US20130004728A1 - Optical stack - Google Patents

Optical stack Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130004728A1
US20130004728A1 US13/634,587 US201113634587A US2013004728A1 US 20130004728 A1 US20130004728 A1 US 20130004728A1 US 201113634587 A US201113634587 A US 201113634587A US 2013004728 A1 US2013004728 A1 US 2013004728A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
light directing
optical
unitary discrete
light
cases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/634,587
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English (en)
Inventor
Gary T. Boyd
William F. Edmonds
Vivian W. Jones
Keith M. Kotchick
Tri D. Pham
John F. Van Derlosfske III
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Innovative Properties Co
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US13/634,587 priority Critical patent/US20130004728A1/en
Assigned to 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY reassignment 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BOYD, GARY T., VAN DERLOFSKE, JOHN F., III, EDMONDS, WILLIAM F., JONES, VIVIAN W., KOTCHICK, KEITH M., PHAM, TRI D.
Publication of US20130004728A1 publication Critical patent/US20130004728A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/04—Prisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/04—Prisms
    • G02B5/045—Prism arrays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V11/00—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet

Definitions

  • FIG. 15 is a schematic side-view of a light directing film
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic side-view of another light directing film
  • FIG. 37 is a schematic side-view of an optical system
  • FIG. 48 is a schematic side-view of a display system
  • each light directing portion 160 of unitary discrete structure 150 of light directing film 100 has a base that is the largest cross-section of the light directing portion that is parallel to the plane of the light directing film and is bound by the side facets of the light directing portion.
  • light directing portion 160 has a base 164 that is the largest cross-section of the light directing portion in a direction parallel to a plane 105 of the light directing film and is bound by side facets 162 C and 162 D.
  • the exemplary light directing film 100 defines a plane 105 of the light directing film that is in the xy-plane.
  • base 164 includes a minimum dimension d 1 that, in the exemplary light directing film 100 , is along the x-direction.
  • base 661 D of light directing portion 660 D has a minimum dimension 671 D that is along the x-direction.
  • light directing portion 460 has a base 470 in the xy-plane that includes a minimum dimension 471 along the y-direction.
  • FIG. 4 shows that referring to FIG.
  • the base of a light directing portion can have any shape, such as any regular or irregular shape, and any size minimum dimension that may be desirable in an application.
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic top-view of a linear base 810 A that extends along the y-direction and has a minimum dimension 810 B
  • FIG. 8B is a schematic top-view of a linear base 820 A that extends along the y-direction and has a minimum dimension 820 B
  • FIG. 8C is a schematic top-view of a base 830 A that has a minimum dimension 830 B
  • FIG. 8D is a schematic top-view of a hexagonal base 840 A that has a minimum dimension 840 B
  • light directing portion 160 has a maximum height h 1 which is the maximum dimension or distance between base 164 and bonding portion 170 in a direction that is perpendicular to base 164 or plane 105 .
  • h 1 the maximum dimension or distance between base 164 and bonding portion 170 in a direction that is perpendicular to base 164 or plane 105 .
  • light directing portion 460 has a maximum height 472 that is along the z-direction and is the largest distance between base 470 and bonding portion 480 along the z-axis.
  • FIG. 472 is the maximum height 472 that is along the z-direction and is the largest distance between base 470 and bonding portion 480 along the z-axis.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a unitary discrete structure 1000 that includes a light directing portion 1060 and a bonding portion 1070 that is disposed on the light directing portion.
  • Each of the light directing and bonding portions has a piecewise planar side facet.
  • light directing portion 1060 includes a piecewise planar side facet 1062 that includes planar portions 1062 A and 1062 B
  • bonding portion 1070 includes a piecewise planar side facet 1072 that includes planar portions 1072 A and 1072 B.
  • optical stack 2000 includes a plurality of unfilled voids 2015 between light directing film 2010 and optical film 2090 , where the unfilled voids can contain air and/or a gas.
  • each of at least some of the plurality of unfilled voids 2015 substantially covers a region that is defined by optical film 2090 and portions of two or more adjacent unitary discrete structures 2030 that do not penetrate into the optical film and immediately surround the region.
  • optical layer 2070 can be or include a release liner that provides a transferable light directing film 2010 , meaning that, for example, the exposed major surface 2025 of the light directing film may be placed in contact with a substrate or surface and the release liner may thereafter be stripped away to expose a major surface 2061 of optical adhesive layer 2060 that can, for example, be bonded to another substrate or surface.
  • the release force for releasing optical adhesive layer 2060 or light directing film 2010 from a release liner 2070 is generally less than about 200 g-force/inch, or less than about 150 g-force/inch, or less than about 100 g-force/inch, or less than about 75 g-force/inch, or less than about 50 g-force/inch.
  • optical stack 2900 is a schematic side-view of an optical stack 2900 that has the same construction as optical stack 2000 except that no unitary discrete structure 2030 penetrates into optical adhesive layer 2060 .
  • the effective transmission of optical stack 2000 is not less or is less than by no more than about 20%, or about 15%, or about 10%, or about 9%, or about 8%, or about 7%, or about 6%, or about 5%, or about 4%, or about 3%, or about 2%, or about 1%, as compared to optical stack 2900 .
  • the disclosed light directing films include a first structured major surface that include a plurality of unitary discrete structures, and a second major surface that opposes the first structured major surface.
  • a disclosed light directing film is designed primarily to receive light from the second major surface side of the light directing film.
  • light directing film 2010 in FIG. 19 is designed primarily to receive light from second major surface 2025 and emit or transmit light from first structured major surface 2020 .
  • the disclosed light directing films include a first structured major surface that include a plurality of unitary discrete structures, and a second major surface that opposes the first structured major surface.
  • a disclosed light directing film is designed primarily to receive light from the first structured major surface side of the light directing film.
  • light directing film 2210 in FIG. 22 is designed primarily to receive light from first structured major surface 2220 and emit or transmit light from second major surface 2225 .
  • each of the top planar surfaces 2545 and 2547 makes an angle with the xy-plane that is less than about 60 degrees, or about 55 degrees, or about 50 degrees, or about 45 degrees, or about 40 degrees, or about 35 degrees, or about 30 degrees, or about 25 degrees, or about 20 degrees, or about 15 degrees, or about 10 degrees.
  • the two planar surfaces intersect at a peak 2560 of top surface 2540 , bonding portion 2520 , and unitary discrete structure 2500 , where peak 2560 is a line peak.
  • Peak 2540 of the top surface or the bonding portion has an included angle ⁇ 5 between the two planar surfaces that, in some cases, can be different than included angle ⁇ 2 .
  • included angle ⁇ 5 can be any angle, such as any angle from about zero degree to about 180 degrees, that may be desirable in an application.
  • included angle ⁇ 5 can be greater than about 90 degrees, or about 100 degrees, or about 110 degrees, or about 120 degrees, or about 130 degrees, or about 140 degrees, or about 150 degrees, or about 160 degrees, or about 170 degrees.
  • the included angle ⁇ 5 is less than about 70 degrees, or about 65 degrees, or about 60 degrees, or about 55 degrees, or about 50 degrees, or about 45 degrees, or about 40 degrees, or about 35 degrees, or about 30 degrees, or about 25 degrees, or about 20 degrees.
  • Each unitary discrete structure 3030 includes a light directing portion 3070 that is designed primarily for directing light and a bonding portion 3080 that is designed primarily for bonding light directing film 3020 to surface 3018 or second substrate 3015 .
  • at least portions of the bonding portion of each unitary discrete structure penetrates into optical adhesive layer 3025 and at least portions of the light directing portion of each unitary discrete structure does not penetrate into the optical adhesive layer.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic side-view of a display system 3100 that includes image forming panel 1950 for forming and displaying information to viewer 1990 .
  • Image forming panel 1950 is disposed on an illumination system 3145 that includes a back reflector 3105 for reflecting light that is incident on the back reflector towards image forming panel 1950 and viewer 1990 , a lightguide 3110 receiving light 3116 emitted by a lamp 3115 and emitting the received light towards image forming panel 1950 , and an optical stack 3135 disposed on and adhering to lightguide 3110 .
  • display system 3100 does not include a reflective polarizer layer 3180 .
  • the display system may include a second light directing film adhered to first optical adhesive layer 3170 .
  • Second optical stack 3125 includes a second optical adhesive layer 3120 for adhering the second optical stack to lightguide 3110 , a low index layer 3130 disposed on the second optical adhesive layer, and a light directing film 3140 disposed on low index layer 3130 .
  • each of unitary discrete structures 3320 and discrete structures 3330 can form any pattern or arrangement that may be desirable in an application.
  • discrete structures 3320 and 3330 can form a regular, such as periodic, or an irregular, such as a random, pattern.
  • Light directing films disclosed herein can be fabricated by first fabricating a cutting tool, such as a diamond cutting tool.
  • the cutting tool can then be used to create the desired unitary discrete structures, such as linear unitary discrete structures, in a microreplication tool.
  • the microreplication tool can then be used to microreplicate the structures into a material or resin, such as a UV or thermally curable resin, resulting in a light directing film.
  • the microreplication can be achieved by any suitable manufacturing method, such as UV cast and cure, extrusion, injection molding, embossing, or other known methods.
  • a light directing film 3900 a schematic side-view of which is illustrated in FIG. 39 , was made.
  • a microreplication tool was made using the processes outlined and described in, for example, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0041553, the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference thereto.
  • the microreplication tool was then used to make light directing film using the processes outlined and described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,030, the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference thereto.
  • Light directing film 3900 included a structured layer 3920 disposed on a substrate 3910 .
  • Substrate 3910 was made of PET, had a thickness of about 29 microns and an index of refraction of about 1.65.
  • An optical stack similar to the optical stack of Example 4A was made except that the top substrate 4000 was laminated to the bottom light directing film 4400 via a 3 micron thick optical adhesive layer and the bonding process described in Example H.
  • the resulting optical stack had a peel strength of about 30 gr/in and an ETA of about 1.58.
  • An optical stack similar to the optical stack of Example 7A was made except that the top light directing film 3900 was laminated to the bottom light directing film 4300 via a 3 micron thick optical adhesive layer and the bonding process described in Example H.
  • the resulting optical stack had a peel strength of about 90 gr/in and an ETA of about 1.97.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Securing Globes, Refractors, Reflectors Or The Like (AREA)
US13/634,587 2010-04-12 2011-04-11 Optical stack Abandoned US20130004728A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/634,587 US20130004728A1 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-04-11 Optical stack

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US32316310P 2010-04-12 2010-04-12
US32314710P 2010-04-12 2010-04-12
US32312810P 2010-04-12 2010-04-12
PCT/US2011/031910 WO2011130155A1 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-04-11 Optical stack
US13/634,587 US20130004728A1 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-04-11 Optical stack

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20130004728A1 true US20130004728A1 (en) 2013-01-03

Family

ID=44227521

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/634,587 Abandoned US20130004728A1 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-04-11 Optical stack
US13/634,583 Active 2031-12-25 US8942522B2 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-04-11 Optical stack and lightguides
US13/581,908 Active 2032-01-22 US8947799B2 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-04-11 Light directing film
US14/611,442 Active US9116285B2 (en) 2010-04-12 2015-02-02 Light directing film

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/634,583 Active 2031-12-25 US8942522B2 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-04-11 Optical stack and lightguides
US13/581,908 Active 2032-01-22 US8947799B2 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-04-11 Light directing film
US14/611,442 Active US9116285B2 (en) 2010-04-12 2015-02-02 Light directing film

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (4) US20130004728A1 (enExample)
EP (3) EP2558891A1 (enExample)
JP (7) JP2013524299A (enExample)
KR (6) KR102155586B1 (enExample)
CN (3) CN102844686B (enExample)
SG (4) SG184855A1 (enExample)
TW (3) TWI537615B (enExample)
WO (3) WO2011130155A1 (enExample)

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