US20040241745A1 - Substance specific to pd-1 - Google Patents

Substance specific to pd-1 Download PDF

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US20040241745A1
US20040241745A1 US10/485,466 US48546604A US2004241745A1 US 20040241745 A1 US20040241745 A1 US 20040241745A1 US 48546604 A US48546604 A US 48546604A US 2004241745 A1 US2004241745 A1 US 2004241745A1
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substance
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gly
recognizes
disease
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Tasuku Honjo
Shiro Shibayama
Masayoshi Matsuo
Takao Yoshida
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Ono Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Assigned to ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., HONJO, TASUKU reassignment ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HONJO, TASUKU, MATSUO, MASAYOSHI, SHIBAYAMA, SHIRO, YOSHIDA, TAKAO
Publication of US20040241745A1 publication Critical patent/US20040241745A1/en
Assigned to HONJO, TASUKU, ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. reassignment HONJO, TASUKU RE-RECORD TO CORRECT THE EXECUTION DATES FOR THE SECOND, THIRD AND FOURTH ASSIGNORS, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 015305 FRAME 0255. Assignors: MATSUO, MASAYOSHI, SHIBAYAMA, SHIRO, YOSHIDA, TAKAO, HONJO, TASUKU
Priority to US12/057,637 priority Critical patent/US7858746B2/en
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
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    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide

Definitions

  • the invention is related to a substance comprising a substance that recognizes PD-1, a substance that recognizes a membrane protein co-existing with PD-1 on a cell membrane, and a linker.
  • the immune system acquired the mechanism that can respond to various foreign antigens.
  • the mechanism brings about the diversity of an antigen receptor by recombination of V, (D) and J fragment in T cells and B cells.
  • V, (D) and J fragment in T cells and B cells.
  • this mechanism brought a result that produces self-reactive lymphocytes simultaneously, these self-reactive lymphocytes are removed by the negative selection in the thymus or bone marrow, and are further controlled by the self-tolerance mechanism of clone removal or anergy in the periphery.
  • PD-1 is type I membrane protein of 55 kD belonging to an immunoglobulin family. Both mouse PD-1 and human PD-1 consist of 288 amino acids, and have signal peptide at N terminal (20 amino acid) and hydrophobic region in the middle part, which is a transmembrane region (The EMBO J. 11 (11):3887-3895, 1992); Japanese patent Publication No. 5-336973; EMBL/GenBank/DDJB Acc. No. X67914, Genomics 23:704, 1994; Japanese patent Publication No. 7-291996 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,629,204).
  • PD-1 is expressed during a CD4 ⁇ CD8 ⁇ cell differentiation to a CD4+CD8+ cell (Nishimura H. et. al., Int.Immunol. 8:773-780, 1996, Nishimura H. et. al., J. Exp. Med. 191:891-898, 2000).
  • PD-1 is expressed in T cells and B cells which were activated by the stimulus from an antigen receptor (Agata Y. et. al., Int. Immunol. 8:765-772, 1996), and in bone marrow cells including activated macrophage.
  • PD-1 has ITIM (Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif) in its intracellular region, therefore it is considered to be a negative regulator in immune reaction.
  • PD-1 deficit mice develop a lupus-like autoimmune disease such as glomerular nephritis and arthritis (C57BL/6 genetic background) (Nishimura H. et. al., Int. Imuunol. 10:1563-1572, 1998, Nishimura H. et. al., Immunity 11:141-151, 1999) and dilated cardiomyopathy-like disease (BALB/c genetic background) (Nishimura H. et. al., Science 291:319-322, 2001), it became clear that PD-1 is a regulator of the development of autoimmune disease, especially one of self-tolerance in the periphery.
  • ITIM Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif
  • PD-1 is the regulator of various autoimmune diseases, and that it is one of the genes that cause an autoimmune disease.
  • the medical treatment and diagnosis of suppression or enhancement of the immune function, infection, the rejection at the time of a transplant, a neoplasm, etc. could be performed, and as a result of repeating examination wholeheartedly, the inventors reached this invention concerning the substance which controls the function of PD-1.
  • TCR T cell receptor
  • BCR B cell receptor
  • PD-1 is controlling negatively various cells responsible for immunity, such as lymphocytes and myeloid cells etc.
  • ITIM Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif
  • the inventors considered the molecular mechanism involved in the inhibitory signal transduction of PD-1 to be the recruit of de-phosphorylation enzymes (phosphatases). Therefore, it came to be considered by locating PD-1 near TCR or BCR that it can display the function of PD-1.
  • the inventors confirmed first that the above-mentioned idea was right using anti-PD-1 antibody, and anti-BCR antibody or anti-CD3 antibody.
  • CD3 is the membrane protein expressed on a T cell, and is one component of the complexes that constitute TCR.
  • the divalent antibody was constructed by bridging anti-PD-1 antibody and anti-BCR or anti-CD3 antibody. In the present invention, this divalent antibody is called hybrid antibody. The inventors produced this hybrid antibody for the first time.
  • the present invention relates to,
  • a substance comprising a substance that recognizes PD-1, a substance that recognizes a membrane protein co-existing with PD-1 on a cell membrane, and a linker,
  • the substance according to (1) which is a divalent substance comprising a substance that recognizes PD-1, a substance that recognizes a membrane protein co-existing with PD-1 on a cell membrane, and a linker,
  • the substance according to (1) or (2) which comprises a substance that recognizes PD-1, a substance that recognizes a protein constituting T cell receptor complex or a substance that recognizes a protein constituting B cell receptor complex, and a linker,
  • neurodegenerative disease is selected from the group consisting of Parkinson's disease, parkinsonian syndrome, Huntington's disease, Machado-Joseph disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,
  • autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of glomerular nephritis, arthritis, dilated cardiomyopathy-like disease, ulcerative colitis, Sjogren's syndrome, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, polymyositis, scleroderma, periarteritis nodosa, rheumatic fever, vitiligo vulgaris, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Behcet's Syndrome and chronic thyroiditis.
  • autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of glomerular nephritis, arthritis, dilated cardiomyopathy-like disease, ulcerative colitis, Sjogren's syndrome, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Psoriasis, allergic contact
  • a substance that recognizes PD-1 said by the present invention maybe a substance which recognizes PD-1 specifically, for example, anti-PD-1 antibody, the fragment of anti-PD-1 antibody, PD-1 in itself, the fragment of PD-1, ligand of PD-1 (PD-L1 (Freeman G. J. et. al., J. Exp. Med. 192:1027-1034, 2000), PD-L2, PD-H3), the fragment thereof and a low molecule organic compound, etc.
  • PD-L1 Freeman G. J. et. al., J. Exp. Med. 192:1027-1034, 2000
  • PD-L2, PD-H3 ligand of PD-1
  • the Fab portion of the antibody it is not limited to this.
  • a substance that recognizes a membrane protein co-existing with PD-1 on a cell membrane said by the present invention may be a substance which recognizes a membrane protein specifically, for example, a substance which specifically recognizes a complex that constitute T cell receptor (TCR) (TCR complex) etc. expressed on T cells, or a substance which specifically recognizes a complex that constitute B cell receptor (BCR) (BCR complex) etc. expressed on B cells, such as the fragment of a protein constituting TCR complex, anti-TCR antibody, the fragment of anti-TCR antibody, the fragment of a protein constituting BCR complex, anti-BCR antibody and the fragment of anti-BCR antibody.
  • TCR T cell receptor
  • BCR BCR complex
  • the Fab portion of an anti-TCR antibody or the Fab portion of an anti-BCR antibody it is not limited to these.
  • anti-TCR antibody Both an anti-TCR antibody and an anti-BCR antibody are available commercially.
  • anti-CD3 antibody ⁇ -CD3 ⁇ mAb, manufactured by Pharmingen
  • anti-IgG (H+L) polyclonal antibody manufactured by Zymed
  • a linker said by the present invention may be a substance which can connect the above mentioned substance recognizing PD-1 and the substance recognizing a membrane protein co-existing with PD-1 on a cell membrane if a suitable distance can be maintained. More specifically, it may be a peptide, amide, etc.
  • a linker can be used what is marketed, for example, Phenylenedimaleimide (manufactured by Aldrich) is available.
  • a substance that specifically recognizes PD-1 which is the subject of the present invention, can be produced as follows, for example.
  • an antibody is chosen as a substance which recognizes PD-1 specifically, and that an antibody is also chosen as a substance which recognizes specifically a membrane protein co-existing with PD-1 on a cell membrane (hereinafter, simply referred to as “the membrane protein”), a substance is called hybrid antibody by this invention.
  • the membrane protein a substance which recognizes specifically a membrane protein co-existing with PD-1 on a cell membrane.
  • a hybrid antibody can be produced by bridging thus obtained anti-PD-1 antibody and anti-membrane antibody with a linker.
  • a hybrid antibody can be produced by bridging each F(ab′) SH thus prepared with a linker.
  • both or one of the two of a substance which specifically recognizes PD-1 and a substance which specifically recognizes a membrane protein co-existing with PD-1 on a cell membrane are a low molecule organic compound
  • a substance can be produced by bridging the compound-to-compound, the compound to antibody, or the compound to Fab with a linker.
  • an immunization step (1) it is desirable to administer PD-1 or the membrane protein to an animal into the peritoneal cavity or foot pad.
  • the animal to be immunized will not be limited especially if it is the one from which the monoclonal antibody is obtained generally such as mouse, rat or the like. In the case of a mouse, the amount of an antigen is enough if 10-200 micrograms is administered per time.
  • the cell fusion of (2) is carried out by excising spleen from an immunized animal with which the antibody titer has fully risen among the animals immunized in the step (1), preparing spleen cell suspension according to a usual method, and adding polyethylene glycol (preferably PEG4000) to a mixture of the spleen cells thus obtained and myeloma cells at 37° C.
  • polyethylene glycol preferably PEG4000
  • PEG4000 polyethylene glycol
  • HGPRT hyperxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase-defective cell line which cannot survive in HAT medium (a medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine)
  • HAT medium a medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine
  • SP-2O—Ag-14 is used as the myeloma cell.
  • the obtained cell fusion mixture is dispensed into a 96-well micro plate at a low density, and cultivated in the HAT medium.
  • HAT medium By culturing them for 1 to 2 weeks, un-fused myeloma cells, hybridomas of myeloma cells themselves, un-fused spleen cells and dybridomas of spleen cells themselves die because their surviving conditions are not satisfied, and only the hybridomas of spleen cell with myeloma cell are propagated.
  • a hybridoma is the one which produces an antibody against PD-1 or the membrane protein is judged by allowing each hybridoma culture supernatant to react with the immobilized antigen, and then determining amount of the antibody in the supernatant specifically adsorbed to the antigen using a labeled second antibody.
  • the step (4) is carried out by cloning the antibody-producing hybridoma in accordance with the soft agar culture method (Monoclonal Antibodies, 372 (1980)). In this case, it is also possible to use the limiting dilution method.
  • the step (5) is carried out by culturing the cloned hybridoma in usual medium and then separating and purifying fromthe culture supernatant, however, to obtain a larger amount of the antibody efficiently a method in which the hybridoma is administered into the abdominal cavity of mouse, allowed to propagate therein and then separated and purified from the ascites is used.
  • the purification can be carried out by usual methods such as salting out, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic chromatography and affinity chromatography, however, affinity chromatography using protein A-sepharose CL-4B (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience) is used more effectively.
  • a hybrid antibody of the present invention recognizes PD-1 specifically, it can be used for the purification and concentration of PD-1, for example, for affinity chromatography etc.
  • the step (7) can be carried out by bridging a linker such as sulfo-EMCS (N-(6-maleimidcaproxy) sulfo-succinimide sodium salt) to amide groups or SH (mercapto) groups of an antibody.
  • a linker such as sulfo-EMCS (N-(6-maleimidcaproxy) sulfo-succinimide sodium salt)
  • amide groups or SH (mercapto) groups of an antibody amide groups
  • one antibody is combined to sulfo-EMCS by amide coupling, un-reacted sulfo-EMCS is discarded by gel filtration, the maleimide groups of the sulfo-EMCS that is bound to the first antibody is reacted with SH (mercapto) groups of the other antibody that is reduced with 2-mercaptoethylamine etc., and then a substance bridged over two kinds of antibodies is size-fractionated using gel filtration.
  • SH mercap
  • the step (8) is carried out by digesting each antibody obtained in the step (6) with pepsin at 37° C. for 48 hours.
  • the separation and purification of F(ab′) 2 digested with pepsin can be carried out by usual methods such as salting out, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic chromatography and affinity chromatography, however, gel filtration using Sephacryl S-200 (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience) is used more effectively.
  • the step (9) is carried out by reducing F(ab′) 2 with 2-mercaptoethanol at 30° C. for 30 minutes.
  • the separation and purification of the reduced Fab SH can be carried out by usual methods such as salting out, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic chromatography and affinity chromatography, however, gel filtration using Sephacryl S-200 is used more effectively.
  • Fab SH fraction of one antibody is combined with a linker.
  • a linker a substance that is combinable with mercapto (SH) groups of Fab SH may be used, for example, a reaction is performed by adding phenylene dimaleimide for 30 minutes at room temperature. Next, the reaction is followed by adding the other Fab SH multiplied by 1.3 at room temperature for 4 hours.
  • the separation and purification of bispecific substance can be carried out by usual methods such as salting out, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic chromatography and affinity chromatography, however, gel filtration using Sephacryl S-200 is used more effectively.
  • the step (11) can be carried out by using the antibody obtained at the step (6) without modification, or by using the antibody with appropriate labeling (for example, biotin-conjugated or FITC-conjugated etc.) in accordance with a usual method.
  • an antigen is immobilized by a usual method, and then an antibody is added.
  • enzyme-conjugated second antibody and biotin-conjugated antibody are used, enzyme-conjugated streptavidin is added, then the specific binding between antigen and antibody is measured in the presence of chromophore-producing substance by using absorptiometer.
  • the obtained low molecule can be combined with the antibody or Fab by introducing the suitable functional group in it.
  • the suitable functional group for example, when maleimide groups is introduced, it is possible to make it combine with mercapto groups of an antibody or Fab.
  • both substances are low molecules, it is possible to synthesize a molecule containing both ones.
  • bispecific antibody in the present invention.
  • the method of producing this bispecific antibody is explained.
  • An antibody gene is isolated from hybridoma cells producing antibodies against PD-1 and the membrane protein, respectively,
  • variable domain of an antibody gene against PD-1 and a variable domain of an antibody gene against the membrane protein are connected using a linker DNA, the connected DNA fragment is inserted to an expression vector, and cells are transfected with the expression vector and propagated,
  • Bispecific antibody can be prepared by separating and purifying the protein thus produced.
  • the step (1) consists of the processes, which isolates RNA from hybridoma cells, and which isolates cDNA encoding an antibody or its partial peptide.
  • RNA or mRNA from hybridoma cells can be carried out in accordance with known methods (hereinafter, if unstated especially, a known method is the method described in Molecular Cloning (Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F. and Maniatis T., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989) or Current Protocol in Molecular Biology (Ausubel F. M. et al., John Wiley & Sons and Inc.).
  • the cloning of a cDNA encoding an antibody gene or its partial peptide of the present invention can be performed by an amplification using Polymerase Chain Reaction (hereinafter simply referred to as “PCR method”) with synthesized DNA primers having partial nucleotide sequence encoding an antibody of the present invention, or by a selection using hybridization of cDNAs inserted into a suitable vector with a labeled DNA fragment or synthetic DNA encoding an antibody of the present invention partially or entirely. Hybridization can be carried out in accordance with known methods.
  • An antibody gene may be amplified directly by using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (hereinafter simply referred to as “RT-PCR method”) from total RNA or mRNA.
  • Bispecific antibody of the present invention may be prepared by:
  • Examples of expression system for the production of peptide by using recombinant DNA technology are the expression systems using bacteria, yeast, insect cells and mammalian cells.
  • the initiation codon is added to 5′-end of the nucleotide sequence, for example, shown in SEQ ID NO:28, then the expression vector is prepared by connecting the obtained DNA to the downstream of a suitable promoter (e.g., trp promoter, lac promoter, ⁇ PL promoter, and T7 promoter), and by inserting it into a vector (e.g., pBR322, pUC18and pUC19) which functions in an E. coli strain.
  • a suitable promoter e.g., trp promoter, lac promoter, ⁇ PL promoter, and T7 promoter
  • a vector e.g., pBR322, pUC18and pUC19
  • an E. coli strain (e.g., E. coli strain DH1 , E. coli strain JM 109 and E. coli strain HB101) which is transformed with the expression vector described above may be cultured in an appropriate medium to obtain the desired peptide.
  • a signal peptide of bacteria e.g., signal peptide of pel B
  • the desired peptide maybe released in periplasm.
  • a fusion protein with other peptide may be produced easily.
  • an expression vector is prepared by inserting a DNA, for example, having the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28, into the downstream of a proper promoter (e.g., SV40 promoter, LTR promoter and metallothione in promoter) in a proper vector (e.g., retro virus vector, papilloma virus vector, vaccinia virus vector and SV40vector).
  • a proper promoter e.g., SV40 promoter, LTR promoter and metallothione in promoter
  • a proper vector e.g., retro virus vector, papilloma virus vector, vaccinia virus vector and SV40vector.
  • suitable mammalian cells e.g., monkey COS-1 cells, COS-7 cells, Chinese hamster CHO cells, mouse L cells, 293 cells etc.
  • suitable mammalian cells e.g., monkey COS-1 cells, COS-7 cells, Chinese hamster CHO cells, mouse L cells, 293 cells etc.
  • the transfected cells are cultured in an appropriate medium, the aimed peptide can be secreted into the culture medium.
  • a transformation of E. coli can be carried out in accordance with the method, for example, described in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 69:2110, 1972 and Gene 17: 107, 1982.
  • a transfection of mammalian cells can be carried out in accordance with the method, for example, described in Saiboukougaku supl.8:263 (New experimental protocol for cell technology), Shujun-sha, 1995 and Virology 52:456, 1973.
  • a bispecific antibody can be prepared directly by using recombinant DNA technology.
  • Alt et al. FEBS Letter 454:90, 1999
  • VH heavy chain variable domain
  • VL light chain variable domain
  • a peptide linker contains 3 to 12 amino acid residues, but it is not limited particularly to its amino acid sequence (Hudson et al., J. Immunol. Met. 231:177, 1999).
  • the peptide thus obtained can be purified by usual methods such as salting out, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic chromatography and affinity chromatography.
  • bispecific antibody of the present invention also recognizes PD-1 specifically, it can be used for the purification and concentration of PD-1, for example, for affinity chromatography etc.
  • a substance that specifically recognizes PD-1 by the present invention is useful for the medical treatment and/or prevention of diseases such as neurodegenerative disease (Parkinson's disease, parkinsonian syndrome, Huntington's disease, Machado-Joseph disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease etc.).
  • diseases such as neurodegenerative disease (Parkinson's disease, parkinsonian syndrome, Huntington's disease, Machado-Joseph disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease etc.).
  • a substance that specifically recognizes PD-1 by the present invention is also useful for the medical treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in which PD-1 is involved and immune responses are enhanced, such as autoimmune diseases (glomerular nephritis, arthritis, dilated cardiomyopathy-like disease, ulcerative colitis, Sjogren's syndrome, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, polymyositis, scleroderma, periarteritis nodosa, rheumatic fever, vitiligo vulgaris, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Behcet's Syndrome and chronic thyroiditis etc.), organ transplant rejection, and allergy.
  • autoimmune diseases glomerular nephritis, arthritis, dilated cardiomyopathy-like disease, ulcerative colitis, Sjogren's syndrome, Crohn's disease, systemic lup
  • a substance that specifically recognizes PD-1 by the present invention is also useful for the medical treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in which PD-1 is involved and immune responses are reduced, such as neoplasm and infections.
  • administration of the substance that specifically recognizes PD-1 by the present invention can be carried out in systemic or local, generally peroral or parenteral ways.
  • the dosage to be administered depends upon age, body weight, symptom, desired therapeutic effect, route of administration, and duration of the treatment etc.
  • one dose per person is generally between 0.1 mg and 100 mg by oral administration up to several times per day, or between 0.01 mg and 30 mg by parenteral administration (preferably intravenous administration) up to several times per day, or continuous administration between 1 and 24 hrs. per day into vein.
  • the doses to be used depend upon various conditions. Therefore, there are cases in which doses lower than or greater than the ranges specified above may be used.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered as inner solid compositions or inner liquid compositions for oral administration, or as injections, liniments or suppositories etc. for parenteral administration.
  • Inner solid compositions for oral administration include compressed tablets, pills, capsules, dispersible powders and granules etc.
  • capsules include hard capsules and soft capsules.
  • one or more of the active compound(s) remains intact, or is/are admixed with excipients (lactose, mannitol, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose and starch etc.), connecting agents (hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, magnesium metasilicate aluminate, etc.), disintegrating agents (cellulose calcium glycolate etc.), lubricating agents (magnesium stearate etc.), stabilizing agents, assisting agents for dissolving (glutamic acid, asparaginic acid etc.) etc. to prepare pharmaceuticals by known methods.
  • excipients lactose, mannitol, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose and starch etc.
  • connecting agents hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, magnesium metasilicate aluminate, etc.
  • disintegrating agents cellulose calcium glycolate etc.
  • lubricating agents magnesium stearate etc.
  • stabilizing agents assisting agents for dissolving (glutamic acid
  • the pharmaceuticals may, if desired, be coated with coating agent (sugar, gelatin, hydroxypropyl cellulose or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate etc.), or be coated with two or more films. Further, coating may include capsules of absorbable materials such as gelatin.
  • Inner liquid compositions for oral administration may contain pharmaceutically acceptable water-agents, suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs etc.
  • one or more of the active compound(s) is/are resolved, suspended or emulsified in inert diluent (s) commonly used in the art (purified water, ethanol or mixture thereof etc.).
  • Such liquid compositions may also comprise wetting agents, suspending agents, emulsifying agent, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, perfuming agents, preserving agents and buffer agents etc.
  • Injections for parenteral administration include solutions, suspensions and emulsions and solid injections, which are dissolved or suspended in solvent when it is used.
  • one or more active compound(s) is/are dissolved, suspended or emulsified in a solvent.
  • Solvents include distilled water for injection, physiological salt solution, plant oil, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, alcohol such as ethanol, and mixture thereof etc.
  • Such compositions may comprise additional stabilizing agents, assisting agents for dissolving (glutamic acid, asparaginic acid, POLYSOLBATE80 (resistered trade mark) etc.), suspending agents, emulsifying agents, soothing agent, buffer agents, preserving agents etc.
  • They may be manufactured or prepared by sterilization or by aseptic manipulation in a final process. They may also be manufactured in the form of sterile solid compositions such as freeze-dried compositions, and can be dissolved in sterile water or some other sterile solvent for injection immediately before use.
  • compositions for parenteral administration include liquids for external use, ointments, endermic liniments, aerosols, spray compositions, suppositories and pessaries for vaginal administration etc., which comprise one or more of the active compound(s) and may be prepared by known methods.
  • Spray compositions may comprise additional substances other than inert diluents generally used: e.g. stabilizing agents such as sodium hydrogen sulfate, buffer agents to give isotonicity, isotonic buffer such as sodium chloride, sodium citrate and citric acid.
  • stabilizing agents such as sodium hydrogen sulfate, buffer agents to give isotonicity
  • isotonic buffer such as sodium chloride, sodium citrate and citric acid.
  • the substance that specifically recognizes PD-1 by the present invention can also be used for the screening of substances, which are involved in immune responses, by measuring the expression of PD-1.
  • a substance that specifically recognizes PD-1 by the present invention comprises a substance that recognizes PD-1, a substance that recognizes a membrane protein co-existing with PD-1 on a cell membrane, and a linker, is a superior substance recognizable both PD-1 and the membrane protein specifically and transmittable the signal of PD-1.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of FACS analysis using anti-PD-1/anti-TCR hybrid Fab antibodies
  • FIG. 2 shows the effect of anti-PD-1/anti-TCR hybrid Fab antibodies on activated T cells
  • FIG. 3 shows the inhibitory effect of anti-PD-1/anti-BCR hybrid Fab antibodies on the production of IL-2 by anti-BCR antibody stimulation
  • FIG. 4 shows the effect of anti-PD-1/anti-BCR hybrid Fab antibodies on SHP-2 recruitment after anti-BCR antibody stimulation
  • FIG. 5 shows the plasmid J43-2C11scDb-pSec/hygro B for the expression of J43-2C11 bispecific antibody
  • FIG. 6 shows the effect of J43-2C11 bispecific antibodies on the production of IFN-r by activated mouse spleen T cells.
  • anti-PD-1 antibody and anti-T cell receptor antibody are linked by a linker simply referred to as “anti-PD-1/anti-TCR hybrid antibody”, and a substance in which anti-PD-1 antibody and anti-B cell receptor antibody are linked by a linker “anti-PD-1/anti-BCR hybrid antibody”, respectively.
  • Anti-mouse CD3 ⁇ monoclonal antibodies were substituted with Sodium phosphate (0.1 M, pH7.0) and Nacl (50 mM), then 200 times quantity of sulfo-EMCS (manufactured by Dojin Chemical) were added and incubated at 20° C. for 1 hour. Then the reaction mixture was size-fractionated by gel filtration using Sephacril S-300 [Sodium phosphate (0.1 M, pH7.0)] and major peak fractions were collected by monitoring the absorbency at 280 nm. The protein content was calculated from the absorbency at 280 nm simultaneously.
  • Antibodies against mouse PD-1 (produced by the hybridoma cells named (J43) and deposited as international deposition Accession number FERM BP-8118) were substituted with Sodium phosphate (0.1 M, pH6.0), added with 2-mercaptoethylamine (final concentration of 10 mM) and EDTA (final concentration of 1 mM), and reduced at 37° C. for 90 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was size-fractionated by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-300 [Sodium phosphate (0.1 M, pH6.0)] and major peak fractions (single chain fractions) were collected by monitoring the absorbency at 280 nm. The protein content was calculated from the absorbency at 280 nm simultaneously. (1-C) Bridging of Maleimide-conjugated anti-mouse CD3 ⁇ monoclonal antibodies and Reduced anti-PD-1 antibodies
  • Antibodies against mouse PD-1 (produced by the hybridoma cells named (J43) and deposited as international deposition Accession number FERM BP-8118) were substituted with pepsin-buffer [(sodium acetate 0.1 M, pH4.5), NaCl (0.1 M)], added with pepsin (final concentration of 0.2 mg/ml), and digested for 48 hours at 37° C. Then the reaction mixture was size-fractionated by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-200 [Tris-HCl (0.2 M, pH8.0), EDTA (10 mM)] and major peak fractions (F(ab′) 2 fraction) were collected by monitoring the absorbency at 280 nm. The protein content was calculated from the absorbency at 280 nm simultaneously.
  • Anti-mouse CD3 ⁇ monoclonal antibodies (manufactured by Pharmingen) were substituted with pepsin-buffer [(sodium acetate 0.1 M, pH4.5), NaCl (0.1 M)], added with pepsin (final concentration of 0.2 mg/ml), and digested for 48 hours at 37° C. Then the reaction mixture was size-fractionated by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-200 [Tris-HCl (0.2 M, pH8.0), EDTA (10 mM)] and major peak fractions (F(ab′) 2 fraction) were collected by monitoring the absorbency at 280 nm. The protein content was calculated from the absorbency at 280 nm simultaneously.
  • Phenylenedimaleimide (manufactured by Aldrich) (final concentration of 4 mM) was added to the Fab SH fraction of anti-PD-1 antibodies prepared in step (2-A), and incubated for30minutes at room temperature to prepare J43 Fab mal fraction.
  • the J43 Fab mal fraction and the Fab SH fraction of anti-mouse CD3 ⁇ monoclonal antibodies were mixed at the rate of 1:1.3 and incubated for 4 hours at room temperature.
  • an appropriate amount of Tris-HCl (1 M, pH8.0) were added to make the pH of the reaction mixture 8.0, 2-mercaptoethanol (final concentration of 20 mM) was added and incubated at 30° C. for 30 minutes.
  • iodoacetoamide (manufactured by Sigma) was added (final concentration of 25 mM) and incubated for additional 10 minutes at room temperature under light shielding.
  • reaction mixture was size-fractionated by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-200 [sodium acetate (50 mM, pH6.3), EDTA (1 mM)] and major peak fractions (BsAb fraction) were collected by monitoring the absorbency at 280 nm.
  • the protein content was calculated from the absorbency at 280 nm simultaneously.
  • the cells were added with each 2 ⁇ l (1 ⁇ g) of second antibodies, fill upped to final 100 ⁇ l with FACS buffer, and incubated for 30 minutes on ice. Then they were analyzed by using FACS can. The results were shown in FIG. 1 (in the following figures, hybrid Fab antibody simply referred to as “HFAb”).
  • Spleen was excised from BALB/c mouse. After red blood cells were hemolyzed, the spleen cells were washed once with PBS( ⁇ ) and suspended in medium RPMI1640 (10% FCS, antibiotics) (1 ⁇ 10 8 cells/ml). Next, T cells were prepared by using nylon fiber column (manufactured by WAKO) for T cell separation equilibrated with the medium.
  • Antibodies against mouse PD-1 (the same antibodies as used in Example 1) were substituted with pepsin-buffer [(sodium acetate 0.1 M, pH4.5), NaCl (0.1 M)], added with pepsin (manufactured by SIGMA) (final concentration of 0.2 mg/ml), and digested at 37° C. for 48 hours. Then the reaction mixture was size-fractionated by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-200 (manufactured by AmarshamParmacia) [Tris-HCl (0.2 M, pH8.0), EDTA (10 mM)] and major peak fractions (F(ab′) 2 fraction) were collected by monitoring the absorbency at 280 nm. The protein content was calculated from the absorbency at 280 nm simultaneously.
  • Phenylenedimaleimide manufactured by Aldrich
  • final concentration of 4 mM was added to the Fab SH fraction of J43 anti-PD-1 antibodies, and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature to prepare J43 Fab mal fraction.
  • the J43 Fab mal fraction and the Fab SH fraction of anti-IgG (H+L) polyclonal antibodies were mixed at the rate of 1:1.3 and incubated for 4 hours at room temperature.
  • an appropriate amount of Tris-HCl (1 M, pH8.0) were added to make the pH of the reaction mixture 8.0, 2-mercaptoethanol (final concentration of 20 mM) was added and incubated at 30° C. for 30 minutes.
  • DNA fragments of mPD1-flag digested with EcoRI were inserted into the EcoRI site of a commercially available expression vector to construct the expression plasmid mPD1-pA.
  • A20IIA1.6 cells (1 ⁇ 10 7 ) in 325 ⁇ l of ice-cold RPMI1640 medium containing 15% FCS and the PD-1 expression plasmid linearized with ScaI in 10 ⁇ l of distilled water were incorporated into a Cuvette for electroporation (Gene Pulser Cuvette 0.4 cm electrode gap, 50, BIO RAD), and pulsed under the condition of 250V/960 ⁇ F (Gene Pulser, BIO RAD).
  • the cells were suspended in 30 ml of medium (RPMI1640 containing 10% FBS, 50 ⁇ l of 2-mercaptoethanol, penicillin and streptomycin), diluted thirtyfold further, and dispensed onto 96-well plates (10 3 /100 ⁇ l/well). After 48 hours, the selection was initiated using final 3 ⁇ M of Puromycin to establish the cell line expressing mouse PD-1.
  • medium RPMI1640 containing 10% FBS, 50 ⁇ l of 2-mercaptoethanol, penicillin and streptomycin
  • A20IIA1.6 cells that was forced to express mouse PD-1 were seeded on 96-well plates (5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/100 ⁇ l).
  • Anti-PD-1/anti-BCR hybrid Fab antibodies (0, 1, 3, 10 ⁇ g/100 ⁇ l) were added, 10 minutes later 100 ⁇ l of anti-mouse IgG (H+L) F(ab′) 2 (manufactured by Zymed) (final concentration of 0.3, 1, 3 ⁇ g/ml) were dispensed and cultivated for 12 hours in a CO 2 incubator (at 37° C.).
  • the culture supernatants were recovered and the concentrations of IL-2 in the culture supernatants were measured by using mouse IL-2 assay kit (manufactured by R & G System). The results were shown in FIG. 3.
  • Anti-PD-1/anti-BCR hybrid Fab antibodies (0, 1, 3, 10 ⁇ g/100 ⁇ l) were added to 3 ⁇ 10 6 of A20IIA1.6 cells (B cell line) that was forced to express mouse PD-1. After 10 minutes, 100 ⁇ l of anti-mouse IgG (H+L) F(ab′) 2 were added and incubated for 5 minutes at room temperature.
  • the cells were suspended in 200 ⁇ l of lysis buffer (composition: Tris-HCl (20 mM, pH7.4), NaCl (150 mM), Na 2 EDTA (1 mM), EGTA (1 mM), 1% Triton-X100, sodium pyrophosphate (2.5 mM), ⁇ -sodium glycerophosphate (1 mM), Na 3 VO 4 (1 mM), leupeptin (1 ⁇ g/ml) and PMSF (1 mM) and left at rest on ice.
  • lysis buffer composition: Tris-HCl (20 mM, pH7.4), NaCl (150 mM), Na 2 EDTA (1 mM), EGTA (1 mM), 1% Triton-X100, sodium pyrophosphate (2.5 mM), ⁇ -sodium glycerophosphate (1 mM), Na 3 VO 4 (1 mM), leupeptin (1 ⁇ g/ml) and PMSF (1 mM)
  • the beads were washed five times with 400 ⁇ l of lysis buffer, added with 20 ⁇ l of lysis buffer and 20 ⁇ l of 2 ⁇ SDS sample buffer, and boiled at 100° C. for 5 minutes. After discarding the beads by centrifugation, 15 ⁇ l of supernatants were subjected to 4-20% SDS-PAGE. After electrophoresis the gels were substituted with blotting buffer and transferred onto PVDF membrane (manufactured by BIO RAD). Then the membrane was blocked with Block Ace (manufactured by Dainippon Pharmaceuticals) for 1 hour at room temperature.
  • Block Ace manufactured by Dainippon Pharmaceuticals
  • the membrane was incubated with anti-SHP-2 antibody (manufactured by SANTA CRUZ) diluted 1/200 for 1 hour at room temperature, then washed three times with TBS-T for 10 minutes.
  • the membrane was incubated with HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit Ig antibody (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience) diluted 1/2000 for 1 hour at room temperature, then washed three times with TBS-T for 10 minutes.
  • the membrane was emitted light by using ECT plus detection kit (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience) and analyzed using luminoimager LAS1000 plus (manufactured by FUJI Film).
  • Anti-mouse PD-1 antibody producing hybridoma (J43) cells were cultured in Hybridoma SFM medium (manufactured by Invitrogen) at 37° C. under 5% CO 2 , a few days after the culture supernatants of hybridoma cells were recovered. IgG fraction was purified from the culture supernatants recovered by using HiTrap Protein G (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience).
  • J43 IgG was subjected to 10-20% SDS-PAGE. After electrophoresis the IgG was electrically transferred from the gel onto PVDF membrane (manufactured by BIO RAD). The membrane transferred was stained with coomassie, the membrane fraction containing the light chain of J43 IgG was removed, and amino terminal 15 residues of the light chain were determined by using peptide sequencer Procise492 (manufactured by Applied Biosystems)(SEQ ID NO:1).
  • RNA was prepared according to the direction of attached document. mRNA was purified from total RNA thus prepared by using Oligotex-MAG mRNA Purification Kit (manufactured by Takara Shuzo).
  • 5′RACE 5′-Full RACE Core Set (manufactured by Takara Shuzo) under the following conditions.
  • Primer No. 2 5′-ccc aag agg tca gga gtt gga-3′ (5′ phosphorylated) (SEQ ID NO:5)
  • Primer No. 3 5′-ttg acc agg cat ccc agg gtc-3′ (SEQ ID NO:6)
  • SEQ ID NO:6 5′-ttg acc agg cat ccc agg gtc-3′
  • Anti-mouse CD3 ⁇ antibody producing hybridoma 145-2C11: manufactured by Pharmingen cells were cultured in Hybridoma SFM medium (manufactured by Invitrogen) at 37° C. under 5% CO 2 , a few days after 5 ⁇ 10 6 hybrisoma cells were lysed with 1 ml of TRIzol (manufactured by Invitrogen). Total RNA was prepared according to the direction of attached document.
  • cDNA was synthesized from 2.5 ⁇ g of total RNA extracted from hybridoma (145-2C11) cells by oligo-dT prime method using Ready-To-Go You-Prime First-Strand Beads (manufactured by Amersham Pharmacia). Operations and procedures were followed by the instructions of attached document.
  • primers No.7 and No.8 were designed.
  • primers No.9 and No.10 were designed. PCR was carried out using these primers and the cDNA library from hybridoma 145-2C11 as a template.
  • Primer No. 7 5′-gag gtg cag ctg gtg gag tct-3′ (SEQ ID NO:12) Primer No.
  • J43 IgG heavy chain cDNA and 145-2C11 IgG light chain cDNA were connected by PCR using linker No.1, No.2, primer No.11 and No.12 to prepare fragment 1 (see FIG. 5).
  • 145-2C11 IgG light chain cDNA and 145-2C11 IgG heavy chain cDNA were connected by PCR using linker No.3, No.4, primer No.13 and No.14 to prepare fragment 2 (see FIG. 5).
  • 145-2C11 IgG heavy chain cDNA and J43 IgG light chain cDNA were connected by PCR using linker No.5, No.6, primer No.15and No.16 to prepare fragment 3 (see FIG. 5).
  • DNA fragments 1, 2 and 3 and plasmid pBluescriptII SK(+) were digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI/KpnI, KpnI/SphI, SphI/XhoI, EcoRI/XhoI, respectively. After electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel, the DNA fragments were purified from the gel using MinElute Gel Extraction Kit. Next, these three fragments and plasmid pBluescriptII SK(+) (manufactured by StrateGene) were connected using DNA Ligation Kit ver.2 (manufactured by Takara Shuzo), then E.
  • Plasmid J43-2C11scDb-pBluescriptII SK(+) was prepared from E. coli , then the nucleotide sequence of the insert was determined (SEQ ID NO:28). The deduced amino acid sequence is shown in sequence listing (SEQ ID NO:29).
  • J43-2C11scDb-pBluescriptII SK(+) was digested with restriction enzymes BamHI and XhoI, the BamHI-XhoI fragment out of BamHI-XhoI and BamHI-BamHI fragments generated by the digestion was connected with BamHI/XhoI digested mammalian expression vector pSecTag2/Hygro B (manufactured by Invitrogen). Next, the pSecTag2/Hygro B connected with BamHI-XhoI fragment was digested again with restriction enzyme BamHI, and connected with the other BamHI-BamHI fragment. E. coli DH5 ⁇ were transformed with the connected plasmid.
  • Plasmid J43-2C11scDb-pSec/Hygro B was prepared from E. coli , then the nucleotide sequence of thus prepared J43-2C11bispecific antibody was determined (SEQ ID NO:30). The deduced amino acid sequence is shown in sequence listing (SEQ ID NO:31)
  • the cells were discarded by centrifugation, then the supernatant was filtrated using 0.22 ⁇ m PVDF filter.
  • the supernatant was enclosed in dialysis tube, dialyzed against PBS containing 40% PEG20000, and concentrated.
  • the concentrated supernatant was purified using HiTrap chelating HP column (manufactured by Amersham Farmacia).
  • the antibodies were purified by gel-filtration using Hiprep 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 High Resolution (manufactured by Amersham Farmacia).
  • Spleen was removed from BALB/c mouse, and cells were prepared using CellStrainer (70 ⁇ m Nyron). The cells were recovered by centrifugation, and red blood cells were hemolyzed by the addition of hemolysis buffer [NH 4 Cl (0.8%), KCO 3 (0.1%) and EDTA (1 mM)]. The cells were washed with PBS ( ⁇ ) once, T cells were enriched by using mouse CD3 + T cell enrichment column kit (manufactured by R&D), and suspended in medium (RPMI1640 containing 10% FBS) in the proportion of 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells/ml.
  • the T cells thus prepared were seeded on 96-well plates (2 ⁇ 10 5 cells/100 ⁇ l /well), which were coated preliminarily with 5 ⁇ g/ml of anti-CD3 antibodies (clone KT3) at 37° C. for 3 hours, added with J43-2C11 bispecific antibody diluted in the medium (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 ⁇ g/100 ⁇ l ), and cultivated for 72 hours at 37° C. under 5% CO 2 . After 72 hours, the culture supernatants were recovered, and the concentrations of IFN-r in the supernatants were determined by using Quantikine Immunoassay Kit (manufactured by R&D).
  • J43-2C11 bispecific antibody suppressed dose dependently the production of IFN-r from activated mouse spleen T cells in vitro.

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US9067999B1 (en) 2002-07-03 2015-06-30 Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Immunopotentiative composition
US9084776B2 (en) 2005-05-09 2015-07-21 E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. Methods for treating cancer using anti-PD-1 antibodies
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