Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B11/00—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances
  • B32B11/04—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B11/00—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances
  • B32B11/04—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B11/06—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B11/00—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances
  • B32B11/04—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B11/08—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
  • B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
  • B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
  • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
  • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
  • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
  • B32B2323/16—EPDM, i.e. ethylene propylene diene monomer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2331/00—Polyvinylesters
  • B32B2331/04—Polymers of vinyl acetate, e.g. PVA
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2333/00—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
  • B32B2333/04—Polymers of esters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B2231/00—Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
  • B63B2231/74—Bituminous materials or the like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B5/00—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material

Definitions

• the invention relates to composite elements which have the following layer structure:
• (iii) from 2 to 20 mm, preferably from 3 to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 5 to 10 mm, of metal, wood, or plastic, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, thermoplastic polyurethane, ASA, or PVC, preferably metal.
• metal wood, or plastic, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, thermoplastic polyurethane, ASA, or PVC, preferably metal.
• the invention further relates to processes for producing these composite elements, and their use.
• SPS elements Sandwich plate systems
• a composite made from metal and plastic usually polyisocyanate polyaddition products.
• the adhesion of the plastic to the two metal layers produces composite elements with remarkable advantages over known designs based on steel.
• U.S. Pat. No. 6,050,208, U.S. Pat. No. 5,778,813, DE-A 198 25 083, DE-A 198 25 085, DE-A 198 25 084, DE-A 198 25 087 and DE-A 198 35 727 disclose SPS elements of this type.
• bitumen is a low-volatility mixture obtained from the treatment of crude oil and comprising various organic substances, and having viscoelastic behavior which changes with temperature.
• bitumens are well known and various types of these are commercially available.
• bitumen any of the types of bitumen may be used for the application of the invention in the composite elements.
• bitumens which are known and have been described which are advantageous in respect of softening point, viscosity at usage temperature, adhesion to layers (i) and (iii), and also elastic properties.
• This selection or the possibility of matching bitumen or bitumen mixtures is a familiar matter to the skilled worker in the sector. For example it can be advantageous for composite elements exposed to particularly high thermal stress to use bitumens which have a high softening point.
• Bitumen to DIN 55 946 Part 1 with a needle penetration to DIN 52010 of from 0.1 to 80 mm is preferably used as (ii).
• oxidation bitumen Preference is also given to composite elements comprising oxidation bitumen.
• This oxidation bitumen can be produced by known processes, and is commercially available.
• the composite elements may preferably comprise, as layer (ii) between layers (i) and (iii), bitumen in a mixture with inorganic fillers and/or with plastics.
• bitumen mixture with inorganic fillers and/or with plastics.
• the advantages of appropriate additives for the properties of the bitumen mixture are well known and have been widely described. Using the known properties of the mixtures, therefore, the skilled worker can use an advantageous blend for any of a very wide variety of applications for the composite elements, for example one appropriate for the mechanical or thermal stress.
• a material which may preferably be used as (ii) is bitumen in a mixture with SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene), SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene), EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber), ethylene-butyl acrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-methyl acrylate, and/or polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers. Bitumens in mixtures with these plastics have been widely described and are generally familiar to the skilled worker.
• Plastics suitable as additives are marketed y Mariac GmbH, Germany, for example, with the trademark Lucobit®.
• the plastics in particular the polyolefins, preferably ave a number-average molar mass of from 20 000 to 1 000 000 g/mol.
• the content of plastics in the mixture with bitumen may usually be from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0 to 13% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of (ii). or the purposes of the present invention, examples of inorganic fillers are gypsum, barium sulfate, sand, cement and/or rock lour. These inorganic additives are widely described and well known as additives for bitumen.
• the particle size is usually from 1 to 75 ⁇ m, or in the case of sand usually from 0.08 to 2 mm. However, where appropriate use may also be made of larger particles, such as chippings known for this purpose with a grain size of at least 4 mm, preferably from 4 to 10 mm.
• the content of inorganic fillers in the mixture with bitumen may usually be from 0 to 90% by weight, preferably from 0 to 50% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of (ii).
• bitumen In addition to the stated additives for the bitumen, use may also be made of fibers well known for this purpose, such as glass fibers, cellulose and/or rock fiber, and/or further known additives, such as dyes, oils, waxes, or fats. Examples of descriptions of possible additives and their use with bitumen are described in DE-A 199 03 314, EP-A 1 008 630 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,133,350.
• Bitumen is usually mixed with the stated possible other constituents at from 140 to 240° C, this temperature preferably being selected as a function of the bitumen used and of the additives desired.
• the mixing may take place by well known methods, depending on the additive.
• (iii) from 2 to 20 mm, preferably from 3 to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 5 to 10 mm, of metal.
• bitumen also means mixtures comprising bitumen and other constituents well known in mixtures with bitumen, for example the additives described at the outset.
• One way of producing the composite elements of the invention is to introduce, between the layers (i) and (iii), a mixture comprising bitumen, usually softened or molten bitumen, preferably at a bitumen temperature of from 140 to 240° C.
• bitumen usually softened or molten bitumen
• An example of the production of the composite elements is a process in a closed mold, that is to say that the location of (i) and (iii) prior to filling with (ii) is in a mold which is sealed once introduction of (ii) has been completed.
• the composite element can be removed from the mold after (ii) has hardened.
• (i) and (iii) may be secured in a suitable arrangement, for example parallel to one another.
• the separation selected is usually such to give a space of thickness of from 10 to 300 mm between (i) and (iii).
• An example of a way of securing (i) and (iii) is by way of spacers. It is preferable for the edges of the intervening space to be sealed off in a way which allows the space between (i) and (iii) to be filled with (ii) but which prevents the components from escaping.
• the sealing-off process may use the usual plastics films or metal foils, and/or metal plates, and these may also serve as spacers.
• Either a vertical or a horizontal orientation of (i) and (iii) may be used for filling the space between (i) and (iii) with (ii).
• the usual equipment for conveying or pouring hot bitumen may be used for filling the space between (i) and (iii) with (ii).
• (ii) may be simply poured, or else injected under pressure. It is preferable for the filling of the space between (i) and (iii) to have been entirely completed before (ii) hardens.
• Another process for producing the composite elements consists in applying molten or softened (ii) to the surface of (i) and then securing (iii) to the molten or softened (ii).
• the mixture comprising bitumen, molten or softened may be calendered, troweled, or spread onto (i).
• the layer (iii) may then be brought into contact with (ii) and preferably secured in the desired position until (ii) has hardened.
• a uniformly thick layer (ii) is a possible and preferred objective when (ii) is applied to (i), the thickness depending on the desired dimensions of the composite element. Excess bitumen may flow out or be extruded at the margin or at prepared openings in (i) and/or (iii).
• An alternative consists in prefabricating a layer (ii) and adhesively bonding this, for example, while it is solid to (i) and (iii).
• This process in which (ii) is adhesively bonded to (i) and (iii) may be carried out using adhesives well known for these materials. Simple routine experiments may be used by the skilled worker to discover a selection of suitable adhesives.
• This treatment of those surfaces of (i) and (iii) which are in contact with (ii) once (a) has been reacted with (b) can give markedly improved adhesion of (ii) to (i) and (iii).
• the sand blasting is preferably carried out directly prior to introduction of the components for producing (ii) into the space between (i) and (iii).
• the surfaces to which (ii) is to adhere on (i) and (iii) are preferably free from inorganic and/or organic substances which reduce adhesion, for example oils or fats, or generally any substance known to be a mold-release agent.
• the layers (i) and (iii) used, usually sheets, may preferably be conventional metals, such as iron, conventional steel, any type of refined steel, aluminum, and/or copper.
• Either (i) or (iii) may have been coated, for example primed, painted, and/or coated with conventional plastics, before use to produce the composite elements of the invention. It is preferable for (i) and (iii) not to have been coated, and it is particularly preferable for these to have been cleaned, for example by conventional sand blasting, before their use.
• the composite elements of the invention are used primarily in sectors which require structural components which withstand large forces, for example as structural components in shipbuiling, e.g. in ships' hulls, such as ships' double hulls with an outer and an inner wall, or in cargo hold covers, cargo hold partitions, or cargo doors, or in civil engineering works, such as bridges, or as structural components in the construction of buildings, in particular for multistorey buildings.
• structural components in shipbuiling e.g. in ships' hulls, such as ships' double hulls with an outer and an inner wall, or in cargo hold covers, cargo hold partitions, or cargo doors, or in civil engineering works, such as bridges, or as structural components in the construction of buildings, in particular for multistorey buildings.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
• Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Citations (7)

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• 2001
  • 2001-01-18 DE DE10102091A patent/DE10102091A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2002
  • 2002-01-16 KR KR1020037009497A patent/KR100782953B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2002-01-16 JP JP2002557574A patent/JP2004525788A/ja active Pending
  • 2002-01-16 US US10/465,984 patent/US20040045492A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-01-16 AT AT02718027T patent/ATE273792T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-01-16 EP EP02718027A patent/EP1360068B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-01-16 CN CNB02803855XA patent/CN1311965C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-01-16 ES ES02718027T patent/ES2225780T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-01-16 WO PCT/EP2002/000368 patent/WO2002057074A2/de active IP Right Grant
  • 2002-01-16 DE DE50200864T patent/DE50200864D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-01-16 AU AU2002249125A patent/AU2002249125A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (7)

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