US20090007728A1 - Method For Melting an Alloy Containing a Metal of a High Vapor Pressure - Google Patents

Method For Melting an Alloy Containing a Metal of a High Vapor Pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090007728A1
US20090007728A1 US11/817,459 US81745906A US2009007728A1 US 20090007728 A1 US20090007728 A1 US 20090007728A1 US 81745906 A US81745906 A US 81745906A US 2009007728 A1 US2009007728 A1 US 2009007728A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
melting
alloy
gas
metal
helium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US11/817,459
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English (en)
Inventor
Etsuo Akiba
Hirotoshi Enoki
Naoyoshi Terashita
Shigeru Tsunokake
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Japan Metals and Chemical Co Ltd
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Japan Metals and Chemical Co Ltd
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Application filed by Japan Metals and Chemical Co Ltd, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST filed Critical Japan Metals and Chemical Co Ltd
Assigned to NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN METALS AND CHEMICALS CO., LTD reassignment NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TERASHITA, NAOYOSHI, TSUNOKAKE, SHIGERU, AKIBA, ETSUO, ENOKI, HIROTOSHI
Publication of US20090007728A1 publication Critical patent/US20090007728A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C22/00—Alloys based on manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a melting method wherein an alloy containing a metal of a low melting point, a low boiling point and a high vapor pressure such as Mg, Ca, Li, Zn, Mn, Sr or the like is produced by melting.
  • the metal such as Mg, Ca, Zn, Li or the like or an alloy including such a metal is widely expected for applications as a structural material or a functional material because the weight is light and the specific strength is high as compared with a transition metal such as iron or the like or an alloy thereof.
  • Mg and Ca are richly existent in earth crust and sea water and low in the cost and have no harmful influence upon human body, so that they are expected to be expanding applications.
  • the metals such as Mg, Ca, Zn, Li and the like and alloys thereof are low in the melting point or boiling point and high in the vapor pressure, so that if it is intended to produce the alloys containing these metals by a melting method, there is a problem that the inside of the melting furnace is contaminated with metal fine powder generated by vaporization.
  • Mg is very active, if it adheres to an inner wall or the like of the melting furnace and is exposed to an atmosphere, there is a high risk of causing fire, explosion or the like.
  • the alloy containing Mg, Ca, Zn, Li or the like can be produced by a mechanical alloying method such as ball milling or the like in addition to the melting method. Since such a method is a production method without melting the starting metals, the above problem will not be caused by the generation of the metal fine powder, but there is still a problem that the contamination due to the incorporation of iron and the like from the mill pot and the deterioration of the alloy homogeneity occur. Also, the long time is taken in the production, causing a problem that the production cost is high. Therefore, this method is not suitable in the mass production.
  • the inventors have made various studies in order to achieve the above objects. As a result, it has been found out that it is effective to rationalize a gas component constituting the melting atmosphere, and particularly use helium gas, and the invention has been accomplished.
  • the invention lies in a method of producing an alloy containing a high vapor pressure metal by melting an alloy containing one or more of Mg, Ca, Li, Zn, Mn and Sr, characterized in that a helium containing gas is used as an atmosphere gas for the melting.
  • a helium concentration in the atmosphere gas is not less than 10 vol %, and the atmosphere gas is a mixed gas of helium and a gas not reacting with the starting metal such as nitrogen, argon or the like. It is also preferable that a pressure of the atmosphere gas is 0.01 MPa-1 MPa.
  • an alloy containing a low melting point, a boiling point and a high vapor pressure metal such as Mg, Ca, Li, Zn or the like, for example, an alloy of the above metal and Al, Ni or the like can be precisely and safely produced as an alloy having a targeted chemical composition in a greater amount at a low cost without causing the risk of firing, contamination or the like by active metal fine powder being vaporized.
  • the melting method of the invention using the helium containing gas as an atmosphere gas can solve the problems due to the above active metal fine powder but also has a feature that the solidification rate of the molten metal is enhanced by a high thermal conductivity inherent to the helium gas or the effect of quench-solidification is obtained. Therefore, according to the method of the invention, a special alloy conventionally produced by using a melting apparatus for an exclusive use of quench-solidification can be produced even by using the usual melting apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing an influence of a helium gas concentration in an atmosphere gas upon a melting yield of Mg in the melting of CaMg 2 alloy.
  • FIG. 2 is a view comparing X-ray diffraction curves of alloys obtained when helium gas and argon gas are used as an atmosphere gas in the melting of CaMg 2 alloy.
  • FIG. 3 is a view comparing pressure-composition isothermal curves of La—Ni based hydrogen storage alloy melted in a helium gas atmosphere and La—Ni based hydrogen storage alloy melted in an argon gas atmosphere.
  • the melting method according to the invention lies in a point that a helium containing gas is used as an atmosphere gas for the melting of an alloy containing at least one metal of a low melting point, a low boiling point and a high vapor pressure such as Mg, Ca, Li, Zn and the like.
  • a helium containing gas is used as the melting atmosphere, it is possible to prevent metal fine powder generated by vaporization in the melting from segregation and the risk of firing or the like due to the segregate of the metal fine powder or the contamination can be largely reduced but also the alloy having the target chemical composition can be safely produced at a greater amount in a high precision.
  • the above effect of the helium containing gas can be obtained due to the fact that helium is high in the thermal conductivity (about 3 times of argon), low in the density (0.1 times of argon) and long in the average free stroke (about 3 times of argon) as compared with the other inert gas.
  • hydrogen has the features similar to those of helium, but hydrogen is not suitable as the melting atmosphere gas because it may react with the starting metal to form a metal hydride.
  • it is intended to melt a metal not reacting with hydrogen and having a low melting point, a low boiling point and a high vapor pressure when a hydrogen containing gas is used as an atmosphere gas, the effect similar to that in the use of helium can be expected.
  • Helium gas is very expensive. Therefore, the helium gas is preferably replaced partially with a cheap gas not reacting with the starting metal from a viewpoint of the cost reduction.
  • the inventors have made experiments of replacing helium with various other gases and found out that when a part of helium gas is replaced with a gas not reacting with the starting metal such as nitrogen, argon or the like, the risk of firing or the like due to the segregation of the metal fine powder generated by vaporization and the contamination thereof can be fairly reduced.
  • an argon gas is most preferable. Because, the argon gas is cheap and does not react with Mg, Ca, Li, Zn and the like even at a higher temperature.
  • the helium content in such a mixed gas is required to be at least 10 vol %, and is preferably not less than 25 vol % and more preferably not less than 50 vol %. It is further preferably not less than 95 vol %, and may be naturally 90-100 vol %.
  • the reason why the lower limit of the ratio of helium occupied as the atmosphere gas is 10 vol % is due to the fact that when it is less than 10 vol %, the aforementioned action and effect of helium are not obtained.
  • a pressure of the melting atmosphere comprising the helium containing gas is preferably 0.01 MPa-1 MPa.
  • the pressure is less than 0.01 MPa, the vaporization temperature is considerably decreased, the vaporization is promoted, and the amount of the metal fine powder generation cannot be decreased. While, when it exceeds 1 MPa, the vaporization amount decreases, but the melting point rises and the melting becomes difficult.
  • the pressure range of the helium containing gas means a pressure at room temperature before the melting and there may be a case exceeding the above range when the temperature inside the furnace becomes higher in the melting procedure.
  • the optimum ranges of the concentration and pressure of helium used as the atmosphere gas are mainly obtained as a result of consideration and development from a viewpoint of the cost.
  • impurity gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, steam and the like may be included in the helium containing gas supplied as an atmosphere gas within a scope not damaging the action of the invention.
  • the content is preferably not more than 1 mass %. When it exceeds 1 mass %, these gases react with Mg, Ca, Li, Zn and the like to produce an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbide and the like and hence there cannot be produced an alloy having a targeted chemical composition and a compound.
  • a starting material for hydrogen storage alloy CaMg 2 1 kg in total of Mg and Ca metals are provided so as to have a molar ratio of 2:1, and these metals are charged into an induction melting type melting furnace, and thereafter the interior of the furnace is evacuated to 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Torr and then helium gas (concentration: 100 vol %) is introduced thereinto up to 600 Torr as an atmosphere gas. Next, the melting furnace is heated up to a temperature of 1100° C. while filling the inside of the furnace with the atmosphere gas to melt the starting materials, and further kept for 30 minutes while maintaining a melting temperature of the resulting alloy at 1050° C.
  • the molten alloy is poured onto a water-cooled mold platen and solidified by cooling at a cooling rate of 1000° C./sec to prepare CaMg 2 alloy.
  • the melting yield and chemical composition are measured by the following methods (1) and (2).
  • the mass of the starting material before melting and the mass of alloy after melting to mold are measured to determine the decreased mass by vaporization and calculate the melting yield.
  • the chemical composition of the alloy after melting to mold is quantitatively analyzed by ICP emission spectroscopy.
  • CaMg 2 alloy is prepared in the same manner as in Invention Example 1 except that argon gas (concentration: 100 vol %) is used as an atmosphere gas. With respect to this alloy, the melting yield and chemical composition are measured by the above methods (1) and (2) to obtain the results shown in Table 1.
  • CaMg 2 alloys are prepared in the same manner as in Invention Example 1 except that the concentration of helium gas introduced as an atmosphere is changed to 75, 50 and 25 vol % (remainder is argon gas), respectively.
  • the melting yield and chemical composition are measured by the above methods (1) and (2) to obtain the results shown in Table 1. As seen from these results, when the helium gas concentration exceeds 50 vol % (Invention Examples 2 and 3), the melting yield is as high as about 98% and the targeted alloy composition can be obtained in a high precision.
  • FIG. 1 A relationship between the helium gas concentration and the melting yield obtained from the results of Invention Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG. 1 . As seen from FIG. 1 , the melting yield is improved as the helium gas concentration becomes higher.
  • the measurement of X-ray diffraction intensity is carried out with respect to CaMg 2 alloys obtained in Invention Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 to confirm whether or not the alloy and compound have a targeted single-phase structure.
  • the results are shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the CaMg 2 alloy of Invention Example 1 is an alloy of single CaMg 2 phase structure
  • the alloy of Comparative Example 1 is an alloy of two mixed phase structure consisting of CaMg 2 phase and Ca phase.
  • CaAl 2 alloy is prepared in the same manner as in Invention Example 1 except that Ca and Al are used as a starting material, and the melting yield and chemical composition of the resulting CaAl 2 alloy are measured by the above methods (1) and (2) to obtain results shown in Table 1. As seen from these results, in Invention Example 5, the melting yield is as high as about 98% and the target alloy is obtained in a high precision within ⁇ 1% with respect to the targeted Al composition.
  • MgNi 2 alloy is prepared in the same manner as in Invention Example 1 except that Mg and Ni are used as a starting material, and the melting yield and chemical composition of the resulting MgNi 2 alloy are measured by the above methods (1) and (2) to obtain results shown in Table 1. As seen from these results, in Invention Example 6, the melting yield is as high as about 98% and the target alloy is obtained in a high precision within ⁇ 2% with respect to the targeted Ni composition.
  • CaNi 2 alloy is prepared in the same manner as in Invention Example 1 except that Ca and Ni are used as a starting material, and the melting yield and chemical composition of the resulting CaNi 2 alloy are measured by the above methods (1) and (2) to obtain results shown in Table 1. As seen from these results, in Invention Example 7, the melting yield is as high as about 98% and the target alloy is obtained in a high precision within ⁇ 2% with respect to the targeted Ni composition.
  • a pressure-composition isothermal curve is measured with respect to a La—Ni based hydrogen storage alloy produced by melting in an atmosphere of 100 vol % helium gas according to the invention (Invention Example 8) and a La—Ni based hydrogen storage alloy produced by melting in an atmosphere of 100 vol % argon gas (Comparative Example 2) to obtain results shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the alloy of Invention Example 8 is flat and wide in the plateau region as compared with the alloy of Comparative Example 2, and the alloy of Invention Example 8 quench-solidified with the helium gas is an alloy having an excellent homogeneity.
  • the technique of the invention can be utilized as a mass production technique for alloys containing a metal of a low melting point, a low boiling point and a high vapor pressure such as Mg, Ca, Zn, Li or the like but also can be applied to the melting of single body made of each of these metals, the melting of a compound used in semiconductors or the like such as gallium-arsenic or other compounds. Furthermore, the invention is applicable to a melting technique of structural materials, functional materials, semiconductor compounds, and other compounds made from a light metal or alloy used in the new generation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US11/817,459 2005-03-02 2006-03-02 Method For Melting an Alloy Containing a Metal of a High Vapor Pressure Abandoned US20090007728A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005-056985 2005-03-02
JP2005056985 2005-03-02
PCT/JP2006/304525 WO2006093334A1 (ja) 2005-03-02 2006-03-02 高蒸気圧金属含有合金の溶解方法

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US20090007728A1 true US20090007728A1 (en) 2009-01-08

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US11/817,459 Abandoned US20090007728A1 (en) 2005-03-02 2006-03-02 Method For Melting an Alloy Containing a Metal of a High Vapor Pressure

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US (1) US20090007728A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1875978B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4956826B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR20070107757A (ja)
CN (1) CN101132871B (ja)
WO (1) WO2006093334A1 (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9293765B2 (en) 2010-06-24 2016-03-22 Santoku Corporation Process for production of (rare earth)-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy
US20180173516A1 (en) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-21 Quanta Computer Inc. System and method for remotely updating firmware

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107227421B (zh) * 2017-05-11 2019-04-09 江苏理工学院 镁锂合金及其制备方法
CN106978557A (zh) * 2017-05-11 2017-07-25 江苏理工学院 一种镁锂合金及其制备方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3845805A (en) * 1972-11-14 1974-11-05 Allied Chem Liquid quenching of free jet spun metal filaments
US4375371A (en) * 1981-06-12 1983-03-01 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method for induction melting
US4948423A (en) * 1989-07-21 1990-08-14 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Alloy preparation of hydrogen storage materials
US5798007A (en) * 1996-03-13 1998-08-25 Stein Heurtey Process and apparatus for the continuous heat treatment of a metal strip travelling in a different atmosphere
US6527826B1 (en) * 1997-11-24 2003-03-04 Tcg Unitech Aktiengesellschaft Operation method of furnace equipment for magnesium alloys
US20030159797A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2003-08-28 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Magnesium alloy cast and casting method thereof
US20040060388A1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2004-04-01 The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. Method of producing hydorgen storage alloy

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JPS6217144A (ja) * 1985-07-15 1987-01-26 Alum Funmatsu Yakin Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai Ａｌ−Ｌｉ合金の製造法
JPH0611889B2 (ja) * 1989-10-06 1994-02-16 住友軽金属工業株式会社 Ａ１―Ｌｉ系合金の溶製方法
JPH08120365A (ja) * 1994-10-19 1996-05-14 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 水素吸蔵合金及びその製法
JPH08158043A (ja) * 1994-12-05 1996-06-18 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd 蒸発槽へのＭｇ供給方法
JPH10156577A (ja) * 1996-11-20 1998-06-16 H K M Co:Kk 処理室
JP2000239769A (ja) * 1998-12-22 2000-09-05 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd 希土類系水素吸蔵合金及びそれを使用した電極
JP2003113430A (ja) * 2001-10-03 2003-04-18 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd マグネシウムおよびマグネシウム合金の溶解方法および鋳造方法
JP4294947B2 (ja) * 2001-12-14 2009-07-15 パナソニック株式会社 マグネシウム合金素形材の鋳造方法
JP2004195527A (ja) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-15 Seiko Epson Corp 材料溶解装置およびこれを設置した射出成型機

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3845805A (en) * 1972-11-14 1974-11-05 Allied Chem Liquid quenching of free jet spun metal filaments
US4375371A (en) * 1981-06-12 1983-03-01 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method for induction melting
US4948423A (en) * 1989-07-21 1990-08-14 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Alloy preparation of hydrogen storage materials
US5798007A (en) * 1996-03-13 1998-08-25 Stein Heurtey Process and apparatus for the continuous heat treatment of a metal strip travelling in a different atmosphere
US6527826B1 (en) * 1997-11-24 2003-03-04 Tcg Unitech Aktiengesellschaft Operation method of furnace equipment for magnesium alloys
US20030159797A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2003-08-28 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Magnesium alloy cast and casting method thereof
US20040060388A1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2004-04-01 The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. Method of producing hydorgen storage alloy

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9293765B2 (en) 2010-06-24 2016-03-22 Santoku Corporation Process for production of (rare earth)-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy
US20180173516A1 (en) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-21 Quanta Computer Inc. System and method for remotely updating firmware

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1875978B1 (en) 2019-05-08
WO2006093334A1 (ja) 2006-09-08
CN101132871A (zh) 2008-02-27
JPWO2006093334A1 (ja) 2008-08-07
EP1875978A4 (en) 2008-11-05
EP1875978A1 (en) 2008-01-09
CN101132871B (zh) 2011-04-20
KR20070107757A (ko) 2007-11-07
JP4956826B2 (ja) 2012-06-20

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