US20090175810A1 - Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail - Google Patents

Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090175810A1
US20090175810A1 US12/006,531 US653108A US2009175810A1 US 20090175810 A1 US20090175810 A1 US 20090175810A1 US 653108 A US653108 A US 653108A US 2009175810 A1 US2009175810 A1 US 2009175810A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
pharmaceutical composition
nail
composition
alcohol
triazole
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US12/006,531
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English (en)
Inventor
Gareth Winckle
Gregory T. Fieldson
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Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences Inc
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US12/006,531 priority Critical patent/US20090175810A1/en
Assigned to DOW PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, INC. reassignment DOW PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FIELDSON, GREGORY T., WINCKLE, GARETH
Priority to AU2008343795A priority patent/AU2008343795B2/en
Priority to BRPI0822162A priority patent/BRPI0822162B8/pt
Priority to MX2010007230A priority patent/MX2010007230A/es
Priority to EP14195969.2A priority patent/EP2853274B1/en
Priority to CA2706114A priority patent/CA2706114C/en
Priority to ES08868777.7T priority patent/ES2532133T3/es
Priority to KR1020107015487A priority patent/KR20100108555A/ko
Priority to JP2010541438A priority patent/JP5623913B2/ja
Priority to ARP080105789A priority patent/AR070083A1/es
Priority to CN2008801237873A priority patent/CN101909634A/zh
Priority to PCT/US2008/014107 priority patent/WO2009085314A1/en
Priority to RU2010131966/15A priority patent/RU2519664C2/ru
Priority to EP08868777.7A priority patent/EP2234621B1/en
Priority to HK11100778.5A priority patent/HK1146894B/en
Priority to PL08868777T priority patent/PL2234621T3/pl
Publication of US20090175810A1 publication Critical patent/US20090175810A1/en
Assigned to GOLDMAN SACHS LENDING PARTNERS LLC, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment GOLDMAN SACHS LENDING PARTNERS LLC, AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: ATON PHARMA, INC., CORIA LABORATORIES, LTD., DOW PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, INC., VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS INTERNATIONAL, VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS NORTH AMERICA
Assigned to VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS INTERNATIONAL, VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS NORTH AMERICA, ATON PHARMA, INC., DOW PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, INC., CORIA LABORATORIES, LTD. reassignment VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS INTERNATIONAL PATENT SECURITY RELEASE AGREEMENT Assignors: GOLDMAN SACHS LENDING PARTNERS LLC
Assigned to GOLDMAN SACHS LENDING PARTNERS LLC, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment GOLDMAN SACHS LENDING PARTNERS LLC, AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: ATON PHARMA, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, CORIA LABORATORIES, LTD., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, DOW PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, PRESTWICK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, VALEANT BIOMEDICALS, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS INTERNATIONAL, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS NORTH AMERICA LLC, A DELAWARE LLC
Priority to AU2013204596A priority patent/AU2013204596A1/en
Priority to JP2014193737A priority patent/JP5872656B2/ja
Assigned to BARCLAYS BANK PLC, AS SUCCESSOR AGENT reassignment BARCLAYS BANK PLC, AS SUCCESSOR AGENT NOTICE OF SUCCESSION OF AGENCY Assignors: GOLDMAN SACHS LENDING PARTNERS, LLC
Priority to US14/755,699 priority patent/US9566272B2/en
Priority to US15/332,909 priority patent/US9877955B2/en
Priority to AU2016277570A priority patent/AU2016277570B2/en
Priority to US15/849,414 priority patent/US10512640B2/en
Priority to US16/722,715 priority patent/US11213519B2/en
Priority to US17/561,198 priority patent/US11872218B2/en
Assigned to BAUSCH HEALTH, CANADA INC. / SANTE BAUSCH, CANADA INC., SALIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., VRX HOLDCO LLC, BAUSCH HEALTH HOLDCO LIMITED, BAUSCH & LOMB MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V., BAUSCH+LOMB OPS B.V., PRECISION DERMATOLOGY, INC., 1261229 B.C. LTD., SANTARUS, INC., BAUSCH HEALTH AMERICAS, INC., MEDICIS PHARMACEUTICAL CORPORATION, ORAPHARMA, INC., BAUSCH HEALTH IRELAND LIMITED (F/K/A/ VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS IRELAND LIMITED), BAUSCH HEALTH US, LLC, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, 1530065 B.C. LTD., PRZEDSIEBIORSTWO FARMACEUTYCZNE JELFA SPOLKA AKCYJNA (A/K/A PRZEDSIEBIORSTWO FARMACEUTYCZNE JELFA S.A.), HUMAX PHARMACEUTICAL S.A., SOLTA MEDICAL DUTCH HOLDINGS B.V., SOLTA MEDICAL IRELAND LIMITED, BAUSCH HEALTH COMPANIES INC., V-BAC HOLDING CORP., SOLTA MEDICAL, INC., BAUSCH HEALTH MAGYARORSZAG KFT (A/K/A BAUSCH HEALTH HUNGARY LLC), ICN POLFA RZESZOW SPOLKA AKCYJNA (A/K/A ICN POLFA RZESZOW S.A.), BAUSCH HEALTH POLAND SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA (F/K/A VALEANT PHARMA POLAND SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA) reassignment BAUSCH HEALTH, CANADA INC. / SANTE BAUSCH, CANADA INC. RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Assignors: BARCLAYS BANK PLC, AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
    • A61K8/496—Triazoles or their condensed derivatives, e.g. benzotriazoles

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to the field of treatment of diseases of the nail and nail bed.
  • the invention pertains to methods for treatment of disorders such as onychomycosis or psoriasis involving the nails.
  • Onychomycosis a fungal disease of the nail unit caused by yeasts, dermatophytes, or other molds, accounts for approximately 50% of all nail disorders in humans. In about 80% of onychomycosis cases, the toenails are infected, whereas in the remaining 20%, the fingernails are infected. The symptoms of this disease include split, thickened, hardened, and rough nail plates.
  • nail psoriasis Another common disorder of nails is nail psoriasis, which affects up to 50% of patients with psoriasis.
  • Characteristic nail psoriasis symptoms include pitting, which appears as punctuated or irregularly shaped depressions arranged on the surface of the body of the nail; discoloration of the nail bed; onycholysis or detachment of the body of the nail from the nail bed; subungual keratosis; or anomalies of the body of the nail.
  • diseases and disorders involving the nails in humans and in other animals include onychia, onychocryptosis, onychodystrophy, onychogryposis, onycholysis, onychomadesis, onychophosis, onychoptosis, paronychia, koilonychia, subungual hematoma, and laminitis.
  • the nail plate is thick, hard, and dense, and represents a daunting barrier to drug penetration.
  • nail material is similar in various ways to the stratum corneum of the skin, the nail is composed primarily of hard keratin which is highly disulfide-linked and is approximately 100-fold thicker than stratum corneum.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the in vitro penetration of KP-103 through skin from a formulation of the invention and from three prior art formulations.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the in vitro penetration of KP-103 through nail tissue from a formulation of the invention and from three prior art formulations.
  • a pharmaceutical composition containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), a solvent, referred to herein as the “vehicle” or the “volatile vehicle”, a wetting agent which may or may not be the same compound as the vehicle, and a non-volatile solvent which has limited water miscibility provides enhanced penetration of the API into and through an intact nail.
  • the composition of the invention is free of film forming polymeric compounds. It is conceived that such compositions may be used to deliver an API in order to treat medical conditions involving the nail and/or the underlying nail bed.
  • the invention is a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of disorders of the nail or nail bed.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention contains a volatile and/or penetrating vehicle, a non-volatile solvent that is dissolved, suspended, dispersed, or emulsified within the vehicle, an API that is soluble in the non-volatile solvent and/or a mixture of the vehicle and the non-volatile solvent and is optionally soluble in the vehicle, and a wetting agent, which may or may not be the vehicle itself.
  • the invention is a pharmaceutical formulation for delivery of an API to the nail or nail bed in order to treat disorders of this area.
  • the formulation contains a volatile and/or penetrating vehicle, a non-volatile solvent that is dissolved, suspended, dispersed, or emulsified within the vehicle, and a wetting agent, which may or may not be the vehicle itself.
  • the API that is to be used with the formulation of the invention is one that is soluble in the non-volatile solvent and/or a mixture of the vehicle and the non-volatile solvent and is optionally soluble in the vehicle alone.
  • the invention is a method for treating a disorder of the nail or nail bed.
  • a pharmaceutical composition containing a volatile and/or penetrating vehicle, a non-volatile solvent that is dissolved, suspended, dispersed, or emulsified within the vehicle, an API that is soluble in the non-volatile solvent and/or a mixture of the vehicle and the non-volatile solvent and is optionally soluble in the vehicle alone, and a wetting agent, which may or may not be the vehicle itself, is topically applied to the surface of a nail that is suffering from a disorder in an amount and for a time sufficient to ameliorate the symptoms of the disorder.
  • volatile when referring to the vehicle means that the vehicle is a compound that evaporates from the surface of the nail when applied.
  • Volatile vehicles are compounds which have a measurable vapor pressure, and preferably are compounds that have a vapor pressure of greater than 100 Pa at room temperature.
  • volatile vehicles include: acetone, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-butanol, cyclomethicone-4, cyclomethicone-5, cyclomethicone-6, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-heptane, isobutanol, isopropyl alcohol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol.
  • the term “penetrating” when referring to the vehicle means that the vehicle is a compound that rapidly penetrates into a nail when applied to the surface of the nail so that, after 10 minutes following the application of a thin layer of the vehicle onto the surface of a nail, no more than 10% of the applied amount remains on the nail surface.
  • the term “penetrating” thus includes both volatile and non-volatile vehicles.
  • compositions of Pitre and Mallard that may be used to treat medical conditions of the nail in accordance with the present invention may contain Vitamin D as the API as disclosed in Pitre or clobetasol as disclosed in Mallard, or may contain other APIs in place of, or in addition to, these APIs, as disclosed herein.
  • the API of the composition of the invention is one that is useful in the treatment of a disorder of the nail or nail bed.
  • the API is soluble in the solvent of the composition and/or in the combination of the solvent and vehicle of the composition.
  • suitable APIs include anti-inflammatory agents, antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics and antifungal agents, anesthetic agents, steroidal agents, vitamins and derivatives thereof, anti-psoriatic drugs, and analgesic agents.
  • the API of the composition of the invention is an antifungal chemical compound, particularly those effective in the treatment of onychomycosis.
  • suitable antifungal agents include polyene antimycotic agents such as natamycin, rimocidin, filipin, nystatin, and amphotericin B; imidazole compounds such as miconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, bifonazole, butoconazole, fenticonazole, isoconazole, oxiconazole, sertaconazole, suconazole, and tioconazole; triazole compounds such as fluconazole, itraconazole, ravuconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, (2R,3R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(4-methylenepiperidine-1-yl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole
  • antifungal compound suitable for pharmaceutical use in humans or mammals and particularly those which are active in vitro against Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum or Trichophyton mentagrophytes , is suitable for the API of the invention.
  • antifungal APIs that have relatively low binding to keratin, such as triazole compounds like KP-103.
  • APIs that are suitable for the composition of the invention include those that are effective in treating diseases and disorders of nails other than onychomycosis, especially those diseases and disorders affecting tissues deep to the external surface of the nail, such as the internal portion of the nail, the deep nail surface adjacent to the nail bed, and the nail bed.
  • diseases and disorders may include onychia, onychocryptosis, onychodystrophy, onychogryposis, onycholysis, onychomadesis, onychophosis, onychoptosis, paronychia, koilonychia, subungual hematoma, and laminitis.
  • the vehicle of the composition of the invention is a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle in which the constituents of the composition of the invention can be dissolved, suspended, disbursed, or emulsified.
  • the constituents of the composition may be all within a single phase in the vehicle.
  • the API, wetting agent, and the non-volatile phase may be dissolved in the vehicle.
  • the constituents may occupy separate phases within the vehicle.
  • the API may be dissolved in the vehicle and the other constituents may be suspended, dispersed, or emulsified in solvent.
  • the API may be dissolved in the solvent which is suspended, dispersed, or emulsified in the vehicles, with the remaining constituents being dissolved in either the vehicle or the solvent.
  • the API, wetting agent, and non-volatile phase are all miscible in the vehicle.
  • Suitable vehicles include one or more of water, alcohols, polyols, ethers, esters, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and fatty esters.
  • suitable vehicles include ethanol; 3-propanediol; 1,2-butanediol; 1,2,3-propanetriol; 1,3-butanediol; 1,4-butanediol; isopropyl alcohol; and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
  • the vehicle is an alcohol, and most preferably a linear or branched aliphatic lower alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, or isopropanol.
  • the wetting agent of the composition of the invention is a chemical compound that reduces the surface tension of liquid compositions and that does not build viscosity.
  • the wetting agent may be a surfactant, which may be anionic, cationic, or non-ionic.
  • cyclic volatile silicones include polydimethylcyclosiloxanes, generally known as cyclomethicones. Particular examples of cyclic volatile silicones include cyclopentasiloxane, cyclotetrasiloxane, decylmethylcyclopentasiloxane, and octylmethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Examples of linear volatile silicones include linear polysiloxanes. Particular examples of linear volatile silicones include hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, and dimethicones.
  • a single compound forms both the vehicle and the wetting agent of the composition.
  • the vehicle may be a volatile silicone.
  • the volatile silicone may also be the wetting agent of the composition.
  • the concentration of the wetting agent in the composition is sufficiently high to function as a vehicle in which all other components of the composition are dissolved, suspended, dispersed, or emulsified.
  • the non-volatile solvent of the composition is a non-aqueous solvent that may or may not be soluble or miscible in the vehicle of the composition.
  • the API of the composition is preferably, but not necessarily, soluble in the non-volatile solvent.
  • the non-volatile solvent is a polar or semi-polar molecule.
  • the non-volatile solvent is non-polar.
  • non-volatile solvents for hydrophobic drugs are disclosed in Pitre, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/432,410 in paragraphs 0069 to 0082, which paragraphs are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the non-volatile solvent may be an ester of the formula RCO—OR′, wherein R and R′ may be identical or different and each of R and R′ represents a linear or branched chain of an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, or alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl radical having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • the non-volatile solvent may be a glyceryl ester of a fatty acid, such as fatty esters of natural fatty acids or triglycerides of animal or plant origin.
  • the non-volatile solvent may be a fatty acid glyceride, including synthetic or semi-synthetic glyceryl esters, such as fatty acid mono-, di-, or triglycerides, which are oils or fats.
  • the non-volatile solvent may be a non-volatile hydrocarbon, such as paraffins, isoparaffins, and mineral oil.
  • the non-volatile solvent may be a guerbet ester.
  • the non-volatile solvent may be a non-volatile silicone, provided that the presence of the non-volatile silicone in the composition does not result in the formation of a hard polymeric film upon application of the composition onto a nail.
  • non-film forming silicones include polyorganosiloxane compounds that have the formula [R 1 SiOR 2 ] n wherein n>6 and R 1 and R 2 are alkyl groups that may be the same or different, and which compound may or may not have a measurable vapor pressure under ambient conditions.
  • non-volatile solvents for hydrophobic drugs in addition to those disclosed in Pitre include squalane, dibutyl sebacate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl strearate, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, oleic acid, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, mixed C12-15 alkyl lactates, diisopropyl adipate, octyldodecanol, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauryl benzoate, myristyl benzoate, mixed C12 15 alkyl benzoates, benzyl benzoate, tridecyl neopentanoate, spermaceti, petrolatum, and alpha terpineol.
  • non-volatile solvents for hydrophilic drugs include diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, n-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl lactate, hexylene glycol, glycerol, benzyl alcohol and glycerol triacetate.
  • composition of the invention may contain additional optional components, such as wetting agents, preservatives, stabilizers, lubricants, humectants, moisture regulators, foaming agents, binders, pH regulators, osmotic pressure modifiers, emulsifiers, antioxidants, colors, fragrances, or odor maskers.
  • additional nail modifiers or penetration enhancers such as urea, propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, and glycolic acid.
  • the composition is intended to remain in a liquid or semi-solid state after application to the nail and does not form a hard lacquer, shell, or film on the nail following application, which occurs by a process of solvent casting following evaporation of a volatile solvent which leaves behind a solid residue that forms the lacquer, shell or film. Therefore, it is preferred that the components of the composition are miscible in the composition and also are miscible in the “secondary” composition that remains after the volatile vehicle has evaporated or penetrated the nail. It is also suitable for the components of the composition, other than the vehicle, to be suspendible, dispersible, or emulsifiable, in the secondary composition, such as in the non-volatile solvent.
  • composition of the invention may be prepared in any number of forms, such as ointments, creams, milks, salves, impregnated pads, solutions, tinctures, liniments, liquids, sprays, foams, suspensions, lotions, or patches.
  • the composition may be formulated to provide for immediate or controlled release of the API from the composition.
  • concentration of the various essential and optional components of the composition of the invention will vary, depending on the particular components contained in the composition, the form of the composition, the particular disease or condition that is to be treated with the composition, and whether the formulation is for immediate or for controlled release.
  • the API of the composition is at a concentration that is effective to treat a disorder or disease of the nail or nail bed.
  • concentration of the API will constitute between 0.0001 to 30% or higher by weight of the composition.
  • the concentration of the wetting agent in the composition may vary depending on several factors, including the identity of the wetting agent and whether the wetting agent is also the vehicle of the composition. Generally, the concentration of the wetting agent, such as a volatile silicone, will be between 0.001% to 95% by weight of the composition. Preferably, the concentration of the wetting agent is between 5% and 80%, more preferably between 7% and 60%, and most preferably between 10% and 40% w/w of the composition. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the concentration of wetting agent in the composition is between 10% and 15% w/w. In the case where the wetting agent is not functioning as a vehicle of the composition, the concentration of wetting agent in the composition will generally be towards the lower end of the above range of concentration, such as between 0.001% and 10%.
  • the concentration of the non-volatile solvent will constitute between 5 and 90% w/w of the composition. Generally, with less viscous forms of the compositions, lower concentrations of non-volatile phase will be present, and with more viscous forms, higher concentrations of the non-volatile phase will be used. Also, ointment and other predominately oil-based compositions tend to have a higher concentration of non-volatile phase or components than do compositions such as sprays, gels, and lotions and so will have a higher concentration of a non-volatile solvent. Typical concentrations of non-volatile solvent are between 10 and 80%, with preferred concentrations being between 12 and 60%, and most preferred concentrations between 15 and 50% w/w.
  • the concentration of the vehicle will be that which is sufficient to dissolve, suspend, disperse, or emulsify the other components of the composition. In many but not all cases, the concentration of the vehicle will be higher than that of any other constituent of the composition. In some cases, the concentration of the vehicle will be higher than that of the combined concentration of the other constituents of the composition. In a preferred embodiment in which the vehicle is an alcohol, the composition will contain at least 10% alcohol, more typically at least 15% alcohol, and most typically at least 25% alcohol. The concentration of alcohol in the composition may be as high as 80%, or higher. In one preferred embodiment, the concentration of alcohol is at least 50% w/w of the composition.
  • the composition of the invention is an alcoholic composition containing a volatile silicone.
  • the ratio of alcohol to volatile silicone in the composition % w/w is at least 2:3, preferably at least 1:1, more preferably at least 2:1, and most preferably at least 3:1.
  • the concentration of the volatile silicone in the composition is less than 25% w/w.
  • the concentration of the alcohol in the composition is at least 40%, more preferably at least 45%, and most preferably at least 50% w/w.
  • the composition of the invention may be made so as to encompass any one, two, or all three of the embodiments described above. It has been determined that, when applied to the surface of a nail, the alcoholic composition of the invention containing a volatile silicone provides a high degree of penetration of an API contained therein into the nail.
  • compositions of the invention may be used to treat various diseases and disorders of the skin or mucous membranes, they are most advantageously used to treat conditions involving the nails of the hands or feet.
  • the compositions and methods of the invention provide increased penetration of API in the composition into and through the nail and to the nail bed.
  • the compositions of the invention may be used effectively to treat diseases and disorders in humans or in other animals, such as cats, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and birds. In human and in veterinary patients, the compositions of the invention may be used, depending on the particular animal treated, to treat conditions involving nails, hooves, horns, or beaks.
  • compositions of the invention are especially well suited for the treatment of onychomycosis and other disorders of the nail and nail bed.
  • the composition is topically applied to the surface of the nail and surrounding tissue by any means by which the composition may be applied.
  • the method of application may vary depending on the physical state of the composition, whether it is in a liquid, semisolid, or solid form, and on the viscosity of the composition if it is a liquid.
  • the composition may be rubbed, painted, dabbed, dripped, sprayed, wiped, spread, or poured onto the affected nail and surrounding tissues, or utilized as a soak.
  • Frequency of treatment and duration of therapy will very depending on several factors, including the condition that is being treated, the identity and concentration of the API in the composition, and constituents of the composition other than the API. Typically, the frequency of treatment will be twice daily to once weekly, and preferably once daily.
  • the formulations each contained 5.00% w/w of a triazole antifungal API compound, KP-103.
  • the compositions of the four formulations are shown in Table 1. All concentrations of the components of the formulations are in % w/w.
  • Each of the formulations of Table 1 were spiked with tracer amounts of radiolabeled KP-103 at approximately 0.90 ⁇ Ci/dose.
  • a single clinically relevant dose (5 mg/cm2) was applied to dermatomed human skin obtained from one donor following elective surgery.
  • Percutaneous absorption was evaluated by mounting the dermatomed tissue in Bronaugh flow-through diffusion cells at 32 C. Six replicates were performed for each formulation. Fresh receptor fluid, PBS containing 0.1% w/v sodium azide and 1.5% Oleth-20, was continuously pumped under the skin at a nominal flow rate of 1 ml/hr and collected in 6-hour intervals. Following 24-hours of exposure, the residual formulation remaining on the skin surface was removed by repeated tape stripping (5 strips/cell). Subsequently, the epidermis was physically separated from the dermis by gentle peeling. The quantity of radioactivity in the tape-strips, epidermis, dermis, and receptor fluid samples was determined using liquid scintillation counting. The results for the calculated quantity of API collected in the receptor for each of the formulations of Table 1 are shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Formulations 080 and 107 demonstrated considerably higher skin penetration than did Formulations 078 and 082.
  • Formulation 080 contains propylene glycol, a known skin-penetration enhancer, and exhibited a higher penetration through skin than any of the other formulations.
  • Formulation 107 contains urea, a known skin-penetration enhancer, and exhibited the second highest skin penetration of the four formulations tested.
  • Formulation 082 is a formulation according to the present invention and exhibited the lowest skin penetration of the tested formulations.
  • Formulation 078 is a composition that is not within the scope of the invention and exhibited slightly higher penetration into and through skin than did Formulation 082. Of the four formulations, the formulation with the lowest level of skin penetration was formulation 082, the only formulation of the four that is a composition of the invention.
  • Example 1 The formulations 078, 080, 082, and 107 of Example 1 were tested to determine penetration of the API from the formulation into and through nail plates.
  • Each of the formulations of Table 1 was spiked with tracer amounts of radiolabeled KP-103 at approximately 0.90 ⁇ Ci/dose.
  • a clinically relevant protocol was followed, which entailed dosing 10 ⁇ L/cm 2 per day for 14 days onto healthy human finger nail plates, which were obtained from multiple donors.
  • Nail penetration was evaluated by mounting the finger nail plates into custom diffusion cells. Five replicates were performed for each formulation. A small cotton ball wetted with 0.1 mL normal saline was used as a receptor. For each day of the study, the surface of the nail was washed, and 10 ⁇ L of formulation was applied to the surface. Every second day, the cotton ball receptor was replaced. After fourteen days of exposure, the nail plate was sectioned into three sections, a central dorsal (upper) section, central ventral (lower) section and the remaining peripheral material. The quantity of radioactivity in the daily surface washes, cotton ball receptors, dorsal nail, ventral nail and peripheral nail was determined using liquid scintillation counting.
  • the formulation of the invention, Formulation 082 provided over 6 times the penetration through the nail and into the saturated cotton ball receptor than did the other formulations, calculated as a percentage of the applied dose.
  • the penetration of Formulations 080 and 107 had been expected to be highest through nail because they had exhibited a significantly higher penetration through skin.
  • the penetration of API from Formulations 080 and 107 was, in fact, lower than from the other formulations even though these Formulations 080 and 107 contained well known skin penetration enhancers.
  • This study establishes that the penetration of API from a formulation through skin is not predictive of the penetration of the API from the formulation through nail tissue.
  • This study further establishes the unexpected ability of a preferred formulation of the invention, Formulation 082, to increase the penetration of API within the formulation through nail tissue.
  • Formulation 087 containing 3.00% w/w of a triazole antifungal API, KP-103, was evaluated in an animal model of onychomycosis and, in two separate studies, was compared with that of several commercial products intended for the treatment of onychomycosis.
  • the composition of Formulation 087 is shown in Table 2.
  • the infected nails were removed from the feet 7 days following the final treatment and were minced with scissors.
  • the nails were placed in a glass homogenizer and PBS (phosphate buffer solution) containing 0.25% porcine pancreatic trypsin was added at a rate of 1 mL/50 mg of wet nail weight, and the nail was homogenized.
  • the homogenate was allowed to stand at 37° C. for 1 hour.
  • One hundred microliters of the nail homogenate or its dilution was spread on a GPLP agar medium containing antibiotics and cultured at 30° C. for 7 days. After culturing, the fungal colonies that appeared on the medium were counted, and the number of colony forming units (CFU) of fungi in the nails was calculated.
  • the nail sample was considered culture-negative when no fungal colony appeared on the plate.
  • Table 3 establishes that the formulation of the invention was more efficacious in treating onychomycosis in an animal model of human disease than were several currently available therapies for onychomycosis.
  • Formulation 087 of the invention 60% of the infected nails were culture-negative following treatment.
  • the compositions of the prior art 10% or less of the infected nails were culture-negative following treatment.
  • An adult male human suffering from onychomycosis of the left large toenail was treated daily by topical application of a 10% topical formulation of the invention containing KP-103. Additional components of the 10% topical formulation were alcohol, vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene, cyclomethicone, diisopropyl alcohol, and C12-15 alkyl lactates.
  • Nail involvement at the initiation of treatment was 80% with onycholysis (separation of the nail plate from the nail bed) and thickening of subungual area. Following six months of treatment, the diseased proximal portion of the nail had grown out beyond the distal end of the nail plate (hyponychium) and was subsequently clipped off. There was no active fungal involvement of the nail plate, signs of onycholysis or thickening of the subungual area, or nail involvement after 6 months of treatment.

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/006,531 US20090175810A1 (en) 2008-01-03 2008-01-03 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
HK11100778.5A HK1146894B (en) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
RU2010131966/15A RU2519664C2 (ru) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Композиции и способы лечения заболеваний ногтей
EP08868777.7A EP2234621B1 (en) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
PL08868777T PL2234621T3 (pl) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Kompozycje i sposoby leczenia chorób paznokcia
MX2010007230A MX2010007230A (es) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Composiciones y metodos para tratar enfermedades de las uñas.
EP14195969.2A EP2853274B1 (en) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
CA2706114A CA2706114C (en) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
ES08868777.7T ES2532133T3 (es) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Composiciones y métodos para el tratamiento de enfermedades de la uña
KR1020107015487A KR20100108555A (ko) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 손발톱 질환 치료를 위한 조성물 및 방법
JP2010541438A JP5623913B2 (ja) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 爪の疾患を治療するための組成物及び方法
ARP080105789A AR070083A1 (es) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Composiciones y metodos para tratar enfermedades de la una
CN2008801237873A CN101909634A (zh) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 用于治疗甲的疾病的组合物和方法
PCT/US2008/014107 WO2009085314A1 (en) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
BRPI0822162A BRPI0822162B8 (pt) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 composição farmacêutica para tratamento tópico de doença das unhas ou leito ungueal
AU2008343795A AU2008343795B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2008-12-30 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
AU2013204596A AU2013204596A1 (en) 2008-01-03 2013-04-12 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
JP2014193737A JP5872656B2 (ja) 2008-01-03 2014-09-24 爪の疾患を治療するための組成物及び方法
US14/755,699 US9566272B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2015-06-30 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
US15/332,909 US9877955B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2016-10-24 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
AU2016277570A AU2016277570B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2016-12-20 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
US15/849,414 US10512640B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2017-12-20 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
US16/722,715 US11213519B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2019-12-20 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
US17/561,198 US11872218B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2021-12-23 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail

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US15/332,909 Active US9877955B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2016-10-24 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
US15/849,414 Active US10512640B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2017-12-20 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
US16/722,715 Active US11213519B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2019-12-20 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
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US15/849,414 Active US10512640B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2017-12-20 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
US16/722,715 Active US11213519B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2019-12-20 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail
US17/561,198 Active US11872218B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2021-12-23 Compositions and methods for treating diseases of the nail

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EP (2) EP2234621B1 (enExample)
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