US20060122185A1 - Bicyclic inhibitors of Rho kinase - Google Patents

Bicyclic inhibitors of Rho kinase Download PDF

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US20060122185A1
US20060122185A1 US11/285,516 US28551605A US2006122185A1 US 20060122185 A1 US20060122185 A1 US 20060122185A1 US 28551605 A US28551605 A US 28551605A US 2006122185 A1 US2006122185 A1 US 2006122185A1
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independently selected
agent
aliphatic
optionally substituted
compound
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Jeremy Green
Jingrong Cao
Upul Bandarage
Huai Gao
Cornelia Forster
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Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Assigned to VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED reassignment VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FORSTER, CORNELIA, GREEN, JEREMY, BANDARAGE, UPUL, CAO, JINGRONG, GAO, HUAI
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    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compounds useful as inhibitors of protein kinases.
  • the invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of various disorders.
  • Protein kinases constitute a large family of structurally related enzymes that are responsible for the control of a variety of signal transduction processes within the cell. Many diseases are associated with abnormal cellular responses triggered by protein kinase-mediated events. Accordingly, there has been a substantial effort in medicinal chemistry to find protein kinase inhibitors that are effective as therapeutic agents.
  • ROCK family of kinases have been shown to be involved in a variety of functions including Rho-induced formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions and in downregulation of myosin phosphatase, platelet activation, aortic smooth muscle contraction by various stimuli, thrombin-induced responses of aortic smooth muscle cells, hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, smooth muscle contraction and cytoskeletal reorganization of non-muscle cells, activation of volume-regulated anion channels, neurite retraction, neutrophil chemotaxis, wound healing, tumor invasion and cell transformation.
  • ring B, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , R 3 , G and Q 1 are as defined below.
  • These compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, are useful for treating or lessening the severity of a variety of disorders, including, without limitation, hypertension, cerebral vasospasm, coronary vasospasm, bronchial asthma, preterm labor, erectile dysfunction, glaucoma, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, myocardial hypertrophy, malignoma, ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, endothelial dysfunction, Crohn's Disease and colitis, neurite outgrowth, Raynaud's Disease, angina, Alzheimer's disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia and atherosclerosis.
  • disorders including, without limitation, hypertension, cerebral vasospasm, coronary vasospasm, bronchial asthma, preterm labor, erectile dysfunction, glaucoma, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, myocardial hypertrophy, malignoma, ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, endothelial dysfunction, Crohn's Disease and colitis, neu
  • compounds of the invention may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustrated generally above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species of the invention.
  • substituents such as are illustrated generally above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species of the invention.
  • the phrase “optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted.”
  • substituted refers to the replacement of one or more hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent.
  • an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group. When more than one position in a given structure can be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at each position.
  • Combinations of substituents envisioned by this invention are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
  • stable refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and, preferably, their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein.
  • a stable compound or chemically feasible compound is one that is not substantially altered when kept at a temperature of 40° C. or less, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive conditions, for at least a week.
  • aliphatic or “aliphatic group”, as used herein, means a straight-chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation. Unless otherwise specified, aliphatic groups contain 1-20 aliphatic carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-10 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-8 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms, and In yet other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-4 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups. Further examples of aliphatic groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, vinyl, and sec-butyl.
  • cycloaliphatic refers to a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 hydrocarbon or bicyclic C 8 -C 12 hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule, and wherein any individual ring in said bicyclic ring system has 3-7 members.
  • Suitable cycloaliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and cycloalkynyl. Further examples of aliphatic groups include cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, and cycloheptenyl.
  • heterocycle refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring system in which one or more ring members are an independently selected heteroatom and that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • the “heterocycle”, “heterocyclyl”, “heterocycloaliphatic”, or “heterocyclic” group has three to fourteen ring members in which one or more ring members is a heteroatom independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorus, and each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members.
  • heterocyclic rings include, but are not limited to, the following monocycles: 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-tetrahydrothiophenyl, 3-tetrahydrothiophenyl, 2-morpholino, 3-morpholino, 4-morpholino, 2-thiomorpholino, 3-thiomorpholino, 4-thiomorpholino, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 1-tetrahydropiperazinyl, 2-tetrahydropiperazinyl, 3-tetrahydropiperazinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 1-pyrazolinyl, 3-pyrazolinyl, 4-pyrazolinyl, 5-pyrazolinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 2-thiazolidinyl, 3-thiazolidinyl
  • heteroatom means one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon, including any oxidized form of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon, the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen, or a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for example N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR + (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).
  • unsaturated means that a moiety has one or more units of unsaturation.
  • alkoxy refers to an alkyl group, as previously defined, attached to the principal carbon chain through an oxygen (“alkoxy”) or sulfur (“thioalkyl”) atom.
  • haloalkyl means alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy, as the case may be, substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
  • halogen means F, Cl, Br, or I.
  • aryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl”, “aralkoxy”, or “aryloxyalkyl”, refers to monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic carbocyclic ring systems having a total of six to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members and that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • aryl may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring”. Examples of aryl rings would include phenyl, naphthyl, and anthracene.
  • heteroaryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “heteroaralkyl” or “heteroarylalkoxy”, refers to monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, at least one ring in the system contains one or more heteroatoms, wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members and that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • heteroaryl may be used interchangeably with the term “heteroaryl ring” or the term “heteroaromatic”.
  • heteroaryl rings include the following monocycles: 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl, N-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, N-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl (e.g., 3-pyridazinyl), 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, tetrazolyl (e.g., 5-tetrazolyl), triazolyl (e.g., 2-triazolyl and 5-triazolyl), 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl,
  • an aryl (including aralkyl, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl and the like) or heteroaryl (including heteroaralkyl and heteroarylalkoxy and the like) group may contain one or more substituents. Suitable substituents on the unsaturated carbon atom of an aryl or heteroaryl group are selected from those listed in the definition of J Q , J R , J V , J U and J X below.
  • substituents include: halogen; —R o ; —OR o ; —SR o ; 1,2-methylenedioxy; 1,2-ethylenedioxy; phenyl (Ph) optionally substituted with R o ; —O(Ph) optionally substituted with R o ; —(CH 2 ) 1-2 (Ph), optionally substituted with R o ; —CH ⁇ CH(Ph), optionally substituted with R o ; —NO 2 ; —CN; —N(R o ) 2 ; —NR o C(O)R o ; —NR o C(S)R o ; —NR o C(O)N(R o ) 2 ; —NR o C(S)N(R o ) 2 ; —NR o CO 2 R o ; —NR o NR o C(O)R o ; —NR o NR o C(O)N(
  • Optional substituents on the aliphatic group of R o are selected from NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 aliphatic), N(C 1-4 aliphatic) 2 , halogen, C 1-4 aliphatic, OH, O(C 1-4 aliphatic), NO 2 , CN, CO 2 H, CO 2 (C 1-4 aliphatic), O(haloC 1-4 aliphatic), or haloC 1-4 aliphatic, wherein each of the foregoing C 1-4 aliphatic groups of R o is unsubstituted.
  • an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group, or a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring may contain one or more substituents. Suitable substituents on the saturated carbon of an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group, or of a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring are selected from those listed above for the unsaturated carbon of an aryl or heteroaryl group and additionally include the following: ⁇ O, ⁇ S, ⁇ NNHR*, ⁇ NN(R*) 2 , ⁇ NNHC(O)R*, ⁇ NNHCO 2 (alkyl), ⁇ NNHSO 2 (alkyl), or ⁇ NR*, where each R* is independently selected from hydrogen or an optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic.
  • Optional substituents on the aliphatic group of R* are selected from NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 aliphatic), N(C 1-4 aliphatic) 2 , halogen, C 1-4 aliphatic, OH, O(C 1-4 aliphatic), NO 2 , CN, CO 2 H, CO 2 (C 1-4 aliphatic), O(halo C 1-4 aliphatic), or halo(C 1-4 aliphatic), wherein each of the foregoing C 1-4 aliphatic groups of R* is unsubstituted.
  • optional substituents on the nitrogen of a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring include —R + , —N(R + ) 2 , —C(O)R + , —CO 2 R + , —C(O)C(O)R + , —C(O)CH 2 C(O)R + , —SO 2 R + , —SO 2 N(R + ) 2 , —C( ⁇ S)N(R + ) 2 , —C( ⁇ NH)—N(R + ) 2 , or —NR + SO 2 R + ; wherein R + is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted —O(Ph), optionally substituted —CH 2 (Ph), optionally substituted —(CH 2 ) 1-2 (Ph); optionally substituted —CH ⁇ CH(Ph); or an unsubstituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl or
  • Optional substituents on the aliphatic group or the phenyl ring of R + are selected from NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 aliphatic), N(C 1-4 aliphatic) 2 , halogen, C 1-4 aliphatic, OH, O(C 1-4 aliphatic), NO 2 , CN, CO 2 H, CO 2 (C 1-4 aliphatic), O(halo C 1-4 aliphatic), or halo(C 1-4 aliphatic), wherein each of the foregoing C 1-4 aliphatic groups of R + is unsubstituted.
  • two independent occurrences of R o may be taken together with the atom(s) to which each variable is bound to form a 5-8-membered heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl ring or a 3-8-membered cycloalkyl ring.
  • Exemplary rings that are formed when two independent occurrences of R o (or R + , or any other variable similarly defined herein) are taken together with the atom(s) to which each variable is bound include, but are not limited to the following: a) two independent occurrences of R o (or R + , or any other variable similarly defined herein) that are bound to the same atom and are taken together with that atom to form a ring, for example, N(R o ) 2 , where both occurrences of R o are taken together with the nitrogen atom to form a piperidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, or morpholin-4-yl group; and b) two independent occurrences of R o (or R + , or any other variable similarly defined herein) that are bound to different atoms and are taken together with both of those atoms to form a ring, for example where a phenyl group is substituted with two occurrences of OR o these two occurrences of R o are taken
  • an alkyl or aliphatic chain can be optionally interrupted with another atom or group. This means that a methylene unit of the alkyl or aliphatic chain is optionally replaced with said other atom or group.
  • atoms or groups would include, but are not limited to, —NR—, —O—, —S—, —CO 2 —, —OC(O)—, —C(O)CO—, —C(O)—, —C(O)NR—, —C( ⁇ N—CN), —NRCO—, —NRC(O)O—, —SO 2 NR—, —NRSO 2 —, —NRC(O)NR—, —OC(O)NR—, —NRSO 2 NR—, —SO—, or —SO 2 —, wherein R is defined herein.
  • the optional replacements form a chemically stable compound.
  • Optional interruptions can occur both within the chain and at either end of the chain; i.e. both at the point of attachment and/or also at the terminal end.
  • Two optional replacements can also be adjacent to each other within a chain so long as it results in a chemically stable compound.
  • the replacement or interruption occurs at the terminal end, the replacement atom is bound to an H on the terminal end. For example, if —CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 were optionally interrupted with —O—, the resulting compound could be —OCH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 OCH 3 , or —CH 2 CH 2 OH.
  • a bond drawn from a substituent to the center of one ring within a multiple-ring system represents substitution of the substituent at any substitutable position in any of the rings within the multiple ring system.
  • Figure a represents possible substitution in any of the positions shown in Figure b.
  • each substituent only represents substitution on the ring to which it is attached.
  • Y is an optionally substituent for ring A only
  • X is an optional substituent for ring B only.
  • structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the invention.
  • Ring B is attached to the bicyclic heteroaryl ring and the right-hand bond of Ring B is attached to radical G.
  • the present invention relates to a compound of formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: wherein:
  • a compound of the invention has one of formulae II-VII:
  • R 1Z1 , R 1Z2 , R 1Z3 and R 1Z4 are each independently selected from H, halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , or —V m R′.
  • the compound has one of formulae II, III or VI.
  • the compound is any one formuale I-VII and In a further embodiment, the compound is either of formulae II, III or VI. In another embodiment, X 1 is CR 4 and X 2 is N or CR 4 . In a further embodiment, R 4 is H.
  • the compound is any one of formuale I-VII and R 1 is independently selected from H, halogen or C 1-3 aliphatic. In a further embodiment, the compound is either of formulae II, III or VI and In yet a further embodiment, R 1 is independently selected from H or halogen.
  • R 1Z1 , R 1Z2 , R 1Z3 and R 1Z4 are each independently selected from H, halogen or C 1-3 aliphatic.
  • R 1Z1 and R 1Z2 if present, are H.
  • R 1Z3 and R 1Z4 if present, are H or halogen.
  • R 1Z3 and R 1Z4 if present, are H or F and at least one of R 1Z3 and R 1Z4 is H.
  • R 1Z3 and R 1Z4 if present, are H.
  • R 1Z1 , R 1Z2 , R 1Z3 and R 1Z4 , if present, are H.
  • the compound is any one of formulae I-VII and Q 1 is —CO—, —SO 2 —, —NR 2 , —NR 2 CO—, —CONR 2 —, —SO 2 NR 2 .
  • the compound is either of formulae II, III or VI and
  • G is —NR 2 and Q 1 is —CO—, or G is —CO— and Q 1 is —NR 2 —.
  • R 2 is H, —C 1-4 aliphatic, -cyclopropyl, (CH 2 ) 1-3 OH or In a still further embodiment, R 2 is H.
  • the compound is any one of formulae I-VII and R 3 is Q 2 -Ar 1 .
  • the compound is either of formulae II, III or VI and
  • Q 2 is —(CHR 6 ) q —, —(CHR 6 ) q O—, —(CHR 6 ) q S—, —(CHR 6 ) q S(O) 2 —, —(CHR 6 ) q S(O)—, —(CHR 6 ) q NR—, or —(CHR 6 ) q C(O)—, wherein q is 0, 1, 2, or 3, and each R 6 is R′, —N(R)(R′), —(CH 2 ) 1-4 N(R)(R′), —(CH 2 ) 1-4 C(CH 3 ) 2 N(R)(R′), —(CH 2 ) 1-4 CH(CH 3 )N(R)(R′)
  • Q 2 is —(CHR 6 ) q —, q is 1 or 2, and R 6 is R′, —N(R)(R′), —(CH 2 ) 1-4 N(R)(R′), —OR′, —(CH 2 ) 1-4 OR′ or —NR(CH 2 ) 1-4 SO 2 R′.
  • Q 2 is —(CHR 6 ) q —, q is 1 or 2, and each R 6 is H.
  • Ar 1 is a C 3-6 aliphatic, a 5-8 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; wherein Ar 1 is optionally substituted with 0-5 independent occurrences of TR 7 .
  • Ar 1 is selected from one of
  • t is 0, 1 or 2
  • each TR 7 is independently selected from halogen, —CN, —R′, —OR′, —NRR′, —OSO 2 R′, —NRSO 2 R′, —NRSO 2 NRR′, —SO 2 NRR′, —CONRR′, —COR′, —COOR′, —NRCOR′ or —SO 2 R′.
  • TR 7 is selected from —F, —Cl, —CN, —NH 2 , —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —OR x , —OCF 3 , —NR x SO 2 R x , —NR x SO 2 N(R x ) 2 , —COOC(CH 3 ) 3 , —OSO 2 CH 3 , —OH, —SO 2 N(R x ) 2 , —SO 2 N(R x ) 2 , —SO 2 R x , -pyrollidinone, tetrahydrofuran or -D-(CH 2 ) p —Y, wherein R x is a H or a C 1-4 alkyl, D is —SO 2 —, —SO 2 NH—, —NHSO 2 — or —O—, p is 0-3, and Y is selected from: wherein
  • t is 1 or 2 and one TR 7 is -D-(CH 2 ) p —Y, D is —O—, p is 2 or 3, Y is and R y is H or CH 3 , and wherein one or more carbon atoms of Y is optionally substituted with ⁇ O.
  • t is 1 or 2 and one TR 7 is —SO 2 N(R x ) 2 , —NR x SO 2 R x , —NHSO 2 R x , —OCF 3 , or —OR x .
  • t is 1 or 2, and one or both TR 7 are F or Cl.
  • Ar 1 is and t is 0 or 1.
  • the compounds of this invention may be prepared in general by methods known to those skilled in the art for analogous compounds, as illustrated by the general schemes below, and the preparative examples that follow.
  • the present invention provides compounds that are inhibitors of protein kinases, and thus the present compounds are useful for the treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions including, but not limited to a proliferative disorder, a cardiac disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, psychotic disorders, an autoimmune disorder, a condition associated with organ transplant, an inflammatory disorder, an immunologically mediated disorder, a viral disease, or a bone disorder.
  • diseases, disorders, and conditions including, but not limited to a proliferative disorder, a cardiac disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, psychotic disorders, an autoimmune disorder, a condition associated with organ transplant, an inflammatory disorder, an immunologically mediated disorder, a viral disease, or a bone disorder.
  • the compounds are useful for the treatment of hypertension, angina, angina pectoris, cerebrovascular contraction, asthma, peripheral circulation disorder, premature birth, cancer, erectile dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, spasm (cerebral vasospasm and coronary vasospasm), retinopathy (e.g., glaucoma), inflammatory disorders, autoimmune disorders, AIDS, osteoporosis, myocardial hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, endothelial dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, or benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  • hypertension angina, angina pectoris, cerebrovascular contraction, asthma, peripheral circulation disorder, premature birth, cancer, erectile dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, spasm (cerebral vasospasm and coronary vasospasm), retinopathy (e.g., glaucoma), inflammatory disorders, autoimmune disorders, AIDS, osteoporosis, myocardial hypertrophy, ischemia/re
  • such conditions in which ROCK is known to play a role include, without limitation, hypertension, cerebral vasospasm, coronary vasospasm, bronchial asthma, preterm labor, erectile dysfunction, glaucoma, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, myocardial hypertrophy, malignoma, ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, endothelial dysfunction, Crohn's Disease and colitis, neurite outgrowth, Raynaud's Disease, angina, Alzheimer's disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or atherosclerosis.
  • compositions comprising any of the compounds as described herein, and optionally comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle.
  • these compositions optionally further comprise one or more additional therapeutic agents.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, salts, esters, salts of such esters, or any other adduct or derivative which upon administration to a patient in need is capable of providing, directly or indirectly, a compound as otherwise described herein, or a metabolite or residue thereof.
  • the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” means any non-toxic salt or salt of an ester of a compound of this invention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention or an inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof.
  • the term “inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof” means that a metabolite or residue thereof is also an inhibitor of a ROCK kinase.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge et al., describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate,
  • Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N + (C 1-4 alkyl) 4 salts.
  • This invention also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oil-soluble or dispersable products may be obtained by such quaternization.
  • Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
  • Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, loweralkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of the present invention additionally comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle, which, as used herein, includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle which, as used herein, includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired.
  • Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sixteenth Edition, E. W. Martin (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1980) discloses various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutically acceptable compositions
  • any conventional carrier medium is incompatible with the compounds of the invention, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other component(s) of the pharmaceutically acceptable composition, its use is contemplated to be within the scope of this invention.
  • materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, or potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, wool fat, sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc
  • a method for the treatment or lessening the severity of a proliferative disorder, a cardiac disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a psychotic disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a condition associated with organ transplant, an inflammatory disorder, an immunologically mediated disorder, a viral disease, or a bone disorder comprising administering an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound to a subject in need thereof.
  • an “effective amount” of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable composition is that amount effective for treating or lessening the severity of a proliferative disorder, a cardiac disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a psychotic disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a condition associated with organ transplant, an inflammatory disorder, an immunologically mediated disorder, a viral disease, or a bone disorder.
  • the compounds and compositions, according to the method of the present invention may be administered using any amount and any route of administration effective for treating or lessening the severity of a proliferative disorder, a cardiac disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a condition associated with organ transplant, an inflammatory disorder, an immunologically mediated disorder, a viral disease, or a bone disorder.
  • the exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the infection, the particular agent, its mode of administration, and the like.
  • the compounds of the invention are preferably formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage.
  • dosage unit form refers to a physically discrete unit of agent appropriate for the patient to be treated. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions of the present invention will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment.
  • the specific effective dose level for any particular patient or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed, and like factors well known in the medical arts.
  • patient means an animal, preferably a mammal, and most preferably a human.
  • compositions of this invention can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), bucally, as an oral or nasal spray, or the like, depending on the severity of the infection being treated.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered orally or parenterally at dosage levels of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg and preferably from about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or more times a day, to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
  • the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.
  • the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubil
  • sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.
  • the injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.
  • the rate of compound release can be controlled.
  • biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides).
  • Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the compound in liposomes or microemulsions that are compatible with body tissues.
  • compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
  • suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules.
  • the active compound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar—agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and gly
  • Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polethylene glycols and the like.
  • the active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above.
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art.
  • the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose or starch.
  • Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose.
  • the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner.
  • buffering agents include polymeric substances and waxes.
  • Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this invention include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches.
  • the active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required.
  • Ophthalmic formulation, ear drops, and eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.
  • the present invention contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound to the body.
  • Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the proper medium.
  • Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin. The rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
  • the compounds of the invention are useful as inhibitors of protein kinases.
  • the compounds and compositions of the invention are inhibitors of ROCK, and thus, without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the compounds and compositions are particularly useful for treating or lessening the severity of a disease, condition, or disorder where activation of ROCK is implicated in the disease, condition, or disorder.
  • the disease, condition, or disorder may also be referred to as “ROCK-mediated disease” or disease symptom.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating or lessening the severity of a disease, condition, or disorder where activation of ROCK is implicated in the disease state.
  • the activity of a compound utilized in this invention as an inhibitor of ROCK may be assayed in vitro, in vivo or in a cell line.
  • In vitro assays include assays that determine inhibition of either the phosphorylation activity or ATPase activity of activated ROCK. Alternate in vitro assays quantitate the ability of the inhibitor to bind to ROCK. Inhibitor binding may be measured by radiolabelling the inhibitor prior to binding, isolating the inhibitor/ROCK complex and determining the amount of radiolabel bound. Alternatively, inhibitor binding may be determined by running a competition experiment where new inhibitors are incubated with ROCK bound to known radioligands.
  • the term “measurably inhibit”, as used herein means a measurable change in ROCK activity between a sample comprising said composition and ROCK and an equivalent sample comprising ROCK in the absence of said composition.
  • ROCK-mediated condition or “disease”, as used herein, means any disease or other deleterious condition in which ROCK is known to play a role.
  • ROCK-mediated condition or “disease” also means those diseases or conditions that are alleviated by treatment with a ROCK inhibitor.
  • Such conditions include, without limitation, hypertension, angina, angina pectoris, cerebrovascular contraction, asthma, peripheral circulation disorder, premature birth, cancer, erectile dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, spasm (cerebral vasospasm and coronary vasospasm), retinopathy (e.g., glaucoma), inflammatory disorders, autoimmune disorders, AIDS, osteoporosis, myocardial hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, endothelial dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, or benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  • hypertension angina, angina pectoris, cerebrovascular contraction, asthma, peripheral circulation disorder, premature birth, cancer, erectile dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, spasm (cerebral vasospasm and coronary vasospasm), retinopathy (e.g., glaucoma), inflammatory disorders, autoimmune disorders, AIDS, osteoporosis, myocardial hypertrophy, ischemia/reper
  • such conditions in which ROCK is known to play a role include, without limitation, hypertension, cerebral vasospasm, coronary vasospasm, bronchial asthma, preterm labor, erectile dysfunction, glaucoma, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, myocardial hypertrophy, malignoma, ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, endothelial dysfunction, Crohn's Disease and colitis, neurite outgrowth, Raynaud's Disease, angina, Alzheimer's disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or atherosclerosis.
  • the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of the present invention can be employed in combination therapies, that is, the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, one or more other desired therapeutics or medical procedures.
  • the particular combination of therapies (therapeutics or procedures) to employ in a combination regimen will take into account compatibility of the desired therapeutics and/or procedures and the desired therapeutic effect to be achieved.
  • the therapies employed may achieve a desired effect for the same disorder (for example, an inventive compound may be administered concurrently with another agent used to treat the same disorder), or they may achieve different effects (e.g., control of any adverse effects).
  • additional therapeutic agents that are normally administered to treat or prevent a particular disease, or condition are known as “appropriate for the disease, or condition, being treated”.
  • chemotherapeutic agents or other anti-proliferative agents may be combined with the compounds of this invention to treat proliferative diseases and cancer.
  • known chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to,
  • other therapies or anticancer agents that may be used in combination with the inventive anticancer agents of the present invention include surgery, radiotherapy (in but a few examples, gamma.-radiation, neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton therapy, brachytherapy, and systemic radioactive isotopes, to name a few), endocrine therapy, biologic response modifiers (interferons, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to name a few), hyperthermia and cryotherapy, agents to attenuate any adverse effects (e.g., antiemetics), and other approved chemotherapeutic drugs, including, but not limited to, alkylating drugs (mechlorethamine, chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, If
  • agents the inhibitors of this invention may also be combined with include, without limitation: treatments for Alzheimer's Disease such as Aricept® and Excelon®; treatments for Parkinson's Disease such as L-DOPA/carbidopa, entacapone, ropinrole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, pergolide, trihexephendyl, and amantadine; agents for treating Multiple Sclerosis (MS) such as beta interferon (e.g., Avonex® and Rebif®), Copaxone®, and mitoxantrone; treatments for asthma such as albuterol and Singulair®; agents for treating schizophrenia such as zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel, and haloperidol; anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids, TNF blockers, IL-1 RA, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and sulfasalazine; immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporin
  • the amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the compositions of this invention will be no more than the amount that would normally be administered in a composition comprising that therapeutic agent as the only active agent.
  • the amount of additional therapeutic agent in the presently disclosed compositions will range from about 50% to 100% of the amount normally present in a composition comprising that agent as the only therapeutically active agent.
  • vascular stents for example, have been used to overcome restenosis.
  • patients using stents or other implantable devices risk clot formation or platelet activation.
  • These unwanted effects may be prevented or mitigated by pre-coating the device with a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a kinase inhibitor.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a kinase inhibitor.
  • Suitable coatings and the general preparation of coated implantable devices are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,099,562; 5,886,026; and 5,304,121.
  • the coatings are typically biocompatible polymeric materials such as a hydrogel polymer, polymethyldisiloxane, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, ethylene vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof.
  • the coatings may optionally be further covered by a suitable topcoat of fluorosilicone, polysaccarides, polyethylene glycol, phospholipids or combinations thereof to impart controlled release characteristics in the composition.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to inhibiting ROCK activity in a biological sample or a patient, which method comprises administering to the patient, or contacting said biological sample with a compound of formula I or a composition comprising said compound.
  • biological sample includes, without limitation, cell cultures or extracts thereof; biopsied material obtained from a mammal or extracts thereof; and blood, saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or extracts thereof.
  • Inhibition of ROCK kinase activity in a biological sample is useful for a variety of purposes that are known to one of skill in the art. Examples of such purposes include, but are not limited to, blood transfusion, organ-transplantation, biological specimen storage, and biological assays.
  • Triisopropylborate (2 mL, 9 mmol) was added and the resulting thick brown solution was stirred at ⁇ 78° C. for 30 min and room temperature for 30 min.
  • 2N HCl (15 ml) and ethyl acetate (50 mL) were added and the solution was stirred 25 min.
  • the organic layer was separated and aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 ⁇ 25 mL).
  • the combined organic layers were dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated to give title compound 5-aminothiophen-3-yl-3-boronic acid (C) as an oil (0.8 g, 91%).
  • the product was used for next step without purification.
  • FIA MS 242 (M ⁇ 1).
  • the boronic acid F was synthesized and purified in a manner similar to E using a mixture of D (0.48 g, 3.35 mmol), 3-methylsulfonamide-6-flurophenylacetic acid (0.82 g, 3.35 mmol), BtSO 2 CH 3 (0.66 g, 3.35 mmol), Et 3 N (3 mL). Yield 0.43 g, 34%, FIA MS 373 (M+1).
  • the boronic acid F was synthesized and purified in a manner similar to E using a mixture of D (0.48 g, 3.35 mmol), 3-N,N-dimethylsulfone phenylacetic acid (0.81 g, 3.35 mmol), BtSO 2 CH 3 (0.66 g, 3.35 mmol), Et 3 N (3 mL). Yield 0.64 g, 52%, FIA MS 369 (M+1).
  • the boronic acid H was synthesized and purified in a manner similar to E using a mixture of D (0.48 g, 3.35 mmol), 2-(3-(3-(BOC t piperidin-4-yl)propoxy)phenylacetic acid (1.26 g, 3.35 mmol), BtSO 2 CH 3 (0.66 g, 3.35 mmol), Et 3 N (3 mL). Yield 0.57 g, 43.6%, FIA MS 503 (M+1). N-(4-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-(5-methsulfonamido-2-fluorophenyl)acetamide (Compound 9)
  • the title compound 8 was synthesized and purified in a manner similar to 6 using a mixture of R (0.050 g, 0.142 mmol), E (0.050 g, 0.142 mmol), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (0.017 g, 0.02 mmol), P(Bu t ) 3 (0.01 g, 0.04 mmol), KF.H 2 O (0.1 g, 1.3 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and water (0.5 mL). Yield 0.03 g.
  • the title compound 10 was synthesized and purified in a manner similar to 6 using a mixture of R (0.050 g, 0.142 mmol), G (0.052 g, 0.142 mmol), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (0.017 g, 0.02 mmol), P(Bu t ) 3 (0.01 g, 0.04 mmol), KF.H 2 O (0.1 g, 1.3 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and water (0.5 mL). Yield 0.026 g.
  • Trimethylsilylacetylene (3.4 mL) was added to a stirred suspension of T (see J. Heterocyclic. Chem. 1982, 19,673; 6.3 g, 25.12 mmol), Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 (1.7 g), CuI (0.95 g) in triethyamine (20 mL) and THF (50 mL) at room temperature and the solution was heated at 45° C. for 2 h. The solid was filtered off and the filtration was concentrated to give dark brown liquid. The crude product was purified by Biotage HorizonTM eluting with 10%-50% EtOAc/hexane to afford title compound U (4.1 g, 60%) as a yellow solid.
  • the title compound 20 was synthesized and purified in a manner similar to 6 using a mixture of Y (0.050 g, 0.125 mmol), E (0.044 g, 0.125 mmol), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (0.017 g, 0.02 mmol), P(Bu t ) 3 (0.01 g, 0.04 mmol), KF.H 2 O (0.1 g, 1.3 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and water (0.5 mL).
  • Trimethylsilylacetylene (3.4 mL) is added to a stirred suspension of LL (J. Heterocyclic Chem. 19: 1285, 1982; J. Org. Chem. 48: 1064, 1983; 25.12 mmol), Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 (1.7 g), CuI (0.95 g) in triethyamine (20 mL) and THF (50 mL) at room temperature and the solution is heated at 45° C. for 2 h. The solid is filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated to give a dark brown liquid. The crude product is purified by Biotage HorizonTM to afford title compound MM.
  • Compound ZZ is synthesized in a manner similar to compound WW using amine YY instead to give the desired compound ZZ.
  • Table 2 depicts exemplary LC mass spectral data (LC/MS), retention time (RT) and 1 H-NMR data (NMR) for certain compounds of the present invention, wherein compound numbers in Table 2 correspond to the compounds depicted in Table 1 (empty cells indicate that the test was not performed): TABLE 2 Cmpd # LC/MS RT NMR 1 2 336.00 3.20 DMSO d-6: 3.85(s, 2H), 7.28(m, 2H), 7.39(m, 4H), 7.68(s, 1H), 8,57(d, 1H), 8.72(dd, 1H), 12.52(s, br, 1H), 13.83(s, br,1H) 3 366.10 3.23 DMSO d-6: 3.77(s, 3H0, 3.80(s, 2H), 6.82(m, 1H), 6.93(m 2H), 7.3(m, 2H), 7.68(s, 1H), 8.56(d, 1H), 8.7(dd, 1H)12.47(s,
  • Final concentrations of the components of the coupled enzyme system are 2.5 mM phosphoenolpyruvate, 350 ⁇ M NADH, 30 ⁇ g/ml pyruvate kinase and 10 ⁇ g/ml lactate dehydrogenase.
  • Compounds are screened for their ability to inhibit ROCK using a standard radioactive enzyme assay. Assays are carried out in a solution containing 100 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl 2 , 25 mM NaCl, 2 mM DTT and 1.5% DMSO. Final substrate concentrations in the assay are 13 ⁇ M [ ⁇ - 33 P] ATP (25 mCi 33 P ATP/mmol ATP, Perkin Elmer, Cambridge, Mass./Sigma Chemicals, St Louis, Mo.) and 27 ⁇ M Myelin Basic Protein (MBP). Final enzyme concentration in the assay is 5 nM ROCK. Assays are carried out at room temperature.
  • DMSO stock containing serial dilutions of the compound of the present invention (concentrations ranging from 10 ⁇ M to 2.6 nM) is placed in a 96 well plate.
  • 50 ⁇ l of Solution 1 (100 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl 2 , 26 mM [ ⁇ - 33 P] ATP) is added to the plate.
  • the reaction is initiated by addition of 50 ⁇ l of Solution 2 (100 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl 2 , 4 mM DTT, 54 mM MBP and 10 nM ROCK).
  • the reaction is quenched with 50 ⁇ L of 30% trichloroacetic acid (TCA, Fisher) containing 9 mM ATP. Transfer of 140 ⁇ L of the quenched reaction to a glass fiber filter plate (Corning, Cat. No. 3511) is followed by washing 3 times with 5% TCA. 50 ⁇ L of Optima Gold scintillation fluid (Perkin Elmer) is added and the plates are counted on a Top Count (Perkin Elmer). After removing mean background values for all of the data points the data is fit using Prism software to obtain a K i (app).
  • TCA trichloroacetic acid
  • Table 3 depicts enzyme inhibition data (K i ) for certain exemplary compounds.
  • Compound numbers in Table 3 correspond to those compounds depicted in Table 1.

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