US20070243043A1 - High performance thread forming screw - Google Patents

High performance thread forming screw Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070243043A1
US20070243043A1 US11/695,341 US69534107A US2007243043A1 US 20070243043 A1 US20070243043 A1 US 20070243043A1 US 69534107 A US69534107 A US 69534107A US 2007243043 A1 US2007243043 A1 US 2007243043A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
screw
threads
thread forming
hardness
recited
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/695,341
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English (en)
Inventor
David R. Price
Gary Shattuck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Acument Intellectual Properties LLC
Original Assignee
Acument Intellectual Properties LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Acument Intellectual Properties LLC filed Critical Acument Intellectual Properties LLC
Priority to US11/695,341 priority Critical patent/US20070243043A1/en
Priority to AU2007238300A priority patent/AU2007238300B2/en
Priority to BRPI0711260-2A priority patent/BRPI0711260B1/pt
Priority to PCT/US2007/065828 priority patent/WO2007121081A2/fr
Priority to CA2646356A priority patent/CA2646356C/fr
Priority to JP2009506673A priority patent/JP2009533635A/ja
Priority to MX2008013278A priority patent/MX2008013278A/es
Priority to PL07759995T priority patent/PL2007990T3/pl
Priority to EP07759995.9A priority patent/EP2007990B1/fr
Priority to ES07759995.9T priority patent/ES2488414T3/es
Assigned to ACUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, LLC reassignment ACUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SHATTUCK, GARY, PRICE, DAVID R.
Publication of US20070243043A1 publication Critical patent/US20070243043A1/en
Priority to KR1020087027844A priority patent/KR101263539B1/ko
Priority to US12/510,771 priority patent/US8172692B2/en
Assigned to WILMINGTON TRUST FSB, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment WILMINGTON TRUST FSB, AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: ACUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, LLC
Assigned to WELLS FARGO FOOTHILL, INC., AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment WELLS FARGO FOOTHILL, INC., AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: ACUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, LLC
Assigned to SATURN FASTENERS, INC., ACUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, LLC, CAMCAR LLC, KING HOLDING CORPORATION, KING HOLDING US CORPORATION, RING SCREW LLC, WOLVERINE METAL SPECIALTIES, INC., ELCO FASTENING SYSTEMS LLC, ACUMENT FASTENING SYSTEMS LLC, ACUMENT GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AVDEL USA LLC, FLEXALLOY, INC. reassignment SATURN FASTENERS, INC. RELEASE OF PATENT SECURITY INTEREST Assignors: WILMINGTON TRUST FSB, AS THE AGENT
Priority to JP2012115545A priority patent/JP5522548B2/ja
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
    • B21K1/46—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like with heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/56—Making machine elements screw-threaded elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0093—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for screws; for bolts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/001—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed
    • F16B25/0021—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed the material being metal, e.g. sheet-metal or aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
    • F16B33/06—Surface treatment of parts furnished with screw-thread, e.g. for preventing seizure or fretting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to thread forming screws and methods of forming same, and more specifically relates to a fastener, such as a thread forming screw, at least a portion of which has a minimum surface hardness of HRC 56 (Rockwell Hardness C-scale), and to a method of forming such a thread forming screw.
  • a fastener such as a thread forming screw, at least a portion of which has a minimum surface hardness of HRC 56 (Rockwell Hardness C-scale)
  • HRC 56 Rockwell Hardness C-scale
  • Conventional thread forming screws are not hard enough to successfully cold form threads into workpieces which exceed a Rockwell C23 hardness.
  • some commercially available thread forming screws are processed so that the point and the first three to four full threads are at a Rockwell C45 minimum hardness, and the core of the fastener is at Rockwell C33 to 39 hardness.
  • a thread forming screw such as this is not hard enough to consistently cold form threads into a material which exceeds HRC 23.
  • HSLA material or any other material having a hardness of HRC 40 or more
  • thread collapse occurs. This collapse, or deformation of the threads, causes joint failure.
  • fasteners capable of forming threads in workpieces, such as HSLA material or any other material, which has a hardness which exceeds Rockwell C23.
  • An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a thread forming screw at least a portion of which has a surface hardness that is sufficiently high such that the thread forming screw can be used to cold form threads in a workpiece which has a hardness that exceeds HRC 23.
  • Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a thread forming screw at least a portion of which has a minimum surface hardness of HRC 56.
  • Still another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a thread forming screw which has a minimum surface hardness of HRC 56, at least to a depth of 0.008 inches, for at least some of the threads of the screw.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a thread forming screw which has a head and a threaded shank extending from the head. At least some of the threads of the shank are surface hardened, preferably to a minimum surface hardness of HRC 56, thereby enabling the thread forming screw to thereafter be used to cold form threads in a workpiece having a surface hardness which exceeds HRC 23.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of forming such a thread forming screw.
  • the method includes performing a heat treating process whereby the screw is carbon enriched to at least a 0.48 carbon level, and is quenched, such as in oil. Then, the screw is tempered in order to lower the brittleness and to allow for a more ductile core.
  • the tempering is controlled such that the surface hardness does not exceed the core hardness by more than 3 Rockwell C points.
  • both the surface and core of the fastener are at a Rockwell C33 to 39 hardness.
  • the point such as the lead threads and three to four full threads of the screw
  • the screw is quenched, such as in water or in a synthetic quench.
  • the screw is tempered again to a lower brittleness.
  • this tempering step is controlled such that, for example, the lead threads and the first three to four full threads are at a Rockwell C56 minimum hardness, preferably to a depth of at least 0.008 inches, and the core of the fastener is at Rockwell C33 to 39 hardness.
  • a finish is applied to the fastener.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of one type of screw which can be surface hardened in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional diagram of the screw shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method of making a surface hardened thread forming screw, where the method is in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to a fastener, such as a thread forming screw, at least a portion of which has a surface hardness of HRC 56.
  • Another aspect relates to a method of surface hardening a fastener, such as a thread forming screw, such that at least a portion of which has a surface hardness of HRC 56. While the method can be used in connection with a wide range of screws, U.S. Pat. No. 3,935,785 discloses a screw with which a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can be used, and the '785 patent is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the screw 10 includes a head 12 and a threaded shank 14 which extends from the head 12 .
  • a plurality of lead threads 18 Proximate the end 16 of the screw 10 , opposite the head 12 , are a plurality of lead threads 18 which taper somewhat to the point 16 of the screw 10 .
  • a plurality of full threads 20 Between the lead threads 18 and the head 12 are a plurality of full threads 20 , wherein reference numeral 22 identifies the first full thread and reference numeral 24 identifies the fourth full thread. More detail regarding the shape and function of this particular screw can be found in the '785 patent. However, an example of a preferred, specific embodiment of the present invention provides as shown in FIG.
  • the lead threads 18 as well as the first three or four full threads of the screw are surface hardened to a Rockwell hardness of at least HRC 56, to a depth (i.e., dimension 26 identified in FIG. 2 ) of at least 0.008 inches.
  • the core of the screw 10 is at Rockwell C33 to 39 hardness, such that the screw 10 has a relatively ductile core.
  • the portion identified with reference numeral 28 has a minimum induction hardened area at HRC 56 min.
  • the portion identified with reference numeral 30 has a maximum induction hardened area at HRC 56 min.
  • the portion identified with reference numeral 32 is a hardened, quenched, and tempered area, having a surface hardness within 3 points HRC of the core.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a method which is accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, and the method can be used to form a thread forming screw 10 such as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the method provides that, for example, a wire made of steel 4037 steel or a similar alloy is provided, and the wire is drawn at a cold heading machine.
  • the material may be an alloy steel, AISI C4037 grade analysis with a composition of: carbon 0.35-0.40 percent; manganese 0.70-0.90 percent, sulphur 0.040 percent max., phosphorous 0.035 percent max., silicon 0.20-0.35 percent and molybdenum 0.20-0.30 percent, normally specified as killed, fine grain, spherodized annealed steel. Of course, other material may be used while staying entirely within the scope of the present invention.
  • threads are formed on the screw. These steps are conventional and well known.
  • the screw is carbon enriched using a controlled process, in a quality furnace, such that the screw obtains at least a 0.48 carbon level.
  • the carbon enrichment allows the surface of the fastener to be hardened harder than the base material.
  • the screw can be left in the furnace for 90 minutes while the furnace is at 1600-1700 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the furnace atmosphere is preferably controlled to 0.6 to 0.7% carbon potential (with no nitriding).
  • the depth (i.e., dimension 26 in FIG. 2 ) of the carbon restored zone is at least 0.008 inches.
  • the surface hardness after tempering does not exceed the core hardness by more than 3 Rockwell C (30 Vickers) points equivalent.
  • a 1 to 2 Rockwell C (10-20 Vickers) equivalent surface hardness increase would be an objective in selecting furnace parameters.
  • a microhardness tester can be employed to measure the hardness and depth of the carbon restored zone, in order to help set the furnace parameters.
  • the screw is quenched, such as in oil at 140-160 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the screw is tempered, such as for 90 minutes at a temperature of 850-950 degrees Fahrenheit, in order to lower the brittleness and allow for a more ductile core in the fastener.
  • this step is controlled such that the surface hardness does not exceed the core hardness by more than 3 Rockwell C points).
  • both the surface and the core of the fastener are at a Rockwell C33 to 39 hardness.
  • the point of the screw such as the lead threads 18 and the first three to four full threads, is induction hardened, wherein the lead threads of the fastener are momentarily fed into the influence of an electric field in such a way as to induction heat the threads to the hardening temperature (approximately 1650-1750 degrees Fahrenheit).
  • the screw is thereafter immediately quenched, such as in water spray or viz-a-viz a synthetic quench.
  • the screw is tempered, such as at 300 degrees Fahrenheit for a minimum of one hour, in order to lower the brittleness.
  • This tempering step along with the previous carbon enrichment step preferably effectively combine to provide that the lead threads and the first three to four full threads are at a Rockwell C56 minimum hardness, preferably to a depth of at least 0.008 inches, and the core of the fastener is at Rockwell C33 to 39 hardness. While different tempering temperatures and durations may be used, preferably the temperature is sufficiently low to keep the point at a Rockwell C56 minimum hardness.
  • a finish is applied to the fastener.
  • the fastener could be a thread forming screw such as is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,935,785, where the lead threads and the first three or four full threads have a minimum surface hardness of 56 HRC.
  • the screw can be used to cold form threads into a workpiece which has a hardness which exceeds 23 HRC, such as HSLA material or any other material having a hardness of 40 HRC or more.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of surface hardening at least a portion of a fastener, such as the thread forming screw shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,935,785, such that at least a portion of the screw has a minimum surface hardness of 56 HRC.
  • a fastener such as the thread forming screw shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,935,785
  • the lead threads and the first three or four full threads have a minimum surface hardness of 56 HRC, whereby the screw can be used to cold form threads into a workpiece which has a hardness which exceeds 23 HRC, such as HSLA material or any other material having a hardness of 40 HRC or more.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a product by process, specifically a fastener made by using the process described hereinabove.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US11/695,341 2006-04-17 2007-04-02 High performance thread forming screw Abandoned US20070243043A1 (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/695,341 US20070243043A1 (en) 2006-04-17 2007-04-02 High performance thread forming screw
EP07759995.9A EP2007990B1 (fr) 2006-04-17 2007-04-03 Procédé de fabrication d'une vis autotaraudeuse de haute performance
ES07759995.9T ES2488414T3 (es) 2006-04-17 2007-04-03 Método de formación de un tornillo autorroscante de alto rendimiento
BRPI0711260-2A BRPI0711260B1 (pt) 2006-04-17 2007-04-03 Método para formar um parafuso com formação de rosca
PCT/US2007/065828 WO2007121081A2 (fr) 2006-04-17 2007-04-03 Vis autotaraudeuse formant le filet, haute performance
CA2646356A CA2646356C (fr) 2006-04-17 2007-04-03 Vis autotaraudeuse formant le filet, haute performance
JP2009506673A JP2009533635A (ja) 2006-04-17 2007-04-03 高性能のネジ部形成用ネジ
MX2008013278A MX2008013278A (es) 2006-04-17 2007-04-03 Tornillo roscador de alto rendimiento.
PL07759995T PL2007990T3 (pl) 2006-04-17 2007-04-03 Sposób formowania wysokiej jakości śrub do formowania gwintu
AU2007238300A AU2007238300B2 (en) 2006-04-17 2007-04-03 High performance thread forming screw
KR1020087027844A KR101263539B1 (ko) 2006-04-17 2008-11-14 고성능 나사산 성형 스크루 제작 방법
US12/510,771 US8172692B2 (en) 2006-04-17 2009-07-28 Method of forming a high performance thread forming screw
JP2012115545A JP5522548B2 (ja) 2006-04-17 2012-05-21 高性能のネジ部形成用ネジを形成する方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US74497406P 2006-04-17 2006-04-17
US11/695,341 US20070243043A1 (en) 2006-04-17 2007-04-02 High performance thread forming screw

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/510,771 Division US8172692B2 (en) 2006-04-17 2009-07-28 Method of forming a high performance thread forming screw

Publications (1)

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US20070243043A1 true US20070243043A1 (en) 2007-10-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/695,341 Abandoned US20070243043A1 (en) 2006-04-17 2007-04-02 High performance thread forming screw
US12/510,771 Active 2028-01-02 US8172692B2 (en) 2006-04-17 2009-07-28 Method of forming a high performance thread forming screw

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/510,771 Active 2028-01-02 US8172692B2 (en) 2006-04-17 2009-07-28 Method of forming a high performance thread forming screw

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US20070243043A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2007990B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP2009533635A (fr)
KR (1) KR101263539B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2007238300B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0711260B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2646356C (fr)
ES (1) ES2488414T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX2008013278A (fr)
PL (1) PL2007990T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007121081A2 (fr)

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US20090067949A1 (en) * 2007-01-05 2009-03-12 Snap-On Incorporated Dual hardness connector
US20110203217A1 (en) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-25 Nucor Corporation Weldless Building Structures
WO2012084388A1 (fr) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-28 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de production d'une vis d'ancrage et vis d'ancrage
US8419332B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2013-04-16 Atlas Bolt & Screw Company Llc Non-dimpling fastener
US20140075875A1 (en) * 2010-02-19 2014-03-20 Asia Fastening (Us), Inc. Weldless building structures
CN106736309A (zh) * 2017-02-23 2017-05-31 河北顶创金属制品有限公司 一种螺钉加工工艺
AU2013205904B2 (en) * 2012-05-17 2017-12-07 Woodstock Percussion Pty Ltd Full Strength Threaded Bar
US10788066B2 (en) 2016-05-02 2020-09-29 Nucor Corporation Double threaded standoff fastener
US20210054866A1 (en) * 2018-03-08 2021-02-25 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Bimetallic screw with martensitically hardenable steel
US11028457B2 (en) * 2017-07-17 2021-06-08 Caterpillar Inc. Method of heat treating a fastening member
US20210239146A1 (en) * 2020-02-05 2021-08-05 Böllhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH Joining element, connection structure with the joining element, manufacturing method of the joining element and corresponding connection method
CN113404757A (zh) * 2021-06-29 2021-09-17 嘉兴市一鼎机电科技有限公司 一种核电用螺栓及其生产工艺

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US20070243043A1 (en) * 2006-04-17 2007-10-18 Acument Intellectual Properties, Llc High performance thread forming screw
US20130206513A1 (en) * 2012-02-14 2013-08-15 Carterpillar Inc. Linkage pin assembly
JP6247477B2 (ja) * 2012-08-31 2017-12-13 日東精工株式会社 高周波焼入タッピンねじ
WO2015029266A1 (fr) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-05 日東精工株式会社 Vis taraudeuse durcie par induction
US9731172B2 (en) 2014-12-09 2017-08-15 Dunlop Sports Co., Ltd Sporting apparatus with monitoring device
CN113494510A (zh) * 2020-03-18 2021-10-12 工程组件公司 螺纹紧固件及其制作方法
CN112522492B (zh) * 2020-10-28 2022-11-01 浙江自紧王机械有限公司 一种自紧螺母及自紧垫片的热处理工艺

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US8419332B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2013-04-16 Atlas Bolt & Screw Company Llc Non-dimpling fastener
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CA2646356A1 (fr) 2007-10-25
US20090286608A1 (en) 2009-11-19
AU2007238300A1 (en) 2007-10-25
WO2007121081A3 (fr) 2008-11-27
JP2012187638A (ja) 2012-10-04
ES2488414T3 (es) 2014-08-27
CA2646356C (fr) 2013-10-08
BRPI0711260A8 (pt) 2018-02-06
BRPI0711260B1 (pt) 2019-09-17
KR101263539B1 (ko) 2013-05-13
JP5522548B2 (ja) 2014-06-18
KR20080110677A (ko) 2008-12-18
EP2007990A2 (fr) 2008-12-31
AU2007238300B2 (en) 2012-04-19
EP2007990B1 (fr) 2014-07-02
US8172692B2 (en) 2012-05-08
JP2009533635A (ja) 2009-09-17
BRPI0711260A2 (pt) 2011-08-30
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PL2007990T3 (pl) 2014-12-31
WO2007121081A2 (fr) 2007-10-25

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