US20040252217A1 - System and method for analyzing a digital image - Google Patents

System and method for analyzing a digital image Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040252217A1
US20040252217A1 US10/461,600 US46160003A US2004252217A1 US 20040252217 A1 US20040252217 A1 US 20040252217A1 US 46160003 A US46160003 A US 46160003A US 2004252217 A1 US2004252217 A1 US 2004252217A1
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Prior art keywords
image
advice
setting
characteristic
logic
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US10/461,600
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English (en)
Inventor
Amy Battles
Dan Dalton
Shelley Moore
Andrew Goris
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Hewlett Packard Development Co LP
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Hewlett Packard Development Co LP
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Priority to US10/461,600 priority Critical patent/US20040252217A1/en
Assigned to HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P. reassignment HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GORIS, ANDREW C., BATTLES, AMY E., DALTON, DAN L., MOORE, SHELLEY I.
Priority to DE102004007649A priority patent/DE102004007649A1/de
Priority to JP2004173461A priority patent/JP2005006330A/ja
Publication of US20040252217A1 publication Critical patent/US20040252217A1/en
Priority to US11/054,291 priority patent/US20050212955A1/en
Priority to US11/412,155 priority patent/US20060239674A1/en
Priority to US12/684,505 priority patent/US8780232B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/64—Computer-aided capture of images, e.g. transfer from script file into camera, check of taken image quality, advice or proposal for image composition or decision on when to take image
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/63—Control of cameras or camera modules by using electronic viewfinders
    • H04N23/633—Control of cameras or camera modules by using electronic viewfinders for displaying additional information relating to control or operation of the camera
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to digital photography, and, more particularly, to a system and method for analyzing a digital image.
  • a system for analyzing a digital image comprises an image sensor including a plurality of image capture elements, each of the image capture elements configured to capture image data.
  • the image data is captured according to at least one setting.
  • the system also includes a memory for storing the image data, logic for analyzing the image data to determine at least one characteristic of the image data, and a display for communicating a description of the characteristic.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a digital camera constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical illustration of an image file.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart describing the operation of an embodiment of the image analysis and improvement logic of FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphical illustrations showing an instant review screen and a help screen in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention described below is applicable to any digital camera that provides an “instant review” function.
  • the system and method for analyzing a captured image can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
  • the system and method for analyzing a captured image is implemented using a combination of hardware, software or firmware that is stored in a memory and that is executed by a suitable instruction execution system.
  • the hardware portion of the system and method for analyzing a captured image can be implemented with any or a combination of the following technologies, which are all well known in the art: a discrete logic circuit(s) having logic gates for implementing logic functions upon data signals, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) having appropriate combinational logic gates, a programmable gate array(s) (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • PGA programmable gate array
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the software portion of the system and method for analyzing a captured image can be stored in one or more memory elements and executed by a suitable general purpose or application specific processor.
  • the software for analyzing a captured image which comprises an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions.
  • a “computer-readable medium” can be any means, which contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a digital camera 100 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the digital camera 100 includes an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 102 that executes the image analysis logic 150 of the invention.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the image analysis logic 150 can be software that is stored in memory and executed by the ASIC 102 .
  • the image analysis logic 150 may be implemented in firmware, which can be stored and executed in the ASIC 102 .
  • the digital camera 100 may include additional processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and ASICs.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • the ASIC 102 may also include other elements, which are omitted for simplicity.
  • the ASIC 102 controls the function of various aspects of the digital camera 100 .
  • the camera 100 includes an image sensor 104 .
  • the image sensor 104 may comprise a charge coupled device (CCD) array or an array of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors. Regardless of whether the image sensor 104 comprises an array of individual CCD elements or CMOS sensors, each of the elements in the array comprises a pixel (picture element) of the image sensor 104 .
  • An exemplary pixel is indicated using reference numeral 204 .
  • the pixels in the image sensor 104 are typically arranged in a two-dimensional array. For example, an image array may comprise 2272 pixels in length and 1712 pixels in height.
  • the image sensor 104 captures an image of a subject by converting incident light into an analog signal, and sends this representation of the image via connection 109 to an analog front end (AFE) processor 111 .
  • the analog front end processor 111 typically includes an analog-to-digital converter for converting the analog signal received from the image sensor 104 into a digital signal.
  • the analog front end processor provides this digital signal as image data via connection 112 to the ASIC 102 for image processing.
  • the ASIC 102 couples via connection 118 to one or more motor drivers 119 .
  • the motor drivers 119 control the operation of various parameters of the lens 122 via connection 121 .
  • lens controls such as zoom, focus, aperture and shutter operations can be controlled by the motor drivers 119 .
  • the connection 123 between the lens 122 and the image sensor 104 is shown as a dotted line to illustrate the operation of the lens 122 focusing on a subject and communicating light to the image sensor 104 , which captures the image provided by the lens 122 .
  • the ASIC 102 also sends display data via connection 124 to a display controller 126 .
  • the display controller may be, for example, a national television system committee (NTSC)/phase alternate line (PAL) encoder, although, depending on the application, other standards for presenting display data may be used.
  • the display controller 126 converts the display data from the ASIC 102 into a signal that can be forwarded via connection 127 to image display 128 .
  • the image display 128 which can be, for example a liquid crystal display (LCD) or other display, displays the captured image to the user of a digital camera 100 , and is typically the color display located on the digital camera 100 .
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • the image shown to a user on the image display 128 may be shown before the image is captured and processed, in what is referred to as “live view” mode, or after the image is captured and processed, in what is referred to as “instant review” mode, or, if the image was previously captured, in what is referred to as “review” or “playback” mode.
  • the playback mode can be invoked via a menu command.
  • the instant review mode is typically used to display the captured image to the user immediately after the image is captured and the playback mode is typically used to display the captured image to the user sometime after the image has been captured and stored in memory.
  • the instant review mode allows the user of the camera 100 to immediately view the image on the display 128 .
  • the image display 128 is typically small, only gross features, or characteristics, of the image can be visually observed. Further, the image display 128 may not accurately reproduce color, tint, brightness, etc., which may further make it difficult for a user to determine the quality of the captured image.
  • the difficulty in visually determining the quality of the captured image leads to the possibility of saving an image that may include deficiencies that, if visually detected, would likely cause the user to discard the image and attempt to capture another image having better quality.
  • the image analysis logic 150 dynamically analyzes one or more characteristics of the captured image and presents to the user, via the image display 128 and a user interface, an analysis of the captured image.
  • An exemplary dynamic analysis of the data for each pixel in a captured image is described below in FIG. 2. For example, information associated with each pixel may be analyzed to determine whether a significant number of the pixels forming the image is either black or white. A predominance of white pixels may be indicative of overexposure and a predominance of black pixels may be indicative of underexposure.
  • Similar dynamic analyses can be performed to determine whether an image is in focus or to determine the white balance the image is correct.
  • pixels in an image are examined to determine whether sharp transitions exist between pixels. For example, a black pixel adjoining a white pixel may indicate that the image is in focus, while a black pixel separated from a white pixel by a number of gray pixels may indicate that the image is out of focus.
  • White balance is a characteristic of the image that generally refers to the color balance in the image to ensure that white portions of the image appear white. An image in which each pixel is a different shade of the same color may indicate an image in which the white balance is improperly adjusted.
  • an image improvement logic 160 may be provided to present to the user a recommendation in the form of instructions presented on the image display 128 on ways in which to possibly improve a subsequent image by, for example, adjusting a condition under which the image was captured or adjusting a setting used to capture the image.
  • the image analysis logic 150 analyzes the captured image and, optionally, the camera settings used to capture the image, and determines a value of one or more characteristics of the captured image. For example, to determine whether the exposure of the image is satisfactory, if a predefined number of white pixels in the image is exceeded, then the image analysis logic 150 may indicate that the image is overexposed.
  • the image improvement logic 160 determines whether a condition used to capture the image should be adjusted, or whether a camera setting should be adjusted, to improve a subsequent image. For example, if the image analysis logic 150 determines that the image is underexposed, the image improvement logic 160 can determine that a subsequent image may be improved by activating the camera flash for a subsequent image. When the image analysis logic 150 analyzes the data representing the captured image and the settings used to capture the image, the analysis can be used by the image improvement logic 160 to suggest adjustments to the settings to improve a subsequent image. These suggested adjustments to the camera settings can be presented to the user on a help screen via the image display 128 , or, in an alternative configuration, can be automatically changed for a subsequent image.
  • the ASIC 102 couples to a microcontroller 161 via connection 154 .
  • the microcontroller 161 can be a specific or a general purpose microprocessor that controls the various operating aspects and parameters of the digital camera 100 .
  • the microcontroller 161 is coupled to a user interface 164 via connection 162 .
  • the user interface 164 may include, for example but not limited to, a keypad, one or more buttons, a mouse or pointing device, a shutter release, and any other buttons or switches that allow the user of the digital camera 100 to input commands.
  • the image analysis logic 150 and the image improvement logic 160 communicate with the user via the user interface 164 , through the image display 128 .
  • the ASIC 102 also couples to one or more different memory elements, collectively referred to as memory 136 .
  • the memory 136 may include memory internal to the digital camera 100 and/or memory external to the digital camera 100 .
  • the internal memory may, for example, comprise flash memory and the external memory may comprise, for example, a removable compact flash memory card.
  • the various memory elements may comprise volatile, and/or non-volatile memory, such as, for example but not limited to, synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) 141 , illustrated as a portion of the memory 136 and flash memory.
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • the memory elements may comprise memory distributed over various elements within the digital camera 100 .
  • the ASIC 102 couples to memory 136 via connection 131 .
  • the memory 136 includes the image analysis logic 150 , the image improvement logic 160 , the settings file 155 and the various software and firmware elements and components (not shown) that allow the digital camera 100 to perform its various functions.
  • the memory also stores the image file 135 , which represents a captured image.
  • the software code i.e., the image analysis logic 150
  • the settings file 155 comprises the various settings used when capturing an image.
  • the exposure time, aperture setting (f-stop), shutter speed, white balance, flash on or off, focus, contrast, saturation, sharpness, ISO speed, exposure compensation, color, resolution and compression, and other camera settings may be stored in the settings file 155 .
  • the settings file 155 may be accessed by the image analysis logic 150 to analyze a captured image by, in one example, determining the camera settings used to capture the image that is under analysis.
  • the ASIC 102 executes the image analysis logic 150 so that after an image is captured by the image sensor 104 , the image analysis logic 150 analyzes various characteristics of the captured image. These characteristics may include characteristics of the captured image, or alternatively, may include the settings used to capture the image. Further, if the image improvement logic 160 determines that the image could be improved by changing one or more of the conditions under which the image was captured, or by changing one or more camera settings, then the image improvement logic 160 can either suggest these changes via the user interface 164 and the image display 128 , or can automatically change the settings and prepare the camera for a subsequent image.
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical illustration of an image file 135 .
  • the image file 135 includes a header portion 202 and a pixel array 208 .
  • the pixel array 208 comprises a plurality of pixels, exemplary ones of which are illustrated using reference numerals 204 , 206 and 212 .
  • Each pixel in the pixel array 208 represents a portion of the captured image represented by the image file 135 .
  • An array size can be, for example, 2272 pixels wide by 1712 pixels high.
  • the image file 135 can also be represented as a table of values for each pixel and can be stored, for example, in the memory 136 of FIG. 1. For example, each pixel has an associated red (R), green (G) and blue (B) value.
  • the value for each R, G and B component can be, for example, a value between 0 and 255, where the value of each R, G and B component represents the color that the pixel has captured. For example, if pixel 204 has respective R, G and B values of 0, 0 and 0, respectively, (or close to 0,0,0) the pixel 204 represents the color black, or is close to black. Conversely, for the pixel 212 , a respective value of 255 (or close to 255) for each R, G and B component represents the color white, or close to white. R, G and B values between 0 and 255 represent a range of colors between black and white.
  • the data for each pixel in the image file 135 can be analyzed by the image analysis logic 150 to determine characteristics of the image.
  • characteristics including, but not limited to, the exposure, focus or the white balance of the captured image can be analyzed.
  • a predominance of white pixels may be indicative of overexposure and a predominance of black pixels may be indicative of underexposure.
  • pixels in an image are analyzed to determine whether sharp transitions exist between pixels. For example, a black pixel adjoining a white pixel may indicate that the image is in focus, while a black pixel separated from a white pixel by a number of gray pixels may indicate that the image is out of focus.
  • An image in which each pixel is a different shade of the same color may indicate a problem with the white balance of the image.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart 300 describing the operation of an embodiment of the image analysis logic 150 and the image improvement logic 160 of FIG. 1.
  • Any process descriptions or blocks in the flow chart to follow should be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process, and alternative implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment.
  • functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
  • the image sensor 104 of FIG. 1 captures an image.
  • the image is stored in the memory 136 as image file 135 .
  • the image is displayed to the user of the digital camera 100 via the image display 128 (FIG. 1) during the “instant review” mode.
  • the instant review mode affords the user the opportunity to view the captured image immediately after capture.
  • the user determines whether they want to view the settings with which the image was captured. If the user wants to view the settings, the settings are displayed to the user on the image display 128 as indicated in block 308 . If the user does not want to view the settings, then, in block 312 , it is determined whether the user wants the image analysis logic 150 to analyze the image. If the user does not want the image to be analyzed, then, in block 314 the image can be saved or discarded. Alternatively, the image analysis logic 150 can be invoked automatically without user intervention.
  • the image analysis logic 150 analyzes the data within the image file 135 .
  • the data is analyzed to determine various characteristics of the captured image.
  • the following example will use exposure as the characteristic that is analyzed by the image analysis logic 150 .
  • other characteristics such as, for example, focus and white balance, can be analyzed.
  • the image analysis logic 150 performs a pixel by pixel analysis to determine whether the image includes a predominance of either black or white pixels.
  • the data associated with each pixel in the image file 135 is analyzed to determine whether a pixel is a black pixel or a white pixel.
  • Each pixel is analyzed to determine its corresponding R, G and B values. For example, if the R, G and B values for the pixel 204 are all zeros, the pixel is considered a black pixel.
  • Each pixel in the pixel array 208 is analyzed in this manner to determine the number of black or white pixels in the pixel array 208 for this image file.
  • a determination in block 306 that a substantial portion of the pixels in the array 208 are black indicates that the image is likely underexposed. Conversely, a determination that many of pixels in the array 208 are white indicates that the image is likely overexposed. Of course, the image may be of an all white or an all black subject, in which case the user may choose to disregard the analysis.
  • the data in the image file 135 can be analyzed in combination with other data available either in the image file 135 or from the settings file 155 in the camera 100 .
  • additional data saved in the header 202 of the image file 135 can be analyzed in conjunction with the information from each pixel in the array 208 .
  • This information might include, for example, the ISO setting and the aperture setting (f-stop) used to capture the image.
  • These data items can be used in conjunction with the pixel data described above to develop additional information regarding the characteristic of the analyzed image.
  • the image analysis logic 150 can also analyze the camera settings used to capture the image and use those settings when analyzing the data in the image file 135 to develop additional data regarding the image file 135 .
  • the image analysis logic 150 can access the settings file 155 in the memory 136 of FIG. 1 to determine, for example, whether the flash was enabled, or to determine the position of the lens when the image was captured. In this manner, the image analysis logic 150 can gather a range of information relating to the captured image to perform an analysis on the captured image file 135 to determine whether the captured image meets certain criteria.
  • the image analysis logic 150 determines that the image is underexposed, i.e., the image file contains many black pixels, the image analysis logic 150 can access the settings file 155 to determine whether the flash was active when the image was captured. If the image analysis logic 150 determines that the flash was turned off, the image analysis logic 150 may communicate with the image improvement logic 160 to recommend that the user activate the flash so that a subsequent image may have less likelihood of being underexposed.
  • block 318 it is determined whether the image data analyzed in block 316 represents an acceptable image. This can be an objective determination based on criteria that the user enters into the camera 100 via a user interface 164 (FIG. 1) or can be preset in the camera 100 at the time of manufacture. Alternatively, the determination of whether the image data represents an acceptable image can be a subjective determination based on user input. If the image is determined to be acceptable, then no further calculation is performed.
  • the image improvement logic 160 evaluates the settings used to capture the data in the image file 135 to determine whether a condition or setting can be changed to improve the image.
  • the image improvement logic 160 can also develop recommendations to present to the user of the camera to improve a subsequent image. For example, if the analysis in block 316 suggests that the image was underexposed, the image improvement logic 160 may develop “advice” to be presented to the user. In this example, as will be described below, the image improvement logic 160 may suggest that the user activate the flash to improve a subsequent image. This suggestion may be provided to the user via the image display 128 in conjunction with the user interface 164 .
  • the instant review and help screen may include, for example, a thumbnail size display of the image, a display of the settings used to capture the image, an evaluation of the image and, if the user desires, suggestions on ways to improve the image.
  • the evaluation of the image may include, for example, a notification that characteristics, such as exposure, focus and color balance are satisfactory.
  • Suggestions on ways in which to improve the image may be communicated to the user via the image display 128 and may include, for example, changing a condition under which the image was captured, changing a setting with which the image was captured, or a combination of both changing a condition and a setting.
  • block 326 determines whether they want to capture another image. If the user does not want to capture another image, the process ends. If, however, in block 326 , the user wants to capture another image, then, in block 332 , it is determined whether the user wants to manually change a condition or setting for the subsequent image or, if the setting is one that can be changed by the digital camera 100 , whether the user wants the digital camera 100 to automatically change the setting.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphical illustrations showing an instant review screen and a help screen provided by the image analysis logic 150 and the image improvement logic 160 .
  • the captured image is displayed to the user via the instant review screen 400 immediately after an image is captured. If the user desires additional information regarding the image, then, in this example, the user actuates an appropriate control on the user interface 164 to display the instant review help screen shown in FIG. 4B.
  • the instant review help screen 410 includes a thumbnail image 402 of the captured image from FIG. 4A, the exposure settings 404 , and any other settings 406 used when the image in FIG. 4A was captured.
  • the instant review help screen 410 also includes an improvement message portion 410 , referred to as an “advice” portion.
  • the advice portion 410 may include, for example, the settings that were evaluated in block 322 of FIG. 3, and/or advice on ways in which to improve the image.
  • the digital camera 100 captures an image, analyzes the image, and provides instructions, via the instant review help screen 410 , on ways to improve a subsequent image.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Indication In Cameras, And Counting Of Exposures (AREA)
US10/461,600 2003-06-12 2003-06-12 System and method for analyzing a digital image Abandoned US20040252217A1 (en)

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US10/461,600 US20040252217A1 (en) 2003-06-12 2003-06-12 System and method for analyzing a digital image
DE102004007649A DE102004007649A1 (de) 2003-06-12 2004-02-17 System und Verfahren zum Analysieren eines digitalen Bildes
JP2004173461A JP2005006330A (ja) 2003-06-12 2004-06-11 デジタル画像を分析するためのシステム
US11/054,291 US20050212955A1 (en) 2003-06-12 2005-02-08 System and method for analyzing a digital image
US11/412,155 US20060239674A1 (en) 2003-06-12 2006-04-26 System and method for analyzing a digital image
US12/684,505 US8780232B2 (en) 2003-06-12 2010-01-08 System and method for analyzing a digital image

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US11/054,291 Continuation-In-Part US20050212955A1 (en) 2003-06-12 2005-02-08 System and method for analyzing a digital image

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