Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
  • C09B1/16—Amino-anthraquinones
  • C09B1/20—Preparation from starting materials already containing the anthracene nucleus
  • C09B1/26—Dyes with amino groups substituted by hydrocarbon radicals
  • C09B1/32—Dyes with amino groups substituted by hydrocarbon radicals substituted by aryl groups
  • C09B1/325—Dyes with no other substituents than the amino groups

Definitions

• the disclosure relates generally to a method for preparing a 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant composition.
• Anthraquinone derivatives have been widely used in various dye and pigment compositions in such diverse areas as tracer chemistry, polymer industry, etc. Numerous synthetic routes have been devised to obtain these anthraquinone derivatives.
• a method for producing a 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant composition comprises:
• a method for producing a 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant composition comprises:
• a 4-halobenzoic acid compound is reacted with a halogenating agent to produce the corresponding 4-halobenzoyl chloride.
• the 4-halobenzoic acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of 4-chlorobenzoic acid, 4-bromobenzoic acid, 4-iodobenzoic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• the halogenating agent comprises a halogen-containing phosphorus compound, a halogen-containing sulfur compound, and a carbonyl halide. Any combination of these halogenating agents can be used.
• the halogenating agent is selected from the group consisting of PCl 3 , PCl 5 , PBr 3 , POCl 3 , POBr 3 , carbonyl chloride, carbonyl bromide, thionyl chloride, thionyl bromide, sulfuryl chloride, and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred halogenating agents include thionyl chloride, PCl 3 , and SOCl 2 .
• a solvent can be optionally used in the preparation of the 4-halobenzoyl chloride. Any solvent that would be expected to be inert under the reaction conditions can be used.
• the solvent comprises aromatic compounds having from about 6 to about 9 carbon atoms, and aliphatic and alicyclic compounds having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• aromatic compounds that can be used as a solvent include, but are not intended to be limited to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, cumene, isomeric xylenes, chlorobenzene, isomeric dichlorobenzenes, chlorotoluenes, chloroxylenes, nitrobenzene, and the like.
• linear and branched hydrocarbons such as, pentane, hexane, neohexane, heptane, isoheptane, octane, isooctance, cyclohexane, decalin, nitromethane, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1
• nitrobenzene is a particularly advantageous solvent—the 4-halobenzoyl chloride composition in nitrobenzene solvent obtained from the halogenation reaction can be directly used as such for the acylation reaction (vide supra) with biphenyl.
• the reaction of 4-halobenzoic acid with the halogenating agent can also be carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising an amide or a urea compound.
• the catalyst comprises from about 0.1 parts to about 5 parts per 100 parts of said 4-halobenzoic acid, of a catalyst comprising an amide compound or a urea compound. Any mixture of the amide compound and the urea compound can also be used.
• the reaction of the 4-halobenzoic acid with the halogenating agent can be carried out at any temperature in the range from about ambient temperature to about the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture.
• the reaction temperature is in the range from about ambient temperature to about 100° C.
• the reaction temperature is in the range of from about ambient temperature to about 60° C. Reaction temperatures higher than 100° C. can be used, but generally is not required due to the facile nature of the reaction.
• the amount of the halogenating agent can vary over a wide range. In one embodiment, the amount of the halogenating agent taken varies from about 1 mole to about 4 moles per mole of the 4-halobenzoic acid.
• halogenating agents such as thionyl chloride, PCl 3 , and POCl 3 , which are relatively volatile and therefore can be easily removed from the reaction mixture, are used in excess such that they also function as a solvent for preparing the 4-halobenzoyl halide.
• the 4-halobenzoyl halide composition obtained as previously described is reacted with biphenyl in a suitable solvent, and in the presence of a first catalyst composition to form a 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]halobenzene composition.
• the acylation of biphenyl with the 4-halobenzoyl halide composition is carried out in solvents selected from the group comprising nitroaromatic compounds, nitroaliphatic compounds, and halogen-containing C 1 -C 4 aliphatic compounds or a mixture thereof
• An exemplary nitroaromatic compound is nitrobenzene
• an exemplary nitroaliphatic compound is nitromethane.
• the acylation reaction is carried out using a first catalyst composition comprising a Lewis acid catalyst.
• a Lewis acid catalyst A wide variety of Lewis acids are available in the art for carrying out the acylation of aromatic compounds.
• the first catalyst composition comprises a compound having the formula M 1 X m , wherein “M 1 ” is at least one element selected from groups 3 to 15 of the Periodic Table; “X” comprises an electron-withdrawing group, such as a halogen, trifluoroacetate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, and the like; and “m” is an integer having a value from about 2 to about 5.
• Exemplary compounds comprising the first catalyst composition include, but are not limited to zinc(II) chloride, zinc(II) bromide, aluminum(III) chloride, boron(III) trifluoride, boron(III) trifluoride etherate, boron(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, tin(IV) tetrachloride, titanium(IV) tetrachloride, zirconium(IV) chloride, iron(III) chloride, antimony(III) chloride, antimony(V) chloride, and the like.
• the first catalyst composition comprises at least one of zinc(II) chloride, aluminum(III) chloride, boron(III) fluoride etherate, and iron(III) chloride. Any mixture of the foregoing catalysts can also be used for the acylation reaction.
• the amount of the first catalyst composition varies, comprising from about 90 moles to about 100 moles per 100 moles of said 4-halobenzoyl chloride.
• the temperature range that can be used to effect the acylation reaction varies from about ambient temperature to about 200° C. in one embodiment, and from about 50° C. to about 200° C. in another embodiment.
• the time required for complete reaction of biphenyl with the 4-halobenzoyl halide composition varies from about 1 hour to about 10 hours in one embodiment, and from about 2 hours to about 8 hours in another embodiment.
• the progress of the reaction can be followed by thin layer chromatography (hereinafter referred to as “TLC”) by monitoring the disappearance of the 4-halobenzoyl halide. An aliquot of the reaction mixture is taken and quenched with aqueous hydrochloric acid.
• the organic layer is then separated and treated with an excess of methanol to convert any unreacted 4-halobenzoyl halide to the corresponding methyl 4-halobenzoate, which is then identified by TLC.
• the reaction mixture is quenched as described above, and the product can be isolated from the organic solution by techniques well known in the art, such as distillation under atmospheric or reduced pressure, steam distillation, and the like.
• the 1-[4-(4-phenylbenzoyl)]halobenzene composition is reacted with a 1-aminoanthraquinone in the presence of a second catalyst composition, in a reaction medium comprising a dipolar aprotic solvent, to form a 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant composition.
• An exemplary dipolar aprotic solvent is one selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-3-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and sulfolane.
• reaction medium can also comprise an inert co-solvent, such as substituted and unsubstituted aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which are miscible with any of the dipolar aprotic solvents mentioned above.
• the second catalyst composition comprises copper, a Cu(I) halide (CuX), and a copper(II) halide (CuX 2 ), wherein “X” is selected from chloride, bromide, and iodide. Any combination of the three individual copper-containing components can be used for this reaction.
• Exemplary second catalyst compositions include those comprising copper, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, CuCl 2 , CuBr 2 , and CuI 2 .
• the second catalyst composition comprises copper and CuI 2 .
• the second catalyst composition comprises copper, CuI, and CuI 2 .
• a copper-containing alloy such as a copper-bronze or a copper-zinc alloy can also be used.
• the second catalyst composition comprises about 0.05 parts to about 25 parts per 100 parts by weight of 1-aminoanthraquinone.
• An acid scavenger is used in the reaction of 1-[4-(4-phenylbenzoyl)]halobenzene composition with 1-aminoanthraquinone to trap the hydrogen halide by-product.
• the acid scavenger is used in an amount corresponding to at least one molar equivalent of the 1-aminoanthraquinone.
• the acid scavengers generally comprise carboxylate, carbonate, and bicarbonate salts of alkali metal and alkaline earth metals.
• the carboxylate salts have the general formula M(COOR 1 ) n , wherein “M” is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal; R 1 is a monovalent alkyl group having from about 1 to about 6 carbons; and “n” is selected from 1 or 2.
• alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carboxylates include, but are not intended to be limited to lithium acetate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, lithium benzoate, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, lithium propionate, sodium propionate, calcium acetate, calcium propionate, calcium benzoate, and the like.
• alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates and bicarbonates include, but are not intended to be limited to lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and the like. Any combination of the acid scavengers mentioned hereinabove can also be used.
• an acid scavenger comprises potassium carbonate and sodium acetate.
• the reaction of 1-[4-(4-phenylbenzoyl)]halobenzene composition with 1-aminoanthraquinone can be carried out at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 200° C. in one embodiment, and at a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 170° C. in another embodiment.
• the reaction is generally carried out for a period from about 12 hours to about 30 hours. In an embodiment, the reaction is carried out for a period from about 18 hours to about 24 hours.
• the general method described above can be used for preparing a 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant composition using 4-bromobenzoic acid as the starting material.
• the method comprises: reacting one mole of a 4-bromobenzoic acid with about 1 mole to about 4 moles of thionyl chloride per mole of 4-bromobenzoic acid, to form a 4-bromobenzoyl chloride composition; reacting in the presence of aluminum chloride, said 4-bromobenzoyl chloride composition with biphenyl in a solvent comprising nitrobenzene, to form a 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]bromobenzene composition; and reacting in the presence of a second catalyst composition comprising about 1 part of copper per part of copper(I) iodide, said 1-[4-(4-phenylbenzoyl)]bromobenzene composition with a 1-aminoanthraquinone in a solvent comprising N,N-dimethylformamide, to form said 1-[4-(4-phenylbenzoyl)]phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant
• the nitrobenzene solution comprising the 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]bromobenzene composition can be advantageously used without any further processing, such as complete or partial removal of nitrobenzene, in the subsequent reaction with 1-aminoanthraquinone.
• thermoplastic resins that can be used for preparing the colored resin compositions is selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polycarbonates, bisphenol A polycarbonate, polyamides, polyimides, polyamideimides, polystyrenes, rubber-modified polystyrenes, acrylonitrile-containing polymers, polyarylene ethers, poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) and any combination thereof.
• High performance thin layer chromatography (hereinafter referred to as “HPTLC”) was performed using a Camag TLC Scanner 3 instrument equipped with a flame ionization detector, and a Camag Linomat IV automatic spotter.
• This Example describes the preparation of 4-bromobenzoyl chloride from 4-bromobenzoic acid.
• TLC thin layer chromatography
• This Example describes the preparation of 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]bromobenzene from 4-bromobenzoyl chloride prepared as described in Example 1.
• reaction progress was monitored by taking an aliquot of the reaction mixture, quenching it with dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate.
• the ethyl acetate extract was spotted on a TLC silica plate and eluted with 20% (on a volume basis) ethyl acetate in hexane. After being heated for 16 hours, only traces of biphenyl was detected by TLC analysis. The heating was stopped, and the reaction mixture was cooled to about room temperature and poured onto 250 ml of 10% (volume basis) aqueous hydrochloric acid maintained at about 5° C.
• the aqueous and organic layers were separated, and each layer was filtered to remove insoluble material.
• the aqueous layer was washed thrice with 75 ml portions of dichloromethane, and the combined dichloromethane washes was combined with the nitrobenzene layer.
• the combined organic solution was first evaporated to remove the dichloromethane. Then nitrobenzene was distilled off azeotropically using water.
• the crude reaction product thus obtained was dissolved in dichloromethane, filtered to remove insoluble material, and then washed with 250 ml of 5% (by weight) aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution.
• the organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate for 10 hours, and decanted.
• This Example describes the preparation of 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant composition from 1-[4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)]bromobenzene.

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