Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/18—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes
  • A61K49/1818—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles
  • A61K49/1887—Agglomerates, clusters, i.e. more than one (super)(para)magnetic microparticle or nanoparticle are aggregated or entrapped in the same maxtrix
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/10—Organic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
  • B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C213/10—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C227/38—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C227/38—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
  • C07C227/40—Separation; Purification
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a solid form of a polyamino polycarboxylic gadolinium complex by a spray-drying procedure.
• the present process enables the collection of a solid form of the gadobenate dimeglumine complex which may be employed, for example, as a contrast agent in the diagnostic imaging field.
• Contrast media are substances used to enhance the contrast of structures or fluid within the body in the medical imaging field.
• the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most relevant, due to its efficacy and safety and, in this prospect, several contrast media have been developed during the last decades.
• Said MRI contrast media comprise, basically, a paramagnetic metal (generally gadolinium) which is complexed with a poliammino carboxylic chelate, either cyclic or acyclic.
• paramagnetic complexes are Gd-DTPA, Gd(HP-DO3A) and Gd-BOPTA.
• the physiologically compatible salt of this latter i.e.
• gadobenate dimeglumine complex of Formula I below, represents the active ingredient of one of the most commonly used MRI contrast agent, commercially known as MultiHance®.
• MultiHance® is obtained for instance as disclosed in EP0230893.
• the contrast agent In the imaging field, accordingly, the contrast agent has to be prepared in a pure, stable and convenient physical form and, in the most of the cases, this represents a crucial point and a challenge that any manufacturer has to face.
• a suitable physical form should be, for instance, the one that allows, first of all, a reliable and practical recovering of the compound in the final form ready to be administered, such to guarantee a safe and prolonged storage of the product.
• the solid form of a chemical compound is generally preferred.
• several isolation and purification techniques are further employed to convert such a product into the corresponding solid form (see for instance, Huang et al., Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews; 2004; 56; 321-334).
• Spray-drying technique represents an alternative method to the above, where a solid compound is collected starting from a proper solution (usually, an aqueous solution) or a suspension of the same, by a spray-dryer device.
• This technique suffers from some drawbacks, in particular when applied to molecules with specific chemical features, such as for instance, organic complexes or the like.
• some structural and/or chemical physical changes may be observed, including, among others, polymorphic changes, solvate formation or even undesirable glassy forms of the product (for a general reference, see for example, Corrigan et al., Thermochimica Acta 248; 1995; 245-258).
• the solid form thus obtained may be conveniently collected in high and reproducible yields and, noteworthy, said solid form substantially maintains the specifications of the starting liquid composition, even when the latter is intended for the administration and therefore in conformity with the limits and the specifications required for safety reasons.
• the present invention discloses a process for the preparation of a solid form of the gadobenate dimeglumine compound, characterised in that a liquid composition of said compound undergoes a spray drying process.
• the liquid composition is an aqueous composition, more preferably a water solution, having a concentration of at least 0.2 M, more preferably, comprised from 0.25 M to 0.6 M.
• the liquid composition is fed to the spray-drying device and atomized preferably by using a two fluid nozzle or a pressure nozzle.
• the fed rate of the liquid composition depends on the type and on the scale of the equipment; as an example, and according to a preferred embodiment, it is set from about 5 g/min to about 13 g/min on a lab scale equipment, from about 2.5 to 8 kg/h on a pilot plant scale and from about 30 to 80 kg/h on an industrial scale plant.
• the present process is preferably carried out at an inlet temperature (T-inlet) of the spray-drying device comprised from 140° C. to 280° C., whereas the out let temperature (T-outlet) has a value comprised from 70° C. to 120° C.
• the invention relates to the gadobenate dimeglumine in the solid form, obtainable by the present spray-drying process.
• the solid form thus obtained is a powder having an average particle size comprised from about 1 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m, even more preferably, from about 20 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m.
• the present invention relates to a kit of parts comprising the gadobenate dimeglumine, obtained as a solid according to the present process, along with a physiological acceptable aqueous carrier.
• the present invention refers to a process for the preparation of a solid form of the BOPTA ligand, characterised by spray-drying a liquid solution of said compound.
• the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a solid form of gadobenate dimeglumine compound of formula (I):
• the liquid composition containing the active ingredient of Formula I is subjected to:
• micro particles are meant particles having a mean diameter size comprised from about 10 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m.
• co-current flow refers to a process where the sprayed composition and the drying gas pass through the dryer in the same direction
• liquid composition refers to a solution, or a suspension, of the selected compound in any appropriate solvent system, including e.g. organic and inorganic solvent and mixtures thereof.
• Typical examples of said solvent systems are, inter alia, aqueous systems such as purified water (e.g. demineralised, distilled or deionised water and the like), or mixtures of water and water-miscible solvents.
• aqueous systems such as purified water (e.g. demineralised, distilled or deionised water and the like), or mixtures of water and water-miscible solvents.
• water-miscible solvents are, for instance, polar solvents, including, but not limited to, lower (e.g. C 1 -C 4 ) alcohols, acetone, and the like.
• the liquid composition is an aqueous composition, more preferably water, even more preferably, purified water.
• the gadobenate dimeglumine of Formula I is present in the above liquid composition in any proper amount, for example so that the nozzle obstruction is prevented.
• Preferred concentrations are of at least 0.2 M, more preferably from about 0.25 M to about 0.6 M, more preferably from about 0.45 M to about 0.55 M (with M meaning the molarity of the solution).
• the liquid composition is preferably fed to the apparatus at a temperature from 15° C. to 40° C., more preferably, from about 20° C. to about 25° C., and submitted to an atomization process in the spray-dryer chamber according to the above step i), by using a known atomisation device (located for example at the top of said chamber).
• suitable atomization devices comprise, among others, a pressure, a rotary, or a two fluid nozzle. Particularly preferred are either the two fluid nozzle or the pressure nozzle.
• liquid composition fed rate preferred values for a lab scale equipment are, from about 5 to 13 g/min, more preferably from about 8 to 10 g/min, whereas in case of an employment of the present process in a pilot plant, the feed rate may be comprised from 2500 and 8000 g/h, preferably around 2800-3200 g/h, whereas in case of industrial applications, the fed rate may range from 30 to 80 kg/h, preferably, from 35 to 45 kg/h.
• lab scale it is intended to refer to amounts of compound up to about 1 Kg, whereas the terms “pilot plant” and “industrial plant” refer to amounts typically from 1 Kg to 10 kg for the former, and more than 10 Kg for the latter.
• the thus atomised liquid composition is then dried in the device by using a co-current flow of a drying gas used in the art for similar procedures, such as, for instance, air or nitrogen.
• a drying gas used in the art for similar procedures, such as, for instance, air or nitrogen.
• the inlet temperatures of the gas (herein referred as T-inlet) is from about 140° C. to 280° C., preferably the inlet temperature is from 160° C. to 200° C.
• the outlet temperature (herein indicated as T-outlet) of the gas is from about 70° C. to about 120° C.
• the gadobenate dimeglumine is finally recovered in a solid form, preferably by passing through a cyclone, in high yields of conversion (up to 98%) and with a content of residual water comprised between about 0.7% and about 5.5% (calculated by Karl Fisher titration and herein indicated as KF) as detailed in the experimental part herein below.
• the process may be carried out by using a spray-drying equipment or plant, selected from those commercially available, such as, for instance, LAB PLANT SD 04 spray dryer or, alternatively in case of industrial scale amounts, a MOBILE MINORTM pilot plant.
• a spray-drying equipment or plant selected from those commercially available, such as, for instance, LAB PLANT SD 04 spray dryer or, alternatively in case of industrial scale amounts, a MOBILE MINORTM pilot plant.
• a liquid composition of the gadobenate dimeglumine might be easily prepared by reacting the polyamino carboxylic derivative 4-carboxy-5,8,11-tris(carboxymethyl1)-1-phenyl-2-oxa-5,8,11-triazatridecan-13-oic acid (BOPTA) as the ligand, with Gd 2 O 3 and N-methyl-glucamine (meglumine), as disclosed, for example, in EP 0230893 (Bracco Ind Chimica).
• Gd 2 O 3 and meglumine are commercially available, e.g. from Sigma-Aldrich (PN 278513 and M9179 respectively), whereas the BOPTA ligand may be prepared according to methods known to the ordinary practitioner, e.g. as disclosed in WO 2007/031390 (Bracco Imaging SpA).
• the present process for the preparation of gadobenate dimeglumine by spray-draying is particularly advantageous for the industrial scale as the spray-dried form may be obtained by employing water as a solvent, which is easy to handle and basically not requiring troublesome health or safety precautions.
• the overall process time is also very convenient; for example, in case of a lab scale equipment, the spray drying process allows to obtain up to 6-7 g/min of solid gadobenate, whereas in case of an industrial scale plant, up to 40 Kg/h may be obtained.
• the process of the present invention advantageously enables the preparation of a suitable solid form of the gadobenate dimeglumine, in a solid form different from the one obtainable by using other commonly employed methodologies leading to solid forms with unfavourable handling, workability (gummy, sticky or glassy solids), and extremely low recovering yields, due to cumbersome and time consuming procedures required for their collection.
• the present invention relates to the spray-dried form of gadobenate dimeglumine obtainable by the present spray-drying process.
• the solid form of the present invention presents characteristic features such as a good flowability, a good stability (up to 2 years when properly stored, i.e. under inert atmosphere) and a good wettability and dissolution rate (the solid form is soluble in water even at room temperature in a very short frame of time, e.g. few seconds) along with a controlled average particle size (misured by using a laser light scattering technique, and indicated with D(v,0.5), which means the equivalent diameter of the 50% of population, expressed as volume distribution).
• the obtained solid form of the gadobenate dimeglumine is characterised in that it is a stable water soluble powder having a particle size from 1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
• the powdered gadobenate is obtained as a powder having a particle size comprised from 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, by spray-drying a solution of gadobenate having a concentration from 0.2 M to 0.8 M, at an inlet temperature comprised from 100° C. to 250 ° C.
• the spray-dried gadobenate is obtained as a powder having a particle size ranging from about 20 ⁇ m to about 70 ⁇ m.
• the powdered gadobenate obtained according to the present invention has optimal dissolution characteristics, requiring less than 1 mL of water for 1 g of product at room temperature (i.e. at a temperature comprised from 20° C. to 30° C.), readily occurring in less than one minute.
• the solid product may be appropriately stored using precautions known in the art (e.g. protective packaging such as moisture proof bags), satisfactorily avoiding the formation of side products or alterations of the physical-chemical properties of the solid.
• protective packaging such as moisture proof bags
• the powdery solid form thus obtained may be conveniently stored even for 2 years, retaining the required degree of purity and the initial physical properties, such as colour, solubility and the like.
• the present solid form may be readily used, in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions, such as an injectable formulation to be used as MRI contrast agent.
• the solid gadobenate dimeglumine of Formula I obtained by the present process is packaged in a two component kit, preferably for administration by injection.
• the kit may comprise a first container, containing the spray-dried gadobenate dimeglumine, and a second container, containing a physiologically acceptable aqueous carrier.
• suitable carries are water, typically sterile, pyrogens free water (also generally indicated as water for injection), aqueous solution such as saline (which may advantageously be balanced so that the final product for injection is not hypotonic), or aqueous solutions of one or more tonicity adjusting substances such as salts or sugars, sugar alcohol, glycols or other non-ionic polyol materials (e.g. glucose, sucrose, glycerol, glycols and the like).
• Said two component kits can include two separate containers or a dual-chamber container.
• the container is preferably a conventional septum-sealed vial, wherein the vial containing the solid residue is sealed with a septum through which the liquid carrier may be injected using an optionally prefilled syringe.
• the syringe used as the container of the second component is also used then for injecting the contrast agent.
• the dual chamber container is preferably a dual chamber syringe and once the solid has been reconstituted and then suitably mixed or gently shaken, the container can be used directly for injecting the contrast agent.
• the invention relates to the preparation of the kit, wherein the first container comprises aliquots of the spray-dried gadobenate dimeglumine according to the process described above, followed by combination with a second container comprising aliquots of the suitable solvent, to achieve a kit of parts embodiment, ready for preparation of the injectable contrast agent.
• the present invention relies on a process for the preparation of a solid form of 4-carboxy-5,8,11-tris(carboxymethyl1)-1-phenyl-2-oxa-5,8,11-triazatridecan-13-oic acid (BOPTA ligand, see formula II below), characterized by spray-drying a liquid composition of said compound.
• BOPTA ligand 4-carboxy-5,8,11-tris(carboxymethyl1)-1-phenyl-2-oxa-5,8,11-triazatridecan-13-oic acid
• the isolation of BOPTA in a convenient dried solid form may be achieved by dissolution of the aforementioned wet solid BOPTA in an aqueous medium, so to obtain an aqueous liquid composition, and submitting the latter to a spray-drying procedure.
• the dried solid BOPTA may be readily collected in a short timerame, avoiding the drying step, as formerly reported.
• said process may be conveniently performed substantially using the same devices and conditions as previously described for the gadobenate dimeglumine spray-drying.
• liquid composition in this further aspect of the invention has the same meaning as above, i.e. a solution, or even a suspension, of the selected compound (in this case BOPTA) in any appropriate solvent system, as afore mentioned
• a suitable BOPTA liquid composition for the spray-drying process may be obtained by dissolution of the wet BOPTA obtained according to W02007/031390 (Bracco Imaging SpA) in a proper solvent system, as previously contemplated for the gadobenate dimeglumine spray-drying process.
• the isolation of the solid BOPTA may be carried out by spray-drying a corresponding liquid solution with a concentration preferably ranging from 7% w/w to 14% w/w (where % w/w means the mass percentage of the compound with respect to the mass of the total composition), at an inlet temperature of the device preferably selected from about 120° C. to 160° C., and an outlet temperature from about 60° C. to 95° C.
• the feed rate of the liquid composition is preferably selected from about 1200 g/h to 2400 g/h at a feed temperature ranging from approximately 40° C. to 50° C., by using, for instance, a MOBILE MINORTM pilot plant.
• the collected solid BOPTA may be conveniently used, for example, in the preparation of paramagnetic complexes, e.g. in the preparation of the previous mentioned gadobenate dimeglumine, by procedures known in the art and formerly reported.
• Spray-drying devices employed:
• MOBILE MINORTM pilot plant with co-current flow and equipped with two fluid nozzle or pressure nozzle.
• SD size 12.5 plant with co-current flow and equipped with pressure nozzle.
• Gadobenate Dimeglumine General Spray-Drying Procedure.
• the solution was fed to the spray-drying device at room temperature through a two fluid nozzle or pressure nozzle, which was located at the top of the chamber, and atomized into the chamber.
• the powder thus generated were subsequently separated from the exhausted air flow by collection through a cyclone.
• the solid was gathered in a sample collector located at the bottom of the chamber.
• the powdered gadobenate obtained according to Examples 1a-g could be easily dissolved in an aqueous solution in a very short frame of time as indicated in the above description.
• a white gummy solid was obtained by precipitation, but also in this case, its recovery was problematic and annoying due to the unfavourable consistency of the solid form.
• An aqueous suspension or solution of the BOPTA ligand was fed to the spray-dryer at a temperature of about 45-50° C., with a co-current flow of air and equipped with two fluid nozzle.
• the aqueous suspension or solution of the BOPTA ligand was obtained by solving an appropriate amount of wet solid BOPTA in an aqueous medium.
• the wet solid BOPTA is obtained by working in analogy to what disclosed in the afore mentioned W02007/031390.

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