-09-05 2012-09-25 Element Six Limited Solid electrode

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003817A (en) * 1967-12-14 1977-01-18 Diamond Shamrock Technologies, S.A. Valve metal electrode with valve metal oxide semi-conductive coating having a chlorine discharge in said coating
US4144147A (en) * 1977-09-26 1979-03-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Photolysis of water using rhodate semiconductive electrodes
DE2928911A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-29 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Elektrode fuer die wasserelektrolyse
US5364508A (en) * 1992-11-12 1994-11-15 Oleh Weres Electrochemical method and device for generating hydroxyl free radicals and oxidizing chemical substances dissolved in water
US8591856B2 (en) * 1998-05-15 2013-11-26 SCIO Diamond Technology Corporation Single crystal diamond electrochemical electrode
US6589405B2 (en) * 2000-05-15 2003-07-08 Oleh Weres Multilayer oxide coated valve metal electrode for water purification
DE102004012303B3 (de) * 2004-03-11 2005-07-14 Dieter Ostermann Photoelektrochemische Reaktionszelle und Vorrichtung zur Umsetzung von Lichtenergie mit dieser Reaktionszelle
JP2005272908A (ja) * 2004-03-24 2005-10-06 Kurita Water Ind Ltd 電解処理用バイポーラ電極および該電極を用いた電解処理装置
JP4249727B2 (ja) * 2005-05-13 2009-04-08 株式会社東芝 非水電解質電池およびリチウムチタン複合酸化物

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8273225B2 (en) * 2006-09-05 2012-09-25 Element Six Limited Solid electrode

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Babic (Ceramics International, 38, 2011, 635-640). *
Han et al. (Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol 359, issues 1-2, 2009, pages 25-40) *
Kavan et al. (Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1996, 118, page 6716-6723) *
The University of Illinois (Electrolysis of water using an electrical current, http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/clcwebsite/elec.html) *
Thiruvenkatachari et al. (Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25, 1, 2008, pages 64-72) *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103910403A (zh) * 2014-03-17 2014-07-09 华南师范大学 一种低成本处理废水中有机污染物的工艺
AT516720A4 (de) * 2015-05-18 2016-08-15 Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode
AT516720B1 (de) * 2015-05-18 2016-08-15 Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode
US20180148357A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2018-05-31 Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion Gmbh & Co Kg Electrode
US10626027B2 (en) 2015-05-18 2020-04-21 Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion Gmbh & Co Kg Electrode
US11760662B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2023-09-19 California Institute Of Technology Reactive electrochemical membrane for wastewater treatment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT511433B1 (de) 2012-12-15
EP2589684A1 (de) 2013-05-08
AT511433A4 (de) 2012-12-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20130112548A1 (en) Electrode, use thereof, and an electrochemical cell
RU2469959C2 (ru) Электрохимическая ячейка и способ ее эксплуатации
US8268159B2 (en) Electrolytic process to produce sodium hypochlorite using sodium ion conductive ceramic membranes
DK2004880T3 (en) PROCEDURE FOR MAKING A DIAMOND ELECTRODE
JP2016532008A5 (de)
JPWO2016117170A1 (ja) 多孔質隔膜、その製造方法、次亜塩素酸水製造用電極ユニット、及びそれを用いた次亜塩素酸水製造装置
TWI453302B (zh) 硫酸電解方法
TWI467057B (zh) 利用電解硫酸之清洗方法及半導體裝置之製造方法
EP3216896B1 (de) Ionenaustauschmembran für alkalichlorid-elektrolyse und alkalichlorid-elektrolysevorrichtung
EP3076446A1 (de) Vorrichtung vom hybridtyp
WO2017179663A1 (ja) 塩化アルカリ電解用イオン交換膜、その製造方法及び塩化アルカリ電解装置
CN110938835B (zh) 电极的制造方法
JP2023025201A (ja) 電解用電極及び積層体
KR20050084495A (ko) 다이아몬드 막형성 규소 및 전극
CN107531925B (zh) 离子交换膜
TWI467058B (zh) 硫酸電解槽及使用硫酸電解槽之硫酸循環型清洗系統
WO2015127081A1 (en) Current collector for lead acid battery
WO2020059627A1 (ja) 積層体、積層体の保管方法、積層体の輸送方法、保護積層体、及びその捲回体
AU2016264877B2 (en) Electrode
KR101910636B1 (ko) 전기분해를 이용한 과산화수소 발생 장치
KR20210148414A (ko) 전해용 전극, 적층체, 권회체, 전해조, 전해조의 제조 방법, 전극의 갱신 방법, 적층체의 갱신 방법 및 권회체의 제조 방법
KR102651660B1 (ko) 전기분해 전극 및 전해조
TW201520378A (zh) 改進之電解池
JP2021147640A (ja) 電極、及びその製造方法並びに水分解システム
TW201237220A (en) Method of installing oxygen-consuming electrodes in electrochemical cells and an electrochemical cell

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: PRO AQUA DIAMANTELEKTRODEN PRODUKTION GMBH & CO KG

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HERMANN, ROBERT;SCHELCH, MICHAEL;STABER, WOLFGANG;REEL/FRAME:029553/0939

Effective date: 20120512

AS Assignment

Owner name: PRO AQUA DIAMANTELEKTRODEN PRODUKTION GMBH & CO KG

Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE CONVEYING PARTY DATA PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 029553 FRAME 0939. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNORS:SCHELCH, MICHAEL;STABER, WOLFGANG;WESNER, WOLFGANG;REEL/FRAME:029708/0585

Effective date: 20120512

AS Assignment

Owner name: PRO AQUA DIAMANTELEKTRODEN PRODUKTION GMBH & CO KG

Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE CONVEYING PARTY DATA PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 029553 FRAME 0939. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNORS:HERMANN, ROBERT;SCHELCH, MICHAEL;STABER, WOLFGANG;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:029717/0453

Effective date: 20120512

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION