US20080061555A1 - Flared cone fitting - Google Patents

Flared cone fitting Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080061555A1
US20080061555A1 US11/355,063 US35506306A US2008061555A1 US 20080061555 A1 US20080061555 A1 US 20080061555A1 US 35506306 A US35506306 A US 35506306A US 2008061555 A1 US2008061555 A1 US 2008061555A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
flared cone
cone fitting
female
fitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/355,063
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English (en)
Inventor
Colin Knight
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US11/355,063 priority Critical patent/US20080061555A1/en
Priority to BRPI0608425-7A priority patent/BRPI0608425A2/pt
Priority to CN200680011621.3A priority patent/CN101156014A/zh
Priority to PCT/US2006/005397 priority patent/WO2006088986A1/en
Priority to EP06735180A priority patent/EP1848910B1/de
Priority to MX2007011171A priority patent/MX2007011171A/es
Priority to AT06735180T priority patent/ATE524688T1/de
Priority to CA2597927A priority patent/CA2597927C/en
Publication of US20080061555A1 publication Critical patent/US20080061555A1/en
Assigned to CITICORP USA, INC., AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment CITICORP USA, INC., AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: AIR SYSTEM COMPONENTS, INC., AQUATIC CO., DEXTER AXLE COMPANY, EASTERN SHEET METAL, INC., EIFELER MASCHINENBAU GMBH, EPICOR INDUSTRIES, INC., GATES MECTROL, INC., HART & COOLEY, INC., RUSKIN COMPANY, SCHRADER ELECTRONICS, INC., SCHRADER-BRIDGEPORT INTERNATIONAL, INC., SELKIRK CORPORATION, THE GATES CORPORATION, TOMKINS INDUSTRIES, INC.
Assigned to WILMINGTON TRUST FSB, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment WILMINGTON TRUST FSB, AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECOND LIEN NOTES PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: AIR SYSTEM COMPONENTS, INC., AQUATIC CO., DEXTER AXLE COMPANY, EASTERN SHEET METAL, INC., EIFELER MASCHINENBAU GMBH, EPICOR INDUSTRIES, INC., GATES MECTROL, INC., HART & COOLEY, INC., RUSKIN COMPANY, SCHRADER ELECTRONICS, INC., SCHRADER-BRIDGEPORT INTERNATIONAL, INC., SELKIRK CORPORATION, THE GATES CORPORATION, TOMKINS INDUSTRIES, INC.
Priority to US13/040,687 priority patent/US20110146367A1/en
Priority to US13/040,694 priority patent/US8292334B2/en
Assigned to THE GATES CORPORATION, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, GATES MECTROL, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, EIFELER MASCHINENBAU GMBH, AQUATIC CO. reassignment THE GATES CORPORATION, A DELAWARE CORPORATION RELEASE OF SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Assigned to THE GATES CORPORATION, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, GATES MECTROL, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, EIFELER MASCHINENBAU GMBH, AQUATIC CO. reassignment THE GATES CORPORATION, A DELAWARE CORPORATION RELEASE OF SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: CITICORP USA, INC.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L19/00—Joints in which sealing surfaces are pressed together by means of a member, e.g. a swivel nut, screwed on or into one of the joint parts
    • F16L19/02—Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member
    • F16L19/0212—Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member using specially adapted sealing means
    • F16L19/0225—Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member using specially adapted sealing means without sealing rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L19/00—Joints in which sealing surfaces are pressed together by means of a member, e.g. a swivel nut, screwed on or into one of the joint parts
    • F16L19/02—Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member
    • F16L19/025—Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member the pipe ends having integral collars or flanges
    • F16L19/028—Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member the pipe ends having integral collars or flanges the collars or flanges being obtained by deformation of the pipe wall
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49428—Gas and water specific plumbing component making

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to hydraulic hose fittings. More particularly, it relates to flared cone fittings and more specifically, the present invention relates to improved female portions of flared cone terminations, for tube and hose fittings.
  • Flared cone fittings are known in the art.
  • the female portion forms part of a separate fitting or connector that connects a hydraulic hose to a machine, equipment, or fixture or is fixed upon or is a part of a tube that connects the tube to a machine, equipment, or fixture.
  • a female portion of flared cone fitting 100 or 200 includes tube 101 , nut 102 or 202 , bore 103 , and hose stem 104 .
  • Hose stem 104 may include ferrule collar 106 , hose stop 107 , and barbs 109 .
  • Tube 101 may be bent as depicted or straight. The end of tube 101 is flared to the point of presenting an inverted conical annulus or cone face 115 at the tube's open end.
  • the inverted conical annulus has an inside diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the tube from which the annulus is created.
  • inverted conical annulus 115 is unsupported by any additional reinforcement. Rather, it merely has an interior shape that corresponds to the exterior shape of the male portion of the coupling, and an exterior shape that corresponds to the interior shape of nut 102 .
  • the nut squeezes the conical annulus between itself and the male portion (see FIG. 1 ).
  • a nut having internal threads 120 covering a portion of its interior and having reduced diameter unthreaded portion 121 corresponding to the exterior surface of the inverted conical annulus covering the remaining portion of the nut fits over the tube and about the inverted conical annulus.
  • the male portion has a coned face and external threads proximate the face.
  • the nut is threaded over the external threads of the male portion. The threading action reduces the distance between the coned face and the nut, whereby the inverted conical annulus and the coned face are brought into sealing contact.
  • inverted conical annulus 115 is supported by collar or sleeve 222 , which is fitted upon the tube, in a manner well known in the art, against the exterior surface of the inverted conical annulus.
  • the collar includes abutment 225 , orthogonal to the tube.
  • the nut is shaped with corresponding shoulder 221 , as well as threads 220 .
  • This form is more resistant to seizing, because the forces associated with bringing the inverted conical annulus and the coned face together are mostly devoid of other than axial components. Problematically, this form involves greater cost and complexity. Further, this form also produces a connection without give or flexibility.
  • the second of the two forms ( 200 ) suffers the additional disadvantage of requiring a separate sleeve ( 222 ) to be produced and fitted to the tube, adding to the cost and complexity of producing female portion 210 of the flared cone fitting.
  • a flared cone fitting including a female portion, of simplified construction that has an improved resistance to leakage brought on by loosening caused by twisting of the tube or brought on by too much torque applied to the nut.
  • the present invention is directed to a systems and methods which employ a flared cone fitting, including a female portion, of simplified construction that provides an improved resistance to leakage brought on by loosening caused by twisting of the tube, or brought on by excessive torque applied to the nut.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a flared cone fitting, including a female portion, of simplified construction.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a flared cone fitting, including a female portion, having improved resistance to leakage brought on by loosening caused by twisting or vibration of the tube or over tightening of the connection.
  • embodiments of the present invention are directed to an improved flared cone fitting that includes a male portion and a female portion.
  • the female portion has a tube, an inverted conical annulus, a nut, and a joinder portion.
  • the joinder portion includes a back-side annular face, which may define a void.
  • the joinder portion may also include an abutment intended to contact a shoulder of a fitting nut and properly direct forces exerted on the nut.
  • inventions of the present invention may take the form of a flared cone fitting that includes a male portion and a female portion adapted to sealingly mate with the male portion, the female portion preferably includes a tube; defining a joinder portion.
  • the joinder portion might comprise an inverted conical annulus including a back-side annular face.
  • the tube of various embodiments has an inside diameter with an extended peripheral limit having a diameter corresponding to the tube inside diameter.
  • the joinder portion may further comprise a void having a portion extending radially beyond the extended peripheral limit and axially interior to the inverted conical annulus.
  • the void enables the female potion to flex relative to the male portion without loosening a nut joining the male portion and the female portion.
  • the void might reduce friction between the tube and a nut joining the male portion and the female portion, whereby the reduction in friction reduces loosening of the nut.
  • the joinder portion is integral, or unitary, and might comprise an abutment extending substantially orthogonal from the tube.
  • the nut joining the male portion and the female portion might include an internal shoulder that orthogonally contacts the abutment.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation view with one quarter cut away of a prior art female end of a hydraulic fitting
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view with one quarter cut away of a prior art female end of a hydraulic fitting
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation view with one quarter cut away of a female end of a hydraulic fitting including an embodiment of a flared cone fitting in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGS. 4 a through 4 e are generally cross-sectional elevation views depicting progressive forming of an embodiment of a flared cone fitting in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is of a forming press, such as may be used to form an embodiment of a female hydraulic fitting in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a generally cross-sectional elevation view of the forming press of FIG. 6 , including a tube to be formed into an embodiment of a female hydraulic fitting in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is an elevation of a first punch to be used in conjunction with the press of FIGS. 5 and 6 to form an embodiment of a female hydraulic fitting in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is an elevation of a second punch to be used in conjunction with the press of FIGS. 5 and 6 to form an embodiment of a female hydraulic fitting in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is an elevation of a third punch to be used in conjunction with the press of FIGS. 5 and 6 to form an embodiment of a female hydraulic fitting in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an elevation of a fourth punch to be used in conjunction with the press of FIGS. 5 and 6 to form an embodiment of a female hydraulic fitting in accordance with the present invention.
  • the female portion of flared cone fitting 300 includes joinder portion 310 , tube 101 , nut 302 , bore 103 , and hose stem 104 .
  • Hose stem 104 may include ferrule collar 106 , hose stop 107 , and barbs 109 .
  • joinder portion 310 is a portion of fitting 300 adapted to be substantially radially within nut 302 .
  • joinder portion 310 includes camming portion 328 and abutment or axial restraining portion 329 extending substantially orthogonally to tube 101 , inverted conical annulus or cone face 315 , void 326 , and back-side annular face 327 .
  • Joinder portion 310 can be formed by various tube forming methods known in the art. However an approach that is well suited to produce such parts, where the parts are of the configuration of FIG. 3 , and done on a volume basis, is by progressive die forming. Referring to FIGS. 4 through 10 , that process and tools that may be used to carry out the process are generally depicted. However, the overall press technique and equipment is well known in the art and not fully depicted nor described here. Still, details specific to producing joinder portion 310 of flared cone fitting 300 of the present invention are described.
  • the general configuration of the press may be as follows. The press may have six vertical rotating die stations, such as die 500 , one of which is depicted in FIG. 5 . Each die station holds interchangeable dies such as die 500 .
  • Each die has an integral ejection rod (not depicted) that may be used to set the length of the part and to eject the finished part.
  • the ejection rods can either be of fixed length or be adjusted for length with inserts.
  • An auto lube spray (not depicted) may also be attached at a load station.
  • Each die 500 preferably includes upper die shell 501 , form insert 502 , upper tube insert 504 , compression tube 506 , lower die shell 508 , and lower tube insert 510 .
  • Each die is generally identical and has replaceable components (i.e., form insert 502 of each die can be replaced).
  • Upper die shell 501 , upper tube insert 504 , compression tube 506 , lower die shell 508 , and lower tube insert 510 are non-forming areas of the die. These areas are sized slightly larger than tube 101 that is inserted. Tube 101 will expand to fill this over sized area during the forming process and will foreshorten commensurately. Note in FIG. 6 how some of tube 101 extends beyond form insert 502 .
  • tube 101 is loaded into die 500 .
  • the next four stations may employ first through fourth punches 700 , 800 , 900 , and 1000 , respectively, and may be capable of applying twenty-five tons of force each. Stations one and two may each have a stripper plate (not depicted) to separate tube 101 from the respective punch 700 through 1000 after forming.
  • each size of tubing is cut to length, wire brush deburred, and washed to eliminate extraneous metal particles, all prior to being introduced to the press.
  • the press is prepared with the correct size of die 500 , first through fourth punches, 700 through 1000 respectively, stripper plates (not depicted), ejection rods (not depicted) and loader rod (not depicted) are mounted.
  • An auto loader may be adjusted for the corresponding size tubing.
  • a cut and deburred tube 101 (such as shown in FIG. 4A ) is placed over a die 500 .
  • a small amount of forming oil may be sprayed over tube 101 .
  • Tube 101 is driven into die 500 until the ejection rod stops its travel. The loader rod retracts.
  • Die 500 is rotated under first punch 700 .
  • This is station two where tube 101 is primarily expanded near its opening as depicted in FIG. 4 b .
  • Camming portion 328 is also produced a station two. Camming portion 328 helps to properly position nut 302 when nut 302 is being prepared for threading upon the male portion (not depicted).
  • Camming portion 328 has the convex curved shape depicted in FIG. 3 , for this embodiment. However, other shapes such as the angular shape depicted in FIG. 4 c through 4 e , conical, or concave curved are contemplated.
  • First punch 700 advances until a fixed stop is contacted. First punch 700 retracts. Die 500 is rotated under second punch 800 . This is station three where the camming portion 328 of tube 101 is defined as depicted in FIG. 4 c . Second punch 800 advances until a fixed stop is contacted. Second punch 800 retracts. Die 500 is rotated under third punch 900 . This is station four where joinder portion 310 of tube 101 is folded at the area expanded by station one over to 45 degrees as depicted in FIG. 4 d . Third punch 900 advances until it bottoms out against die 500 . Third punch 900 retracts. Die 500 is rotated under fourth punch 1000 . This is station five, which continues folding and forming inverted conical annulus or cone face 315 .
  • fourth punch 1000 advances until it bottoms out against die 500 .
  • Fourth punch 1000 retracts.
  • Die 500 is rotated over an ejection cylinder (not depicted). This is the final station where tube 101 is ejected.
  • the ejection cylinder advances, advancing an ejection rod and formed part until a signal is received.
  • the formed part is now out of die 500 and exposed.
  • a blow-off (not depicted) activates by blowing off the exposed, formed part.
  • the ejection cylinder retracts. The die is rotated under the loading station.
  • the above operation is listed for one die station. All six die stations are in a circle and as each die station is rotated, all other stations rotate simultaneously.
  • the four punches 700 through 1000 respectively, simultaneously advance on four die stations while loading and ejection is also simultaneously being performed.
  • Each punch, 700 through 1000 respectively, has a separate configuration and has replaceable components at critical forming areas of the punch that contact tube 101 during the forming process.
  • Hose stem 104 may be formed upon tube 101 at the end opposite of inverted conical annulus or cone face 315 .
  • Tube 101 may be plated.
  • Nut 302 may be placed about tube 101 .
  • Tube 101 may be bent.
  • ferrule collar 106 may be staked in place.
  • hose stem 104 is inserted in the open end of a flexible hose (not depicted), and a ferrule (not depicted) is crimped about that hose end as well as ferrule collar 106 to secure fitting 300 to the hose.
  • hose stem 104 can be omitted. In such a case, tube 101 may extend the distance that would otherwise be completed by the flexible hose.
  • joining portion 310 of the present invention does not include creating and affixing a separate backing collar or sleeve, such as sleeve 222 of FIG. 2 , thereby reducing cost and complexity.
  • void 326 is preferably created. Void 326 is over the volume between extended peripheral limit A ( FIGS. 4A-4E ), the inside surface of joinder potion 310 , and axially interior of back-side annular face 327 .
  • Extended peripheral limit A is that conceptual surface that extends linearly from the portion of tube 101 that was not altered by either the joinder portion 310 formation or by the bending of tube 101 . To extend radially beyond extended peripheral limit A is to be of a greater radius.
  • Void 326 alters the response of nut 302 when female portion of flared cone fitting 300 is twisted in relation to the male portion of the fitting.
  • female portion 100 or 200 of FIGS. 1 and 2 are struck so as to twist female portion 100 or 200 in relation to male portion or vibrated nut 102 or 202 tends become loosened from the male portion. If the loosening progresses far enough, the fitting can leak. Thus, the connection experiences a failure.
  • Void 326 decreases this tendency to loosen. Void 326 may allow some give or flexure in the joint, which in turn, reduces the friction between tube 101 and nut 302 under such conditions. The reduction of friction reduces the tendency of nut 302 to loosen under the described conditions.
  • Inverted conical annulus 315 of the instant invention is accompanied by back-side annular face 327 defining void 326 .
  • nut 302 might define internal shoulder 323 which works against abutment 329 of joinder portion 310 . Improved direction of forces caused by the orthogonality of abutment 329 and shoulder 23 in conjunction with the reduction of friction caused by void 326 may result in unsurpassed resistance to leaking and failure by joints employing the present invention. Further, nut 302 seizing upon the exterior surface of the inverted conical annulus 315 , similar to found in the prior art, may be avoided.
  • the present invention provides a flared cone fitting that is at once less costly and complex to produce; exhibits an improved resistance to loosening in its working environment due to blows, vibration, or other events that may cause twisting of the fitting and ultimate leakage and failure of the fitting; and exhibits improved resistance to failure brought on by seizing during tightening of the nut.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Joints With Pressure Members (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Joints That Cut Off Fluids, And Hose Joints (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
US11/355,063 2005-02-16 2006-02-15 Flared cone fitting Abandoned US20080061555A1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/355,063 US20080061555A1 (en) 2005-02-16 2006-02-15 Flared cone fitting
AT06735180T ATE524688T1 (de) 2005-02-16 2006-02-16 Fitting mit einem glockenartigen kegel
CA2597927A CA2597927C (en) 2005-02-16 2006-02-16 Flared cone fitting
CN200680011621.3A CN101156014A (zh) 2005-02-16 2006-02-16 扩口圆锥形装配件
PCT/US2006/005397 WO2006088986A1 (en) 2005-02-16 2006-02-16 Flared cone fitting
EP06735180A EP1848910B1 (de) 2005-02-16 2006-02-16 Fitting mit einem glockenartigen Kegel
MX2007011171A MX2007011171A (es) 2005-02-16 2006-02-16 Adaptador de cono abocardado.
BRPI0608425-7A BRPI0608425A2 (pt) 2005-02-16 2006-02-16 encaixe em cone alargado
US13/040,687 US20110146367A1 (en) 2005-02-16 2011-03-04 Flared Cone Fitting
US13/040,694 US8292334B2 (en) 2005-02-16 2011-03-04 Flared cone fitting

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65344605P 2005-02-16 2005-02-16
US11/355,063 US20080061555A1 (en) 2005-02-16 2006-02-15 Flared cone fitting

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/040,687 Continuation US20110146367A1 (en) 2005-02-16 2011-03-04 Flared Cone Fitting
US13/040,694 Continuation US8292334B2 (en) 2005-02-16 2011-03-04 Flared cone fitting

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080061555A1 true US20080061555A1 (en) 2008-03-13

Family

ID=44501623

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/355,063 Abandoned US20080061555A1 (en) 2005-02-16 2006-02-15 Flared cone fitting
US13/040,687 Abandoned US20110146367A1 (en) 2005-02-16 2011-03-04 Flared Cone Fitting
US13/040,694 Active US8292334B2 (en) 2005-02-16 2011-03-04 Flared cone fitting

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/040,687 Abandoned US20110146367A1 (en) 2005-02-16 2011-03-04 Flared Cone Fitting
US13/040,694 Active US8292334B2 (en) 2005-02-16 2011-03-04 Flared cone fitting

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (3) US20080061555A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1848910B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101156014A (de)
AT (1) ATE524688T1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0608425A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2597927C (de)
MX (1) MX2007011171A (de)
WO (1) WO2006088986A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

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US9772056B2 (en) 2009-03-05 2017-09-26 Gates Corporation Tube connector

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DE102009041056A1 (de) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-24 Voss Fluid Gmbh Rohrverschraubung und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
JP6221951B2 (ja) * 2014-06-10 2017-11-01 トヨタ自動車株式会社 配管接続構造
FR3069614B1 (fr) * 2017-07-28 2020-05-29 Akwel Sweden Ab Tuyau a paroi mince et fabrication associee
CN108772481B (zh) * 2018-06-28 2023-11-10 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 一种双扩口导管滚波成形方法

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US20110148104A1 (en) 2011-06-23
WO2006088986A1 (en) 2006-08-24
US20110146367A1 (en) 2011-06-23
EP1848910B1 (de) 2011-09-14
CA2597927A1 (en) 2006-08-24
BRPI0608425A2 (pt) 2009-12-29
EP1848910A1 (de) 2007-10-31
CA2597927C (en) 2013-12-10
ATE524688T1 (de) 2011-09-15
CN101156014A (zh) 2008-04-02
MX2007011171A (es) 2007-10-10
US8292334B2 (en) 2012-10-23

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