US20040131870A1 - Compositions and methods for inhibiting protein on surfaces - Google Patents

Compositions and methods for inhibiting protein on surfaces Download PDF

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US20040131870A1
US20040131870A1 US10/732,934 US73293403A US2004131870A1 US 20040131870 A1 US20040131870 A1 US 20040131870A1 US 73293403 A US73293403 A US 73293403A US 2004131870 A1 US2004131870 A1 US 2004131870A1
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polymers
nipam
lenses
lens
protein
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Howard Ketelson
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Alcon Inc
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Alcon Inc
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Assigned to ALCON, INC. reassignment ALCON, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KETELSON, HOWARD ALLEN
Publication of US20040131870A1 publication Critical patent/US20040131870A1/en
Priority to US11/273,778 priority patent/US7276552B2/en
Priority to US11/839,932 priority patent/US7468344B2/en
Priority to US12/127,050 priority patent/US7485607B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L12/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L12/08—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
    • A61L27/34—Macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L12/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L12/08—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L12/14—Organic compounds not covered by groups A61L12/10 or A61L12/12
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L12/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L12/08—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L12/14—Organic compounds not covered by groups A61L12/10 or A61L12/12
    • A61L12/141—Biguanides, e.g. chlorhexidine
    • A61L12/142—Polymeric biguanides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L12/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L12/08—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L12/14—Organic compounds not covered by groups A61L12/10 or A61L12/12
    • A61L12/143—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A61L12/145—Polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
    • A61L31/10—Macromolecular materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0078—Compositions for cleaning contact lenses, spectacles or lenses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3719—Polyamides or polyimides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
    • C11D3/3773—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines in liquid compositions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to the reduction of protein deposition on surfaces.
  • the invention provides compositions and methods for inhibiting the deposition of protein on the surfaces of medical devices, particularly biomedical and prosthetic devices.
  • the invention is based on the discovery that certain polymers and related copolymers comprising the monomer n-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) significantly inhibit protein deposition on the surfaces of contact lenses.
  • NIPAM monomer n-isopropylacrylamide
  • NIPAM-containing polymers could be used to modify the surfaces of medical devices, such as contact lenses, and to control protein deposition and release on such surfaces.
  • the terms “soft” and “hard” relative to contact lenses are generally associated with not only the relative hardness of the respective types of lenses, but also the type of polymeric material from which the lenses are formed.
  • the term “soft” generally denotes a contact lens that is formed from a hydrophilic polymeric material, such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate or “HEMA”, while the term “hard” generally denotes a lens that is formed from a hydrophobic polymeric material, such as polymethylmethacrylate or “PMMA”.
  • HEMA hydroxyethyl methacrylate
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • the ionic surfaces and porous nature of soft contact lenses can lead to significant problems when the lenses come into contact with the tear film due to the complex composition of the tear film, which is largely comprised of proteins, lipids, enzymes and various electrolytes. Tear components include albumin, lactoferrin, lysozyme and a number of immunoglobulins. The uptake of proteins from the tear fluid onto the lens is a common problem and depends on a number of factors, including the nature of the materials from which the lens is made.
  • Soft contact lenses act as efficient substrates for protein deposition and adsorption. This fouling can lead to dehydration of the lens and instability of the tear film, resulting in discomfort and lack of tolerance in the wearer. Adsorption of proteins can also facilitate bacterial colonization and this can increase the risk of vision-threatening infections.
  • contact lens cleaning must be a regular part of a patient's lens care regimen.
  • cleaning agents such as surfactants and enzymes are typically incorporated into contact lens care products to remove protein deposits.
  • the use of these agents can lead to irritation, and in cases where rubbing and cleaning regimens are required, there is a possibility that the cleaning agents will not be used properly or will be used in a manner that damages the lenses.
  • the surfaces of contact lenses could be modified so as to prevent or reduce the adsorption of proteins to the surfaces.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,411,932 describes the use of polymeric alcohols and polymeric ethers, including poly(ethylene glycol), polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol methyl ether, as prophylactic agents against soilant deposits on contact lenses;
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,274,133 (Hu et al.) describes the use of cationic cellulose polymers to prevent the build-up of lipids and proteins on a silicone-hydrogel lens;
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,096,138 (Heiler, et al.) describes the use of polyquaternium polymers such as Luviquate (BASF), which is a mixture of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazolium moieties that can bind to hydrophilic contact lens materials, so as to block the binding of proteinaceous materials to the lenses.
  • BASF Luviquate
  • the present invention is directed to the use of polymers that are surface active and exhibit a temperature response in aqueous solutions.
  • the polymers and related polymers e.g., co-polymers
  • NIPAM N-isopropylacrylamide
  • the present invention is based on a discovery that the NIPAM polymers and related polymers may be utilized to inhibit protein deposition on the surfaces of hydrogel contact lenses.
  • the NIPAM polymers provide unique solution properties, and it has been discovered that these properties can be employed in formulations where protein resistant hydrogel surfaces are desired.
  • the present invention is based on a discovery that the NIPAM polymers described herein are uniquely suited for this purpose.
  • the NIPAM polymers described herein may be employed in various manners in order to achieve modification of contact lens surfaces and surfaces of other medical devices.
  • contact lenses can be stored in solutions containing NIPAM polymers prior to being worn. This prophylactic approach allows the polymers to form a protective layer on the surface of the lenses before the consumer even exposes the lenses to tear fluids containing protein.
  • the NIPAM polymers may also be incorporated in multi-purpose solutions for treating contact lenses on a daily basis. Chemical grafting on surfaces to form permanent coatings of NIPAM polymers is another method for preparing protein resistant surfaces.
  • the surface modification techniques described herein may be applied to various medical devices where protein resistant surfaces are desired, such as intraocular lenses, catheters, cardiac stents, prosthetics, and other medical devices that undergo prolonged exposure to proteins during use in or on the bodies of humans or other mammals.
  • NIPAM polymers described herein have a range of inherent physical properties (e.g., low interfacial free energy, hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties, very low toxicity, dynamic surface mobility and steric stabilization) that enable these polymers to exhibit superior protein inhibiting characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of the tests described in Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the tests described in Example 3.
  • NIPAM polymers utilized in the present invention have the following formula:
  • n is a whole number of from 10 to 3,000.
  • the NIPAM polymers utilized in the present invention include various types of polymers that comprise the above-described monomer.
  • the polymers may be formed entirely from the NIPAM monomer identified above, or other monomers can be incorporated into the polymer by copolymerizing the NIPAM monomer with other monomers, such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-acetylacylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide and butyl methacrylate.
  • modified polymers or copolymers containing the NIPAM monomer can be prepared by functionalization of end groups, preparation of block copolymers, and cross-linking of polymers.
  • NIPAM polymers All such polymers, copolymers or modifications thereof are referred to herein as either “NIPAM polymers” or “PNIPAM”.
  • the NIPAM polymers utilized in the present invention will typically have molecular weights of from 1,000 to 300,000 Daltons. The polymers are available from Polymer Source, Inc., Dorval, Quebec (Canada).
  • the amount of PNIPAM utilized in the compositions of the present invention will vary depending on the form of the compositions and the intended use thereof.
  • the concentration of PNIPAM utilized will generally be an amount sufficient to obtain a solution surface tension of less than 50 milliNewtons per meter (“mNm ⁇ 1 ”) at room temperature (23° C.).
  • NIPAM polymers are surface active, and therefore will readily adsorb to most types of surfaces. Factors such as the type of surface (hydrophobic versus hydrophilic), temperature, buffer and excipients will influence the interaction between the polymers and a surface, and will influence the magnitude of the interactions.
  • PNIPAM polymers may be combined with other components commonly utilized in products for treating contact lenses, such as rheology modifiers, enzymes, antimicrobial agents, surfactants, chelating agents or combinations thereof.
  • the preferred surfactants include anionic surfactants, such as RLM 100, and nonionic surfactants, such as the poloxamines available under the name “Tetronic®”, and the poloxamers available under the name “Pluronic®”.
  • a variety of buffering agents may be added, such as sodium borate, boric acid, sodium citrate, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, phosphate buffers and combinations thereof.
  • compositions of the present invention that are intended for use as CLC products will contain one or more ophthalmically acceptable antimicrobial agents in an amount effective to prevent microbial contamination of the compositions (referred to herein as “an amount effective to preserve”), or in an amount effective to disinfect contact lenses by substantially reducing the number of viable microorganisms present on the lenses (referred to herein as “an amount effective to disinfect”).
  • antimicrobial agents include: chlorhexidine, polyhexamethylene biguanide polymers (“PHMB”), polyquaternium-1, and the amino biguanides described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/581,952 and corresponding International (PCT) Publication No. WO 99/32158, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated in the present specification by reference.
  • PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide polymers
  • PCT International
  • the preferred antimicrobial agents are polyquaternium-1, and amino biguanides of the type described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/581,952 and corresponding International (PCT) Publication No. WO 99/32158.
  • the most preferred amino biguanide is identified in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/581,952 as “Compound Number 1”. This compound has the following structure:
  • the ophthalmic compositions of the present invention will generally be formulated as sterile aqueous solutions.
  • the compositions must be formulated so as to be compatible with ophthalmic tissues and contact lens materials.
  • the compositions will generally have an osmolality of from about 200 to about 400 milliosmoles/kilogram water (“mOsm/kg”) and a physiologically compatible pH.
  • compositions of the present invention and the ability of those compositions to reduce protein adsorption on contact lenses are further illustrated by the following Examples.
  • Unmodified (i.e., non-ionic) NIPAM polymers and modified (i.e., end terminated with —COOH groups) NIPAM polymers were added to appropriately buffered solutions to demonstrate the ability of these polymers to reduce protein adsorption when utilized as components of buffered multi-purpose solutions for treating contact lenses.
  • a simple means of producing PNIPAM-modified surfaces was used in order to mimic the contact lens disinfection/cleaning regime typically used by the consumer.
  • NIPAM polymers utilized are identified in Table 1 below. These polymers were purchased from Polymer Source Inc. and were used without further purification. TABLE 1 Polymer Type M v ⁇ 10 3 M w /M n P2991-NIPAM Non-ionic 46,380 2.36 P604-NIPAM Non-ionic 71,600 2.44 P1239-NIPAM Non-ionic 122,000 2.50 P2426F2-NIPAM- Anionic 132,000 1.29 COOH
  • Acuvue (Vistakon, a division of Johnson & Johnson Vision Products, Inc) lenses were used as the substrate in this study.
  • the lenses had the following parameters: 42% etafilcon A, 58% water, FDA Group IV lens. Diameter, 14.0 mm; base curve, 8.8 mm; power, ⁇ 2.00.
  • NIPAM and NIPAM-COOH polymers identified in Table 1 were formulated at pH 7.8 in a buffered vehicle containing 1.5% sorbitol, 0.6% boric acid and 0.32% NaCl. In a beaker, all the formulation chemicals except for the NIPAM polymers were weighed out and purified water was added (QS to 95%). The pH was adjusted to 7.8 with NaOH/HCl. The NIPAM polymer was weighed out and added to the buffer solution and this was stirred overnight to solubilize the polymer.
  • test formulations are shown in Table 2 below; the concentrations are expressed as weight/volume percent (“w/v%”): TABLE 2 Formulation Numbers 9591-47C Component 9591-47A 9591-47B (Control) P2991-NIPAM 0.034 0.017 — Sorbitol 1.5 1.5 1.5 Boric Acid 0.6 0.6 0.6 Sodium Chloride 0.32 0.32 0.32 Purified Water QS QS QS pH 7.8 7.8 7.8
  • test formulations were evaluated for their prophylaxis behavior using lysozyme as the model protein, as described below.
  • Phosphate Buffered Saline 1.311 g of monobasic sodium phosphate (monohydrate), 5.74 g of dibasic sodium phosphate (anhydrous), and 9.0 g of sodium chloride were dissolved in deionized water and the volume was brought to 1000 mL with deionized water, and pH was adjusted (as necessary). The final concentrations of sodium phosphate and sodium chloride were 0.05 M and 0.9%, respectively. The final pH was 7.4.
  • a 1.5-mg/mL lysozyme solution was prepared by dissolving 750 mg of lysozyme in 500-mL phosphate buffered saline pH adjusted to 7.4.
  • a lens extraction solution was prepared by mixing 1.0 ml of trifluoroacetic acid with 500-mL acetonitrile and 500 ml of deionized water.
  • the pH of the solution ranged from 1.5 to 2.0.
  • Each lens was immersed in 3-mL of each test formulation and allowed to sit at room temperature overnight. The next morning, the lenses were removed from the test formulations and dabbed lightly on a towel.
  • Each presoaked lens was immersed in a Wheaton glass sample vial containing 3-mL of lysozyme solution.
  • the vial was closed with a plastic snap cap and incubated in a constant temperature water bath at 37° C. for 24 hours.
  • Three additional lenses were included as controls to establish the total amount of lysozyme deposited. After incubation, the deposited lenses were removed from their vials and rinsed by dipping into three consecutive beakers containing 200 ml Unisol®4 or water to remove any excess of the deposition solution.
  • the lenses were extracted with 5 ml of ACN/TFA extraction solution in a screw-capped glass scintillation vial.
  • the extraction was done by shaking the vial with a rotary shaker (Red Rotor) at room temperature for at least 2 hours (usually overnight).
  • Quantitative determination of the lysozyme of the lens extract was carried out using a fluorescence spectrophotometer interfaced with an autosampler and a computer.
  • the fluorescence intensity of a 2 ml aliquot from each sample solution was measured by setting the excitation/emission wavelength at 280 nm/346 nm with excitation/emission slits of 2.5 nm/10 nm, respectively, and the sensitivity of the photomultiplier was set at 950 volts.
  • a lysozyme standard curve was established by diluting the lysozyme stock solution to concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 ⁇ g/ml, using the ACN/TFA extraction solution for the lens extract and the vehicle for the soaking solutions.
  • the instrument settings for measuring the fluorescence intensity were the same for the lens extracts and lens soaking solutions.
  • the lysozyme concentrations for all of the samples were calculated based on the slope developed from the linear lysozyme standard curve.
  • the % prophylaxis of each formulation was calculated by subtracting the amount of lysozyme in the lens extract from the amount of lysozyme from the control lenses (total deposit), then dividing that by the total deposit and multiplying by 100.
  • FIG. 1 shows the % prophylaxis as a function of PNIPAM concentration (g/100 ml) for nonionic NIPAM polymers having molecular weights of 46,380; 71,600; and 122,000, respectively.
  • FIG. 1 shows that there was no significant PNIPAM molecular weight dependence on the % prophylaxis using the defined polymer concentrations.
  • PNIPAM concentrations up to 0.2 g/100 ml gave % prophylaxis results of approximately 30%.
  • the % prophylaxis could be increased to 50% to 60% using polymer concentrations between 0.4 g/100 ml and 0.65 g/100 ml.
  • the % prophylaxis was not dependent is on the molecular weight of the NIPAM polymers.
  • the prophylactic properties of NIPAM polymers were further evaluated using a 3-day cycling study. Two sets of lenses were prepared. One set was presoaked in the formulations shown in Table 2 before going into the lysozyme solution, whereas the other set was not. Both sets of lenses were then placed in the lysozyme solution for 8 hours (Day 1). At the end of the day all the lenses were rinsed and put in their respective formulations to soak overnight. The following day (Day 2), the lenses went back into the lysozyme for the day (8 hours). This was repeated to complete 3 cycles (3 Days). At the end of the experiment all the lenses were analyzed in accordance with the procedures described in Example 1.
  • the buffered solutions containing a NIPAM polymer i.e., P2991-NIPAM
  • P2991-NIPAM a NIPAM polymer
  • the presoaked lenses treated with solutions containing concentrations of 0.034% and 0.017% of the NIPAM polymer demonstrated prophylaxis values of 67.8% and 60.8%, respectively.
  • the prophylaxis values were 45.9% and 41.9% at concentrations of 0.034% and 0.017%, respectively.
  • results set forth in Table 3 demonstrate that treatment of the lenses with a NIPAM polymer solution prior to exposure to proteins is preferable. However, the results also show that even when the lenses have already been exposed to proteins prior to an initial treatment with a NIPAM polymer solution, the uptake of protein is reduced when the lenses are subsequently treated with a NIPAM polymer solution. Thus, the results of this study confirm that the compositions of the present invention are effective in reducing the formation of protein deposits on contact lenses, even when the lenses are repeatedly exposed to protein contamination.
  • FIG. 2 shows the prophylaxis data obtained using the overnight soak model with lenses pre-soaked in the respective PNIPAM formulations.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the prophylaxis properties of the NIPAM polymers were retained in the presence of the antimicrobial agent AL-8496 and other formulation components, including cleaning ingredients (e.g., citrate and Tetronic® 1304).
  • cleaning ingredients e.g., citrate and Tetronic® 1304.
  • Example 2 The evaluation was carried out using the same procedures as outlined in Example 1.
  • the buffered solution utilized as a control (10581-85J) did not exhibit any prophylaxis properties.
  • Table 6 the compositions of the present invention containing PNIPAM at concentrations of 0.2% (10581-85B) and 0.4% (10581-85C) produced prophylaxis results of 56.2% and 63%, respectively.

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US10/732,934 US20040131870A1 (en) 2002-12-23 2003-12-11 Compositions and methods for inhibiting protein on surfaces
US11/273,778 US7276552B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2005-11-15 Compositions and methods for inhibiting protein on surfaces
US11/839,932 US7468344B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2007-08-16 Compositions and methods for inhibiting protein on surfaces
US12/127,050 US7485607B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2008-05-27 Compositions and methods for inhibiting protein on surfaces

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