Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
  • A61K31/554—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as ring hetero atoms, e.g. clothiapine, diltiazem
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D281/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of more than six members having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D281/02—Seven-membered rings
  • C07D281/04—Seven-membered rings having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 4
  • C07D281/08—Seven-membered rings having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 4 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D281/12—Seven-membered rings having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 4 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with two six-membered rings
  • C07D281/16—[b, f]-condensed

Definitions

• the present invention relates to methods of treating bipolar disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and to compounds suitable for use in such treatments, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the such compounds, processes for preparing the such compounds and prodrugs thereof.
• a number of drugs have been approved to treat bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (e.g., anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics), and treatment of mania has been achieved with several atypical antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine).
• atypical antipsychotics e.g., risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine
• Other compounds have been used for the clinical treatment of major depressive disorder (e.g., reboxetine and desimpramine) as well as bipolar depression (quetiapine).
• major depressive disorder e.g., reboxetine and desimpramine
• bipolar depression e.g., reboxetine and desimpramine
• improvement in therapy is still desired in terms of achieving better remission rates, more effective treatment of depression and an improved side-effect profile (e.g., reduced sedation and reduced weight gain).
• a therapeutic agent with such a profile is expected to provide advantages for the treatment of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder, to have potential for mood stabilization and maintenance of sufferers of bipolar disorder with potential for use in the amelioration of mania associated with bipolar conditions.
• NET norepinephrine transporter
• moderate D2 receptor antagonism reduced affinity at secondary targets (e.g., H1, M1) relative to NET.
• a pharmacologically active compound 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, prodrugs thereof, compositions containing the compound, a prodrug or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and methods of treating bipolar disorder and schizophrenia with the compound, a prodrug or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are described herein.
• Z is H, —C( ⁇ O)—R 1 , —C( ⁇ O)OR 1 , —C( ⁇ O)OCH 2 , —CH(R 1 )—NHC( ⁇ O)R 2 , —C( ⁇ O)OCHR 2 OC( ⁇ O)R 3 , —CR 1 ⁇ CR 2 or —CH ⁇ CHC( ⁇ O)R 4 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently at each occurrence alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl or are as further described herein.
• compositions comprising a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compositions comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
• methods for treating psychiatric disorders comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• methods for treating psychiatric disorders comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula II
• bipolar disorder, mood disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, or anxiety disorders comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• methods of treating bipolar disorder, a mood disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, or anxiety disorder comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Still yet further provided herein is a compound of Formula I or Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, an anxiety disorder, and/or a mood disorder.
• a compound of Formula I or Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder, an anxiety disorder, and/or a mood disorder.
• Still yet additionally provided herein are processes for preparing compounds of Formula I or Formula II, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; intermediates useful for the preparation of such compounds and processes for preparing and using such intermediates.
• Z is H, —C( ⁇ O)—R 1 , —C( ⁇ O)OR 1 , —C( ⁇ O)OCH 2 , —CH(R 1 )—NHC( ⁇ O)R 2 , —C( ⁇ O)OCHR 2 OC( ⁇ O)R 3 , —CR 1 ⁇ CR 2 or —CH ⁇ CHC( ⁇ O)R 4 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently at each occurrence alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl or are as further described herein.
• the compounds disclosed herein can be prepared by processes described herein by those skilled in the art of organic synthesis.
• the compounds can be synthesized using the methods described herein, using synthetic methods known in the art of synthetic organic chemistry, or variations thereon as appreciated by those skilled in the art.
• the starting materials and precursors used in the processes described herein are either commercially available, or readily prepared by established organic synthesis methods, or as described herein. It will be understood by those skilled in the art of organic synthesis that the functionality present on various portions of the molecule must be compatible with the reagents and reactions proposed. Such restrictions to the substituents that are compatible with the reaction conditions will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art and alternate methods should then be used.
• an amide compound of the present invention (formula 1-3) can be prepared by reacting the compound of Example 1 herein with an acid or acid derivative 1-2 (wherein X 1 is OH or a leaving group such as bromo, chloro, 4-nitrophenoxy, OC( ⁇ O)R 1 , and the like; and R 1 can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like) under appropriate conditions known to those skilled in art of organic synthesis.
• an acid or acid derivative 1-2 wherein X 1 is OH or a leaving group such as bromo, chloro, 4-nitrophenoxy, OC( ⁇ O)R 1 , and the like; and R 1 can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like
• coupling of the amine compound 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine 1-1 to an acid compound 1-2 can be carried out by a conventional amide bond formation method such as using a coupling reagent.
• a coupling reagent Various suitable coupling reagents can be used to facilitate the coupling reaction of amide-bond formation. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize such coupling reagents.
• suitable coupling reagents include, but are not limited to, benzotriazole-containing coupling reagents such as N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP), and 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU); an azabenzotriazole-containing reagent such as O-(7-azabenzotriazole-1-yl)-N,N,N′N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU); and dicarboimides such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), and dicyclohexyl carbodimide (DCC).
• HOBt N-hydroxybenzotriazole
• BOP
• the coupling reaction can be carried out in a suitable organic solvent.
• suitable organic solvents include polar organic solvents such as an alcohol (such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol), or tetrahydrofuran (THF).
• polar organic solvents such as an alcohol (such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol), or tetrahydrofuran (THF).
• aprotic solvents Some suitable organic solvents include polar aprotic organic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or methylene chloride.
• the coupling reaction can be carried out in the presence of a suitable base and at a suitable temperature for a time sufficient to afford the amide compound 1-3.
• Suitable bases include organic bases such as tertiary amines (e.g., triethylamine (Et 3 N or TEA), diisopropylethylamine (iPr 2 NEt or DIPEA) and/or dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)).
• tertiary amines e.g., triethylamine (Et 3 N or TEA), diisopropylethylamine (iPr 2 NEt or DIPEA) and/or dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)
• the reaction mixture is heated to an elevated temperature (i.e., above the room temperature).
• the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of about 40° C., about 50° C., about 60° C., about 70° C., about 80° C., about 90° C., about 100° C., about 110° C., about 120° C., about 130° C., about 140° C., about 150° C., or about 160° C.
• the reaction progress can be monitored by conventional methods such as TLC or NMR.
• the acid 1-2 (wherein X 1 is OH) can be converted to a more reactive acid derivative 1-2 (wherein X 1 is bromo, chloro, 4-nitrophenoxy, OC( ⁇ O)R 1 , and the like) such as an acid chloride, ester, a (mixed) anhydride, and the acid derivative can be optionally separated.
• the acid derivative can further react with 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine 1-1 to form the amide 1-3 under suitable conditions such as in the presence of a suitable base (e.g., triethylamine or pyridine).
• a suitable base e.g., triethylamine or pyridine
• a carbamate compound of the present invention (formula 2-3) can be synthesized by reacting the compound of Example 1 herein, 2-1) with a chloroformate 2-2 (wherein R 1 can be alkyl, arylalkyl, and the like).
• the reaction of scheme 2 can be carried out in a suitable organic solvent such as a polar aprotic organic solvent (e.g., methylene chloride) and in the presence of a suitable base such as a tertiary amine (e.g., triethylamine (Et 3 N or TEA), diisopropylethylamine (iPr 2 NEt or DIPEA), pyridine, and/or dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)).
• a suitable organic solvent such as a polar aprotic organic solvent (e.g., methylene chloride)
• a suitable base such as a tertiary amine (e.g., triethylamine (Et 3 N or TEA), diisopropylethylamine (iPr 2 NEt or DIPEA), pyridine, and/or dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)).
• a suitable organic solvent such as a polar aprotic organic solvent
• a carbamate compound of the present invention (formula 3-5) can be synthesized via 4-nitrophenyl carbonate intermediate 3-3.
• 4-Nitrophenyl chloroformate 3-1 can be reacted with an alcohol 3-2 in a suitable organic solvent such as a polar aprotic organic solvent (e.g., chloroform) and in the presence of a suitable base such as a tertiary amine (e.g., triethylamine (Et 3 N or TEA), diisopropylethylamine (iPr 2 NEt or DIPEA), pyridine, and/or dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)) to form a 4-nitrophenyl carbonate intermediate 3-3.
• a suitable organic solvent such as a polar aprotic organic solvent (e.g., chloroform)
• a suitable base such as a tertiary amine (e.g., triethylamine (Et 3 N or TEA), diisopropylethylamine (iPr 2 NEt or DIPEA), pyridine, and/or dimethylaminopyr
• the intermediate 3-3 can be reacted with 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine 3-4 in a suitable organic solvent such as a polar aprotic organic solvent (e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide or hexamethylphosphoramide) to form the carbamate 3-5.
• a suitable organic solvent such as a polar aprotic organic solvent (e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide or hexamethylphosphoramide)
• a carbamate compound of the present invention (formula 4-4) can be synthesized by reacting a compound of Example 1 herein, (4-1) with a chloroformate 4-2 or a 4-nitrophenyl carbonate compound 4-3 (wherein R 2 can be H, methyl, and the like; and R 3 can be alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl), alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like).
• R 2 can be H, methyl, and the like
• R 3 can be alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl), alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like).
• the reactions can be carried out in similar conditions to those described in Schemes 2 and 3.
• the chloroformates 4-2 can be made by those skilled in the art by using methods such as similar to one reported by Folkmann et al., Synthesis, 1990, 1159-1166.
• the nitrophenyl carbonates 4-3 can be made by those skilled in the art by using methods such as similar to one reported by Alexander and co-workers in J. Med. Chem., 1988, 31, 318-322. Each of the references is incorporated herein by its entirety.
• a carbamate compound of the present invention (formula 5-3) can be prepared by reacting a compound of Example 1 herein, 5-1 with a compound of formula 5-2 (wherein X is a leaving group such as iodo, bromo or chloro; R 2 can be H, methyl, and the like; and R 3 can be alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl), alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like) in the presence of carbon dioxide and a suitable base such as cesium carbonate and in a suitable solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide.
• X is a leaving group such as iodo, bromo or chloro
• R 2 can be H, methyl, and the like
• R 3 can be alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl), alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl,
• the compound of formula 5-5 can be prepared from a compound of Example 1, 5-1 and a compound of formula 5-4 (wherein X 1 is a leaving group such as iodo, bromo, chloro or 4-nitrophenylcarbonate) in the presence of carbon dioxide and a suitable base such as cesium carbonate.
• X 1 is a leaving group such as iodo, bromo, chloro or 4-nitrophenylcarbonate
• an enamine compound of the present invention (formula 6-3) can be synthesized by reacting 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine 6-1 with a ketone or aldehyde 6-2 (wherein R 1 can be H, alkyl, and the like; and R 2 can be H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like).
• the reaction can be carried out under a suitable condition such as in the presence of a catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid and using a Dean-Stark trap to remove the water generated, and in a suitable organic solvent such as benzene or toluene.
• a catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid and using a Dean-Stark trap to remove the water generated
• a suitable organic solvent such as benzene or toluene.
• a novel enamine compound of the present invention (formula 6-5) can be synthesized by reacting 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine 6-1 with an alkynone 6-4 (wherein R 4 can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like) under a suitable condition such as reflux in a suitable organic solvent such as ethyl acetate.
• a novel Mannich-base-type compound of the present invention (formula 7-4) can be prepared by reacting a compound of Example 1 herein, 7-1 with an aldehyde 7-2 (wherein R 1 can be H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like) and a nucleophile such as an amide 7-3 (wherein R 2 can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like) under suitable conditions such as reflux.
• aldehyde 7-2 wherein R 1 can be H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like
• R 2 can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the like
• 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine, formaldehyde aqueous solution and an amide 7-3 can be heated to reflux in an alcohol solvent such as ethanol to form a compound of formula 7-4 wherein R 1 is H.
• a CN group can be hydrolyzed to afford an amide group; a carboxylic acid can be converted to an amide; a carboxylic acid can be converted to an ester, which in turn can be reduced to an alcohol, which in turn can be further modified.
• an OH group can be converted into another leaving group such as mesylate, which in turn is suitable for nucleophilic substitution, such as by CN.
• a compound of formula I having a substituent that contains a functional group can be converted to another compound of formula I having a different substituent group.
• a variety of compounds in the present invention may exist in particular stereoisomeric forms.
• the present invention takes into account all such compounds, including cis- and trans isomers, R- and S-enantiomers, diastereomers, (D)-isomers, (L)-isomers, the racemic mixtures thereof, and other mixtures thereof, as being covered within the scope of this invention.
• Additional asymmetric carbon atoms may be present in a substituent such as an alkyl group. All such isomers, as well as mixtures thereof, are intended to be included in this invention.
• the compounds herein described may have asymmetric centers. Compounds of the present invention containing an asymmetrically substituted atom may be isolated in optically active or racemic forms.
• optically active forms such as by resolution of racemic forms or by synthesis from optically active starting materials.
• separation of the racemic material can be achieved by methods known in the art.
• the optically active forms of the compound of the invention may be prepared, for example, by chiral chromatographic separation of a racemate, by synthesis from optically active starting materials or by asymmetric synthesis based on the procedures described hereafter.
• Optical isomers can be obtained in pure form by standard procedures known to those skilled in the art, and include, but are not limited to, diastereomeric salt formation, kinetic resolution, and asymmetric synthesis. See, for example, Jacques et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981); Wilen et al., Tetrahedron, 1977, 33, 2725; Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, NY, 1962); Wilen, S. H. Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E. L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind.
• this invention encompasses all possible regioisomers, and mixtures thereof, which can be obtained in pure form by standard separation procedures known to those skilled in the art, and include, but are not limited to, column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
• certain compounds of the present invention may exist as geometrical isomers, for example E and Z isomers of alkenes.
• a compound of the present invention, 2-fluoro-11-piperazin-1-yl-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine can in theory exist in (E) or (Z) forms, however (E)-2-fluoro-11-piperazin-1-yl-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine has been the observed form.
• the invention nevertheless includes any geometrical isomer of a compound of the invention.
• aryl refers to an aromatic ring structure made up of from 5 to 14 carbon atoms. Ring structures containing 5, 6, 7, and 8 carbon atoms would be single-ring aromatic groups, for example, phenyl. Ring structures containing 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 would be a polycyclic moiety in which at least one carbon is common to any two adjoining rings therein (for example, the rings are “fused rings”), for example naphthyl.
• the aromatic ring can be substituted at one or more ring positions with such substituents as described above.
• aryl also includes polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings (the rings are “fused rings”) wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic, for example, the other cyclic rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls or cycloalkynyls.
• ortho, meta and para apply to 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-disubstituted benzenes, respectively.
• the names 1,2-dimethylbenzene and ortho-dimethylbenzene are synonymous.
• alkyl As used herein, “alkyl”, “alkylenyl” or “alkylene” used alone or as a suffix or prefix, is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or if a specified number of carbon atoms is provided then that specific number would be intended.
• C 1-6 alkyl denotes alkyl having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms.
• alkyl examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl, or any subset thereof.
• C 1-3 alkyl whether a terminal substituent or an alkylene (or alkylenyl) group linking two substituents, is understood to specifically include both branched and straight-chain methyl, ethyl, and propyl.
• alkoxy or “alkyloxy” represents an alkyl group as defined above with the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge.
• alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, isopentoxy, cyclopropylmethoxy, allyloxy, and propargyloxy, or any subset thereof.
• alkylthio or “thioalkoxy” represent an alkyl group as defined above with the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through a sulfur bridge.
• “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is associated with an acidic or basic counter ion.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those derived from mineral acids such as, for example: hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydroiodic acid, nitrous acid, and phosphorous acid.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may also be developed with organic acids including aliphatic mono dicarboxylates and aromatic acids.
• salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloride, sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, bisulfite, nitrate, phosphate, acetic, glycolic, lactic, pyruvic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, benzoic, hydroxybenzoic, phenylacetic, cinnamic, salicylic, 2-phenoxybenzoic, p-toluenesulfonic acid and other sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid and 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid.
• Compounds of the invention may include hydrates and solvates. It will also be understood that certain compounds of the present invention may exist in solvated, for example hydrated, as well as unsolvated forms. It will further be understood that the present invention encompasses all such solvated forms of the compounds of the invention.
• prodrugs that are prodrugs of a compound are convertible in vivo or in vitro into parent compound. Typically, at least one of the biological activities of compound will be reduced in the prodrug form of the compound, and can be activated by conversion of the prodrug to release the compound or a metabolite of it.
• Some prodrugs are esters of the active compound (e.g., a physiologically acceptable metabolically labile ester). During metabolism, the ester group (—C( ⁇ O)OR) is cleaved to yield the active drug.
• esters may be formed by esterification, for example, of any of the carboxylic acid groups (—C( ⁇ O)OH) in the parent compound, with, where appropriate, prior protection of any other reactive groups present in the parent compound, followed by deprotection if required.
• Examples of such metabolically labile esters include, but are not limited to, those of the formula —C( ⁇ O)OR wherein R is: C 1-7 alkyl (e.g., Me, Et, -nPr, -iPr, -nBu, -sBu, -iBu, tBu); C 1-7 -aminoalkyl (e.g., aminoethyl; 2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl; 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl); and acyloxy-C 1-7 alkyl (e.g., acyloxymethyl; acyloxyethyl; pivaloyloxymethyl; acetoxymethyl; 1-acetoxyethyl; 1-(1-methoxy-1-methyl)ethyl-carbonyloxyethyl; 1-(benzoyloxy)ethyl; isopropoxy-carbonyloxymethyl; 1-isopropoxy-carbonyloxyethy
• a compound of Formula I or Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a compound of Formula I or Formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered concurrently, simultaneously, sequentially or separately with another compound or compounds selected from the following:
• antidepressants such as, for example, amitriptyline, amoxapine, bupropion, citalopram, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, duloxetine, elzasonan, escitalopram, fluoxamine, fluoxetine, gepirone, imipramine, ipsapirone, maprotiline, nortriptyline, nefazodone, paroxetine, phenelzine, protriptyline, reboxetine, robaizotan, sertraline, sibutramine, thionisoxetine, tranylcypromaine, trazodone, trimipramine, venlafaxine, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• antidepressants such as, for example, amitriptyline, amoxapine, bupropion, citalopram, clomipramine, des
• atypical antipsychotics including, for example, quetiapine and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• antipsychotics including, for example, amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, benzisoxidil, bifeprunox, carbamazepine, clozapine, chlorpromazine, debenzapine, divalproex, duloxetine, eszopiclone, haloperidol, iloperidone, lamotrigine, loxapine, mesoridazine, olanzapine, paliperidone, perphenazine, phenothiazine, phenylbutlypiperidine, pimozide, prochlorperazine, risperidone, sertindole, sulpiride, suproclone, suriclone, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, trimetozine, valproate, valproic acid, zopiclone, zotepine, ziprasidone, and equivalent
• anxiolytics including, for example, alnespirone, azapirones, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof.
• Examplary anxiolytics include adinazolam, alprazolam, balezepam, bentazepam, bromazepam, brotizolam, buspirone, clonazepam, clorazepate, chlordiazepoxide, cyprazepam, diazepam, diphenhydramine, estazolam, fenobam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, fosazepam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, meprobamate, midazolam, nitrazepam, oxazepam, prazepam, quazepam, reclazepam, tracazolate,
• anticonvulsants including, for example, carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrogine, and gabapentin, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• Alzheimer's therapies including, for example, donepezil, memantine, tacrine, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• Parkinson's therapies including, for example, deprenyl, L-dopa, Requip, Mirapex, MAOB inhibitors such as selegine and rasagiline, comP inhibitors such as Tasmar, A-2 inhibitors, dopamine reuptake inhibitors, NMDA antagonists, Nicotine agonists, and Dopamine agonists and inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• migraine therapies including, for example, almotriptan, amantadine, bromocriptine, butalbital, cabergoline, dichloralphenazone, eletriptan, frovatriptan, lisuride, naratriptan, pergolide, pramipexole, rizatriptan, ropinirole, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, and zomitriptan, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• (ix) stroke therapies including, for example, abciximab, activase, citicoline, crobenetine, desmoteplase, repinotan, traxoprodil, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• urinary incontinence therapies including, for example, darafenacin, falvoxate, oxybutynin, propiverine, robalzotan, solifenacin, and tolterodine, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• neuropathic pain therapies including, for example, gabapentin, lidoderm, and pregablin, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• nociceptive pain therapies such as, for example, celecoxib, etoricoxib, lumiracoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, diclofenac, loxoprofen, naproxen, and paracetamol, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• insomnia therapies including, for example, allobarbital, alonimid, amobarbital, benzoctamine, butabarbital, capuride, chloral, cloperidone, clorethate, dexclamol, ethchlorvynol, etomidate, glutethimide, halazepam, hydroxyzine, mecloqualone, melatonin, mephobarbital, methaqualone, midaflur, nisobamate, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, propofol, roletamide, triclofos, secobarbital, zaleplon, and zolpidem, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• mood stabilizers including, for example, carbamazepine, divalproex, gabapentin, lamotrigine, lithium, olanzapine, quetiapine, valproate, valproic acid, and verapamil, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• (xv) 5HT 1B ligands such as, for example, compounds disclosed in WO99/05134, WO02/08212;
• mGluR2 agonists such as, for example, (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, (2S,3S,4S)alpha-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine, and 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine or mGluR2 modulators such as those described in WO2004092135, WO2006071730, WO2008100715, WO2008150232 and WO2008150233;
• alpha 7 nicotinic agonists such as, for example, compounds disclosed in WO96/006098, WO97/030998, WO99/003859, WO00/042044, WO01/029034, WO01/160821, WO01/136417, WO02/096912, WO03/087102, WO03/087103, WO03/087104, WO04/016617, WO04/016616, and WO04/019947;
• (xix) delta opioid agonists such as, for example, compounds disclosed in WO97/23466 and WO02/094794;
• Such combination products can employ a compound of Formula I or Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, within the dosage range described herein and the other pharmaceutically active agent within approved dosage ranges and/or the dosage such as described in the publication reference.
• the appropriate dose regimen, the amount of each dose of an active agent administered, and the specific intervals between doses of each active agent will depend upon the subject being treated, the specific active agent being administered and the nature and severity of the specific disorder or condition being treated.
• compositions are intended to include the formulation of the active component or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and optionally other ingredients.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid.
• compositions can be formulated by means known in the art into the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, aqueous or oily solutions, suspensions, emulsions, creams, ointments, gels, nasal sprays, suppositories, finely divided powders or aerosols or nebulisers for inhalation, and for parenteral use (including intravenous, intramuscular or infusion) sterile aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions or sterile emulsions.
• Liquid form compositions include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.
• Sterile water or water-propylene glycol solutions of the active compounds may be mentioned as an example of liquid preparations suitable for parenteral administration.
• Liquid compositions can also be formulated in solution in aqueous polyethylene glycol solution.
• Aqueous solutions for oral administration can be prepared by dissolving the active component in water and adding suitable colorants, flavoring agents, stabilizers, and thickening agents as desired.
• Aqueous suspensions for oral use can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water together with a viscous material such as natural synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and other suspending agents known to the pharmaceutical formulation art.
• Solid form compositions include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets, and suppositories.
• a solid carrier can be one or more substances that may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, or tablet disintegrating agents; it can also be an encapsulating material.
• the carrier is a finely divided solid, which is in a mixture with the finely divided active component.
• the active component is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
• a low-melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides and cocoa butter is first melted and the active ingredient is dispersed therein by, for example, stirring. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds and allowed to cool and solidify.
• Suitable carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, lactose, sugar, pectin, dextrin, starch, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, a low-melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like.
• composition is also intended to include the formulation of the active component with encapsulating material as a carrier providing a capsule in which the active component (with or without other carriers) is surrounded by a carrier which is, thus, in association with it. Similarly, cachets are included.
• the pharmaceutical compositions can be in unit dosage form.
• the composition is divided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component.
• the unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of the preparations, for example, packeted tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampoules.
• the unit dosage form can also be a capsule, cachet, or tablet itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these packaged forms. Methods of preparing dosage forms are disclosed in, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 15th Edition, 1975.
• compositions may be formulated for any suitable route and means of administration.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents include those used in formulations suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal, epidural, intraperitoneally, intrathoracically, intracerebroventricularly, and by injection into the joints) administration.
• the formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy.
• a particular amount of a compound of Formula I or Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered in an amount that ranges from about 0.25 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg. More particularly, it is contemplated that a patient may be treated with about 0.25 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg of 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a patient suffering with bipolar disorder may be treated with about 0.25 mg/kg to about 0.5 mg/kg of 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a patient suffering with a depressive phase of bipolar disorder may be treated with a lower amount in the range of about 0.25 mg/kg to about 0.5 mg/kg of 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof whereas a patient suffering with a manic phase of bipolar disorder may be treated with a higher amount in the range of about 0.25 mg/kg to about 0.5 mg/kg of 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the amount of active ingredient that is combined with one or more excipients to produce a single dosage form will necessarily vary depending upon the host treated and the particular route of administration.
• the size of the therapeutically effective dose for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes of the active compound(s) will naturally vary from the guidance provided herein according to the nature and severity of the symptoms or conditions, the age and sex of the animal or patient and the route of administration, according to well known principles of medicine. A clinician may readily determine the effective amount by using numerous methods already known in the art and all such effective amounts are contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention.
• a compound of Formula I or Formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a mammal, afflicted with at least one symptom or condition associated with a Psychiatric Disorder.
• the Psychiatric Disorder includes, but is not limited to: 1) Anxiety Disorders including, but not limited to, Panic Disorder Without Agoraphobia, Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia, Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder, Specific Phobia, Social Phobia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition; 2) Mood Disorders including, but not limited to, a) Depressive Disorders including, but not limited to, Major Depressive Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder, and b) Bipolar Depression and/or Bipolar mania including, but not limited to, Bipolar I Disorder including, but not limited to, those with manic, depressive or mixed episodes, and Bipolar II Disorder, c) Cyclothymic Disorder, and d) Mood Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition; and 3) Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders including, but not limited to, Psychotic Disorder, Schiz
• DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Association, 2000, herein referred to as “DSM-IV”.
• Bipolar I Disorder including, but not limited to, those with depressive, manic, or mixed episodes, and Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Mood Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition; and Schizophrenia comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.
• methods of treating Bipolar Disorders including, but not limited to, those with depressive, manic, or mixed episodes, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I wherein Z is H, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.
• the symptoms and conditions include, but are not limited to, anxiety, agitation, hostility, panic, an eating disorder, an affective symptom, a mood symptom, a negative and positive psychotic symptom commonly associated with psychosis and neurodegenerative disorders.
• a compound of Formula I is delivered to a mammal by administering a pro-drug of 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Non-limiting examples of such prodrugs can be found in embodiments in the current application when Z is —C( ⁇ O)—R 1 , —C( ⁇ O)OR 1 , —C( ⁇ O)OCH 2 , —CH(R 1 )—NHC( ⁇ O)R 2 , —C( ⁇ O)OCHR 2 OC( ⁇ O)R 3 , —CR 1 ⁇ CR 2 or —CH ⁇ CHC( ⁇ O)R 4 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently at each occurrence alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl or are as further described herein.
• treating within the context of the present invention encompasses the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention to mitigate or inhibit either a pre-existing disease state, acute or chronic, or a recurring symptom or condition. Also encompassed are prophylactic therapies for prevention of recurring conditions and continued therapy for chronic disorders.
• mammal refers to any warm-blooded animal, such as a human. In some embodiments, the mammal is in need of treatment because it is suffering from or prone to developing one or more of the symptoms, diseases, or disorders mentioned herein.
• administering includes administering the pharmaceutically active ingredient or a pro-drug thereof, which may convert upon administration to the pharmaceutically active ingredient.
• One expected benefit of administering 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is the lesser incidence of at least one potential side effect such as, for example, somnolence, sedation, a cardiovascular side effect, or a side effect associated with D2 antagonists (e.g., movement disorders). It is further expected that prodrugs of 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine or its pharmaceutically acceptable will provide a reduction in at least one gastrointestinal side effect.
• treatment with 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof will provide beneficial improvement by providing a compound having potent inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter (NET), moderate D2 receptor antagonism and reduced affinity at secondary targets (e.g., H1 or M1) relative to NET for treating Bipolar and related Mood conditions classified in DSM-IV codes 296 and the subdivisions thereof.
• NET norepinephrine transporter
• secondary targets e.g., H1 or M1
• treatment with 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof will be useful for treating Schizophrenic conditions classified in DSM-IV codes 295 and the subdivisions thereof.
• compounds of Formula I, and particularly treatment with 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof will be useful for treating Schizophrenic conditions however such conditions are classified in the future in DSM-V.
• R 5 is NH 2 or NO 2 and R 6 is H or C 1-4 alkyl.
• R 5 is NH 2 and R 6 is H, methyl or ethyl.
• Scheme A shows one method of preparing 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine (VI).
• 5-fluoro-2-mercapto-benzoic acid ethyl ester may be reacted with 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene to form 5-fluoro-2-(2-nitro-phenylsulfanyl)-benzoic acid ethyl ester; the ethyl ester may be converted to 5-fluoro-2-(2-amino-phenylsulfanyl)-benzoic acid ethyl ester; the aminophenyl compound may be cyclized to form 2-fluoro-10H-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11-one, that may be converted to 11-chloro-2-fluoro-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine, and that may be then reacted with piperazine to form the title compound.
• a suspension of nickel bromide (5 mmol, 1.09 g), bipyridyl (5 mmol, 0.78 g) and zinc dust (200 mmol, 13.08 g) in 200 mL dry acetonitrile was magnetically stirred, treated with 2,2′-disulfanediyldianiline (52 mmol, 12.92 g) and heated in an oil bath set at 75° C. for 30 min after reaching maximum internal temperature. At the end of this period the reaction mixture was treated with 2-bromo-5-fluorobenzoic acid (100 mmol, 21.90 g) in portions and stirred at 75° C. for 1 h and the oil bath was removed.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to the room temperature, transferred to a 1-neck flask and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the resulting dark solid was suspended in 200 mL of methanol, cooled in ice and was treated with 100 mL of trifluoro acetic acid by adding through a dropping funnel.
• the resulting dark solution was stirred for 30 min until all the gas evolution stopped and filtered through a 3 cm pad of diatomous earth and the filtration pad was washed using a total of 400 mL methanol.
• the resulting gray suspension was refluxed for 1.5 h, cooled to the room temperature and stirred for 16 h and filtered to get a solid.
• the filtrate was evaporated and the resulting foam was treated with 300 mL 15% ammonium chloride solution and 500 mL ethyl acetate.
• the suspension was treated with solid sodium bicarbonate until pH 6-7 (16.8 g, 20 mmol).
• the resulting white suspension was stirred for 1 h and filtered.
• the solid residue was washed with 500 mL ethyl acetate.
• the organic layer from the filtrate was separated from the aqueous layer, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to yield an oil which was suspended in 200 mL ether, stirred for 1 h, filtered and the solid was washed with 100 mL ether.
• 2-Fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine may be prepared from 2-fluorodibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11(10H)-one as described in Steps 4 and 5 of the process of Example 1a.
• Scheme C shows another contemplated method of preparing 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine.
• 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene may be reacted with 4-fluorobenzenethiol in the presence of a base to form 1-nitro-2-phenylsulfanyl-(4-fluorobenzene).
• the nitrofluorobenzene may be reduced to 1-amino-2-phenylsulfanyl-(4-fluorobenzene) which can converted (for example, as shown) to [2-(4-fluoro-phenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid phenyl ester.
• Such an ester may be cyclized as shown to form 2-fluoro-10H-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11-one, that may be converted to 11-chloro-2-fluoro-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine, which can then be reacted with piperazine to form the title compound.
• Scheme D shows yet another contemplated method of preparing 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine.
• 2-aminobenzenethiol may be reacted with 2,5-difluoro-benzoic acid methyl ester to form a 2-[(E)-2-amino-1-eth-(E)-ylidene-but-2-enylsulfanyl]-5-fluoro-benzoic acid methyl ester intermediate that can be converted by treatment with alkali to 2-[(E)-2-amino-1-eth-(E)-ylidene-but-2-enylsulfanyl]-5-fluoro-benzoic acid.
• the benzoic acid can be cyclized to form 2-fluoro-10H-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11-one, that may be converted to 11-chloro-2-fluoro-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine, that may be further reacted with piperazine to form the title compound.
• the compound of Formula I where Z is —C( ⁇ O)R 1 and R 1 is methyl was prepared as follows. To a solution of 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine VI (see Scheme A) (0.05 g, 0.16 mmol) and triethylamine (0.05 mL, 0.32 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added acetyl chloride (0.02 mL, 0.32 mmol) dropwise at 0° C. under nitrogen. After stirring the mixture at 0° C. for 1 hour, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
• the compound of Formula I where Z is —C( ⁇ O)OR 6 and R 6 is ethyl was prepared as follows. To a solution of 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine VI (see Scheme A) (0.05 g, 0.16 mmol) and triethylamine (0.05 mL, 0.32 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added ethyl carbonochloridate (ethyl chloroformate) (0.03 mL, 0.32 mmol) dropwise at 0° C. under nitrogen. After stirring the mixture at 0° C. for 1 hour, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
• the compound of Formula I where Z is —C( ⁇ O)OR 6 and R 6 is benzyl was prepared as follows. To a solution of 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine VI (see Scheme A) (0.05 g, 0.16 mmol) and triethylamine (0.05 mL, 0.32 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added benzyl carbonochloridate (benzyl chloroformate) (0.03 mL, 0.32 mmol) dropwise at 0° C. under nitrogen. After stirring the mixture at 0° C. for 1 hour, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
• CHO-K1 cells stably transfected with the dopamine D2s receptor can be used in the experiments and maintained in Ham's F12 culture medium supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 10% FBS, and 500 ⁇ g/ml Hygromycin.
• test compounds can be determined on membranes from D2s-transfected CHO cells (B max 13 pmol/mg protein).
• An assay can use a standard 96-well glass-fiber filter plate to retain radioligand bound by the receptor.
• Retained 3 H can be determined in a TopCount scintillation plate counter following the addition of a liquid scintillant to each well.
• Compounds can be evaluated for their potency using competition curve analysis, resulting in calculated K i values.
• GTPgS assay can be performed substantially as described by Lazareno, Methods in Molecular Biology, 1999, 106, 231-245.
• Antagonist activity of compounds can be determined by the ability of test compounds to block dopamine-stimulated [ 35 S]-GTP ⁇ S binding to cell membranes from D2s stably-transfected CHO cells.
• this method was carried out generally as described therein, with 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine, one average result obtained showed a GTP ⁇ S IC 50 at about 404 nM.
• D-Amphetamine-induced Hyperlocomotor Activity in a Habituated Rat Model can be assessed in male Long Evans rats using a paradigm that includes a habituation phase followed by administration of 1 mg/kg D-amphetamine. Animals can be allowed to acclimatize to the testing room for 1 hour before being weighed and placed into activity chambers. Thirty minutes after LMA measurement is begun, animals can be briefly removed, dosed via the sub-cutaneous route (s.c.) with vehicle or test drug at different doses and returned to the chambers.
• s.c. sub-cutaneous route
• mice can again be removed and dosed with vehicle or D-amphetamine at 1 mg/kg (s.c.).
• LMA can be assessed for a further 60 minutes.
• Haloperidol 0.1 mg/kg dissolved in H 2 O
• Statistical analysis can be made of total distance traveled after D-amphetamine administration using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis where appropriate. All values can be expressed as Mean and SD.
• 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine showed activity at 30 mg/kg and at 60 mg/kg (sc).
• Male Long-Evans rats can be trained to traverse to the opposite side of a standard shuttle cage following presentation of an auditory and visual stimulus to avoid delivery of electric shock to the floor of the cage. Daily sessions can consist of up to 80 trials. If a shock is delivered, animals have the opportunity to escape the shock by traversing to the opposite side of the cage. Drug can be administered (via s.c. or p.o. route) 60 minutes prior to testing and the percentage of trials in which shock is avoided and escaped can be recorded. When this method was carried out generally as described therein, 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine showed activity at 30 mg/kg and at 60 mg/kg (sc).
• test compounds can be evaluated in an 11-point IC 50 curve for their ability to inhibit uptake of a proprietary fluorescent substrate (dye) from Molecular Devices that mimics biogenic amine neurotransmitters.
• a proprietary fluorescent substrate (dye) from Molecular Devices that mimics biogenic amine neurotransmitters.
• Dye a proprietary fluorescent substrate from Molecular Devices that mimics biogenic amine neurotransmitters.
• a stable population of HEK293F cells transfected with the human norepinephrine transporter cultured in Freestyle 293 expression medium with 75 mg/ml hygromycin B
• Cells can be at 60 K/well; dye can be 7% (final) of the vendor-recommended reconstitution volume (100%).
• Compounds can be diluted 1:20 in buffer and incubated with the cells for 30 minutes prior to addition of the dye.
• fluorescence intensity assay plates can be read after a 20 minute dye incubation to determine percent effect with respect to total signal (0.5% DMSO, final) and background signal (10 ⁇ M desipramine, final).
• the IC 50 half of the control response, can be converted to K i using the using the standard Cheng-Prusoff equation.
• this method was carried out generally as described herein with 2-fluoro-11-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine, one average result obtained showed NET inhibition K i at about 10 nM.
• H1 Receptor Binding The H1 receptor binding method can be carried out in accordance with De Backer et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 1993, 197(3), 1601. When this method was carried out generally as described therein with 2-fluoro-1′-(piperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine, one average result obtained showed H1 binding K i at about 7.1 nM.

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  • 2011-10-06 HK HK11110535.8A patent/HK1156308A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2012
  • 2012-04-12 US US13/445,347 patent/US8653257B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2013
  • 2013-03-19 HR HRP20130234AT patent/HRP20130234T1/hr unknown
  • 2013-03-22 CY CY20131100246T patent/CY1113845T1/el unknown
  • 2013-11-21 IL IL229560A patent/IL229560A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2014
  • 2014-01-27 JP JP2014011979A patent/JP2014098006A/ja active Pending

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