Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
  • C07D493/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
  • C07H19/01—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing oxygen
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system

Definitions

• the invention relates to (1) a compound of formula
• Avermectins are known to the person skilled in the art. They are a group of structurally closely related pestidically active compounds which are obtained by fermentation of a strain of the microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis . Derivatives of avermectins can be obtained via conventional chemical syntheses.
• the avermectins obtainable from Streptomyces avermitilis are designated A1a, A1b, A2a, A2b, B1a, B1b, B2a and B2b.
• Compounds with the designation “A” have a methoxy radical in the 5-position; those compounds designated “B” have an OH group.
• the “a” series comprises compounds wherein the substituent R 1 (in position 25) is a sec-butyl radical; the “b” series have an isopropyl radical in the 25-position.
• the number 1 in the name of a compound indicates that atoms 22 and 23 are bonded by a double bond; the number 2 indicates that they are bonded by a single bond and carbon atom 23 carries an OH group.
• carbon-containing groups and compounds each contain from 1 up to and including 6, preferably from 1 up to and including 4, especially 1 or 2, carbon atoms.
• Halogen as a group per se and as a structural element of other groups and compounds, such as haloalkyl, haloalkoxy and haloalkylthio—is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, especially fluorine, chlorine or bromine, more especially fluorine or chlorine. In the cases where halogen functions as a leaving group, bromine and iodine are preferred.
• Alkyl as a group per se and as a structural element of other groups and compounds, such as haloalkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio—is, in each case giving due consideration to the number of carbon atoms contained in the group or compound in question, either straight-chained, i.e. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl, or branched, for example isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl or isohexyl.
• Cycloalkyl as a group per se and as a structural element of other groups and compounds, such as halocycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy and cycloalkylthio—is, in each case giving due consideration to the number of carbon atoms contained in the group or compound in question, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl.
• Alkenyl groups having from 3 to 12, especially from 3 to 6, more especially 3 or 4, carbon atoms are preferred.
• Alkynyl as a group per se and as a structural element of other groups and compounds—is, in each case giving due consideration to the number of carbon atoms and conjugated or isolated double bonds contained in the group or compound in question, either straight-chained, e.g. propargyl, 2-butynyl, 3-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 1-heptynyl, 3-hexen-1-ynyl or 1,5-heptadien-3-ynyl, or branched, e.g. 3-methylbut-1-ynyl, 4-ethylpent-1-ynyl, 4-methyl-hex-2-ynyl or 2-methylhept-3-ynyl. Alkynyl groups having from 3 to 12, especially from 3 to 6, more especially 3 or 4, carbon atoms are preferred.
• Alkylene and alkenylene are straight-chained or branched bridge members, especially —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH 2 (CH 3 )CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH—CH 2 — or —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH—CH 2 —CH 2 —.
• Halo-substituted carbon-containing groups and compounds such as haloalkyl, haloalkoxy and haloalkylthio, may be partially halogenated or perhalogenated, the halogen substituents in the case of polyhalogenation being the same or different.
• haloalkyl as a group per se and as a structural element of other groups and compounds, such as haloalkoxy and haloalkylthio—are methyl substituted from one to three times by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, such as CHF 2 or CF 3 ; ethyl substituted from one to five times by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, such as CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CCl 3 , CF 2 CHCl 2 , CF 2 CHF 2 , CF 2 CFCl 2 , CF 2 CHBr 2 , CF 2 CHClF, CF 2 CHBrF or CClFCHClF; propyl or isopropyl substituted from one to seven times by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, such as CH 2 CHBrCH 2 Br, CF 2 CHFCF 3 , CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 or CH(CF 3 ) 2 ; but
• Aryl is especially phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl or perylenyl, preferably phenyl.
• Heterocyclyl is especially pyridyl, pyrimidyl, s-triazinyl, 1,2,4-triazinyl, thienyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzo- furanyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrrolyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl, coumarinyl or indazolyl, which are preferably bonded via a carbon atom; preference is given to thienyl, thiazolyl, benzo- furanyl, benzothiazolyl, furyl, tetrahydropyranyl and indolyl
• the invention relates also to a process for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I) and, where applicable, their tautomers, which process comprises first of all preparing a compound of formula
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined for formula (I) above; for example as follows:
• R 3 is as defined above under (1) for formula (I) and Hal is halogen, especially bromine or iodine; or
• a compound of formula (Ia) wherein RI is as defined above under (1) for formula (I) and R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen is reacted with two moles of a compound of formula R 31 -CHO wherein R 31 is unsubstituted or mono- to penta-substituted C 1 -C 11 alkyl, unsubstituted or mono- to penta-substituted C 1 -C 11 alkenyl or unsubstituted or mono- to penta-substituted C 1 -C 11 alkynyl, in the presence of a reducing agent; and then
• the reactions described hereinabove and hereinbelow are carried out in a manner known per se, for example in the absence or, customarily, in the presence of a suitable solvent or diluent or of a mixture thereof, the reactions being carried out, as required, with cooling, at room temperature or with heating, for example in a temperature range of approximately from ⁇ 80° C. to the boiling temperature of the reaction medium, preferably from approximately 0° C. to approximately +150° C., and, if necessary, in a closed vessel, under pressure, under an inert gas atmosphere and/or under anhydrous conditions.
• Especially advantageous reaction conditions can be found in the Examples.
• reaction time is not critical; a reaction time of from about 0.1 to about 24 hours, especially from about 0.5 to about 10 hours, is preferred.
• the product is isolated by customary methods, for example by means of filtration, crystallisation, distillation or chromatography, or any suitable combination of such methods.
• solvents and diluents include: aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, Tetralin, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, bromobenzene, petroleum ether, hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethene or tetrachloroethene; ethers, such as diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxydiethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or diox
• ethers especially suitable are ethers, alcohols, water and carboxylic acids, more especially tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid or water.
• the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range of from about room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent used; preference being given to reaction at.
• Variant (A) the reaction is carried out at room temperature, in tetrahydrofuran in the presence of acetic acid. Especially preferred conditions for the reaction are described in Example P1.1.
• solvents and diluents include: aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers as listed above under Process variant (A); ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone; alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol or glycerol; carboxylic acid esters, such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, or esters of benzoic acid; amides as listed above under Process variant (A); nitriles, such as acetonitrile or propionitrile; and sulfoxides, such as dimethyl sulfoxide; and also water; or mixtures of the mentioned solvents;
• the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range of approximately from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably from room temperature up to 90° C., especially up to 60° C., and in the presence of a base, preferably an inorganic base, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
• a base preferably an inorganic base, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
• solvents and diluents include: aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers, amides and nitriles as listed above under Process variant (A); and sulfoxides, such as dimethyl sulfoxide; or mixtures of the mentioned solvents; ethers and hydrocarbons being especially suitable.
• the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range of from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably from 0° C. to room temperature. Especially preferred conditions for the reaction are described, for example, in Example P2.2.
• Suitable solvents include those mentioned under Variant (A); additionally also ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; and carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid or formic acid; carboxylic acid esters, such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, or esters of benzoic acid.
• ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone
• carboxylic acids such as acetic acid or formic acid
• carboxylic acid esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, or esters of benzoic acid.
• the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range of approximately from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably in the presence of an inorganic base, for example lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
• an inorganic base for example lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
• a reaction variant wherein a reducing agent, especially molecular hydrogen, is used, more especially in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water as solvent and in the presence of a heavy metal catalyst, especially a Pd catalyst.
• a reducing agent especially molecular hydrogen
• Suitable solvents include those mentioned under Variant (B), especially suitable solvents being esters of organic acids, halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons; especially two-phase mixtures of an ester with water.
• the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range of from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably from room temperature to 60° C., and in the presence of a base, preferably an inorganic base, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
• a base preferably an inorganic base, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
• suitable solvents include those mentioned above, preferably ethers, alcohols, water and carboxylic acids, in combination with a hydride, such as a borohydride, especially NaCNBH 3 .
• solvents and diluents include: aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons; ethers, amides and nitriles as listed above under Process variant (A); ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone; carboxylic acid esters, such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, or esters of benzoic acid; and sulfoxides, such as dimethyl sulfoxide; or mixtures of the mentioned solvents;
• esters of organic acids such as ethyl acetate.
• the customary peptide coupling reagents especially carbodiimides and hydroxybenzotriazoles.
• the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range of from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably at room temperature.
• solvents and diluents include: aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons and ethers as listed above under Process Variant (A); and sulfoxides, such as dimethyl sulfoxide; or mixtures of the mentioned solvents; ethers, more especially tetrahydrofuran, being especially suitable.
• the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range of from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably from 0° C. to room temperature.
• Suitable solvents include those mentioned under Variant (B), especially suitable solvents being water, esters of organic acids, halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons; especially two-phase mixtures of such an organic solvent with water.
• the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range of from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably from 90° C. to the boiling point of the solvent, and in the presence of a base, preferably an inorganic base, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
• a base preferably an inorganic base, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
• Suitable solvents include those mentioned under Variant (B), especially suitable solvents being water, esters of organic acids, halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons; especially two-phase mixtures of such an organic solvent with water.
• the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range of from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably from 90° C. to the boiling point, and in the presence of a base, preferably an inorganic base, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
• a base preferably an inorganic base, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
• Suitable solvents include those mentioned under Variant (B), especially suitable solvents being water, ethers of organic acids, alcohols and water; especially two-phase mixtures of an ether with water.
• the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range of from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably at room temperature.
• Process Variant (B) Especially suitable solvents are listed under Process Variant (B); dichloromethane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, toluene and dioxane being especially suitable.
• the operation is preferably carried out in a temperature range of from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent, preferably at from 0° C. to room temperature.
• the compounds of formula (I) may be in the form of one of the possible isomers or in the form of a mixture thereof, in the form of pure isomers or in the form of an isomeric mixture, i.e. in the form of a racemic mixture; the invention relates both to the pure isomers and to the racemic mixtures and is to be interpreted accordingly hereinabove and hereinbelow, even if stereochemical details are not mentioned specifically in every case.
• racemates can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example by recrystallisation from an optically active solvent, by chromatography on chiral adsorbents, for example high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetylcellulose, with the aid of suitable microorganisms, by cleavage with specific, immobilised enzymes, or via the formation of inclusion compounds, for example using chiral crown ethers, only one isomer being complexed.
• HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
• pure optical isomers can be obtained according to the invention also by generally known methods of enantioselective synthesis, for example by carrying out the process according to the invention using starting materials having correspondingly suitable stereochemistry.
• the compounds of formula (I) may also be, obtained in the form of their hydrates and/or may include other solvents, for example solvents which may have been used for the crystallisation of compounds in solid form.
• the invention relates to all those embodiments of the process according to which a compound obtainable as starting material or intermediate at any stage of the process is used as starting material and some or all of the remaining steps are carried out or a starting material is used in the form of a derivative or salt and/or its racemates or antipodes or, especially, is formed under the reaction conditions.
• the invention relates especially to the preparation processes described in Examples P1.1 to P5.5.
• the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are active ingredients exhibiting valuable preventive and/or curative activity with a very advantageous biocidal spectrum and a very broad spectrum, even at low rates of concentration, while being well tolerated by warm-blooded animals, fish and plants. They are, surprisingly, equally suitable for controlling both plant pests and ecto- and endo-parasites in humans and more especially in productive livestock, domestic animals and pets. They are effective against all or individual development stages of normally sensitive animal pests, but also of resistant animal pests, such as insects and representatives of the order Acarina, nematodes, cestodes and trematodes, while at the same time protecting useful organisms.
• the insecticidal or acaricidal activity of the active ingredients according to the invention may manifest itself directly, i.e. in the mortality of the pests, which occurs immediately or only after some time, for example during moulting, or indirectly, for example in reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate, good activity corresponding to a mortality of at least 50 to 60%.
• Suitable additives include, for example, representatives of the following classes of active ingredient: organophosphorus compounds, nitrophenols and derivatives, formamidines, ureas, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons and Bacillus thuringiensis preparations.
• mixing partners include: azamethiphos; chlorfenvinphos; bupirimate; cypermethrin, cypermethrin high-cis; cyromazine; diafenthiuron; diazinon; dichlorvos; dicrotophos; dicyclanil; fenoxycarb; fluazuron; furathiocarb; isazofos; iodfenphos; kinoprene; lufenuron; methacriphos; methidathion; monocrotophos; phosphamidon; profenofos; diofenolan; a substance obtainable from the Bacillus thuringiensis strain GC91 or from NCTC11821; pymetrozine; bromopropylate; methoprene; disulfuton; quinalphos; tau-fluvalinate; thiocyclam; thiometon; aldicarb; azinpho
• the said animal pests include, for example, those mentioned in European Patent Application EP-A-736 252, page 5, line 55, to page 6, line 55.
• the pests mentioned therein are therefore included by reference in the subject matter of the present invention.
• pests of the class Nematoda include, for example, root knot nematodes, cyst-forming nematodes and also stem and leaf nematodes;
• Heterodera spp. e.g. Heterodera schachtii, Heterodora avenae and Heterodora trifolii
• Globodera spp. e.g. Globodera rostochiensis
• Meloidogyne spp. e.g. Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica
• Radopholus spp. e.g. Radopholus simiis
• Pratylenchus e.g. Pratylenchus neglectans and Pratylenchus penetrans
• Tylenchulus e.g.
• Tylenchulus semipenetrans Longidorus, Trichodorus, Xiphinema, Ditylenchus, Apheenchoides and Anguina; ine idogyne , e.g. Meloidogyne incognita , and Heterodera , e.g. Heterodera glycines.
• An especially important aspect of the present invention is the use of the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention in the protection of plants against parasitic feeding pests.
• the compounds according to the invention can be used to control, i.e. to inhibit or destroy, pests of the mentioned type occurring on plants, especially on useful plants and omamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forestry, or on parts of such plants, such as the fruits, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers or roots, while in some cases plant parts that grow later are still protected against those pests.
• Target crops include especially cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize and sorghum; beet, such as sugar beet and fodder beet; fruit, e.g. pomes, stone fruit and soft fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries and berries, e.g.
• strawberries, raspberries and blackberries leguminous plants, such as beans, lentils, peas and soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, mustard, poppy, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor oil, cocoa and groundnuts; cucurbitaceae, such as marrows, cucumbers and melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp and jute; citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit and mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes and paprika; lauraceae, such as avocado, cinnamon and camphor; and tobacco, nuts, coffee, aubergines, sugar cane, tea, pepper, vines, hops, bananas, natural rubber plants and ornamentals.
• the invention therefore relates also to pesticidal compositions, such as emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules and encapsulations of polymer substances, that comprise at least one of the compounds according to the invention, the choice of formulation being made in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances.
• pesticidal compositions such as emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules and encapsulations of polymer substances, that comprise at least one of the compounds according to the invention, the choice of formulation being made in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances.
• the active ingredient is used in those compositions in pure form, a solid active ingredient, for example, in a specific particle size, or preferably together with at least one of the adjuvants customary in formulation technology, such as extenders, e.g. solvents or solid carriers, or surface-active compounds (surfactants).
• extenders e.g. solvents or solid carriers
• surfactants surface-active compounds
• formulation adjuvants there are used, for example, solid carriers, solvents, stabilisers, “slow release” adjuvants, colourings and optionally surface-active substances (surfactants).
• Suitable carriers and adjuvants include all substances customarily used.
• adjuvants such as solvents, solid carriers, surface-active compounds, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants and further adjuvants in the compositions used according to the invention, there come into consideration, for example, those described in EP-A-736 252, page 7, line 51 to page 8, line 39.
• Emulsifiable concentrates active ingredient: 1 to 90%, preferably 5 to 20% surfactant: 1 to 30%, preferably 10 to 20% solvent: 5 to 98%, preferably 70 to 85%
• Dusts active ingredient: 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 1% solid carrier: 99.9 to 90%, preferably 99.9 to 99%
• Suspension concentrates active ingredient: 5 to 75%, preferably 10 to 50% water: 94 to 24%, preferably 88 to 30% surfactant: 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30%
• Wettable powders active ingredient: 0.5 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80% surfactant: 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15% solid carrier: 5 to 99%, preferably 15 to 98%
• Granules active ingredient: 0.5 to 30%, preferably 3 to 15% solid carrier: 99.5 to 70%, preferably 97 to 85%
• compositions according to the invention may also comprise further solid or liquid adjuvants, such as stabilisers, e.g. vegetable oils or epoxidised vegetable oils (e.g. epoxidised coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soybean oil), antifoams, e.g. silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers as well as fertilisers or other active ingredients for obtaining special effects, e.g. acaricides, bactericides, fungicides, nematicides, molluscicides or selective herbicides.
• stabilisers e.g. vegetable oils or epoxidised vegetable oils (e.g. epoxidised coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soybean oil), antifoams, e.g. silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers as well as fertilisers or other active ingredients for obtaining special effects, e.g
• the crop protection products according to the invention are prepared in known manner, in the absence of adjuvants, e.g. by grinding, sieving and/or compressing a solid active ingredient or mixture of active ingredients, for example to a certain particle size, and in the presence of at least one adjuvant, for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient or mixture of active ingredients with the adjuvant(s).
• the invention relates likewise to those processes for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention and to the use of the compounds of formula (I) in the preparation of those compositions.
• the invention relates also to the methods of application of the crop protection products, i.e. the methods of controlling pests of the mentioned type, such as spraying, atomising, dusting, coating, dressing, scattering or pouring, which are selected in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances, and to the use of the compositions for controlling pests of the mentioned type.
• Typical rates of concentration are from 0.1 to 1000 ppm, preferably from 0.1 to 500 ppm, of active ingredient.
• the rates of application per hectare are generally from 1 to 2000 g of active ingredient per hectare, especially from 10 to 1000 g/ha, preferably from 20 to 600 g/ha.
• a preferred method of application in the area of crop protection is application to the foliage of the plants (foliar application), the frequency and the rate of application being dependent upon the risk of infestation by the pest in question.
• the active ingredient can also penetrate the plants through the roots (systemic action) when the locus of the plants is impregnated with a liquid formulation or when the active ingredient is incorporated in solid form into the locus of the plants, for example into the soil, e.g. in granular form (soil application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such granules may be applied in metered amounts to the flooded rice field.
• the crop protection products according to the invention are also suitable for protecting plant propagation material, e.g. seed, such as fruits, tubers or grains, or plant cuttings, against animal pests.
• the propagation material can be treated with the composition before planting: seed, for example, can be dressed before being sown.
• the active ingredients according to the invention can also be applied to grains (coating), either by impregnating the seeds in a liquid formulation or by coating them with a solid formulation.
• the composition can also be applied to the planting site when the propagation material is being planted, for example to the seed furrow during sowing.
• the invention relates also to such methods of treating plant propagation material and to the plant propagation material so treated.
• Step 1 4.55 g of 4′′-desoxy-4′′-epi-methylamino-avermectin B1 are dissolved in 45 ml of ethyl acetate. 8.6 g of ethyl bromoacetate and 45 ml of sodium bicarbonate (1N in water) are added. The mixture is stirred vigorously at 60° C. for 18 hours, then cooled. The phases are then separated; the organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is distilled off.
• Step 2 300 mg of 4′′-desoxy4′′-epi-(N-methyl-N-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-amino)-avermectin B1 are dissolved in 6 ml of toluene. With stirring at room temperature, 1.3 ml of diisobutylaluminium hydride (1.2 mola in toluene) are added. After 15 minutes, extraction is carried out with ethyl acetate and saturated ammonium chloride solution. The phases are then separated; the organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is distilled off.
• diisobutylaluminium hydride 1.2 mola in toluene
• 4′′-Desoxy-4′′-epi-(N-isopropyl-N-methylamino)-avermectin B1 2.0 g of 4′′-desoxy4′′-epi-isopropylamino-avermectin B1 are dissolved in 20 ml of ethyl acetate. 4 ml of methyl iodide and 20 ml of sodium bicarbonate (1N in water) are added and the mixture is stirred vigorously at 60° C. for 14 hours, then cooled. The phases are then separated; the organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is distilled off. The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate), yielding 4′′-desoxy-4′′-epi-(N-isopropyl-N-methylamino)-avermectin B1.
• Step 1 10 9 of 4′′-desoxy-4′′-epi-methylamino-avermectin B1 are dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl acetate. 15.6 g of benzyl bromoacetate and 100 ml of sodium bicarbonate (1N in water) are added. The mixture is stirred vigorously at 60° C. for 5 days, then cooled. The phases are then separated; the organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is distilled off.
• Step 2 7.8 g of 4′′-desoxy-4′′-epi-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-methyl-N-methylamino)-avermectin B1 are dissolved in 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran. 780 mg of palladium (5% on carbon) are added and hydrogenation is carried out at normal pressure and room temperature. After one hour the absorption of hydrogen has ceased. The mixture is filtered over Celite and the solvent is evaporated off, yielding 4′′-desoxy-4′′-epi-(N-carboxymethyl-N-methyl-amino)-avermectin B1.
• Step 1 15 g of 4′′-desoxy44′′-epi-methylamino-avermectin B1 are dissolved in 120 ml of ethyl acetate. 26 g of methyl bromoacetate and 120 ml of sodium bicarbonate (1N in water) are added. The mixture is stirred vigorously at 60° C. for 5 days, then cooled. The phases are then separated; the organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is distilled off.
• Step 2 10 g of 4′′-desoxy-4′′-epi-(N-methoxycarbonylmethyl-amino-N-methyl)-avermectin B1 are dissolved in 90 ml of tetrahydrofuran. 10 ml of water and 440 mg of lithium hydroxide monohydrate are added and stirring is carried out at room temperature for 14 hours. Extraction is then carried out with water and diethyl ether, and the aqueous phase is separated off and lyophilised.
• 0.87 g of 4′′-desoxy-4′′-epi-amino-avermectin B1 is dissolved in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran. 1 ml of pivalic acid, 0.1 ml of water and 0.60 g of 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde are added. 0.38 g of sodium cyanoborohydride is then added. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. Extraction is then carried out with ethyl acetate and sodium bicarbonate (1N in water); the organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvents are distilled off.
• Table 1 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl and R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 2 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is methyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153ofTableA.
• Table 3 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is ethyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 4 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is n-propyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A. 1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 5 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is isopropyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 6 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is n- butyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 7 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is isobutyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 8 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is sec-butyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 9 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is tert-butyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A. 1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 10 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 and R 3 are ethyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 11 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 12 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —C( ⁇ O)OC 2 H 5 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 13 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is benzyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 14 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 and R 3 together are —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 15 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 and R 3 together are —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 16 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH 2 —OH, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 17 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —C(CH 3 )OH, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 18 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is ethyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 19 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 20 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is —CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 21 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 22 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is isopropyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 23 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is n-propyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 24 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is n-butyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 25 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH(CH 3 ), and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 26 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 27 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 28 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is —CH 2 —C( ⁇ O)OC 2 H 5 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 29 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is —CH 2 —C 6 H 4 —O—CF 2 H, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 30 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH—C( ⁇ O)OCH 2 C( ⁇ O)C 6 H 5 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 31 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl and R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 32 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is methyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 33 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is ethyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 34 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is n-propyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 35 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is isopropyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 36 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is n-butyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 37 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is isobutyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 38 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is sec-butyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 39 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is tert-butyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 40 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 and R 3 are ethyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 41 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 42 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —C( ⁇ O)OC 2 H 5 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 43 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is benzyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 44 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 and R 3 together are —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 45 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 and R 3 together are —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 46 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH 2 —OH, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 47 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —C(CH 3 )OH, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 48 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is ethyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 49 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 50 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 51 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 52 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is isopropyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 53 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is n-propyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 54 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is n-butyl, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 55 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH(CH 3 ), and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 56 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 57 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 58 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is —CH 2 —C( ⁇ O)OC 2 H 5 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 59 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is —CH 2 —C 6 H 4 —O—CF 2 H, and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Table 60 A compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is sec-butyl, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH—C( ⁇ O)OCH 2 C( ⁇ O)C 6 H 5 , and X ⁇ in each case corresponds to the anion of one of the acids mentioned in lines A.1 to A.153 of Table A.
• Tables B and C below show experimentally determined percentage contents of C, H and N in compounds of formula (I) above. Since the compounds are mixtures of avermectin derivatives B1a and B1b wherein R 1 is isopropyl and sec-butyl, respectively, and the proportion thereof in the mixture is variable, the Tables do not give mathematically determined values for the contents of C, H and N. TABLE B Elemental analyses of compounds of formula found content (%) No.
• Example F1 Emulsifiable concentrates a) b) c) active ingredient 25% 40% 50% calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 5% 8% 6% castor oil polyethylene glycol ether 5% — — (36 mol EO) tributylphenol polyethylene glycol ether — 12% 4% (30 mol EO) cyclohexanone — 15% 20% xylene mixture 65% 25% 20%
• Example F2 Solutions a) b) c) d) active ingredient 80% 10% 5% 95% ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 20% — — — polyethylene glycol (MW 400) — 70% — — N-methylpyrrolid-2-one — 20% — — epoxidised coconut oil — — 1% 5% benzine (boiling range: 160-190°) — — 94% —
• Example F3 Granules a) b) c) d) active ingredient 5% 10% 8% 21% kaolin 94% — 79% 54% highly dispersed silicic acid 1% — 13% 7% attapulgite — 90% — 18%
• Example F4 Wettable powders a) b) c) active ingredient 25% 50% 75% sodium lignosulfonate 5% 5% — sodium lauryl sulfate 3% — 5% sodium diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate — 6% 10% octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (7-8 mol EO) — 2% — highly dispersed silicic acid 5% 10% 10% kaolin 62% 27% —
• Example F5 Emulsifiable concentrate active ingredient 10% octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (4-5 mol EO) 3% calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 3% castor oil polyethylene glycol ether (36 mol EO) 4% cyclohexanone 30% xylene mixture 50%
• Example F6 Extruder granules active ingredient 10% sodium lignosulfonate 2% carboxymethylcellulose 1% kaolin 87%
• Example F7 Coated granules active ingredient 3% polyethylene glycol (MW 200) 3% kaolin 94%
• Example F8 Suspension concentrate active ingredient 40% ethylene glycol 10% nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (15 mol EO) 6% sodium lignosulfonate 10% carboxymethylcellulose 1% aqueous formaldehyde solution (37%) 0.2% aqueous silicone oil emulsion (75%) 0.8% water 32%
• Young soybean plants are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 12.5 ppm of test compound and, after the spray-coating has dried, the plants are populated with 10 caterpillars of Spodoptera littoralis in the first stage and then placed in a plastics container. 3 days later, the percentage reduction in population and the percentage reduction in feeding damage (% activity) are determined by comparing the number of dead caterpillars and the feeding damage on the treated plants with that on untreated plants.
• Maize seedlings are placed in the test solution. 6 days later, the leaves are cut off, placed on moist filter paper in a petri dish and infested with 12 to 15 Spodoptera littoralis larvae in the L 1 stage. 4 days later, the percentage reduction in population (% activity) is determined by comparing the number of dead caterpillars on treated plants with that on untreated plants.
• 30-35 eggs of Heliothis virescens are placed on filter paper in a petri dish on a layer of artificial nutrient. 0.8 ml of the test solution is then pipetted onto the filter papers. Evaluation is made 6 days later. The percentage reduction in population (% activity) is determined by comparing the number of dead eggs and larvae on treated plants with that on untreated plants.
• Young cabbage plants are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 12.5 ppm of test compound. After the spray-coating has dried, the cabbage plants are populated with 10 caterpillars of Plutella xylostella in the first stage and placed in a plastics container. Evaluation is made 3 days later. The percentage reduction in population and the percentage reduction in feeding damage (% activity) are determined by comparing the number of dead caterpillars and the feeding damage on the treated plants with that on the untreated plants.
• Pieces of bean leaves are placed on agar in petri dishes and sprayed with test solution in a spray chamber.
• the leaves are then infested with a mixed population of Frankliniella occidentalis . Evaluation is made 10 days later.
• the percentage reduction (% activity) is determined by comparing the population on the treated leaves with that on untreated leaves.
• Maize seedlings are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 12.5 ppm of the test compound and, after the spray-coating has dried, the maize seedlings are populated with 10 Diabrotica balteata larvae in the second stage and then placed in a plastics container. 6 days later, the percentage reduction in population (% activity) is determined by comparing the number of dead larvae on the treated plants with that on untreated plants.
• Young bean plants are populated with a mixed population of Tetranychus urticae and sprayed one day later with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 12.5 ppm of test compound. The plants are incubated for 6 days at 25° C. and subsequently evaluated. The percentage reduction in population (% activity) is determined by comparing the number of dead eggs, larvae and adults on the treated plants with that on untreated plants.
• the compounds of the Tables exhibit a good action in the above tests B1 to B7.
• B.1 to B.4, B.11, B.22, B.29, B.32, B.36, B.41, B.44, B.47, B.51, B.52, B.60, B.70, B.71, B.74, B.82, B.83, B.84, B.86, B.91, B.92 and B.94 bring about a reduction in the pest population mentioned in these tests of more than 80%.

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