US20070027243A1 - Stabilizer compositions for halogen containing polymers - Google Patents

Stabilizer compositions for halogen containing polymers Download PDF

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US20070027243A1
US20070027243A1 US10/578,046 US57804606A US2007027243A1 US 20070027243 A1 US20070027243 A1 US 20070027243A1 US 57804606 A US57804606 A US 57804606A US 2007027243 A1 US2007027243 A1 US 2007027243A1
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tert
butyl
alkyl
acid
bis
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Alex Wegmann
Pascal Xanthopoulos
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BASF Performance Products LLC
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Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp
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Assigned to CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS CORP. reassignment CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: XANTHOPOULOS, PASCAL, WEGMANN, ALEX
Publication of US20070027243A1 publication Critical patent/US20070027243A1/en
Priority to US12/380,179 priority Critical patent/US20100048776A1/en
Priority to US12/916,657 priority patent/US8173731B2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/005—Stabilisers against oxidation, heat, light, ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/37—Thiols
    • C08K5/372—Sulfides, e.g. R-(S)x-R'
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L57/00—Compositions of unspecified polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C08L57/06—Homopolymers or copolymers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen
    • C08L57/08—Homopolymers or copolymers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen containing halogen atoms

Definitions

  • the instant invention relates to a composition and process for the stabilization of halogen containing polymer slurries, in particular polyvinyichloride (PVC).
  • the composition comprises a halogen containing polymer in the form of an aqueous suspension or emulsion, a partially hindered phenolic antioxidant and selected sulfur containing antioxidants, which are both solid at 20° C.
  • a further aspect of the invention is the use of specific antioxidant mixtures for the stabilization of halogen containing polymer suspensions or emulsions, in particular PVC.
  • halogen containing polymers such as PVC
  • PVC polyvinyl styrene
  • heat stabilizers which are mostly based on metal salts of organic molecules (e.g. metal soaps), as extensively described in the literature (for example H. Zweifel, Handbook of Plastic Additives, 5 th edition, Hanser, 2001, pages 427-483).
  • EP 0 849 314 suggests adding in addition to a Zn carboxylate a phenolic antioxidant and a thiodipropionic acid ester.
  • Additional stabilizers may then be added also during the compounding stage.
  • the halogen containing polymer obtained in particular the virgin PVC resin, undergoes much less dehydrochlorination (loss of chlorine from the PVC) and discoloration upon thermal treatment than conventionally stabilized PVC.
  • One aspect of the invention is a composition comprising
  • the bridging group R 2 ′ is for example in 2 or 4 position relative to the OH group, preferably in 2 position.
  • the amount of polymer, in particular PVC, in the suspension or emulsion is typically 30-80%, for instance 40-70% by weight, based on the aqueous phase.
  • Halogen-containing, in particular chlorine-containing, polymeric materials can be for example: polymers of vinyl chloride, vinyl resins containing vinyl chloride units in their structure, such as copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl esters of aliphatic acids, preferably vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl chloride with esters of the acrylic and methacrylic acid and with acrylonitrile, copolymers of vinyl chloride with diene compounds and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, such as copolymers of vinyl chloride with diethylmaleate, diethylfumarate or maleic acid anhydride, postchlorinated polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride with unsaturated aldehydes, ketones and others, such as acrolein, crotonaldehyde, vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether and similar compounds; polymers of vinyl chloride,
  • PVC polystyrene resin
  • Preferred substrates are also mixtures of the above-mentioned homo- and copolymers, preferably vinyl chloride homopolymers, with other thermoplastic or/and elastomeric polymers, preferably blends with ABS, MBS, NBR, SAN, EVA, CPE, MBAS, PMA, PMMA, EPDM and polyactones.
  • Chlorine-containing polymers are particularly preferably polyvinyl chloride as suspension polymers or emulsion polymers. (Anspruch 3)
  • the sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant containing a structural element of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is of formulae (IIa), (IIIb) or (IIIc)
  • R 2 is hydrogen, methyl or a group wherein m is a number from 1 to 10.
  • Alkyl radicals and alkylene radicals can be unbranched or branched. Typical examples are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl and heneicosyl.
  • alkylene groups are ethylene, propylene, 2-methylpropylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, 2-methyl-2-n-propyl-propylene and 2-ethyl-2-n-butyl-propylene.
  • C 1 -C 18 alkoxy is for example methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, dodecyloxy and octadecyloxy.
  • the alkoxy residues may contain straight chain alkyl or branched alkyl groups.
  • both R 11 are C 12 alkyl or C 18 alkyl and the R 12 are C 12 alkyl. (Anspruch 4)
  • the sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant must have a melting point of above 20° C. in order to be a solid at room temperature.
  • the melting point is above 25° C. and in particular above 30° C.
  • the thioether or thioether-ester has a melting point of more than 20° C. in order to be a solid at room temperature.
  • the melting point is above 25° C. and in particular above 30° C.
  • Particularly preferred sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants are:
  • compositions are for instance wherein in component b) the sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant is 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1′-methyltetradec-1′-yl)phenol or a mixture thereof and component c) is di-lauryl-thio-di-propionate, di-stearyl-thio-di-propionate or a mixture thereof. (Anspruch 6)
  • composition wherein in component b) the sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant is
  • the sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant, component b) is present in an amount from 50 ppm to 2000 ppm, preferably from 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, based on the weight of the halogen containing monomer. (Anspruch 8)
  • Component c) is, for example, present in an amount from 50 ppm to 2000 ppm, preferably from 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, based on the weight of the halogen containing monomer. (Anspruch 9)
  • the ratio of component b) to component c) is, for instance, from 1:10 to 10:1. (Anspruch 10)
  • the composition contains additionally a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant different from that of component b), a phosphorous containing stabilizer, a 2-benzofuranone stabilizer, a sterically hindered amine light stabilizer or a UV-absorber.
  • a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant different from that of component b
  • a phosphorous containing stabilizer e.g., a phosphorous containing stabilizer
  • 2-benzofuranone stabilizer e.g., 2-benzofuranone stabilizer
  • a sterically hindered amine light stabilizer e.g., a UV-absorber.
  • additives such as fillers, pigments, optical brighteners etc. may also be present. Examples of stabilizers and further additives are given below.
  • Alkylated monophenols for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, nonylphenols which are linear or branched in the side chains, for example 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol.
  • alkylated monophenols for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-buty
  • Alkylthiomethylphenols for example 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.
  • Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-phenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octade-cyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) adipate.
  • 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-phenol 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octade-cyloxyphenol, 2,6-
  • Tocopherols for example ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol and mixtures thereof (vitamin E).
  • O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds for example 3,5,3′,5′-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4′-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate.
  • Hydroxybenzylated malonates for example dioctadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, di-dodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.
  • Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds for example 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.
  • Triazine compounds for example 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-anilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris-( 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,
  • Benzylphosphonates for example dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, the calcium salt of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.
  • Acylaminophenols for example 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.
  • esters of ⁇ -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N′-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.
  • esters of ⁇ -(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N′-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
  • esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N′-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
  • Aminic antioxidants for example N,N′-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N′-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N′-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N′-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N′-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N′-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N′-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-
  • 2-(2′-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles for example 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3′,5′-di-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5′-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3′,5′-di-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxyphenyl)-5chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3′-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3′-sec-butyl-5′-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-4′-octyloxyphenyl
  • 2-Hydroxybenzophenones for example the 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2′,4′-trihydroxy and 2′-hydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxy derivatives.
  • Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids for example 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoyl resorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoyl resorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
  • Acrylates for example ethyl ⁇ -cyano- ⁇ , ⁇ -diphenylacrylate, isooctyl ⁇ -cyano- ⁇ , ⁇ -diphenylacrylate, methyl ⁇ -carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl ⁇ -cyano- ⁇ -methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl ⁇ -cyano- ⁇ -methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl ⁇ -carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate and N-( ⁇ -carbomethoxy- ⁇ -cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline.
  • Nickel compounds for example nickel complexes of 2,2′-thiobis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol], such as the 1:1 or 1:2 complex, with or without additional ligands such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel salts of the monoalkyl esters, e.g. the methyl or ethyl ester, of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylphosphonic acid, nickel complexes of ketoximes, e.g. of 2-hydroxy-4-methylphenylundecylketoxime, nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxypyrazole, with or without additional ligands.
  • additional ligands such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate,
  • Sterically hindered amines for example bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, the condensate of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) -2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensates of N,N′-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2
  • N-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl -4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza -4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane, a reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa -3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro-[4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin, 1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyloxycarbonyl) -2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene, N,N′-bis-formyl-N,N′-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl
  • Oxamides for example 4,4′-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2′-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2′-dioctyloxy-5,5′-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2′-didodecyloxy-5,5′di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2′-ethyloxanilide, N,N′-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2′-ethoxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2′-ethyl-5,4′-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.
  • Metal deactivators for example N,N′-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N′-salicyloyl hydrazine, N,N′-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyl dihydrazide, sebacoyl bisphenylhydrazide, N,N′-diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide, N,N′-bis(salicyloyl)oxalyl dihydrazide, N,N′-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.
  • N,N′-diphenyloxamide N
  • Phosphites and phosphonites for example triphenyl phosphite, diphenylalkyl phosphites, phenyldialkyl phosphites, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearylpentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphos
  • Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (Irgafos®168, Ciba-Geigy), tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, 5.
  • Hydroxylamines for example N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived from hydrogenated tallow amine. 6.
  • Nitrones for example N-benzyl-alpha-phenylnitrone, N-ethyl-alpha-methylnitrone, N-octyl-alpha-heptylnitrone, N-lauryl-alpha-undecylnitrone, N-tetradecyl-alpha-tridecylnitrone, N-hexadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-hexadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitrone, N-heptadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-hexadecylnitrone, nitrone derived from N,N-dialkyl
  • Peroxide scavengers for example esters of ⁇ -thiodipropionic acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl esters, mercaptobenzimidazole or the zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetrakis( ⁇ -dodecylmercapto)propionate.
  • Polyamide stabilisers for example copper salts in combination with iodides and/or phosphorus compounds and salts of divalent manganese.
  • Basic co-stabilisers for example melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids, for example calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc pyrocatecholate. 10.
  • Nucleating agents for example inorganic substances, such as talcum, metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, phosphates, carbonates or sulfates of, preferably, alkaline earth metals; organic compounds, such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and the salts thereof, e.g. 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate; polymeric compounds, such as ionic copolymers (ionomers).
  • inorganic substances such as talcum, metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, phosphates, carbonates or sulfates of, preferably, alkaline earth metals
  • organic compounds such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and the salts thereof, e.g. 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate
  • polymeric compounds such as ionic copolymers (
  • Fillers and reinforcing agents for example calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibres, glass bulbs, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, wood flour and flours or fibers of other natural products, synthetic fibers. 12.
  • additives for example plasticisers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheology additives, catalysts, flow-control agents, optical brighteners, flameproofing agents, antistatic agents and blowing agents. 13.
  • Benzofuranones and indolinones for example those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,863; U.S. Pat. No. 4,338,244; U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,312; U.S. Pat. No. 5,216,052; U.S. Pat. No.
  • the additives are conveniently added in an amount from 0.01 parts to 10 parts, preferably from 0.05 parts to 5 parts and in particular from 0.1 to 3 parts based on 100 parts of the halogen containing polymer. With the exception of the antioxidants described under item 1, these additives are typically added during the compounding stage of the halogen containing polymer.
  • a conventional antioxidant such as for example mentioned above under item 1, is additionally present in the composition.
  • additives which can optionally be added are for example classical PVC stabilizers, lubricants, pigments, fillers and plasticers. Examples are given below.
  • the organic zinc compounds which preferably contain a Zn—O-bond, are typically zinc enolates, zinc phenolates or/and zinc carboxylates. These latter are compounds from the series of the aliphatic saturated and unsaturated C 1-22 carboxylates, of the aliphatic saturated or unsaturated C 2-22 carboxylates, which are substituted by at least one OH group or/and whose chain is interrupted by at least one or more than one O atom (oxa acids), of the cyclic and bicyclic carboxylates containing 5-22 carbon atoms, of the phenylcarboxylates which are unsubstituted or substituted by at least one OH group and/or by C 1-16 alkyl, of the phenyl-C 1-16 alkylcarboxylates, or of the unsubstituted or C 1-12 alkyl-substituted phenolates, or of abietic acid.
  • Zn-S compounds are typically zinc mercaptides, zinc mercap
  • the zinc salts of the monovalent carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, oenanthic acid, octanoic acid, neodecanic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, pelargonic acid, decanoic add, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, myristylic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, isostearic acid, stearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, oleic add, ricinolic acid, 3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid, 3,6,9-trioxadecanoic acid, behenic acid, benzoic acid, p-tert-butyl-benzoic acid, dimethylhydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenz
  • the zinc enolates are preferably enolates of acetylacetone, benzoylacetone, dibenzoyl-methane as well as enolates of acetoacetic acid and benzoyl acetate and also dehydracetic acid. It is also possible to use inorganic zinc compounds, such as zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, zinc carbonate, basic zinc carbonate or zinc sulfide.
  • neutral or basic zinc carboxylates of a carboxylic acid having 1 to 22 carbon atoms typically benzoates or alkanoates, preferably C 8 alkanoates, stearate, oleate, laurate, palmitate, behenate, versatate, hydroxystearates and hydroxy-oleates, ricinoleate, dihydroxystearates, p-tert-butylbenzoate, or (iso)octanoate.
  • benzoates or alkanoates preferably C 8 alkanoates
  • benzoates or alkanoates preferably C 8 alkanoates
  • aluminium carboxylate such as basic aluminium monostearate, basic aluminium distearate, aluminium tristearate, calcium stearate, aluminium octoate, aluminium-2-ethylhexanoate, calcium-2-ethylhexanoate, barium-2-ethylhexanoate, potassium-2-ethylhexanoate, aluminium laurate, calcium oleate, barium oleate, calcium-t-butylbenzoate, basic aluminium acetates as well as aluminium enolates or magnesium enolates, such as aluminium acetylacetonate, magnesium acetylacetonate
  • oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and basic carbonates of the above-cited metals as well as their mixed salts with organic acids.
  • Typical examples are NaOH, KOH, CaO, Ca(OH 2 ), MgO, Mg(OH) 2 , CaCO 3 MgCO 3 dolomite, huntite, as well as fatty acid Na-, K-, Ca or Mg-salts.
  • the described metal compounds or mixtures thereof can be used in amounts of e.g. 0.0001 to 10, conveniently of 0.001 to 5, preferably of 0.01 to 3, e.g. of 0.01 to 1, parts by weight, based on 100 parts of halogen-containing polymer. They can also be obtained as mixed salts (co precipitates).
  • Suitable compounds of this type are for example:
  • the polyols can be used in an amount of e.g. 0.01 to 20, conveniently of 0.1 to 20 and, preferably, of 0.1 to 10, parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of component (i).
  • 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are acetylacetone, butanoylacetone, heptanoylacetone, stearoylacetone, palmitoylacetone, lauroylacetone, 7-tert-nonylthio-heptane-2,4-dione, benzoylacetone, dibenzoylmethane, lauroylbenzoylmethane, palmitoyl-benzoylmethane, stearoylbenzoylmethane, isooctylbenzoylmethane, 5-hydroxycapronyl-benzoylmethane, tribenzoylmethane, bis(4-methylbenzoyl)methane, benzoyl-p-chlorobenzoylmethane, bis(2-hydroxybenzoyl)methane, 4-methoxybenzoylbenzoylmethane, bis(4-methoxybenzoyl)methane, 1-benz
  • the 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds can be used in an amount of e.g. 0.01 to 10, conveniently of 0.01 to 3 and, preferably, of 0.01 to 2, parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of PVC.
  • epoxidised esters of fatty acids from natural sources such as soy bean oil or rape seed oil, are to be mentioned in particular.
  • the epoxy compounds are preferably used in amounts of e.g. 0.1 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of composition, conveniently of 0.1 to 30, preferably of 0.5 to 25 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of component (i).
  • Other examples are epoxidised polybutadiene, epoxidised linseed oil, epoxidised fish oil, epoxidised tallow, methylbutyl- or 2-ethylhexylepoxystearate, tris(epoxypropyl)isocyanurate, epoxidised castor oil, epoxidised sunflower oil, 3-phenoxy-1,2-epoxypropane, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, dicyclopentadiene diepoxide and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclo-hexanecarboxylate.
  • Suitable epoxides are also derivatives of bisphenol A and bisphenol F, as described, inter alia, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,492,949, U.S. Pat. No. 5,519,077 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,543,449.
  • Suitable monomeric dihydropyridines are the compounds described, inter alia, in FR-A-2039496, EP-A-2007, EP-A-362012, EP-A-24754 and EP-A-716123.
  • Preferred compounds are those of formula wherein Z is CO 2 CH 3 , CO 2 C 2 H 5 , CO 2 -n-C 12 H 25 or —CO 2 C 2 H 4 —S-n-C 12 H 25 .
  • Polydihydropyridines are preferably compounds of the following formula wherein T is unsubstituted C 1-12 alkyl.
  • L has the same meaning as T.
  • m and n are numbers from 0 to 20, k is 0 or 1
  • R and R′ are each independently of the other ethylene, propylene, butylene or an alkylene- or cycloalkylenebismethylene group of the -(—C p H 2p —X—) t C p H 2p type.
  • p is 2 to 8
  • t is 0 to 10
  • X is oxygen or sulfur.
  • the (poly-)dihydropyridines can be used in the halogen-containing polymer conveniently in an amount of 0.001 to 5 and, preferably, of 0.005 to 1, parts by weight, based on 100 parts of the polymer.
  • Thiodiethylene-bis[5methoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate] and 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dicarbododecyloxypyridine are particularly preferred.
  • Typical examples are those of formula M(ClO 4 ) n , wherein M is Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ba, Zn, Al, Ce or La. Depending on the valency of M, the index n is 1, 2 or 3.
  • the perchlorates can be complexed with alcohols or ether alcohols. Each perchlorate can be used in different standard forms of presentation; e.g. as salt or aqueous solution of the salts or of the free acid applied to a substrate such as PVC, calcium silicate, zeolites or hydrotalcites, or can be obtained by chemical reaction of hydrotalcite with perchloric acid.
  • the perchlorates can be used in an amount of e.g. 0.001 to 5, conveniently of 0.01 to 3, particularly preferably of 0.01 to 2, parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of component (i).
  • a n OH ⁇ , ClO 4 ⁇ , HCO 3 ⁇ , CH 3 COO ⁇ , C 6 H 5 COO ⁇ , CO 3 2 ⁇ , SO 4 ⁇ , (CHOHCOO) 2 2 ⁇ , (CH 2 COO) 2 2 ⁇ , CH 3 CHOHCOO ⁇ , HPO 3 2 ⁇ or HPO 4 2 ⁇ is preferred.
  • hydrotalcites comprising LiOH or Li 2 CO 3 (“solid solution”).
  • hydrotalcites examples are
  • zeolite series alkali metal alumosilicates or alkaline earth metal alumosilicates
  • zeolites sodium alumosilicates of formulae
  • Na 12 Al 12 Si 12 O 48 .27H 2 O [zeolite A], Na 6 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 .2 NaX. 7.5H 2 O, X ⁇ OH, halogen, ClO 4 [sodalite]; Na 6 Al 6 Si 30 O 72 . 24H 2 O; Na 8 Al 8 Si 40 O 96 . 24H 2 O; Na 16 Al 16 Si 24 O 80 . 16H 2 O; Na 16 Al 16 Si 32 O 98 . 16H 2 O; Na 56 Al 56 Si 136 O 384 . 250H 2 O [zeolite Y], Na 86 Al 86 Si 106 O 384 . 264H 2 O [zeolite X]; as well as X- and Y-zeolite in an Al/Si ratio of 1/1;
  • the zeolites which may be represented by the partial or complete exchange of the sodium atoms by Li atoms, K atoms, Mg atoms, Ca atoms, Sr atoms or Zn atoms such as (Na,K) 10 Al 10 Si 22 O 64 . 20H 2 O; Ca 4.5 Na 3 [(AlO 2 ) 12 (SiO 2 ) 12 ]. 30H 2 O; K 9 Na 3 [(AlO 2 ) 12 (SiO 2 ) 12 ]. 27H 2 O.
  • Suitable zeolites are:
  • zeolites are also suitable:
  • K offretite such as described in EP-A400 961
  • zeolite R such as described in GB-A-841 812
  • zeolite LZ-217 as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,023
  • zeolite T zeolite LZ-220, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,023
  • zeolite LZ-211 as described in U.S. Pat. No. -4,503,023
  • zeolite LZ-212 as described in U.S.
  • zeolite Na-P i.e. M is Na. This zeolite is usually obtained in the variants Na-P-1, NaP-2 and Na-P-3, which differ from each other in their cubical, tetragonal or orthorhombic structure (R. M. Barrer, B. M. Munday, J. Chem. Soc. A 1971, 2909-14).
  • zeolite P-1 corresponds to the gismondite structure known from the above Atlas of Zeolite Structures.
  • EP-A-384 070 makes a difference between the cubical (zeolite B or P c ) and the tetragonal (zeolite P 1 ) zeolite of the P type. It also mentions newer zeolites of the P type having Si:Al ratio of less than 1.07:1. These zeolites are called MAP or MA-P for “maximum aluminium P”. Depending on the method of preparation, zeolite P can contain minor amounts of other zeolites. A very pure zeolite P is described in WO-A-94/26662.
  • Sodium zeolite A, sodium zeolite P, sodium zeolite X and sodium zeolite Y are particularly preferred.
  • hydrotalcites and zeolites can also be naturally occurring minerals or synthetically obtained compounds.
  • the hydrotalcites and/or zeolites can be used in amounts of e.g. 0.1 to 50, conveniently of 0.1 to 10 and, preferably, of 0.1 to 5, parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of halogen-containing polymer.
  • the alumo salt compounds of formula (V) which may be used can be naturally occurring minerals or synthetically prepared compounds.
  • the metals can be partially exchanged for each other.
  • the cited alumo salt compounds are crystalline, partially crystalline or amorphous or can be in the form of a dried gel.
  • the alumo salt compounds can also be obtained in rarer crystalline modifications.
  • EP 394670 describes a method for the preparation of such compounds.
  • Typical examples of naturally occurring alumo salt compounds are indigirite, tunisite, alumohydrocalcite, para-alumohydrocalcite, strontiodresserite and hydrostrontiodresserite.
  • Other examples of alumo salt compounds are:
  • potassium alumocarbonate ⁇ (K 2 O).(Al 2 O 3 ).(CO 2 ) 2 .2H 2 O ⁇ ,
  • magnesium alumotetraborate ⁇ (MgO).(Al 2 O 3 ).(B 4 O 6 ) 2 .5H 2 O ⁇ ,
  • the mixed alumosalt compounds can be obtained by methods known per se by cation exchange, preferably from the alkali metal alumo salt compounds or by combination precipitation (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,055,284).
  • Preferred alumo salt compounds are those of the above formula, wherein M is Na or K; Z is CO 2 , SO 2 or (Cl 2 O 7 ) 1/2 ; m is 1-3; n 1-4; o is 2-4, and p is 0-20. Z is particularly preferably CO 2 .
  • DASC Sodium alumodihydroxycarbonate
  • DAPC homologous potassium compound
  • silicates having cation exchanger properties such as bentonites, magadiite, haremite, and the like.
  • the dawsonites can be used in an amount of e.g. 0.01 to 50, conveniently of 0.1 to 10, particularly preferably of 0.1 to 5, parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of halogen-containing polymer.
  • Suitable organic plasticiser are, for example, those of the following groups:
  • plasticisers are dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-iso-octyl phthalate, di-iso-nonyl phthalate, di-iso-decyl phthalate, di-iso-tridecyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, di-methylcyclohexyl phthalate, dimethyl glycol phthalate, dibutyl glycol phthalate, benzylbutyl phthalate and diphenyl phthalate as well as mixtures of phthalates, such as C 7-9 - and C 9-11 alkylphthalates of predominantly linear alcohols, C 6-10 -n-alkylphthalates and C 8-10 -n-alkylphthalates.
  • dibutyl phthalate dihexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-iso-octyl phthalate, di-iso-nonyl phthalate, di-iso-decyl phthalate, di-iso-tridecyl phthalate and benzylbutyl phthalate as well as the cited mixtures of alkyl phthalates.
  • di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-iso-decyl phthalate which are also known by their standard abbreviations DOP (dioctyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), DINP (diisononyl phthalate), DIDP (diisodecyl-phthalate).
  • esters of Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids in Particular Esters of Adipic Acid, Azelaic Acid and Sebaccic Acid
  • plasticisers are di-2-ethylhexyladipate, di-isooctyladipate (mixture), di-isononyl adipate (mixture), di-isodecyl adipate (mixture), benzyl butyl adipate, benzyl octyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl azelate, di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate and di-isodecyl sebacate (mixture).
  • Di-2-ethylhexyl adipate and di-isooctyl adipate are preferred.
  • trimellitate typically tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate, tri-isodecyltrimellitate (mixture), tri-isotridecyl trimellitate, tri-isooctyltrimellitate (mixture) as well as tri-C 6-8 alkyl trimellitate, tri-C 6-10 -alkyl trimellitate, tri-C 7-9 alkyl trimellitate and tri-C 9-11 alkyl trimellitate.
  • the last-mentioned trimellitates are obtained by esterifying the trimellitic acid with the corresponding alkanol mixtures.
  • Preferred trimellitates are tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate and the cited trimellitates of alkanol mixtures.
  • TOTM trioctyl trimellitate, tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate
  • TIDTM triisodecyl trimellitate
  • TITDTM triisotridecyl trimellitate
  • epoxidised unsaturated fatty acid such as epoxidised soy bean oil.
  • dicarboxylic acid such as adipic add, phthalic acid, azelaic acid and sebaccic acid
  • diols such as 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol and diethylene glycol.
  • phosphoric acid esters are tributyl phosphate, tri-2-ethylbutyl phosphate, tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, trichlorethyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyldi-phenyl phosphate, cresyldiphenyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate and trixyleneyl phosphate.
  • Tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate and ®Reofos 50 and 95 are preferred.
  • Monoesters e.g. butyl oleate, phenoxyethyl oleate, tetrahydrofurfuryl oleate and alkyl sulfonate.
  • Glycol Esters e.g. diglycol benzoate.
  • plasticisers of groups A) to J) are to be found in the following reference books:
  • the plasticisers can be used in an amount of e.g. 5 to 120, conveniently of 10 to 100, parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of PVC.
  • Lubricants which can be used are also described in “Taschenbuch der Kunststoffadditive”, edited by R. Gumbleter and H. Müller, Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd Ed. 1989, pages 478-488. Prior to being added to the polymeric materials, the lubricants can also be blended with the stabilisers.
  • Suitable fillers can be for example: calcium carbonate, dolomite, wollastonite, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, silicates, glass fibres, talcum, kaolin, chalk, mica, metal oxides and metal hydroxides, carbon black or graphite. Chalk is preferred.
  • Suitable materials are known to the skilled person.
  • Typical examples of inorganic pigments are TiO 2 , carbon black, Fe 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 3 , (Ti,Ba,Sb)O 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , spinells, such a cobalt blue and cobalt green, Cd(S,Se), ultramarine blue.
  • TiO 2 also in micronised form, is preferred.
  • Organic pigments are, for example, azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, perylene pigments, pyrrolopyrrylidone pigments and anthraquinone pigments. Further details are to be found in “Handbook of PVC Formulating”, E. J. Wickson, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1993, p. 449-474.
  • organotin compounds are, for example, organotin oxides, organotin sulfides, organotin carboxylates, organotin mercaptocarboxylates, organotin mercaptides and/or organotin mercaptocarboxylates, such as dibutyltin oxide, dioctyltin maleinate, dibutyltin maleic acid semiester, bis-dibutyltin-2-ethylhexanoate oxide and other SnO compounds, such as described, inter alia, in EP-A-573394.
  • organotin oxides such as dibutyltin oxide, dioctyltin maleinate, dibutyltin maleic acid semiester, bis-dibutyltin-2-ethylhexanoate oxide and other SnO compounds, such as described, inter alia, in EP-A-573394.
  • Suitable organotin mercaptides are, for example, compounds of the general structure R n Sn(SA) 4-n , wherein R is, inter alia, a methyl, butyl, octyl, lauryl or carbobutoxyethyl group, n is 1 or 2, nd A is typically a decyl, dodecyl or carboalkoxymethyl or carboalkyloxyethyl radical, and the alkoxy moiety is a straight-chain or branched C 6 -C 18 alkoxy or C 5 -C 8 cycloalkoxy radical.
  • Illustrative examples of such tin compounds are dimethyltin bis-carboiso-octyloxymethyl mercaptide, dibutyltin dilauryl mercaptide, dioctyltin bis-carbo-2-ethylhexoxy-methyl mercaptide, dimethyltin bismercaptoethyl stearate, octyltin tris-carbo-2-ethylhexoxy-methyl mercaptide, monomethyltin mercaptoethyl oleate sulfide and bis-dimethyltin mercaptoethyl stearate sulfide.
  • Suitable organic nitrogen compounds are, for example, ureas and thioureas, aminobenzene sulfonates, aminobenzoates, aminobenzamides, cyanamides, dicyandiamides, guanidines, guanamines, melamines, indoles, aminocrotonates, tetrazoles, triazoles, substituted amino-triazoles, m-aminophenols, aminouracils, pyrroles, aminopyrroles, and others, such as described, inter alia, in DE-A-746 081, U.S. Pat. No.
  • the above mentioned optional additives can be added to the polymers for example during the compounding stage in known manner, by mixing said compounds and further optional additives with the halogen-containing polymer using known apparatus such as mixers, calenders, kneaders, extruders, mills and the like. In this process they can be added singly or in admixture, or also in the form of so-called masterbatches.
  • the novel polymer compositions can be brought into the desired shape by known methods, such as calendering, extruding, injection moulding, sintering or spinning, and also by extrusion blow moulding or processing by the plastisol process.
  • the polymer compositions can also be processed to foams.
  • the final polymer compositions are suitable e.g. for semirigid or soft formulations, for example for soft formulations for wire sheaths, cable insulations, floorings, tubes and sealing profiles.
  • said polymer compositions are suitable for decorative films, foams, agricultural sheeting, tubes, sealing profiles, office films, extruded profiles and plates, flooring films and panels, coating materials and artificial leather as well as crash-pad films (for use in automobiles).
  • the compositions are suitable for hollow articles (bottles), packaging films, thermoforming films, blown films, crash-pad films (automobiles), pipes, foams, heavy profiles (window frames), light-wall profiles, building profiles, sidings, fittings, and apparatus housings (computers and domestic appliances) as well as other injection moulded articles.
  • Examples of the use of the compositions stabilised according to this invention as plastisols are artificial leather, coating materials, floorings, textile coatings, wall coverings, coil coatings, crash-pad films and automotive underseals.
  • Examples of sintered applications of the polymer compositions stabilized according to this invention are slush, slush mould and coil coatings.
  • a further aspect of the invention is a process for the stabilization of halogen containing polymers against thermal degradation, which process comprises adding to the halogen containing polymer during or after the polymerization process
  • PVC can be produced from vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) by three different processes.
  • VCM vinyl chloride monomer
  • the most widely used is the suspension type polymerization, which accounts for approximately 80-85%.
  • Droplets of liquid vinyl chloride are dispersed in water using a protective colloid in a pressurized agitated reactor. Polymerization occurs inside the droplets as a result of the use of an oil-soluble initiator.
  • the product is in the form of 100-150 ⁇ m diameter porous grains.
  • Another process is the emulsion route, in which the monomer is dispersed in water, using agitation and powerful surfactants and the polymerization is carried out in the aqueous phase, using a water soluble initiator.
  • the polymerization product is in the form of an aqueous latex dispersion of PVC particles 0.1-2.0 ⁇ m in diameter. These are spray-dried to form larger agglomerates, which are milled before being dispersed in solvents and plasticizers to give plastisols, used in a variety of spreading and dipping applications.
  • the third route is bulk or mass polymerization. As the name implies the polymerization is carried out in vinyl chloride (VCM) in the absence of water.
  • VCM vinyl chloride
  • the components b) and c) can be added during the polymerization reaction or after the reaction is completed.
  • the overwhelming amount of polyvinyl chloride is prepared by suspension polymerization.
  • the vinyl chloride monomer and an initiator are dispersed by agitation into a water phase at proper temperature and pressure.
  • Suspending agents such as methyl or ethyl cellulose, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol or other water-soluble polymers are utilized to stabilize the suspension during the polymerization reaction.
  • Unreacted VCM is removed by a vacuum stripping process.
  • the fine granules of polymer in the form of a slurry are discharged from the reactor and centrifuged or filtered to remove the water. Thorough washing and drying of the polymer to remove traces of the suspension stabilizer and the reaction medium conclude the procedure.
  • the pressure in the system begins to drop, followed very shortly by a peak in the polymerization rate. Beyond the peak, the rate begins to drop sharply and the polymer beads become less porous as the free monomer is absorbed into the polymer and polymerizes.
  • Such change in the particle character both in terms of porosity and particle size distribution, is disadvantageous to the manufacturer in terms of reduced performance and economy of production.
  • the granulated porous structure is desired for enhanced plasticizer uptake to form dry blends for various extruding or calendaring operations.
  • the manufacturer will terminate the polymerization reaction prior to complete monomer conversion. The experience of the manufacturer will best determine the point at which polymerization is terminated to give high quality polymer, although 70 to 90% conversion reflects a general termination point.
  • Components b) and c) are preferably added at this stage of PVC manufacture. (Anspruch 13)
  • Yet a further aspect of the invention is the use of a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant with a melting point of more than 20° C. together with a thioether or thioether-ester with a melting point of more than 20° C. according to claim 1 for the thermal stabilization of aqueous suspensions or emulsions of halogen containing polymers.
  • a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant with a melting point of more than 20° C. together with a thioether or thioether-ester with a melting point of more than 20° C.
  • a standard PVC polymerization reaction is carried out according to the suspension process in batch operation.
  • a double jacketed pressure reactor of a volume of 5000 ml is operated at a temperature of 57° C., and a stirrer velocity of 1000 rpm. The pressure and the temperature in the reactor during the reaction are recorded.
  • the heat stability of PVC resins is evaluated by measuring the dehydrochlorination reaction using a “763 PVC Thermomat®” (supplier Metrohm AG, CH 9101 Herisau, Switzerland).
  • the amount of hydrochloric acid released from the PVC resin is a measure for its thermal instability.
  • the amount of hydrochloric acid is quantified by dissolving it in water, and measuring the conductivity of the solution (see Table 1). The longer it takes to reach a certain level of conductivity, the more stable is the resin.
  • the heat stability of PVC compounds is measured by preparing mill blends based on the following recipe: PVC Resin (S-PVC K-60) 300 g Commercial Processing Aid 9 g Wax 2 g Calcium Stearate 2 g Methyl tin mercaptide stabilizer 1 g
  • the blend is placed on a heated 2 roll mill at about 195° C. for up to 15 minutes. Every 3 minutes material is removed from the mill and pressed into plaques. The color (Yellowness Index, YI according to DIN 6174) of the plaques is measured. The lower the YI, the better the thermal stability of the PVC compound (Table 2).

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WO2009112453A1 (de) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von leder mit geringer neigung zum vergilben
US20090312465A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2009-12-17 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer
US20110196082A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2011-08-11 Basf Se Storage-stable aqueous emulsions and liquid blends with low viscosity as stabilizers
CN103897274A (zh) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-02 江苏爱特恩东台新材料科技有限公司 一种专用于含卤橡胶的稳定剂组合物
US20160002434A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2016-01-07 Arkema France Halogenated polymer composite composition, its manufacturing process and its use
WO2019070208A1 (en) * 2017-10-06 2019-04-11 Thai Plastic And Chemicals Public Co., Ltd. ANTIOXIDANT COMPOSITION
CN109897308A (zh) * 2019-03-18 2019-06-18 浙江东阳君邦科技有限公司 一种片状钙锌稳定剂
CN112852016A (zh) * 2021-01-13 2021-05-28 徐州工业职业技术学院 Pvc用含氮热稳定剂组合物及其应用
CN113337051A (zh) * 2021-06-08 2021-09-03 杜云彩 一种金属纤维永久性导电防静电塑料地板

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WO2009112453A1 (de) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von leder mit geringer neigung zum vergilben
EP2351736A1 (de) * 2008-03-13 2011-08-03 Basf Se Lösungen von Thioethern und ihre Verwendung zur Herstellung von Leder
US20090312465A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2009-12-17 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer
US8287765B2 (en) 2008-06-17 2012-10-16 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Systems and compositions for color stabilization of polymer
US20110196082A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2011-08-11 Basf Se Storage-stable aqueous emulsions and liquid blends with low viscosity as stabilizers
US20160002434A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2016-01-07 Arkema France Halogenated polymer composite composition, its manufacturing process and its use
US10392491B2 (en) * 2013-01-24 2019-08-27 Arkema France Halogenated polymer composite composition, its manufacturing process and its use
CN103897274A (zh) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-02 江苏爱特恩东台新材料科技有限公司 一种专用于含卤橡胶的稳定剂组合物
WO2019070208A1 (en) * 2017-10-06 2019-04-11 Thai Plastic And Chemicals Public Co., Ltd. ANTIOXIDANT COMPOSITION
CN109897308A (zh) * 2019-03-18 2019-06-18 浙江东阳君邦科技有限公司 一种片状钙锌稳定剂
CN112852016A (zh) * 2021-01-13 2021-05-28 徐州工业职业技术学院 Pvc用含氮热稳定剂组合物及其应用
CN113337051A (zh) * 2021-06-08 2021-09-03 杜云彩 一种金属纤维永久性导电防静电塑料地板

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