US20060230869A1 - Modular pedal assembly for vehicles - Google Patents

Modular pedal assembly for vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060230869A1
US20060230869A1 US10/543,344 US54334404A US2006230869A1 US 20060230869 A1 US20060230869 A1 US 20060230869A1 US 54334404 A US54334404 A US 54334404A US 2006230869 A1 US2006230869 A1 US 2006230869A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pedal
brake
assembly
state
modular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/543,344
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christopher Cosby
Douglas Crow
David Hardy
Paul Morgan
Duane Newman
Geoff Stewart
Michael Welsh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Club Car LLC
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US10/543,344 priority Critical patent/US20060230869A1/en
Assigned to CLUB CAR, INC. reassignment CLUB CAR, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: COSBY, CHRISTOPHER D., CROW, DOUGLAS T., HARDY, DAVID R., MORGAN, PAUL E., NEWMAN, DUANE E., STEWART, GEOFF D., WELSH, MICHAEL L.
Publication of US20060230869A1 publication Critical patent/US20060230869A1/en
Priority to US12/903,289 priority patent/US10296036B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/30—Controlling members actuated by foot
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/44—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating braking action or preparation for braking, e.g. by detection of the foot approaching the brake pedal
    • B60Q1/441—Electric switches operable by the driver's pedals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/30—Controlling members actuated by foot
    • G05G1/36—Mounting units comprising an assembly of two or more pedals, e.g. for facilitating mounting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/30—Controlling members actuated by foot
    • G05G1/38—Controlling members actuated by foot comprising means to continuously detect pedal position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/30—Controlling members actuated by foot
    • G05G1/46—Means, e.g. links, for connecting the pedal to the controlled unit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G5/00—Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member
    • G05G5/005—Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member for preventing unintentional use of a control mechanism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G5/00—Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member
    • G05G5/12—Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member for holding members in an indefinite number of positions, e.g. by a toothed quadrant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K26/00—Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20528—Foot operated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20528—Foot operated
    • Y10T74/20534—Accelerator

Definitions

  • This invention relates to vehicles such as golf cars, utility vehicles, and neighborhood vehicles, and more particularly to accelerator pedals and brake pedals for such vehicles.
  • Conventional golf cars and utility vehicles may be expensive and time consuming to assemble. This is because most conventional vehicles and utility vehicles are assembled one piece at a time, stacking each upon the next, and the amount of time and labor required to assemble a conventional vehicle may be substantial because of this process.
  • Golf cars and utility vehicles may have either an electric motor drive system or an internal combustion engine drive system, and the footprint and packaging of an electric drive system may be significantly different than the footprint and packaging of a gas drive system. Therefore, during the assembly of a conventional golf car or utility vehicle, the difference in the sizes and shapes of parts may require as much as two separate chassis for electric and gas drive vehicles, and most conventional accelerator assemblies are different for an electric drive vehicle then for a gas drive vehicle. This is because the parts coupled to the accelerator and the interconnection of the accelerator with the drive system may vary significantly between drive systems.
  • the present invention is a modular pedal assembly for use with a vehicle that includes a motor, a control circuit operatively connected with the motor, and a brake assembly.
  • the pedal assembly comprises a base removably connectable with the vehicle and a brake pedal movably coupled with the base and operatively coupleable with the brake system.
  • An accelerator pedal is movably coupled with the base so as to be displaceable between a first position and a second position and is operatively coupleable with the motor or and the control circuit.
  • a sensor is configured to sense displacement of the accelerator pedal and is electrically connectable with the control circuit, such that the circuit regulates and/or operates the motor when the sensor senses displacement of the accelerator pedal.
  • the present invention is a modular pedal assembly mountable as a module upon a golf car having either a gas engine or an electric motor drive.
  • the modular pedal assembly has a mounted state, in which the modular pedal assembly is mounted in the vehicle, and an unmounted state.
  • the modular pedal assembly comprises a base adapted to be mounted in a vehicle in the mounted state and a first pedal pivotally coupled to the base in the unmounted state of the modular pedal assembly.
  • the first pedal has a portion coupled to the brake assembly in the mounted state of the modular pedal assembly.
  • a second pedal is pivotally coupled to the base in the unmounted state of the modular pedal assembly and has a portion coupled to the drive in the mounted state of the modular pedal assembly.
  • the second pedal has an unactuated state and an actuated state, the actuated state being defined by pivotal movement of the second pedal with respect to the base.
  • a control output regulator is coupled to the second pedal in the unmounted state of the modular pedal assembly and is also electrically coupled to the drive assembly in the mounted state of the modular pedal assembly.
  • the control output regulator is adaptable to be used with vehicles driven by gas engines and electrical motors and has a sensor positioned to detect the pivotal position of the second pedal and configured to communicate the position to the drive in the mounted state of the modular pedal assembly.
  • the present invention is a method of making a vehicle comprising the following steps: fabricating a vehicle body; selecting a type of drive system for the vehicle, including selecting one of an electric motor and a gas engine; coupling one of an electric motor and gas engine to the body corresponding to the type of drive system selected; coupling a brake system to the body; assembling a modular pedal assembly; coupling the modular pedal assembly to the body; and coupling the modular pedal assembly to the drive system and to the brake system.
  • Assembling the modular assembly includes the substeps of: providing a base; coupling a brake pedal to the base; coupling an accelerator pedal to the base, the accelerator pedal having an unactuated state and an actuated state; selecting a control output regulator corresponding to the type of drive system selected, including selecting one of a gas control output regulator and a motor control output regulator; and coupling the control output regulator selected to the accelerator pedal, the control output regulator having a sensor to sense the state of the accelerator pedal.
  • the present invention is a golf car fabricated by the above-recited method.
  • the present invention is a modular pedal assembly mountable as a module in a vehicle, the modular pedal assembly having a mounted state in which the modular pedal assembly is mounted in the vehicle and an unmounted state.
  • the modular pedal assembly comprises a base adapted to be mounted in a vehicle in the mounted state and a brake pedal pivotally coupled to the base in the unmounted state of the modular pedal assembly.
  • An accelerator pedal is pivotally coupled to the base in the unmounted state of the modular pedal assembly and a parking brake assembly is coupled to the base in the unmounted state of the modular pedal assembly.
  • the parking brake assembly is moveable between a coupled and uncoupled position with respect to the brake pedal.
  • the parking brake assembly has an engagement element, with the engagement element having a projection or/and a recess, and a recess or/and a projection being provided on the brake pedal.
  • the projection and/or recess on the engagement element is selectively engageable with the recess and/or projection on the brake pedal, engagement of the projection and/or recess on the engagement element with the recess and/or projection defining the coupled position of the parking brake assembly.
  • an arm is coupled to the brake pedal and has a first position and a second position with respect to the engagement element. The first position of the arm restricts engagement of the engagement element with the brake pedal and defines the uncoupled position of the parking brake assembly and the second position of the arm allows engagement of the engagement element with the brake pedal and defines the coupled position of the parking brake assembly.
  • the present invention is a method of assembling a vehicle having a modular pedal assembly, the method comprising the steps of: fabricating a vehicle chassis; coupling a drive system to the chassis; coupling a brake system to the chassis; assembling a parking brake assembly, assembling a modular pedal assembly; coupling the modular pedal assembly to the body as a module; and coupling the modular pedal assembly to the drive system and to the brake system.
  • the step of assembling a parking brake assembly includes the substeps of providing a carriage; and coupling a pawl to the carriage.
  • the step of assembling a modular pedal assembly includes the substeps of: providing a base; coupling a brake pedal to the base, the brake pedal having a toothed portion for selective engagement with the pawl and an arm pivotally coupled to the brake pedal, the arm selectively engageable with a portion of the parking brake assembly; coupling an accelerator pedal to the base, the accelerator pedal having an unactuated state and an actuated state; positioning the parking brake assembly adjacent the brake pedal and the accelerator pedal for selective engagement with the brake pedal and the accelerator pedal; and coupling the parking brake assembly to the base for movement between an engaged position and a disengaged position with respect to the brake pedal;
  • the present invention is a brake lamp illumination system for a vehicle having a braking system operable with a brake pedal, the brake pedal having an actuated state and an unactuated state.
  • the brake lamp illumination system comprises a circuit having an open state corresponding to the unactuated state of the brake pedal and a closed state corresponding to the actuated state of the brake pedal.
  • a non-contact switch is coupled to the circuit and adjacent the brake pedal, the non-contact switch having a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter being capable of communicating with the receiver with the brake pedal in the unactuated state and incapable of communicating with the receiver with the pedal in the actuated state.
  • a brake lamp is coupled to the circuit, the light having a non-illuminated state when the circuit is open and an illuminated state when the circuit is closed.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle having a modular pedal assembly in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial prospective view of the vehicle illustrated in FIG. 1 showing the modular pedal assembly
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the decorative body of the vehicle illustrated in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the underbody or chassis of the vehicle illustrated in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of the underbody illustrated in FIG. 4 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the modular pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 5 showing the portions of the pedal assembly located under the base, including portions of the pedals and a control output regulator;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the modular pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 5 showing some of the outputs of the modular pedal assembly;
  • FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of the modular pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 5 with the control output regulator removed and showing several elements of the parking brake assembly;
  • FIG. 9 is a partial perspective view of the modular pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 5 with the control output regulator removed and showing several of components of the modular assembly, including the parking brake assembly;
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the modular pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 5 removed from the base;
  • FIG. 11A is a more diagrammatic view of one embodiment of a control output regulator for use with a electric drive vehicle and components of the electric vehicle;
  • FIG. 11B is a more diagrammatic view of one embodiment of a control output regulator for use with a gas drive vehicle and components of the gas vehicle;
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the accelerator pedal assembly, including a pedal, a shaft, a pin, an output portion, and a biased portion;
  • FIG. 13A is a perspective view of a portion of the parking brake engagement assembly, including a carriage, a lever, a roller, and an engagement element having a projection;
  • FIG. 13B is a perspective view from a different angle of the portion of the parking brake engagement assembly illustrated in FIG. 13A ;
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the brake pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 10 , including the service brake pedal having a toothed portion and an output portion, the parking brake pedal, and an arm;
  • FIG. 15 is a partial perspective view of the reverse side of the brake pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 14 showing the parking brake pedal nested within a portion of the service brake pedal and interconnected to the service brake pedal;
  • FIG. 16 is a partial perspective view of the pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 10 showing the pedals in the unactuated state and the parking brake in the disengaged;
  • FIG. 17 is a partial perspective view of the pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 16 showing arm coupled to the brake pedal assembly preventing the parking brake engagement assembly from engaging the toothed portion of the brake pedal assembly;
  • FIG. 18 is a partial perspective view of the pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 10 showing the service brake pedal in the actuated state and the parking brake engagement assembly held in the disengaged position by the arm;
  • FIG. 19 is a partial perspective view of the pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 10 showing the parking brake pedal in the actuated state with respect to the service brake pedal and the arm rotated, allowing the parking brake engagement assembly to abut the toothed portion;
  • FIG. 20 is a partial perspective view of the pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 10 showing the service brake pedal actuated and the parking brake pedal in the actuated with respect to the service brake pedal, placing the pedal assembly in the parked state;
  • FIG. 21 is a partial perspective view of FIG. 20 showing the arm rotated and the projection of the engagement element engaged with the toothed portion of the service brake pedal assembly;
  • FIG. 22 is a partial perspective view of FIG. 20 showing the accelerator pedal in an unactuated state and the lever of the parking brake engagement assembly abutting the pin on the accelerator pedal assembly;
  • FIG. 23 is a partial perspective view similar to FIG. 22 showing the accelerator pedal assembly actuated and the lever of the parking brake engagement assembly no longer abutting the pin on the accelerator pedal assembly;
  • FIG. 24 is a simplified side view of the pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 10 showing some of the components comprising the parking brake engagement assembly including the arm, the engagement element, and the serrate portion;
  • FIG. 25A is a simplified side view of the pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 24 showing the cam surface on the arm engaging a roller on the carriage to prevent engagement of the parking brake as the service brake is actuated;
  • FIG. 25B is a simplified side view of the pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 24 showing the cam surface on the arm disengaged from the roller on the carriage due to actuation of the parking brake pedal with respect to the service brake and allowing engagement of the parking brake;
  • FIG. 26 is substantially the same view as illustrated in FIG. 25B with the arm and roller removed for clarity;
  • FIG. 27A is a simplified side view of the pedal assembly illustrated in FIG. 24 showing parking brake engaged, the accelerator pedal assembly in the unactuated state, and the lever of the parking brake engagement assembly abutting the pin on the accelerator pedal assembly;
  • FIG. 27B is substantially the same view as illustrated in FIG. 27A showing the parking brake becoming disengaged due to actuation of the accelerator pedal assembly;
  • FIG. 28 is a more diagrammatic illustration of non-contact switch coupled to a brake pedal, a timer, and brake lamps;
  • FIG. 29 is a more diagrammatic illustration of the accelerator pedal, depicting two limit positions of the pedal.
  • FIG. 30 is a more diagrammatic illustration of the brake pedals, depicting two limit positions of the pedal.
  • FIGS. 1-29 a preferred construction of a modular pedal assembly 10 for use with a vehicle 1 , the vehicle 1 including a motor 2 , a control circuit 3 operatively connected with the motor 2 , and a brake assembly 4 .
  • the modular pedal assembly 10 basically comprises a base 11 removably connectable with the vehicle 1 , an accelerator pedal 12 and at least one and preferably two brake pedals 13 , 14 movably coupled with the base 11 , and at least one sensor 15 configured to sense displacement of the accelerator pedal 12 . As depicted in FIG.
  • the accelerator pedal 12 is displaceable between a first, initial position P A1 , at which the pedal 12 is in an “unactuated state”, and a second, maximum travel position P A2 , the pedal 12 being in an, “actuated state” at the second position P A2 and all positions between the two limit positions PA A1 , P A2 .
  • the accelerator pedal 12 is pivotally coupled with the base 11 , so as to be angularly displaceable about an axis 12 a, and is operatively coupleable with the motor 2 and/or with the control circuit 3 .
  • Each brake pedal 13 , 14 is preferably pivotally coupled with the base 11 , so as to be angularly displaceable about an axis 13 a, 14 a between a first, initial position P B1 and a second, maximum travel position P B2 ( FIG. 30 ) and are each operatively coupled with the brake assembly 4 of the vehicle 1 , as discussed below.
  • the “service” brake pedal 13 is used for braking or stopping of the vehicle 1 during vehicle operation and the “parking” brake pedal 14 is used to maintain the brake assembly 4 engaged with the wheel shafts (not shown) and is releasably lockable at the second position P B2 .
  • the accelerator pedal 12 is operatively coupled with the parking brake pedal 14 , such that when the brake pedal 14 is locked at the second position P B2 , displacement of the accelerator pedal 12 releases the parking brake pedal 14 from the second position P B2 .
  • the one or more sensors 15 are each configured to sense displacement of the accelerator pedal 14 and each is electrically connectable with the control circuit 3 .
  • the control circuit 3 regulates and/or operates the motor 2 and/or operates the motor 2 when the sensor 15 senses displacement of the accelerator pedal 12 , i.e., when the accelerator pedal 12 “actuates” by displacing from the initial position P A1 toward the second, maximum travel position P A2 .
  • the one or more sensors 15 are incorporated into a control output regulator 16 of the pedal assembly 10 that also includes a housing 24 or 34 , the sensor(s) 15 being disposed within the housing 24 or 34 .
  • the housing 24 or 34 is removably connected with the base 11 so as to position the sensor 15 generally proximal to the accelerator pedal 12 , as described in further detail below.
  • the modular pedal assembly 10 may be used with a vehicle 1 having a motor 2 that is either an electric motor 28 or an internal combustion or “gas” engine 37 , the primary difference being the particular control output regulator 16 connected with the base 11 .
  • the vehicle 1 includes a battery 31 and the control circuit 3 includes a controller 27 configured to regulate either the voltage or the current between the battery 31 and the motor 28 .
  • An “electric” motor control output regulator 23 preferably includes a housing 24 and two sensors 15 disposed within the housing 24 , specifically a first sensor 25 and a second sensor 26 .
  • the first sensor 25 is a limit switch electrically connected with the controller 27 such that the controller 27 is “turned-on” when the pedal 12 displaces from the initial position P A1 and towards the second position P A2 .
  • the second sensor 26 is variable resistor or potentiometer configured to generate a signal proportional to a displacement d A of the accelerator pedal 12 from the initial position P A1 , such that the controller 27 adjusts either the voltage or current to the motor 28 to be generally proportional to pedal displacement d A ( FIG. 29 ).
  • the motor 2 is a gas engine 37
  • the engine 37 has at least one and preferably a plurality of spark plugs and a starter motor
  • the control circuit 3 includes a starter circuit with a solenoid 39 operatively coupled with the starter motor and a magneto 41 electrically coupleable with the spark plugs, as depicted in FIG. 11B
  • a “gas” motor control output regulator 33 preferably includes a housing 34 and two sensors 15 disposed within the housing 34 , specifically a first sensor 35 and a second sensor 36 .
  • the first sensor 35 is a limit switch electrically connected with the solenoid 39 such that the solenoid 39 is electrically connected with the starter motor of the engine 37 when the accelerator pedal 12 displaces from the initial position P A1 and towards the second position P A2 .
  • the second sensor 37 is a limit switch electrically connected with the magneto 41 such that the magneto 41 is electrically coupled with the spark plugs when the accelerator pedal 12 displaces from the initial position P A1 .
  • the engine 37 preferably includes a carburetor 43 with a throttle and the accelerator pedal 12 is operatively connected with the throttle by means of a cable 43 a.
  • the modular pedal assembly 10 is preferably used with a vehicle 1 that is constructed as a golf car 1 (as shown) or a utility vehicle.
  • vehicle 1 includes a body or chassis 5 that has an underbody portion 6 to which the modular pedal assembly 10 is preferably mounted.
  • the underbody portion 6 includes a mounting cavity 7 sized to receive the pedal group 10 , as discussed in further detail below.
  • the modular pedal assembly 10 of the present invention may be used with any other type of vehicle.
  • the modular pedal 10 may be used with a vehicle 1 that is a standard passenger automobile, a sports utility vehicle, a commercial truck, an off-road vehicle (e.g., dune buggy) having any type of drive system and/or other appropriate structure for connecting the pedal assembly 10 with the vehicle 1 (no alternatives shown).
  • vehicle 1 that is a standard passenger automobile, a sports utility vehicle, a commercial truck, an off-road vehicle (e.g., dune buggy) having any type of drive system and/or other appropriate structure for connecting the pedal assembly 10 with the vehicle 1 (no alternatives shown).
  • the pedal assembly 10 is coupled to the vehicle 1 as a modular unit or “module”.
  • the base 11 is connectable with the vehicle 1 to connect the entire modular pedal assembly 10 to the vehicle 1 and the base 11 is alternatively removable from the vehicle 1 to remove the entire modular pedal assembly 10 from the vehicle 1 .
  • the pedals 12 , 13 and 14 are coupled or connected with the base 1 1 before the base 11 is mounted on the vehicle 1 , and then the pedals 12 , 13 , 14 are correctly positioned on the vehicle 1 when the base 11 is connected or mounted thereto.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate how a modular pedal assembly 10 may be mounted with respect to vehicle 1 , preferably to the body 5 of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle body or chassis 5 has an aperture or mounting cavity 7 designed to receive and secure the modular pedal assembly 10 to the vehicle 1 .
  • the aperture/cavity 7 of the chassis 5 is designed to house and protect many of the moving and electrical parts (if any) from the environment.
  • the modular pedal assembly 10 including the base 11 , the pedals 13 , 14 , and a control output regulator 16 , is placed within the cavity 7 of the chassis as an assembled module. As such, very little manipulation or adjustment of the modular pedal assembly 10 is required once placed onto the chassis 5 .
  • the brake output rod 17 is then connected to the brake system 4 by a brake cable 4 a, two electrical connections 3 a are made with the control circuit 3 a, 3 b, and depending on the drive system, the accelerator pedal 12 may be coupled directly to the motor 2 .
  • an upper body panel 8 including floorboards 9 , may be placed around and partially over the modular pedal assembly 10 and connected with the underbody 6 .
  • the floorboards 9 cover and protect the cables and electrical components of the modular pedal assembly 10 from the environment.
  • the floorboards 9 cover and protect the cables and electrical components of the modular pedal assembly 10 from the environment.
  • the floorboards 9 cover and protect the cables and electrical components of the modular pedal assembly 10 from the environment.
  • the fully assembled state only a portion of the pedals and a debris shield 21 of the modular pedal assembly 10 are exposed to the environment.
  • the pedal assembly 10 is illustrated as being mounted on the floor of a vehicle 1 , the pedal assembly 10 may be mounted in other areas such as the inclined area between the floorboard and the dash of the vehicle 1 .
  • the modular pedal assembly 10 has a base 11 and a plurality of pedals coupled to the base 11 , which may include any combination of an accelerator pedal assembly 12 , a service brake pedal assembly 13 , a parking brake pedal assembly 14 , clutch pedal, or any other appropriate vehicle pedal.
  • the illustrated embodiment comprises an accelerator pedal assembly 12 , a service brake pedal assembly 13 , and a parking brake pedal assembly 14 , it should be noted that the parking brake pedal 14 is not necessary for all applications.
  • the pedals may be coupled to the base 11 by one or more moveable connections, such as a pivot.
  • the accelerator pedal 12 is coupled to the base 11 by a first pivot 19 and the service brake 13 and parking brake 14 are coupled to the base 11 by a second pivot 20 .
  • two separate pivots are used in the embodiment illustrated in the figures, other embodiments may use more or less pivots then illustrated.
  • some embodiments may use a single pivot for two or more pedals.
  • the illustrated accelerator pedal 12 has a shaft portion 64 that substantially surrounds and couples to the pivot 19 .
  • the pivot 19 is secured to the accelerator shaft 64 to rotate with the accelerator 12 when the accelerator 12 is actuated.
  • the shaft 64 may be secured to the pivot by a fastener, a male/female connection, a force fit, a friction fit, adhesive, and the like.
  • the accelerator pedal 12 does not need to be secured to the pivot 19 in all embodiments.
  • the shaft portion 64 pivots with respect to the pivot 19 (structure not shown).
  • portions of the pivot 19 are coupled to the base 11 via a bracket 40 on the base 11 .
  • these portions of the pivot 19 may rest in bearings mounted to the bracket 40 . As best illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 , a portion of the pivot 19 extends beyond the bracket 40 . This portion of the pivot 19 rotates as the accelerator 12 is actuated. As will be discussed in greater detail below, this portion of the pivot 19 is coupled to a control output regulator 16 .
  • Another portion 65 of the accelerator 12 is coupled to one or more biasing members 18 .
  • the biasing member also has a damper member.
  • the biasing members 18 as illustrated in FIG. 6 are also coupled to the base 11 . This structure allows the accelerator pedal 12 to be biased toward the initial or unactuated position P A1 . Thus, when the accelerator pedal 12 is actuated, the biasing members 18 exert a force against a portion 65 of the accelerator pedal 12 and create a torque on the pedal 12 to bias the pedal 12 toward the unactuated position.
  • the brake pedal assembly 13 is also coupled to a pivot 20 .
  • the pivot 20 of the brake pedal assembly 13 may either be rigidly fixed to the base 11 or may be fixed to the pedal assembly 13 and rotate within the base 11 . If the pivot 20 is fixed to pedal assembly 13 and rotates relative to the base 11 , a bearing may be mounted to the base 11 to reduce the force required to actuated the pedal 13 and to eliminate wear.
  • the service brake pedal 13 and the parking brake pedal 14 are disposed adjacent to one another.
  • Each pedal has an arm 74 , 81 that extends from the foot actuated portion 73 , 80 of the assembly 13 , 14 to a shaft 75 , 83 .
  • the arm 81 of the parking brake pedal 14 is nested within the arm 74 of the service brake 13 .
  • actuation of the service brake pedal 13 alone causes the parking brake pedal 14 to move with the service brake pedal 13 relative to the base 11 , but not relative to the service brake pedal 13 .
  • the parking brake pedal 14 may be partially actuated with respect to the service brake pedal 13 and the base 11 without causing actuation of the service brake pedal 13 .
  • the parking brake pedal 14 hits an abutment 79 on the service brake pedal 13 causing the service brake pedal 13 to move with it.
  • further actuation of the parking brake pedal 14 causes the service brake pedal 13 to actuate and the parking brake to engage.
  • a biasing member 18 may be coupled to the parking brake pedal 14 to bias both pedals 13 , 14 toward the unactuated position. In other embodiments, it may be desirable to use a separate biasing member for each pedal.
  • One or more portions 77 of the brake pedal assemblies 13 , 14 may be coupled to one or more output members, such as output rod 17 . These output members may be coupled to a braking system of a vehicle 1 once the modular pedal assembly 10 is mounted on the car 1 .
  • a control output regulator 16 is preferably mounted to the base 11 of the pedal assembly 10 .
  • the control output regulator 16 is also coupled to the portion of the accelerator pedal assembly 12 .
  • the control output regulator 16 has a housing 24 or 34 that couples to the base 11 and supports at least one and preferably two sensors 15 disposed within the housing 24 , 34 , respectively.
  • the sensors 15 are positioned within the housing 24 or 34 to sense actuation of the accelerator pedal 12 . Since a portion of the accelerator pivot 19 extends within the housing 24 or 34 of the control output regulator 16 , the sensors 15 preferably detect rotation of the pivot 19 .
  • the control output regulator 16 communicates with the drive system of the vehicle 1 indicating whether the accelerator pedal 12 is actuated. In some embodiments, the control output regulator 16 also communicates with the drive system the amount of angular displacement d A by which the accelerator pedal 12 is actuated or displaced.
  • the modular pedal assembly 10 may be used on a vehicle 1 having either an electric drive system or gas drive system with only minimal modifications.
  • the base 11 and pedals may be identical for both electric drive and gas drive vehicles 1 .
  • Vehicles 1 having an electric drive system utilize a motor control output regulator 23
  • gas drive systems utilize a gas control output regulator 33 .
  • the motor control output regulator 23 and the gas control output regulator 33 are generally similarly constructed, such that either regulator 23 , 33 may be connected with the remaining components of the modular pedal assembly 10 , which are generally identical in both constructions.
  • the modular pedal assembly 10 described embodiment requires very minor modifications and relatively few alternative parts to adapt for use with either electric or gas motors 2 .
  • the main difference between the different types of control output regulators is the type of sensors 25 , 26 , 35 , 36 utilized within the housing 24 , 34 .
  • the motor control output regulator 23 is used with a vehicle 1 having an electric drive system including an electric motor 28 , a battery 31 and a controller 27 .
  • the motor control output regulator 23 has a housing 24 that is adapted to couple with the base 11 .
  • the housing 24 also receives a portion of the accelerator pivot 19 and houses at least one and preferably two sensors 15 .
  • two sensors 25 , 26 are contained within the housing 24 .
  • the first sensor 25 is a limit switch, which senses actuation of the accelerator pedal 12 and is operatively coupled with the controller 25 such that the controller 27 is “turned-on” when the pedal 12 displaces from the initial position P 1A .
  • the limit switch 25 senses actuation of the accelerator pedal 12 from the at rest, unactuated state, it sends a signal to a controller 27 .
  • the controller 27 Upon receiving a signal from the motor control output regulator 23 , the controller 27 is “turned-on” and enabled to send a signal to the motor 28 . If the controller 27 does not receive a signal from the limit switch 25 , the controller 27 is in an off state and thus unable to send a signal to the electric motor 28 .
  • the illustrated motor control output regulator 23 also has a second sensor 26 within the housing 24 .
  • the second sensor is preferably a variable resistor or potentiometer, which senses the amount of actuation or angular displacement d A of the accelerator pedal 12 .
  • the second sensor 26 also communicates with the controller 27 and is preferably configured to generate and transmit a variable signal to the controller 27 that is generally proportional to the angular displacement d A ( FIG. 29 ) of the accelerator pedal 12 .
  • the potentiometer 29 preferably sends a variable voltage to the controller 27 to indicate the amount that the accelerator 12 is actuated.
  • the potentiometer 29 may be designed to send zero (0) volts to the controller 27 when the accelerator pedal 12 is in the unactuated, at rest state (i.e., located at the initial position P A1 ) and up to five (5) volts when the accelerator pedal 12 is in the fully actuated state, i.e., located at the maximum travel position P A2 .
  • the potentiometer 29 sends a signal having a magnitude of around two and one-half (21 ⁇ 2) volts to the controller 27 .
  • the voltage sent to the controller 27 varies with the angular displacement d A or position of the accelerator pedal 12 .
  • the controller 27 may then send a signal to the motor 28 of the vehicle 1 .
  • the signal may be a variable signal, such as pulse-width-modulation or the like.
  • the motor 28 may then accelerate or decelerate corresponding to the amount the accelerator pedal 12 is actuated.
  • the gas control output regulator 33 is preferably constructed generally similarly as the electric control output regulator 23 . As such, either control output regulator 23 , 33 may be mounted to the base 11 of a stock modular pedal assembly 10 depending upon the type of drive system utilized.
  • the gas control output regulator 33 has a housing 34 that is adapted to be received upon the base 11 .
  • the housing also contains one or more sensors 35 , 36 to sense the position of the accelerator pedal 12 .
  • the embodiment of the gas control output regulator 33 illustrated in FIG. 11B contains two limit switches 35 , 36 .
  • the first limit switch 35 is part of a control circuit 3 that includes a starter circuit with a solenoid 39 operatively coupled with the starter motor of the engine 37 .
  • the first limit switch 35 is a normally open state when the accelerator pedal 12 is in the at rest, unactuated state (i.e., located at the initial position P A1 ). Since the first limit switch 35 is in a normally open state, the first circuit has a normally open condition. However, upon actuation of the accelerator pedal 12 , the first sensor 35 closes the circuit and sends a signal to the solenoid 39 to enable the engine 37 to start idling.
  • the accelerator pedal 12 also has an output member, such as a throttle cable 43 a connected with the carburetor 43 of the engine 37 , to directly control the amount of acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle 1 corresponding to the amount the accelerator 12 is actuated.
  • the second limit switch 36 is preferably housed within the gas control output regulator 33 as illustrated.
  • the second switch 36 is electrically connected with the magneto 41 connected with the spark plug(s) of the engine 37 .
  • the second switch 36 has a normally closed state when the accelerator pedal 12 is in the at rest, unactuated state (i.e., located at the initial position P A1 ). When the switch 36 is in the closed state, it grounds the magneto 41 and kills the spark to the spark plugs. As such, the engine 37 does not idle when the accelerator pedal 12 is in the at rest, unactuated state. However, upon actuation of the accelerator pedal 12 , the second switch 36 opens the portion of the control circuit 3 containing the magneto 41 . With the second switch 36 open, the magneto 41 is no longer grounded and the spark plugs may generate a spark. Thus, the engine 37 may idle and drive the vehicle 1 depending upon the amount of actuation of the accelerator pedal 12 .
  • the parking brake may keep the vehicle 1 from rolling with respect to the ground.
  • the parking brake is engageable upon actuation of the parking brake pedal 14 with respect to the service brake pedal 13 .
  • the parking brake pedal 14 may be actuated independently of the service brake pedal 13 through a limited range of motion. However, after a the limited range of motion, further actuation of the parking brake pedal 14 may cause actuation of the service brake pedal 13 due to contact between the parking brake pedal 14 and an abutment 79 on the service brake pedal 13 . It is the actuation of the service brake pedal 13 while the parking brake pedal 14 is actuated relative to the service brake pedal 13 that causes the parking brake to engage. Once the parking brake is engaged, actuation of the accelerator pedal 12 may cause disengagement of the parking brake.
  • the parking brake illustrated comprises a parking brake engagement assembly 44 including a carriage 45 coupled to the base 11 and an engagement element or pawl 50 coupled to the carriage 45 .
  • the illustrated carriage 45 comprises a plurality of rods 46 and one or more brackets 47 interconnecting the rods 46 .
  • One of the rods 46 that couples the carriage 45 to the base 11 defines a first pivot point 57 for the carriage 45 .
  • the entire carriage 45 is pivotable about this point with respect to the base 11 .
  • the engagement element 50 is pivotally coupled to another rod 46 defining a second pivot point 58 .
  • This rod 46 defining the second pivot point 58 is also coupled to a lever 49 .
  • the lever 49 is adjacent to the carriage 45 and capable of pivoting independently of the carriage 45 about the second pivot point 58 . As will be described in greater detail below, pivotal movement of the lever 49 with respect to carriage 45 may cause the engagement element 50 to pivot about the second pivot point 58 .
  • the carriage 45 is biased by a spring 48 toward the brake pedal assembly 13 .
  • the parking brake engagement assembly 44 also comprises a toothed portion or gear 53 coupled to the brake pedal assembly 13 and an arm 52 coupled to the brake pedal assembly 13 .
  • the toothed portion 53 of the brake pedal assembly 13 is designed to selectively engage the engagement element 50 on the carriage 45 in the engaged state of the parking brake.
  • the toothed portion 53 and the engagement element 50 may be designed to resist disengagement, as illustrated, to prevent unintentional disengagement of the parking brake.
  • the parking brake is engaged or “on.” However, if the engagement element 50 is not engaged with the toothed portion 53 of the brake assembly 13 the parking brake is not on.
  • the carriage 45 (which includes the engagement element 50 ) is biased towards the brake pedal assembly 13 , 14 (which includes the toothed portion 53 ).
  • the engagement element 50 would engage the toothed portion 53 upon actuation of the service brake pedal 13 during normal driving conditions and unintentionally engage the parking brake. Therefore, a moveable arm 52 is coupled to the brake pedal assembly 13 , 14 to control the position of the engagement element 50 with respect to the toothed portion 53 and prevent unintentional engagement.
  • the arm 52 has a first position that prevents engagement of the engagement element 50 with the toothed portion 53 and a second position which allows engagement between the engagement element 50 and toothed portion 53 .
  • the arm 52 In the first position, the arm 52 allows actuation of the service brake pedal 13 without the parking brake engaging. In the second position of the arm 52 , however, engagement between the engagement element 50 and the toothed portion 53 during actuation of the service brake pedal 13 is enabled.
  • the position of the arm 52 is controlled by the parking brake pedal 14 .
  • the arm 52 stays in the first position to prevent engagement of the parking brake while the parking brake pedal 14 is not sufficiently actuated with respect to the service brake pedal 13 .
  • Sufficient actuation of the parking brake pedal 14 with respect to the service brake pedal 14 places the arm 52 in the second position and enables engagement of the parking brake. Movement of the arm 52 is caused by the relative motion between the pedals 13 , 14 .
  • the relative motion of the parking brake pedal 13 with respect to the service brake pedal 14 causes a torque on the arm 52 .
  • the arm 52 is coupled to the service brake pedal 13 by a first pin 60 and coupled to the parking brake pedal 14 by a second pin 55 .
  • the relative motion between the two pedals 13 , 14 causes a torque on the arm 52 .
  • the arm 52 has a cammed surface on it and the carriage has a roller 51 adjacent the engagement element 50 .
  • the roller 51 rides on the cammed surface in the first position of the arm 52 and the parking brake is prevented from engaging.
  • the roller 51 does not sufficiently engage the cam surface of the arm 52 in the second position of the arm 52 to prevent the parking brake from engaging.
  • a pin 54 is couple to a portion of the accelerator pedal assembly.
  • the lever 49 coupled to the carriage 45 abuts this pin 54 and is biased towards the pin 54 .
  • the lever 49 is pivotally coupled to the carriage 45 about the second pivot point 58 and pivotable about the second pivot point 58 independent of the carriage 45 . Without the lever 49 abutting the pin 54 , the parking brake could disengage due to a torque placed on the engagement element 50 by the toothed portion 53 .
  • the torque placed upon the engagement element 50 from toothed portion 53 coupled to the brake assembly 13 may cause the engagement element 50 to pivot about the second pivot point 58 and the parking brake to release.
  • the engagement element 50 is able to pivot about the second pivot point 58 to release the parking brake.
  • the engagement element 50 may be caused to pivot about the second pivot point 58 by the torque placed upon it from the parking brake assembly, from bias elements 48 coupled to the carriage 45 , or any combination thereof.
  • FIG. 24 shows a parking brake assembly in the disengaged state. In other words, the parking brake is not engaged.
  • the carriage 45 has a first pivot point 57 , a second pivot point 58 , and an engagement element or pawl 50 attached to the carriage 45 at the second pivot point 58 .
  • An arm 52 is coupled to the brake pedal assembly 13 , 14 and engages a portion of the carriage 45 to prevent the parking brake from engaging.
  • FIG. 25A shows the assembly illustrated in FIG. 24 with several parts removed for the sake of clarity. This figure also shows the service brake pedal 13 actuated. As previously discussed, actuation of the service brake pedal 13 also causes actuation of the parking brake pedal 14 .
  • the parking brake pedal 14 is not actuated with respect to the service brake pedal 13 in this figure.
  • the arm 52 is actuated relative to the base 11 , the arm 52 stays in the first position illustrated in FIG. 24 with respect to the pedals 13 , 14 and prevents the engagement element 50 from engaging the toothed portion 53 due to a roller 51 on the carriage 45 riding on a cam surface of the arm 52 .
  • FIG. 25B shows the service brake pedal 13 actuated and the parking brake pedal 14 actuated with respect to the service brake pedal 13 .
  • the arm 52 pivots (with respect to the pedals) to the second position shown in this figure and enables the parking brake to engage.
  • a projection 59 on the engagement element 50 engages the toothed portion 53 and holds the service brake pedal 13 in the actuated position.
  • FIG. 26 also illustrates the parking brake in the engaged position with several parts, such as the arm 52 and roller 51 removed for clarification.
  • FIG. 27A is similar to FIG. 25B , however, it further illustrates the pin 54 on the accelerator 12 , which prevents the engagement element 50 from being torqued out of engagement with the toothed portion 53 .
  • FIG. 27B illustrates the accelerator 12 actuated by about four degrees from the at rest, unactuated or initial position P B1 .
  • the pin 54 on the accelerator 12 no longer abuts the lever 49 adjacent the carriage 45 .
  • the engagement element 50 is capable of rotating about the second pivot point 58 to begin disengaging the parking brake.
  • the engagement element 50 would continue to rotate about the second pivot point 58 and completely disengage the parking brake.
  • the brake system 4 may also include an infrared switch 88 or other non-contact sensor to detect actuation of the brake pedal assembly 13 .
  • This switch 88 may be coupled to the brake lamps 8 to indicate whether the brake pedal 13 is actuated.
  • the switch may have a receiver 90 and a transmitter 89 communicating with the receiver 90 . Any change in the state of the message received by the receiver 90 indicates that the state of the brake pedal 13 has changed.
  • the brake lamp switch 8 in some embodiments is a solid state construction, with the switch attached to the base 11 of the pedal assembly 10 .
  • a shutter 92 is attached to the service brake 13 and moveable with the service brake 13 .
  • the switch 88 may have positive switching circuitry including a normally open state.
  • the circuit closes and the brake lamps 8 are illuminated.
  • movement of the pedal 13 back to the unactuated state would move the shutter 92 and discontinue output of the brake lamps 8 .
  • either brake pedal may actuate the light switch 88 .
  • the infrared switch 88 is a non-contact switch, wear is eliminated.
  • the switch 88 may allow the brake lamps 8 to be illuminated while the vehicle 1 is in the parked condition.
  • the brake lamp illumination system may be equipped with a timer 91 to provide illumination of the brake lamps 8 when the car is parked.
  • the timer 91 may be programmed to allow the brake lamps 8 to be illuminated for a predetermined period of time while the parking brake is engaged. A period of several minutes, such as four minutes for example, is reasonable to avoid dangerous situations, but yet preserves battery life of the vehicle 1 . Once timed out, the brake lamps 8 may no longer be illuminated without another input into the system, such as re-actuation or further actuation of the brake pedal 13 .
  • the infrared switch 88 and/or the timer 91 described above may be coupled to a vehicle in a conventional manner individually or as a modular unit.
  • the parking brake engagement assembly 44 discussed above may be mounted to a vehicle 1 in a conventional manner individually, may be mounted to a vehicle as a modular parking brake assembly, or may be mounted to a vehicle 1 as part of a modular pedal assembly 10 .
  • the embodiments discussed above are illustrated and referenced with regard to a vehicle, the teachings of the present invention apply equally to many types of vehicles, including utility vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)
  • Braking Elements And Transmission Devices (AREA)
US10/543,344 2003-01-24 2004-01-26 Modular pedal assembly for vehicles Abandoned US20060230869A1 (en)

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US20070284849A1 (en) * 2004-07-26 2007-12-13 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Speed Change Controller for Saddle-Ride Type Vehicles
US8403093B2 (en) 2004-07-26 2013-03-26 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Speed change controller for saddle-ride type vehicles
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USD746174S1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2015-12-29 Jimmy Storms Golf cart rear body
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USD855842S1 (en) 2017-02-02 2019-08-06 Jh Global Services, Inc. Tail lights for golf car
USD856549S1 (en) 2017-02-03 2019-08-13 Jh Global Services, Inc. Headlights for a golf car
USD903556S1 (en) 2018-08-10 2020-12-01 Ka Group Ag Pedal apparatus
USD913877S1 (en) 2018-08-10 2021-03-23 Ka Group Ag Pedal apparatus
USD916632S1 (en) 2018-08-10 2021-04-20 Ka Group Ag Pedal apparatus
USD917354S1 (en) 2018-08-10 2021-04-27 Ka Group Ag Pedal apparatus

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US10296036B2 (en) 2019-05-21
EP1588226B1 (en) 2007-03-14
US20110023652A1 (en) 2011-02-03
WO2004068254A2 (en) 2004-08-12
AU2009213100B2 (en) 2012-04-26
ES2281782T3 (es) 2007-10-01
PT1588226E (pt) 2007-05-31
JP2006520286A (ja) 2006-09-07
KR101271301B1 (ko) 2013-06-04
AU2009213100A1 (en) 2009-10-08
WO2004068254A3 (en) 2004-11-11
AU2004207396B2 (en) 2009-06-11
AU2004207396A1 (en) 2004-08-12
EP1588226A2 (en) 2005-10-26
KR20050109470A (ko) 2005-11-21

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