US20030166553A1 - Compositions for preventing and treating digestive organs diseases - Google Patents

Compositions for preventing and treating digestive organs diseases Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030166553A1
US20030166553A1 US10/204,555 US20455502A US2003166553A1 US 20030166553 A1 US20030166553 A1 US 20030166553A1 US 20455502 A US20455502 A US 20455502A US 2003166553 A1 US2003166553 A1 US 2003166553A1
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Prior art keywords
ingredient
leu
par
composition according
peptide
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Inventor
Hiromasa Araki
Atsufumi Kawabata
Ryotaro Kuroda
Kazuaki Kakehi
Shuichi Tanaka
Kenzo Kawai
Sachiyo Nishimura
Hiroyuki Nishikawa
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Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
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Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
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Assigned to FUSO PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment FUSO PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ARAKI, HIROMASA, KAKEHI, KAZUAKI, KAWABATA, ATSUFUMI, KAWAI, KENZO, KURODA, RYOTARO, NISHIKAWA, HIROYUKI, NISHIMURA, SACHIYO, TANAKA, SHUICHI
Publication of US20030166553A1 publication Critical patent/US20030166553A1/en
Priority to US11/322,254 priority Critical patent/US7550437B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/08—Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/06—Tripeptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
    • A61K38/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
    • A61K38/482—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
    • A61K38/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
    • A61K38/482—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
    • A61K38/4826—Trypsin (3.4.21.4) Chymotrypsin (3.4.21.1)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/12—Antidiarrhoeals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compositions for preventing and treating digestive organs diseases, especially, compositions for preventing and/or treating gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, diarrhea, enteritis and the like.
  • Peptic ulcer such as gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and the like are resulted from the disruption of a balance between aggressive factors and protective factors.
  • disruption-inducing factors include drugs (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, adrenocortical hormone agents, antibiotics, anti-cancer agents, oral hypoglycemic agents), stress, alcohols, corrosive drugs, cirrhosis, anisakid spp., eating habits and the like.
  • drugs e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, adrenocortical hormone agents, antibiotics, anti-cancer agents, oral hypoglycemic agents
  • stress e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, adrenocortical hormone agents, antibiotics, anti-cancer agents, oral hypoglycemic agents
  • stress e.g., alcohols, corrosive drugs, cirrhosis, anisakid spp., eating habits and the like.
  • antacids e.g., sodium bicarbonate and aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium oxide etc.
  • anticholinergics e.g., atropine sulfate, pirenzepine hydrochloride etc.
  • H2-receptor antagonists e.g., cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine, roxatidine etc.
  • proton pump inhibitors e.g., omepurazor, ransoprazol, ransoprazol sodium etc.
  • anti-gastrin drugs e.g., proglumide, secretin, urogastorone
  • anti-pepsin drugs sucrose sulfate ester, sucralfate etc.
  • mucosal protective drugs e.g., sucralfate, rebamipide, teprenone etc.
  • mucosal covering drugs e.g., sodium arginate, azunol preparation etc.
  • tissue repair accelerating drugs e.g., aceglutamide aluminum, aldioxa, gefalnate etc.
  • mucus production accelerating drugs e.g., proglumide, teprenone, secretin, aldioxa etc.
  • mucosal microcirculation improving drugs e.g., cetraxate hydrochloride, benexate, sulpirid etc.
  • prostaglandin synthesis accelerating drugs e.g., sofalcone
  • prostaglandin preparations e.g., ornoprostil, misoprostol, enprostil etc.
  • digestive tract function improving drugs e.g., cisapride, aclatonium napadisilate, bethanechol, domperidone, metoclopramide, trimebutine maleate
  • cisapride e.g., cisapride, aclatonium napadisilate, bethanechol, domperidone, metoclopramide, trimebutine maleate
  • protective factor enhancers have more mild actions as compared with the above aggressive factor inhibitors, their therapeutic effects were subsidiary. Therefore, patients having digestive organs disease and physicians have desired development of an aggressive factor inhibitor or a protective factor enhancer, which is neither a H2-receptor antagonist nor a proton pump inhibitor and can be safely and effectively used through other mechanism of action.
  • PAR protease-activated receptor
  • PAR belongs to a seven-transmembrane type G protein coupling receptor, and is a receptor activated by a protease (Hollenberg, M. D., Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 17, 3-6, 1996; Hollenberg, M. D., Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 20, 271-273, 1999).
  • PAR is cleaved by a protease at a specific N-terminal site of an extracellular domain, to expose a new N-terminus. It is believed that the newly exposed N-terminus becomes a chain ligand and is bound to its own activation site, whereby, activation of receptor is caused (Hollenberg, M. D., Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 17, 3-6, 1996; Hollenberg, M. D., Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 20, 271-273, 1999; Vu, T. K. et al., Cell, 64, 1057-68, 1991).
  • PAR-1, PAR-2, PAR-3, and PAR-4 are activated by thrombin (Vu, T. K. et al., Cell, 64, 1057-1063, 1991; Hollenberg, M. D., Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 17, 3-6, 1996; Ishihara, H. et al., Nature, 386, 502-6, 1997; Kahn, M. L. et al., Nature, 394, 690-4, 1998; Xu, W. F. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  • PAR-2 is activated by trypsin (Nystedt, S. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 9208-12, 1994; Molino, M. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 272, 6011-7, 1997) and tryptase (Molino, M. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 272, 6011-7, 1997; Fox, M. T. et al., FEBS Lett, 417, 267-9, 1997).
  • the receptor is activated by exogenously adding a synthetic peptide consisting of five or six amino acids synthesized on the basis of an active amino acid sequence of a cleavage site (Vu, T. K. et al., Cell, 64, 1057-68, 1991; Nystedt, S. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 9208-12, 1994; Ishihara, H. et al., Nature, 386, 502-6, 1997; Kahn, M. L. et al., Nature, 394, 690-4, 1998; Xu, W. F. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 6642-6, 1998; Dery, O. et al., Am. J. Physiol., 274, C1429-52, 1998).
  • IP3 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
  • protein kinase C system activation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and protein kinase C system are known (Hollenberg, M. D., Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 20, 271-273, 1999; Dery, O. et al., Am. J. Physiol., 274, C1429-52, 1998; Zheng, X. L. et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 285, 325-34, 1998).
  • the present invention was done in view of the aforementioned prior art, and an object of the invention is to provide safe and effective compositions for a preventing and treating digestive organs diseases, especially, compositions for preventing and/or treating gastric ulcer, duodenum ulcer, gastritis, diarrhea, enteritis and the like.
  • Another object is to provide compositions described above having a novel mechanism of action in order to solve the problem which was difficult to be solved by the side effect previously known mechanisms of action.
  • the present inventors studied in order to develop a preferred drug in a composition for treating and/or preventing digestive organs disease, especially gastric ulcer, duodenum ulcer, gastritis, diarrhea, enteritis and the like, and intensively researched for finding out new mechanisms of action. Consequently, we first found out that an ingredient which activates PAR-2 (agonist) has an action on digestive system, that is, the ingredient inhibits gastric acid, promotes digestive tract mucus secretion, and has mucosal protective action, which resulted in completion of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides:
  • composition for inhibiting gastric acid secretion comprising an ingredient which activates PAR-2,
  • composition for promoting gastrointestinal mucus secretion comprising an ingredient which activates PAR-2,
  • composition for protecting gastrointestinal mucosa comprising an ingredient which activates PAR-2,
  • composition for preventing or treating digestive organs diseases comprising an ingredient which activates PAR-2,
  • the composition according to (4), wherein the digestive organs disease is the disease selected from gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, diarrhea, and enteritis,
  • composition according to (6), wherein the peptide comprises at least one sequence selected from the group consisting of Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 1) and trans-cinnamoyl-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-ornithine-NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2),
  • composition according to (8), wherein the protein is at least one selected from trypsin and tryptase,
  • composition according to any one of (1)-(14), which is formulated into a DDS preparation is formulated into a DDS preparation.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing the gastric acid secretion inhibiting effect of a PAR-2 agonist peptide on acceleration of carbachol-inducing gastric acid secretion in vivo. **P ⁇ 0.01 vs. V (Tukey's test).
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing the effects of PAR-2 agonists peptide on secretion of mucin from gastric mucosa cells in vivo. **P ⁇ 0.01 vs. V (Tukey's test).
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing the effect of a PAR-2 agonist peptide on the lesion of gastric mucosa by ethanol in vivo. **P ⁇ 0.0l vs. V (Tukey's test).
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing the effect of a PAR-2 agonist peptide on the lesion of gastric mucosa by hydrochloride-ethanol in vivo. **P ⁇ 0.0l vs. V (Tukey's test).
  • an “ingredient which activates PAR-2” refers to any naturally occurring or artificially synthesized substance which has the ability to activate PAR-2 and includes a peptide, a protein, other compounds and the like. More specifically, examples of the ingredient which activates PAR-2 include trypsin and tryptase which are natural PAR-2 activating proteins, the peptide Ser-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 3) (hereinafter, referred to as “SFp-NH 2 ”) which is synthesized based on the previously reported amino acid sequence of human PAR-1 (Vu, T. K.
  • the ingredient which activates PAR-2 may be obtained by screening various substances for the ability to activate PAR-2, according to any of the known methods.
  • the substance which binds to PAR-2 may be screened by directly detecting the interaction between PAR-2 and a test substance using labeling with a radioisotopic element, surface plasmon resonance or the like.
  • a substance which induces signal transmission via PAR-2 may be screened using as an index of the biological activity caused by activation of PAR-2 in the cell or tissue expressing PAR-2.
  • the substance which has the gastric acid secretion inhibiting activity, the mucus promoting activity or the mucosa protecting activity can be screened using a method for measuring an amount of gastric acid secretion, an amount of mucus secretion or the mucosa protecting activity shown in Examples.
  • An assay for activation of PAR-2 is described in, for example, Hollenberg, M. D., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 75, 832-841, 1997 and Kawabata, A., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 288, 358-370, 1999.
  • a method for screening a substance i.e.
  • the term “peptide” refers to an oligopeptide and a relatively short polypeptide.
  • the peptide contains, for example, 2-40 amino acid residues, preferably 3-20 amino acid residues, and more preferably, 5-15 amino acid residues.
  • the peptide may be naturally occurring or may be chemically synthesized.
  • the peptide may be synthesized according to the known method described in, for example, Carpino, L. A. et al., J. Org. Chem., 37,3404-3409, 1972.
  • the peptide may be produced using the recombinant DNA technology.
  • the peptide may contain modified or non-natural amino acid residues.
  • the term “protein” refers to a longer polypeptide as compared with the peptide.
  • the protein may be purified from a natural source, or may be produced by culturing a recombinant host cell containing a DNA encoding this protein.
  • the protein may be chemically synthesized as well as the peptide.
  • the protein may contain modified or non-natural amino acid residues.
  • a composition containing the ingredient which activates PAR-2 of the invention is useful as a composition for inhibiting the gastric acid secretion, a composition for promoting the digestive mocus secretion, a composition for repairing a gastrointestinal tissue and a composition for protecting a gastrointestinal mucosa, is useful as a composition for preventing and treating digestive organs disease, and especially useful for preventing and/or treating gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, diarrhea, enteritis and the like.
  • the composition of the invention may be used as it is or by various treatments such as on dilution with water and the like, and may be used by incorporating into a pharmaceutical, a quasi drug and the like.
  • an amount of the ingredient which activates PAR-2 to be incorporated is suitably selected depending on a product, the amount in the case of a systemic preparation usually may be 0.001-50% by weight, especially, 0.01-10% by weight.
  • the sufficient activity in the prevention or treatment may not be shown when the amount is less than 0.001%, and the properties such as stability, flavoring and the like may be deteriorated when the amount exceeds 50%.
  • the ingredient which activates PAR-2 contained in the composition of the invention may be contained in a preparation as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt include salts with a base such as an inorganic base, an organic base and the like, and an acid addition salt such as an inorganic acid, an organic acid, a basic or acidic amino acid and the like.
  • the inorganic base contain an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium and the like, an alkaline-earth metal such as calcium, magnesium and the like, aluminum, ammonium, and the like.
  • the organic base contains, for example, a primary amine such as ethanolamine and the like, a secondary amine such as diethylamine, diethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N′-dibenzylethylene-diamine and the like, a tertiary amine such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, triethanolamine, and the like.
  • a primary amine such as ethanolamine and the like
  • a secondary amine such as diethylamine, diethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N′-dibenzylethylene-diamine and the like
  • a tertiary amine such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, triethanolamine, and the like.
  • the inorganic acid include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
  • Examples of the organic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
  • Examples of the basic amino acid include arginine, lysine, ornithine and the like.
  • Examples of the acidic amino acid include aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the like.
  • a peptide or a protein is used as the ingredient which activates PAR-2, since the peptide or the protein is degraded by peptidase present in the living body, the durability of the activity of activating PAR-2 can be enhanced by combination by using together with or incorporating therein a drug such as amastatin which is a peptidase inhibitor.
  • a drug such as amastatin which is a peptidase inhibitor.
  • those skilled in the art can suitably identify the substance for inactivating or degrading the ingredient, select an inhibitory substance which inhibits a substance for inactivating or degrading the ingredient, and use or incorporate therein the substance.
  • composition of the present invention in addition to oral and intravenous administration, transmucosal, transcutaneous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrarectal administration or the like can be suitably selected, and the composition can be used as various preparations depending on the method of administration.
  • compositions will be described below.
  • the preparation types used in the invention are not limited to them, but the composition may be used as various preparations usually used in the field of pharmaceutical preparation.
  • a dose of oral administration of the ingredient which activates PAR-2 is preferably in a range of 3-300 mg/kg, more preferably 10-100 mg/kg.
  • a dose When administered systemically, in particular, by intravenous administration, a dose varies depending upon age, sex, body type and the like, the preparation should be administered so that an effective blood concentration is preferably in a range of 2-200 ⁇ g/mL, more preferably 5-100 ⁇ g/mL.
  • a dosage form in the case of oral administration there are powders, granules, capsules, pills, tablets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, syrups and the like, and these dosage forms may be selected suitably.
  • these preparations may be subjected to modification such as sustained-release, stabilization, easy disintegration, poor disintegration, enteric coating, easy absorption and the like.
  • a dosage form in the case of local administration in oral cavity there are chewable preparations, sublingual preparations, buccal preparations, troches, ointments, patchs, solutions and the like, and these preparations may be selected suitably.
  • These preparations may be also subjected to modification such as sustained-release, stabilization, easy disintegration, poor disintegration, enteric coating, easy absorption and the like.
  • the technology of the known drug delivery system may be adapted.
  • the “DDS preparation” refers to a preparation made in an optimal form of preparation, such as a sustained-release preparation, a preparation for local application (troches, buccal preparations, sublingual preparations etc.), a controlled release preparation, an enteric coated preparation, a non enteric coated preparation and the like after taking into consideration a route of administration, bioavailability, side effects and the like.
  • the constituent elements of DDS consist fundamentally of a drug, a drug-release module, a coating and a therapeutic program and, for each of constituent elements, especially, a drug with short half-life which reduces the blood concentration rapidly when release is stopped is preferable, a coating which does not react with the organism tissue at an administration site is preferable, and further a therapeutic program which maintains the optimal drug concentration during a set period is preferable.
  • the drug-release module has fundamentally a drug reservoir, a release controlling part, an energy source, and a releasing pore or surface. All of these fundamental constituent elements are not necessary to exists together, and an optimal preparation may be selected by suitably adding or deleting some elements.
  • polymers there are polymers, cyclodextrin derivatives, lecithin and the like as a material which may be used in DDS.
  • the polymers include insoluble polymers (silicone, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate etc.), water-soluble polymers and hydroxyl gel forming polymers (polyacrylamide, cross-linked polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate substance, cross-linked polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, a water-soluble cellulose derivative, a cross-linked poloxamer, chitin, chitosan etc.), slowly-soluble polymers (ethyl cellulose, a partial ester of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer etc.), non-enteric coating polymers (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carmellose, macrogol, polyvinyl pyrrol
  • silicone ethylene-vinyl acetate coplymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, a partial ester of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride
  • cellulose acetate may be used as a material for an osmotic pressure pump
  • ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and methyl cellulose may be used as a membrane material for a controlled release preparation
  • cross-linked polyacrylate may be used as an adhesive agent for oral or ophthalmic mucosa.
  • preparations may be produced by adding an additive, such as a solvent, a vehicle, a coating agent, a base, a binder, a lubricant, a disintegrant, a solution adjuvant, a suspending agent, a viscosity-increasing agent, an emulsifying agent, a stabilizer, a buffer, a tonicity agent, a soothing agent, a preservative, a flavoring agent, an aroma, a colorant and the like, depending on their dosage forms (the known preparation such as oral preparations, injections, suppositories etc.)
  • an additive such as a solvent, a vehicle, a coating agent, a base, a binder, a lubricant, a disintegrant, a solution adjuvant, a suspending agent, a viscosity-increasing agent, an emulsifying agent, a stabilizer, a buffer, a tonicity agent, a soothing agent, a preserv
  • Solvents purified water, water for injection, physiological saline, peanut oil, ethanol, and glycerin;
  • Vehicles starch, lactose, glucose, sucrose, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, talc, titanium oxide, trehalose, and xylitol;
  • Coating agents sucrose, gelatin, cellulose acetate phthalate, and the aforementioned polymers
  • Bases vaseline, vegetable oil, macrogol, oil in water type emulsion base, water in oil type emulsion base,
  • Binders starch and derivatives thereof, cellulose and derivatives thereof, naturally-occurring high molecular compounds such as gelatin, sodium alginate, tragacanth, acacia and the like, synthetic high molecular compounds such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, dextrin, and hydroxypropyl starch;
  • Lubricants stearic acid and salts thereof, talc, wax, wheat starch, macrogol, hydrogenated vegetable oil, sucrose fatty acid ester, and polyethylene glycol;
  • Disintegrants starch and derivatives thereof, gelatin, gelatin powder, sodium bicarbonate, cellulose and derivatives thereof, calcium carmellose, hydroxypropyl starch, carboxymethyl cellulose and salts and cross-linked materials thereof, and low-substituted types of hydroxypropyl cellulose;
  • Solution adjuvants cyclodextrin, ethanol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol;
  • Suspending agents acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, aluminium monostearate, citric acid, and various surfactants;
  • Viscosity-increasing agents sodium carmellose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, tragacanth, acacia, and sodium alginate;
  • Emulsifying agents acacia, cholesterol, tragacanth, methylcellulose, various surfactants, lecithin,
  • Stabilizers sodium hydrogensulfite, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, chelating agent, inert gas, and reducing substance;
  • Buffers sodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium acetate, and boric acid
  • Tonicity agents sodium chloride, and glucose
  • Soothing agents procaine hydrochloride, lidocaine, benzyl alcohol;
  • Preservatives benzoic acid and salts thereof, para-oxybenzoic acid esters, chlorobutanol, invert soap, benzyl alcohol, phenol, and thimerosal;
  • Flavoring agents sucrose, saccharin, glycyrrhiza extract, sorbitol, xylitol, and glycerin;
  • Aromas orange peel tincture and rose oil
  • Colorants water-soluble food pigment, and lake pigment.
  • effects such as the durability the effective blood concentration of a drug and improvement in bioavailability can be expected by formulating a pharmaceutical into a DDS preparation such as sustained release preparation, enteric-coated preparation, controlled-release preparation or the like.
  • a pharmaceutical such as sustained release preparation, enteric-coated preparation, controlled-release preparation or the like.
  • an ingredient which activates PAR-2 is inactivated or degraded in a living body, consequently, the desired effect may be decreased or eliminated.
  • the ingredient which activates PAR-2 is a peptide
  • many of such the peptides will be degraded by aminopeptidase in the living body (Godin, D. et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol., 253, 225-30, 1994).
  • the effect of the ingredient may be further sustained by using an inhibitory substance which inhibits an activity of substance for inactivating or degrading the ingredient which activates PAR-2 (e.g., an inhibitory substance for inhibiting aminopeptidase) together with the composition of the invention.
  • an inhibitory substance which inhibits an activity of substance for inactivating or degrading the ingredient which activates PAR-2 e.g., an inhibitory substance for inhibiting aminopeptidase
  • amastatin As an aminopeptidase inhibitor, amastatin, arphamenine A, arphamenine B, bestatin and the like are known. These compounds may be incorporated into a preparation, or may be separately administered. When the aforementioned ingredient is not a peptide, those skilled in the art can suitably identify the substance for inactivating or degrading the ingredient, select an inhibitory substance which inhibits an activity of substance for inactivating or degrading the ingredient, and use or incorporate therein the substance.
  • ingredients used for usual compositions as additives other than the aforementioned additives may be used, and amounts of these ingredients to be added may be usual amounts in such a range that does not interfere with the effect of the present invention.
  • composition of the present invention may be also used together with other ingredients in the treatment for disinfecting Helicobacter Pylori.
  • other ingredients for example, in addition to 40 mg (b.i.d.) of omepurazor and 1,500 mg (t.i.d.) of amoxycillin, 300 mg (t.i.d.) of the composition of the present invention may be used together.
  • the present composition is also useful for treating intractable digestive tract disorder, such as chronic peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis observed in many young men or women, Crohn's disease and the like.
  • the aforementioned amino acids were arranged in an order from a C-terminus, and synthesis was performed using peptide synthesizer PIONEER (PE BIOSYSTEMS). After the synthesized peptide-resin was treated with a mixed solution of TFA-H 2 O-phenol-triisopropylsilane (8.8:0.5:0.5:0.2) for 3 hours, the resin was filtered, and then the filtrate was recrystallized from ether to give a crude peptide. The crude peptide was then purified by subjecting to HPLC (A: 0.02% TFA containing H 2 O, B: 0.02%TFA containing 50% CH 3 CN). The resulting fraction was lyophilized to give Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-NH 2 .
  • HPLC A: 0.02% TFA containing H 2 O, B: 0.02%TFA containing 50% CH 3 CN.
  • LSp-NH 2 becomes an inactive substance by substituting Ser of SLp-NH 2 with Leu (Hollenberg, M. D., Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 17, 3-6, 1996, Nystedt, S. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 9208-12, 1994).
  • the aforementioned amino acids were arranged in an order from a C-terminus, and synthesis was performed using a peptide synthesizer PIONEER (PE BIOSYSTEMS). According to the procedure described above, a crude peptide was obtained through the synthesized peptide-resin, and purified by subjecting to HPLC. The resulting fraction was lyophilized to give Leu-Ser-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-NH 2 .
  • trans-cinnamoyl-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-ornithine-NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2, tcLp-NH 2 ) also used in the Examples which is an agonist peptide was supplied from Professor Hollenberg M. D. in Medical Department of Calgary University.
  • a crude peptide is obtained through the synthesized peptide-resin and purified by subjecting to HPLC.
  • the resulting fraction can be lyophilized to give Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-OH.
  • a rat was anesthetized with ether after 18-24 hours of fasting, and an abdomen was incised by about 1 cm below a lower end of xiphoid sternum. Duodenum was pinched out of the opened abdominal hole, a part joining pylorus and duodenum was ligated, and the incised abdomen was sutured. After 30 minutes, the rat was exsanguinated to kill, the stomach was isolated, and gastric juice was collected. After the collected gastric juice was filtered, the acidity in the gastric juice was measured by a titration method.
  • Carbachol 60 ⁇ g/kg was administered subcutaneously immediately after pylorus ligation, and amastatin (2.5 ⁇ mol/kg) was administered intravenously at 1 min after carbachol administration, and SLp-NH 2 or LSp-NH 2 was administered intravenously at 1 min after amastatin administration, and then the effect on the gastric acid secretion accelerated by administration of carbachol was investigated.
  • FIG. 1 The results are shown in FIG. 1.
  • a vertical axis shows an amount of secreted gastric acid ( ⁇ mol/30 min), and a horizontal axis shows an administered drug and an amount thereof (V indicates administration of a vehicle).
  • SLp-NH 2 which is a PAR-2 agonist peptide inhibited dose-dependently the gastric acid secretion accelerated by administration of carbachol at a dose of 1.25 to 5 ⁇ mol/kg.
  • LSp-NH 2 which is a control peptide for SLp-NH 2 did not affect the gastric acid secretion accelerated by carbachol at a dose of 5 ⁇ mol/kg.
  • the gastric pylorus was ligated by the same procedure as described above.
  • Amastatin 2.5 ⁇ mol/kg was administered intravenously immediately after the ligation, and SLp-NH 2 , LSp-NH 2 or tcLP-NH 2 was administered intravenously at 1 minute after administration of amastatin.
  • 30 minutes after ligation the rats was exsanguinated to kill, the stomach was isolated, and the gastric juice was collected. The collected sample of gastric juice was centrifuged at 10000 ⁇ g for 30 min, and the supernatant was subjected to ultrafiltration with Millipore MC FREE (MW10000), followed by lyophilization.
  • FIG. 2 The results are shown in FIG. 2.
  • a vertical axis shows an amount of secreted mucin (ng galactose), and a horizontal axis shows an administered drug and a dose thereof (V indicates the administration of a vehicle).
  • SLp-NH 2 accelerated dose-dependently the mucin secretion from rat gastric mucosal cells at a dose of 0.02 to 5 ⁇ mol/kg.
  • the tcLp-NH 2 an agonist peptide which is more specific for PAR-2 than SLp-NH 2 , also accelerated the mucin secretion like SLp-NH 2 .
  • LSp-NH 2 which is a control peptide for SLp-NH 2 did not affect mucin secretion.
  • the isolated stomach was incised along with greater curvature, washed and fixed with 10% formaldehyde, and an area of gastric mucosa lesion was measured using Image analyzing software, Mac acpect (Mitani corporation, Chiba prefecture).
  • SLp-NH 2 was administered intravenously at 5 minutes before administration of 75% ethanol or 60% ethanol containing 150 mM hydrochloric acid.
  • Amastatin (2.5 ⁇ mol/kg) was administered at 1 minute before administration of SLp-NH 2 .
  • FIG. 3 The results of administration of 75% ethanol are shown in FIG. 3, and the results of administration of 60% ethanol containing 150 mM hydrochloric acid are shown in FIG. 4.
  • a vertical axis shows the area (cm 2 ) of gastric mucosa lesion
  • a horizontal axis shows an administered drug and a dose thereof (V indicates administration of a vehicle).
  • SLp-NH 2 showed the protective effect on the gastric mucosa lesion by ethanol at a dose of 0.25 and 0.5 ⁇ mol/kg.
  • the protective effect was shown also on the lesion in gastric mucosa by hydrochloric acid-ethanol as well as the lesion in gastric mucosa by ethanol.
  • a tablet was prepared by the conventional method according to the following formulation. Microcrystalline cellulose 18 mg SLp-NH 2 15 mg Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 12 mg Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 10 mg Magnesium stearate 1 mg Lactose q.s. Total 100 mg
  • a tablet was prepared by the conventional method according to the following formulation.
  • a capsule was prepared by the conventional method according to the following formulation. SLp-NH 2 15 mg Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 15 mg Closs-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 5 mg Magnesium stearate 2 mg Lactose 63 mg Total 100 mg
  • a capsule was prepared by the conventional method according to the following formulation. SLp-NH 2 15 mg Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 15 mg Amastatin 5 mg Closs-linked sodium carboxymethy lcellulose 5 mg Magnesium stearate 2 mg Lactose 63 mg Total 100 mg
  • An injection was prepared by the conventional method according to the following formulation. Glucose 10 mg SLp-NH 2 1 mg Amastatin 1 mg Water for injection q.s. Total 200 ml
  • the preparations obtained in these Examples 5-9 may be used as a composition for inhibiting secretion of gastric acid, a composition for promoting secretion of digestive tract mucus, compositions for protecting digestive tract mucosa, and a composition for preventing or treating digestive organs diseases.
  • composition of the invention is an excellent preventive or therapeutic drug having the gastric acid secretion inhibiting activity, the mucus secretion promoting activity, the mucosa protecting activity, the gastrointestinal tissue repairing activity and the like.
  • digestive organs diseases can be effectively prevented and/or treated by using peptides Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-NH 2 , trans-cinnamoyl-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-ornithine-NH 2 and the like, which are an ingredient which activates PAR-2.
  • the durability of the activity of the aforementioned peptides can be enhanced by using together with or incorporating a drug such as peptidase inhibitor amastatin and the like, since the aforementioned peptides are degraded by peptidase present in the living body.
  • SEQ ID NO: 1 Designed peptide having PAR-2 agonist activity. The C-terminal amino acid residue is amidated.
  • SEQ ID NO: 2 Designed peptide having PAR-2 agonist activity.
  • Xaa at 1 is trans-cinnamoyl-Leu.
  • Xaa at 6 is Orn. The C-terminal amino acid residue is amidated.
  • SEQ ID NO: 3 Designed peptide having PAR-1 and PAR-2 agonist activity. The C-terminal amino acid residue is amidated.
  • SEQ ID NO: 4 Designed peptide having PAR-2 agonist activity. The C-terminal amino acid residue is hydroxylated.
  • SEQ ID NO: 5 Designed control peptide. The C-terminal amino acid residue is amidated.
  • the C-terminal amino acid residue is hydroxylated. 4 Ser Leu Ile Gly Arg Leu 1 5 5 6 PRT Artificial Designed control peptide. The C-terminal amino acid residue is amidated. 5 Leu Ser Ile Gly Arg Leu 1 5

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WO2005032554A1 (en) 2003-10-03 2005-04-14 Astron Research Pvt. Ltd A novel transmucosal delivery system
US20060063930A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-03-23 Agoston Gregory E Compositions and methods comprising proteinase activated receptor antagonists
US20090131330A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2009-05-21 Kowa Co., Ltd. Par-2 agonist
US7867975B2 (en) 1995-10-23 2011-01-11 The Children's Medical Center Corporation Therapeutic antiangiogenic endostatin compositions

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GB0213286D0 (en) 2002-06-10 2002-07-24 Univ Edinburgh Par-2-Activating peptide derivative and pharmaceutical composition using the same
JP4653516B2 (ja) * 2004-02-27 2011-03-16 扶桑薬品工業株式会社 涙液分泌促進ペプチドおよびその組成物
WO2006035937A1 (ja) 2004-09-30 2006-04-06 Kowa Company, Ltd. （１，３－ジ置換インドリル）尿素誘導体の製造方法及びその製造中間体並びにその製造方法
EP1864994B1 (de) 2005-03-29 2011-10-26 Kowa Company, Ltd. Par-2-agonist
GB2450747A (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-07 Univ Sheffield Treatment of sensorineural hearing loss

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US5541116A (en) * 1991-09-30 1996-07-30 B.R.A.H.M.S. Diagnostica Gmbh Method for the stabilization of endogenous, physiologically active peptides
US5619665A (en) * 1995-04-13 1997-04-08 Intrnational Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for the transparent emulation of an existing instruction-set architecture by an arbitrary underlying instruction-set architecture
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JPH11171791A (ja) * 1997-10-07 1999-06-29 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd 蛋白質分解酵素を含むヘリコバクター属細菌の除菌剤及び／又は殺菌剤、並びに該細菌に起因する疾患の治療剤及び／又は発症抑制剤

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US4766569A (en) * 1985-03-04 1988-08-23 Lattice Semiconductor Corporation Programmable logic array
US5541116A (en) * 1991-09-30 1996-07-30 B.R.A.H.M.S. Diagnostica Gmbh Method for the stabilization of endogenous, physiologically active peptides
US5517627A (en) * 1992-09-18 1996-05-14 3Com Corporation Read and write data aligner and method
US5619665A (en) * 1995-04-13 1997-04-08 Intrnational Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for the transparent emulation of an existing instruction-set architecture by an arbitrary underlying instruction-set architecture
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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7867975B2 (en) 1995-10-23 2011-01-11 The Children's Medical Center Corporation Therapeutic antiangiogenic endostatin compositions
WO2005032554A1 (en) 2003-10-03 2005-04-14 Astron Research Pvt. Ltd A novel transmucosal delivery system
US20060063930A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-03-23 Agoston Gregory E Compositions and methods comprising proteinase activated receptor antagonists
US20090131330A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2009-05-21 Kowa Co., Ltd. Par-2 agonist
US7910556B2 (en) 2004-12-28 2011-03-22 Kowa Company, Ltd. PAR-2 agonist

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