US20130069430A1 - Power-Supply Circuit For An Electrical Appliance Having A Battery And A DC-TO-DC Converter - Google Patents

Power-Supply Circuit For An Electrical Appliance Having A Battery And A DC-TO-DC Converter Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130069430A1
US20130069430A1 US13/612,984 US201213612984A US2013069430A1 US 20130069430 A1 US20130069430 A1 US 20130069430A1 US 201213612984 A US201213612984 A US 201213612984A US 2013069430 A1 US2013069430 A1 US 2013069430A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
converter
load
battery
supply circuit
power supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/612,984
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English (en)
Inventor
Torsten Klemm
Leo Faranda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Braun GmbH
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Braun GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Braun GmbH filed Critical Braun GmbH
Assigned to BRAUN GMBH reassignment BRAUN GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FARANDA, LEO, KLEMM, TORSTEN
Publication of US20130069430A1 publication Critical patent/US20130069430A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/10—Control circuit supply, e.g. means for supplying power to the control circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is directed to a power-supply circuit for a battery-powered small electrical appliance which includes a first load with a relatively high power consumption, a controllable switch, at least a second load with a relatively low power consumption and a DC-to-DC converter.
  • the present disclosure is further directed to a power supply method for such a small electrical appliance.
  • WO 02/15374 A1 describes a power supply circuit for electromotive small electrical appliances that are battery-powered and controlled by means of a microcontroller.
  • the power supply circuit comprises a DC-to-DC converter that increases the voltage of the battery to a level that is sufficient for the microcontroller.
  • the DC-to-DC converter is a step-up converter whose choke coil is formed by the electric motor.
  • the electric motor is controlled by the microcontroller with a pulse width modulated voltage in order to, on the one hand, enable the motor to run at the desired speed and, on the other hand, enable the step-up converter to provide sufficient voltage.
  • the power supply circuit has the disadvantage that the step-up converter does not supply voltage when the speed of the electric motor is reduced—for instance when switching off the motor.
  • EP 0 875 978 B1 describes a power supply circuit for electromotive small electrical appliances which are powered by an accumulator and controlled by means of a microcontroller.
  • the power supply circuit comprises a DC-to-DC converter that increases the voltage of the accumulator to a level that is sufficient for the microcontroller. If the accumulator is sufficiently charged, the microcontroller is powered by the DC-to-DC converter and the accumulator. If the accumulator is not sufficiently charged, the microcontroller is powered via a capacitor while charging the accumulator by means of a charger, whereas the charging process of the accumulator is intermittently interrupted for short periods of time in order to recharge the capacitor.
  • Typical DC-to-DC converters contain an internal circuit that deactivates the DC-to-DC converter whenever the supply voltage drops below a minimum voltage of e.g. 0.95 V. If the DC-to-DC converter powers a control circuit of a small electrical appliance containing a battery with only one cell (e.g. a NiMH battery with a nominal voltage of 1.2 V) and an electric motor, the starting current (e.g. 7 A) of the electric motor might lead at least temporarily to a drop in battery voltage sufficient for the DC-to-DC converter to deactivate and stop supplying power to the control circuit, even with a fully-charged battery. This might occur in an old battery with a relatively high internal resistance (e.g. 50 m ⁇ ).
  • a relatively high internal resistance e.g. 50 m ⁇
  • FIG. 1 is a drawing of a power supply circuit according to one embodiment.
  • a power supply circuit for a small electrical appliance includes a battery; a first load with a relatively high power consumption; a controllable switch; at least a second load with a low power consumption; and a DC-to-DC converter.
  • the first load is connected to the battery via the controllable switch and the DC-to-DC controller supplies power from the battery to the second load, such that the controllable switch supplies to the first load a pulsed voltage having a pulse-pause ratio.
  • the DC-to-DC converter powers the second load at least during the pauses.
  • a power supply circuit has the advantage that a small electrical appliance can be powered for a relatively long period of time with one single battery charge when the battery presents a high internal (e.g. age-related) resistance.
  • the load with the relatively high power consumption e.g. an electric motor
  • the DC-to-DC converter at least operates during the pauses and charges a capacitor connected in the usual manner at its output terminal, the capacitor powering the load with the relatively low power consumption, for instance a control circuit, which controls the functions of the small electrical appliance.
  • the pulsed voltage may have a pulse-pause ratio whose pauses are adjusted in such a way that the DC-to-DC converter can adequately power the second load, even when only operating during the pauses.
  • the DC-to-DC converter may exhibit a control port, with the DC-to-DC converter activated when the control port carries sufficient voltage.
  • the control port is connected to the control circuit that can switch the DC-to-DC converter on and off.
  • the power supply circuit may also contain a connection to a charger or a charging coil to charge the accumulator, the former also being connected to the control port of the DC-to-DC converter.
  • the DC-to-DC converter is therefore operating as long as the charger or the charging coil supplies sufficient voltage, or as long as the control circuit keeps the DC-to-DC converter operating.
  • the control circuit can thus prevent the DC-to-DC converter from automatically switching off in the usual manner during periods of low battery voltage.
  • the control circuit may ensure that the DC-to-DC converter remains in operation during the short-term voltage drop that results from switching on the motor.
  • the DC-to-DC converter may still exhibit the usual internal circuitry that switches off the DC-to-DC converter when the supply voltage drops below a minimal voltage, whereby this minimal voltage may be set to a relatively low value, which ensures that the battery will not be deeply discharged by the DC-to-DC converter.
  • the power supply circuit may be suitable for a battery-powered small electrical appliance, such as an electric toothbrush or shaver, whose batteries only consist of only one cell and whose battery voltages (e.g. 1.2 V) must be increased by a DC-to-DC converter to a voltage (e.g. 3 V) suitable to the control circuit.
  • a battery-powered small electrical appliance such as an electric toothbrush or shaver
  • batteries only consist of only one cell and whose battery voltages (e.g. 1.2 V) must be increased by a DC-to-DC converter to a voltage (e.g. 3 V) suitable to the control circuit.
  • the power supply circuit contains a charging coil L 1 connected to a battery B via a diode D 1 and a first controllable switch S 1 , with one end of the charging coil L 1 connected to the anode of the diode D 1 and the other end of the charging coil L 1 to the negative pole of the battery B (reference potential).
  • a first capacitor C 1 and a series connection from an electric motor M and a second controllable switch S 2 are connected in parallel to the battery B.
  • the battery B is also connected to a DC-to-DC converter DC/DC.
  • the DC-to-DC converter DC/DC further exhibits a control input and an output terminal, to which one end of a second capacitor C 3 is connected.
  • a control circuit uC presents two terminals for its power supply, one of which is connected to the output port of the DC-to-DC connector DC/DC, the other to the reference potential.
  • the control circuit uC further exhibits an input which is connected to the positive pole of the battery B as well as three outputs, one of which is connected to the first controllable switch S 1 , the second to the second controllable switch S 2 , and the third to the control input of the DC-to-DC converter DC/DC and to one end of a resistor R 4 .
  • the other end of the resistor R 4 is connected to the cathode of the diode D 1 , the first controllable switch S 1 and one end of a second resistor R 3 , whose other end is connected to the reference potential.
  • the first controllable switch Si is only represented schematically. It may, for instance, consist of an electronic circuit that will automatically activate when the charging coil applies sufficient voltage in order to charge the battery.
  • this power supply circuit operates is explained hereafter, initially assuming that the DC-to-DC converter DC/DC is not operating. As a consequence, the second capacitor C 3 at the output port of the DC-to-DC converter is discharged, thus also rendering the control circuit uC inoperative and leaving both the first Si and the second S 2 controllable switch open. If a small electrical appliance with this type of power supply circuit is to be switched on (if, for instance, the motor M is to be put into operation), the small electrical appliance may be connected with a charger not represented in the FIGURE in order for the charging coil L 1 to supply voltage via the diode D 1 and the resistor R 4 to the control input of the DC-to-DC converter.
  • the DC-to-DC converter switches on and charges the second capacitor C 3 connected to its output (e.g. to a voltage of 3 V).
  • the DC-to-DC converter requires a minimum voltage in order to supply power and therefore, despite the sufficiently high voltage at its control input, will not supply power if the voltage at the battery (e.g. a NiMH accumulator with a nominal voltage of 1.2 V) or at the first capacitor C 1 is below the minimum voltage.
  • the control circuit uC switches on and takes control of the small electrical appliance including the motor M (via the controllable switch S 2 ), the DC-to-DC converter DC/DC and the battery charging process (in particular the termination of the charging process by opening the controllable switch S 1 when the battery reaches full charge condition) as well as additional loads, where required, not described in the FIGURE, such as a display.
  • the control of the small electrical appliance depends on the battery voltage or the voltage at the first capacitor C 1 , which is continuously monitored by the control circuit. It is particularly advantageous if the control circuit keeps the DC-to-DC converter in operating condition during the start-up of the motor by applying a respective signal to the control input of the DC-to-DC converter. Should the voltage at the first capacitor C 1 temporarily drop below the minimum voltage of the DC-to-DC converter, due to the signal applied to the control input the DC-to-DC converter will immediately resume power supplying as soon as the minimum voltage is reached again.
  • the control circuit uC powers the motor M with a pulsed voltage, which may exhibit a fixed frequency (fixed cycle duration) and a fixed pulse-pause ratio.
  • the control circuit controls the second controllable switch S 2 , for example, in such a way that it will be switched on during 95-99% of the cycle and is only inactive during 1-5% of the cycle.
  • the control circuit may be operational at a frequency of about 250 Hz and is switched on during approximately 98% of the cycle time, while the motor M is running The length of the pauses of the pulsed voltage, the properties of the DC-to-DC converter, the size of the second capacitor C3 (e.g. 10 ⁇ F), and the power consumption of the control circuit uC (e.g.
  • TI MSP 430 are optimally coordinated in order for the control circuit to receive a sufficient power supply, even when the DC-to-DC converter is charging the second capacitor C 3 only during the pauses. This might occur when the battery voltage is relatively low, that is, the battery is almost empty, and/or the motor M has a particularly high power requirement—for instance during start-up. If the battery voltage is relatively high, the DC-to-DC converter may be operating during the whole cycle length and supplying sufficient current to not only power the control circuit uC, but the other loads as well. With medium battery voltage and a running motor M, the situation can arise that the voltage at the first capacitor C 1 drops below the minimum voltage of the DC-to-DC converter after half a cycle and thus will stop supplying power.
  • the control circuit will then temporarily switch off the other loads and will draw power from the second capacitor C 3 during the remaining cycle time, while the DC-to-DC converter will recharge the second capacitor C 3 during the pause (if the DC-to-DC converter's minimum voltage has been reached again after switching off of the motor).
  • the above-described power supply circuit of a small electrical appliance hence operates according to a method wherein the load with a relatively high power consumption is powered by a pulsed voltage having a pulse-pause ratio and the load with a relatively low power consumption is powered by the DC-to-DC converter, at least during the pauses.
  • the pauses may be adjusted such that the load with the relatively low power consumption will receive sufficient power even with the DC-to-DC converter merely operating during the pauses. If the battery voltage is higher than a determined minimum voltage, the DC-to-DC converter will power the second and further loads even during the pulses.
  • the control circuit furthermore provides continuous monitoring of the battery voltage and switches the small electrical appliance off whenever necessary.
  • the control circuit may first disconnect the motor, then the other loads, and lastly the DC-to-DC converter. As soon as the voltage at the second capacitor C 3 has dropped accordingly, the control circuit uC will also disconnect. In this manner, a deep discharge of the battery can be avoided. Then the small electrical appliance can only be put back into operation by charging the battery B.
  • control circuit uC may be implemented in a microcontroller.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
US13/612,984 2011-09-16 2012-09-13 Power-Supply Circuit For An Electrical Appliance Having A Battery And A DC-TO-DC Converter Abandoned US20130069430A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11007660.1 2011-09-16
EP11007660 2011-09-16
EP12004883.0A EP2571150A3 (en) 2011-09-16 2012-06-29 Power-supply circuit for an electrical appliance having a battery and a dc-to-dc converter
EP12004883.0 2012-06-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20130069430A1 true US20130069430A1 (en) 2013-03-21

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/612,977 Active 2033-02-04 US9124118B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2012-09-13 Circuit for a small electric appliance with an accumulator and method for measuring a charging current
US13/612,984 Abandoned US20130069430A1 (en) 2011-09-16 2012-09-13 Power-Supply Circuit For An Electrical Appliance Having A Battery And A DC-TO-DC Converter

Family Applications Before (1)

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US13/612,977 Active 2033-02-04 US9124118B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2012-09-13 Circuit for a small electric appliance with an accumulator and method for measuring a charging current

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US9124118B2 (zh)
EP (2) EP2571150A3 (zh)
JP (2) JP6017563B2 (zh)
CN (2) CN103828179B (zh)
CA (2) CA2848626C (zh)
WO (2) WO2013038365A2 (zh)

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US20170297551A1 (en) * 2014-10-30 2017-10-19 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for switching from a first power supply path to a second power supply path

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DE102017217729B4 (de) * 2017-10-05 2020-01-23 Audi Ag Energiebereitstellungseinrichtung zum Bereitstellen elektrischer Energie für wenigstens ein Endgerät sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Energiebereitstellungseinrichtung
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170297551A1 (en) * 2014-10-30 2017-10-19 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for switching from a first power supply path to a second power supply path
US11097713B2 (en) * 2014-10-30 2021-08-24 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for switching from a first power supply path to a second power supply path

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2015503309A (ja) 2015-01-29
CA2848626A1 (en) 2013-03-21
EP2571150A2 (en) 2013-03-20
JP5905579B2 (ja) 2016-04-20
WO2013038365A2 (en) 2013-03-21
JP6017563B2 (ja) 2016-11-02
EP2571150A3 (en) 2018-02-28
US20130069565A1 (en) 2013-03-21
CA2848626C (en) 2017-01-03
CN103828179B (zh) 2016-11-16
US9124118B2 (en) 2015-09-01
EP2571137A3 (en) 2018-02-28
JP2015503176A (ja) 2015-01-29
EP2571137B1 (en) 2020-06-24
WO2013038365A3 (en) 2013-06-20
CA2848814A1 (en) 2013-03-21
CN103797697A (zh) 2014-05-14
CN103828179A (zh) 2014-05-28
EP2571137A2 (en) 2013-03-20
CN103797697B (zh) 2016-11-16
WO2013038366A3 (en) 2013-06-27
WO2013038366A2 (en) 2013-03-21

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