Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/56—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M105/70—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/72—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/74—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing phosphorus
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
  • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
  • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
  • C10M159/12—Reaction products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
  • C10M171/04—Specified molecular weight or molecular weight distribution
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/041—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
  • C10M2215/0425—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/2203—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/0406—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/0603—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/077—Ionic Liquids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/02—Bearings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a lubricating base oil containing an ionic liquid, and a lubricating oil composition.
• a lubricating oil generally includes an organic substance mainly containing hydrocarbons, where lowering the viscosity necessarily increases vapor pressure and entails evaporation loss of the lubricating oil and increase in risk of ignition.
• the lubricating oil e.g. hydraulic oil
• the lubricating oil used in a facility such as machinery in an ironworks that handles high-temperature objects requires fire resistance in order to avoid fire accidents.
• precision motors used for recent information equipment e.g. hard disk
• an ionic liquid containing cations and anions exhibits an excellent thermal stability and a high ion conductivity and is stable even in the air (see, for instance, non-Patent Literature 1)
• thermal stability i.e., volatility resistance and fire resistance
• high ion density high ion conductivity
• a large heat capacity a low viscosity and the like
• application of the ionic liquid has been vigorously studied on various usage such as an electrolyte for a solar cell (see, for instance, Patent Literature 1), an extraction separation solvent and a reaction solvent.
• Patent Literature 2 does not clearly describe what cations and anions are most suitably selected as an ionic liquid used in a lubricating base oil.
• an object of the invention is to provide a lubricating base oil exhibiting a low vapor pressure even with a low viscosity, no risk of ignition, an excellent heat resistance, less metal corrosion behavior at high temperatures and an excellent low-temperature fluidity, and a lubricating oil composition using the lubricating base oil.
• the invention provides a lubricating base oil and a lubricating oil composition as follows.
• a lubricating base oil includes at least one of ionic liquids containing a compound represented by a formula (1): Z + A ⁇ , in which Z + represents a cation and A ⁇ represents an anion, in which Z + is a cyclic quaternary ammonium ion having two different side chains and A ⁇ is a conjugated amide ion.
• a ⁇ in the ionic liquid of the formula (1) is selected from anions having a structure represented by a formula (2) below.
• n is an integer of 1 to 4
• m is an integer of 1 to 4
• n and m are allowed to be the same or different.
• Z + in the ionic liquid of the formula (1) is selected from cations having a structure represented by a formula (3) below.
• n 1 or 2;
• X is methylene or oxygen; and
• R 1 and R 2 each are a group selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms that is allowed to have an ether group, an ester group, a nitrite group and a silyl group.
• the ionic liquid has a molecular weight in a range of 410 to 570.
• the ionic liquid has a a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. in a range of 1 mm 2 /s to 100 mm 2 /s.
• the ionic liquid has a pour point of at most zero degrees C.
• a lubricating oil composition containing: the lubricating base oil according to the above aspect of the invention; and at least one of an antioxidant, an oiliness agent, an extreme pressure agent, a detergent dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator and an antifoaming agent.
• the lubricant oil composition according to the another aspect of the invention is used for lubrication of an oil-impregnated bearing, a fluid dynamic bearing, vacuum equipment and semiconductor manufacturing equipment.
• the invention can provide a lubricating base oil exhibiting a low vapor pressure even with a low viscosity, no risk of ignition, an excellent heat resistance, less metal corrosion behavior at high temperatures and an excellent low-temperature fluidity, and a lubricating oil composition using the lubricating base oil.
• a lubricating base oil according to an exemplary embodiment includes at least one of later-described ionic liquids.
• Each of the ionic liquids used in the exemplary embodiment is provided by an ionic liquid containing a compound represented by a formula (1): Z + A ⁇ , in which Z + represents a cation and A ⁇ represents an anion.
• the ionic liquid requires Z + to be a cyclic quaternary ammonium ion having two different side chains and A ⁇ to be a conjugated amide ion in the formula (1).
• a ⁇ in the formula (1) is selected from anions having a structure represented by a formula (2) below.
• n is an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 in terms of a molecular weight of the ionic liquid.
• m is an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 in terms of the molecular weight of the ionic liquid.
• m and n may be mutually the same or different.
• Examples of the anions represented by the formula (2) include bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)amide, bis(heptafluoropropanesulfonyl)amide, bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide, trifluoromethanesulfonyl(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)amide, pentafluoroethanesulfonyl(heptafluoropropanesulfonyl)amide, heptafluoropropanesulfonyl(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide, trifluoromethanesulfonyl(heptafluoropropanesulfonyl)amide, pentafluoroethanesulfonyl(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide, trifluoromethanesul
• bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)amide, and trifluoromethanesulfonyl(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)amide are preferable, among which bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide is particularly preferable.
• Z + in the formula (1) is selected from cations having a structure represented by a formula (3) below.
• n is 1 or 2 and X is methylene or oxygen.
• R 1 and R 2 each are a group selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms that may have an ether group (ether bond), an ester group (ester bond), a nitrile group and a silyl group.
• the number of carbon atoms in such an alkyl group is more preferably 1 to 6, particularly preferably 1 to 4 in terms of reduction in the viscosity and improvement in heat resistance (high-temperature oxidation stability) of the ionic liquid.
• Examples of the cations represented by the formula (3) include 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-pentyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-heptyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-octyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-nonyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-decyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-undecyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-dodecyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-cyanomethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-trimethylsilylmethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium, 1-pentyl-1-methylpiperidinium, 1-hexyl-1-methylpiperidinium, 1-
• 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-pentyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpiperidinium and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylmorpholinium are preferable, among which 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpiperidinium are particularly preferable.
• a molecular weight of the ionic liquid is preferably from 410 to 570, more preferably from 410 to 470, particularly preferably from 420 to 440.
• a charge density and an alkyl chain of the cations range appropriately, thereby reducing the viscosity and improving the heat resistance (high-temperature oxidation stability) of the ionic liquid.
• the kinematic viscosity of the ionic liquid at 40 degrees C. is preferably in a range of 1 mm 2 /s to 100 mm 2 /s, more preferably of 10 mm 2 /s to 70 mm 2 /s, particularly preferably of 20 mm 2 /s to 40 mm 2 /s.
• the pour point of the ionic liquid is preferably at most zero degrees C., more preferably at most ⁇ 10 degrees C., particularly preferably at most ⁇ 20 degrees C.
• the acid value of the ionic liquid is preferably at most 1 mgKOH/g, more preferably at most 0.5 mgKOH/g, particularly preferably at most 0.3 mgKOH/g.
• the flash point of the ionic liquid is preferably at least 200 degrees C., more preferably at least 250 degrees C., particularly preferably at least 300 degrees C.
• the viscosity index of the ionic liquid is preferably at least 80, more preferably at least 100, particularly preferably at least 120.
• An ion concentration (measured at 20 degrees C.) of the ionic liquid is preferably at least 1 mol/dm 3 , more preferably at least 1.5 mol/dm 3 , particularly preferably at least 2 mol/dm 3 .
• the ion concentration of the ionic liquid is calculated by [density (g/cm 3 )/molecular weight Mw (g/mol)] ⁇ 1000.
• the ion concentration of the ionic liquid is less than 1 mol/dm 3 , low evaporativity and heat-resistance (i.e., features of the ionic liquid) are disadvantageously lowered.
• the lubricating base oil in the exemplary embodiment contains at least one of the aforementioned ionic liquid
• the lubricating base oil in the exemplary embodiment may contain other compositions (e.g., ethyl acetate) in addition to the ionic liquid.
• a ratio of the ionic liquid in the lubricating base oil is preferably at least 50 mass %, more preferably at least 70 mass %, further preferably at least 90 mass %, particularly preferably 100 mass %.
• the lubricating base oil in the exemplary embodiment is usable for a variety of applications by containing a predetermined additive.
• the additive include an antioxidant, an oiliness agent, an extreme pressure agent, a detergent dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator and an antifoaming agent.
• One of the additives may be solely used or at least two of the additives may be used in combination. It should be noted that the lubricating base oil may be directly used without containing the additives depending on usage.
• antioxidants examples include an aminic antioxidant, a phenolic antioxidant, a phosphorous antioxidant and a sulfuric antioxidant.
• One of the antioxidants may be solely used or at least two of the antioxidants may be used in combination.
• aminic antioxidant include: monoalkyldiphenylamine compounds such as monooctyldiphenylamine and monononyldiphenylamine; dialkyldiphenylamine compounds such as 4,4′-dibutyldiphenylamine, 4,4′-dipentyldiphenylamine, 4,4′-dihexyldiphenylamine, 4,4′-diheptyldiphenylamine, 4,4′-dioctyldiphenylamine and 4,4′-dinonyldiphenylamine; polyalkyldiphenylamine compounds such as tetrabutyldiphenylamine, tetrahexyldiphenylamine, tetraoctyldiphenyl
• phenolic antioxidant examples include: monophenolic compounds such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; and diphenolic compounds such as 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and 2,2′-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol).
• sulfuric antioxidant examples include: thioterpene compounds such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(4,6-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2-ylamino)phenol and a reactant of phosphorus pentasulfide and pinene; and dialkyl thiodipropionate such as dilauryl thiodipropionate and distearyl thiodipropionate.
• thioterpene compounds such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(4,6-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2-ylamino)phenol and a reactant of phosphorus pentasulfide and pinene
• dialkyl thiodipropionate such as dilauryl thiodipropionate and distearyl thiodipropionate.
• Examples of the phosphorous antioxidant include triphenyl phosphite and diethyl [3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]methyl]phosphonate.
• a content of the antioxidant is typically in a range of 0.01 mass % to 10 mass % based on a total amount of the lubricating oil, preferably in a range of 0.03 mass % to 5 mass %.
• oiliness agent examples include: aliphatic alcohol; fatty acid compounds such as fatty acid and fatty acid metal salt; ester compounds such as polyol ester, sorbitan ester and glyceride; and amine compounds such as aliphatic amine.
• a content of the oiliness agent is typically in a range of 0.1 mass % to 30 mass % based on the total amount of the lubricating oil, preferably in a range of 0.5 mass % to 10 mass %.
• the extreme pressure agent examples include a sulfuric extreme pressure agent, a phosphorus extreme pressure agent, an extreme pressure agent containing sulfur and metal and an extreme pressure agent containing phosphorous and metal.
• One of the extreme pressure agents may be solely used or at least two of the extreme pressure agents may be used in combination. Any extreme pressure agent may be used as long as the extreme pressure agent contains at least one of a sulfur atom and a phosphorous atom in a molecule and exhibits load bearing and wear resistance.
• Examples of the extreme pressure agent containing sulfur in the molecule include sulfurized fat and oil, sulfurized fatty acid, ester sulfide, olefin sulfide, dihydrocarbyl polysulfide, a thiadiazole compound, an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound, a triazine compound, a thioterpene compound and a dialkyl thiodipropionate compound.
• Examples of the extreme pressure agent containing sulfur, phosphorous and metal include: zinc dialkylthiocarbamate (Zn-DTC), molybdenum dialkylthiocarbamate (Mo-DTC), lead dialkylthiocarbamate, tin dialkylthiocarbamate, zinc dialkyldithiocarbamate (Zn-DTP), molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (Mo-DTP), sodium sulfonate and calcium sulfonate.
• Representative examples of the extreme pressure agent containing phosphorous in the molecule include phosphate such as tricresyl phosphate, and an amine salt thereof.
• a content of the extreme pressure agent is typically in a range of 0.01 mass % to 30 mass % based on the total amount of the lubricating oil, preferably in a range of 0.01 mass % to 10 mass %.
• a content of the detergent dispersant is typically in a range of 0.1 mass % to 30 mass % based on the total amount of the lubricating oil, preferably in a range of 0.5 mass % to 10 mass %.
• the viscosity index improver examples include polymethacrylate, dispersive polymethacrylate, an olefin copolymer (e.g. an ethylene-propylene copolymer), a dispersive olefin copolymer and a styrene copolymer (e.g. a styrene-diene copolymer hydride).
• a content of the viscosity index improver is typically in a range of 0.5 mass % to 35 mass % based on the total amount of the lubricating oil, preferably in a range of 1 mass % to 15 mass %.
• rust inhibitor examples include metal sulfonates, succinates and alkanolamines such as alkylamines and monoisopropanolamines.
• a content of the rust inhibitor is typically in a range of 0.01 mass % to 10 mass % based on the total amount of the lubricating oil, preferably in a range of 0.05 mass % to 5 mass %.
• a content of the metal deactivator is typically in a range of 0.01 mass % to 10 mass % based on the total amount of the lubricating oil, preferably in a range of 0.01 mass % to 1 mass %.
• antifoaming agent examples include methyl silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil and polyacrylates.
• a content of the antifoaming agent is typically about 0.0005 mass % to 0.01 mass % based on the total amount of the lubricating oil.
• a water content in a lubricating oil composition in the exemplary embodiment is preferably at most 3000 mass ppm based on the composition, more preferably at most 500 mass ppm, particularly preferably at most 100 mass ppm.
• the lubricating base oil in the exemplary embodiment exhibits an extremely low metal corrosion behavior, a low vapor pressure even with a low viscosity and no risk of ignition. Accordingly, the lubricating base oil can be applied to various fields in a direct manner or as the lubricating oil composition added with the above additives.
• the lubricating base oil can be preferably used for: an internal combustion engine; a torque transmitter such as fluid coupling, automatic transmission (AT) and continuously-variable transmission (CVT); a bearing (e.g. slide bearing, ball bearing, oil-impregnated or oil-retaining bearing, fluid dynamic bearing); a compressor; a chain; a gear; a hydraulic device; a vacuum pump; a timepiece component; a hard disc; an aerospace instrument such as airplane and artificial satellite; a sealing instrument; a motor; and the like.
• the lubricating base oil can also be applied to a rolling device such as a ball screw and a rolling guide surface, a clutch control rotation transmitter, a power-steering device, a reciprocating compressor and a turbocharger.
• the lubricating base oil in the exemplary embodiment can also be suitable as a metalworking fluid (cutting, pressing and forging), a mold releasing agent, a heat-treating agent, a heat medium, a cooling agent, a rust inhibitor, a buffering agent such as a damper and a conductive lubricating agent that requires conductivity.
• the lubricating base oil in the exemplary embodiment is also applicable as a base oil of grease.
• a thickener of grease include: a metal soap thickener such as a lithium salt and a calcium salt; and a non-metal thickener.
• the non-metal thickener includes, for instance, bentonite, silica and fluorine resin powder.
• the lubricating base oil in the exemplary embodiment is also applicable as a base oil of gelatinous material other than grease.
• the invention is suitable as a machinery material containing iron, copper, aluminum and zinc.
• the invention is especially suitable when known corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel (martensite, ferrite, austenite), ceramic material (e.g. silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), aluminum nitride (AlN), boron carbide (B 4 C), titanium boride (TiB 2 ), boron nitride (BN), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium nitride (TiN), zirconia (ZrO 2 ) and the like are used and when a material on which various coating processing is conducted by DLC (diamond-like-carbon) processing is used.
• stainless steel martensite, ferrite, austenite
• ceramic material e.g. silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), aluminum
• the invention is also suitably used in a device for conducting physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
• PVD physical vapor deposition
• CVD chemical vapor deposition
• the physical vapor deposition include vacuum deposition, sputtering, ion plating and ion implantation using various ion guns.
• the vacuum deposition include electron beam evaporation, ion-assisted electron beam evaporation, arc evaporation and the like as well as general resistance heating evaporation.
• the physical evaporation may be conducted in combination.
• Examples of the CVD include thermal CVD, plasma CVD, optical CVD, epitaxial CVD, and atomic-layer CVD.
• the chemical vapor deposition may be used in combination or, alternatively, may be used in combination with physical vapor deposition.
• the PVD device and CVD device using the lubricating base oil (or the lubricating oil composition) in the exemplary embodiment is, for instance, suitably used for manufacturing a display element.
• a kinematic viscosity was measured according to “Crude petroleum and petroleum products-Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of viscosity index from kinematic viscosity” defined in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) K2283.
• a viscosity index was measured according to “Crude petroleum and petroleum products-Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of viscosity index from kinematic viscosity” defined in JIS K2283.
• a pour point was measured according to the method described in JIS K2269.
• the temperature was raised at a rate of 10 degrees C./min and the temperature at which initial mass was reduced by 5% was measured. Higher 5%-mass reducing temperature indicates more excellent evaporation resistance and heat-resistance.
• a friction coefficient and a wear width were measured under conditions of 20N-load, 80-degree-C. temperature, 30-mm 2 /s sliding velocity and 15-mm stroke.
• the ball is made of a material denoted by SUJ2 and has a 10-mm diameter.
• the disc is made of a material denoted by SUJ2.
• Lower friction coefficient and wear width indicate more excellent lubricity and wear resistance.
• One of iron sintered bearings (having an iron content of at least 99 mass %) and one of copper sintered bearings (having a copper content of 93 mass % to 98 mass %, a tin content of 2 mass % to 7 mass %, and a content of other metals of at most 1 mass %) were simultaneously soaked in an 8-mL ionic liquid and left still for 240 hours at 140 degrees C. Then, an appearance of the ionic liquid was observed.
• Each of the bearings has 12-mm outer diameter and a 4-mm thickness.
• Metal corrosion behavior was evaluated according to the following criteria:
• Ionic Liquid 1 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
• the halogen body (113 g, 0.510 mol) and deionized water (110 mL) were put into the 1-L flask, into which an aqueous solution prepared by dissolving lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (151 g, 0.525 mol) in deionized water (150 mL) was dropped. After being stirred for about one hour at the room temperature, the reaction mixture was transferred to a 1-L separating funnel and was extracted with methylene chloride (230 mL). The collected methylene chloride solution was washed for several times with deionized water.
• aqueous layer in a range of 1 mL to 2 mL was collected and reacted with a 0.5M silver nitrate solution (1 mL), where the presence of precipitates was checked. (If white precipitates were observed, since bromide ions were not completely removed, washing is repeated until the precipitates are not confirmed.)
• the reaction mixture was condensed using a rotary evaporator, to which a little amount of activated carbon was added and stirred for one day at the room temperature. The mixture was put into a column of a neutral alumina and was heated at 60 degrees C. for four hours with stirring under reduced pressure using a vacuum pump to obtain a target compound (212 g, 0.50 mol).
• a chemical formula of the compound is shown below.
• Ionic Liquid 2 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
• Ionic Liquid 4 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
• Ionic Liquid 7 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
• Ionic Liquid 8 N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
• the ionic liquid 8 was purchased from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC. A chemical formula of the compound is shown below.
• Ionic Liquid 9 N,N,N-trimethyl-N-pentyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
• Ionic Liquid 10 triethyl(octyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
• Ionic Liquid 11 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
• Ionic Liquid 12 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluorotris(pentafluoroethyl)phosphate
• the ionic liquid 12 was purchased from Merck Ltd. A chemical formula of the compound is shown below.
• lubricating base oils or lubricating oil compositions were prepared.
• the above properties i.e., kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, 5%-mass reducing temperature, friction property and metal corrosion behavior
• the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 together with the formulation.
• Example 1 Example 2
• Example 3 Example 4
• Example 5 Example 6
• Example 7 Example 8 formulation base oil ionic liquid 1 100 99.9 98.9 (mass %) ionic liquid 2 100 ionic liquid 3
• ionic liquid 4 100 ionic liquid 5
• ionic liquid 6 100 additive extreme pressure agent — — — — — — — — 1 metal deactivator — — — — — — — 0.1 0.1 evaluation items base oil molecular weight 422 450 424 436 438 440 422 422 kinematic viscosity at 40° C. 30.06 42.33 21.34 61.20 35.72 80.79 29.85 30.19 (mm 2 /s) kinematic viscosity at 100° C.
• the lubricating base oils or the lubricating oil compositions obtained in Examples 1 to 8 exhibited favorable heat resistance and lubricity in addition to less metal corrosion behavior at higher temperatures and an excellent low-temperature fluidity.
• the ionic liquid not satisfying that the cation was a cyclic quaternary ammonium ion having two different side chains and the anion was a conjugated amide ion less metal corrosion behavior at higher temperatures and an excellent low-temperature fluidity were not simultaneously achieved although heat resistance and lubricity were excellent, so that the obtained compound was not appropriate as the lubricating base oil.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-07-30 JP JP2010171895A patent/JP5739121B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-07-27 WO PCT/JP2011/067115 patent/WO2012014938A1/ja active Application Filing
  • 2011-07-27 KR KR1020137004945A patent/KR20130139861A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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