US20030098530A1 - Production method for ceramic structure and production method for ceramic honeycom structure - Google Patents

Production method for ceramic structure and production method for ceramic honeycom structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030098530A1
US20030098530A1 US10/267,049 US26704902A US2003098530A1 US 20030098530 A1 US20030098530 A1 US 20030098530A1 US 26704902 A US26704902 A US 26704902A US 2003098530 A1 US2003098530 A1 US 2003098530A1
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ceramic
water
production method
added
lubricant
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Kazuhiro Inoguchi
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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Publication of US20030098530A1 publication Critical patent/US20030098530A1/en
Priority to US12/654,495 priority Critical patent/US8747729B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0006—Honeycomb structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/11—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels comprising two or more partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. honeycomb-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/362—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using static mixing devices
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
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    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/02—Natural products
    • C10M159/08—Fatty oils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/268—Throttling of the flow, e.g. for cooperating with plasticising elements or for degassing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B29C48/765—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
    • B29C48/766—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
    • B29C48/767—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders through a degassing opening of a barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2709/02—Ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/60—Multitubular or multicompartmented articles, e.g. honeycomb
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/60—Multitubular or multicompartmented articles, e.g. honeycomb
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to a production method for a ceramic structure or a ceramic honeycomb structure.
  • the method includes extrusion a ceramic material by use of a dedicated die.
  • the invention particularly relates to an improvement of a extrusion rate during extrusion.
  • a honeycomb structure assembled into an exhaust gas purification apparatus of an automobile is one of the structures produced from ceramics such as cordierite (refer, for example, to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 8-11528).
  • This honeycomb structure includes a cylindrical outer cladding, partitions arranged in grid form inside the outer cladding and a large number of cells separated by partitions and penetrating in an axial direction.
  • a ceramic material containing ceramic powder, water, a binder and a lubricant is mixed and kneaded, extruded, and then dried and sintered.
  • the extrusion rate can be improved to a certain extent when a bigger extruder is used to increase the pressure. In this case, however, the temperature of the resulting molding rises and the shape of the extrusion cannot be retained. Therefore, a cooler for cooling the extruder must be added or the capacity of the cooler must be increased. As a result, the setup cost increases.
  • the invention aims at providing a production method for a ceramic structure capable of increasing the extrusion rate coefficient described above in the extrusion of ceramic structures.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a production method for a ceramic structure comprising the steps of mixing and kneading a ceramic material containing at least a ceramic powder and water, extruding the mixture so kneaded, and drying and sintering a extrudate, wherein a water-insoluble liquid lubricant (hereinafter merely called a “lubricant” in some cases) consisting of acyl glycerin as its main component and/or its derivative is added to the ceramic batch material.
  • a water-insoluble liquid lubricant hereinafter merely called a “lubricant” in some cases
  • a water-insoluble liquid lubricant consisting of acyl glycerin, and/or a derivative, as a main component is added to the ceramic batch material.
  • a water-soluble lubricant has been used in the past for the ceramic batch material that is kneaded to a clay form by use of water, and the invention employs an entirely novel ceramic batch material.
  • the invention can make the resistance in extrusion of the ceramic batch material smaller and the extrusion rate coefficient greater than when the water-soluble lubricant is added as in the prior art technologies.
  • the reason is assumed as follows.
  • the water-insoluble liquid lubricant that is incompatible with water but is uniformly dispersed in the ceramic batch material kneaded into the clay form, leaches to the clay surface when a pressure is applied during extrusion, wets the friction surfaces of a cylinder and barrel of an extruder and the die, and reduces the coefficient of friction.
  • This phenomenon is analogous to squeezing of a material of vegetable oil such as soybean oil and rapeseed oil.
  • water-soluble lubricants according to the prior art have high affinity with water and are bonded to the ceramic power material together with water. Therefore, even when the pressure is applied during extrusion, the lubricants do not leach to the clay surface. Therefore, only the limited amount of the water-soluble lubricants existing on the clay surface can contribute to lubrication performance. Even when a high pressure is locally applied, these lubricants cannot be concentrated on that portion, and cannot reduce the coefficient of friction, either.
  • the lubricant consisting of acyl glycerin and/or its derivative among the water-insoluble liquid lubricants can secure a relatively large gap between the ceramic raw material and the friction surface of the die, though the reason has not entirely been clarified. It is assumed that the greater the adsorption force of the lubricant to the die, the smaller becomes the coefficient of friction.
  • the invention can make the extrusion rate coefficient, described above, in extrusion of the ceramic Structure greater than in the prior art technologies. Therefore, the invention can suppress a drop in the rate when a ceramic structure having a shape that involves a large die resistance during extrusion is extruded. In consequence, the invention can improve productivity while keeping the quality of the ceramic structure and its shape retainability.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a production method of a ceramic honeycomb structure having partitions arranged in a honeycomb shape, comprising the steps of mixing and kneading a ceramic batch material containing at least ceramic powder, water, a binder, extruding the mixture so kneaded, and drying and sintering a extrudate, wherein a water-insoluble liquid lubricant that is a water-insoluble liquid at a temperature of extrusion is added to the ceramic batch material.
  • the water-insoluble liquid lubricant that is a water-insoluble liquid at a temperature of extrusion is added to the ceramic batch material.
  • This is extremely revolutionary in the production of the ceramic honeycomb structure because the water-soluble lubricant has been employed in the past.
  • the invention uses a ceramic batch material having an entirely novel construction. In comparison with the case where the water-soluble lubricant is added as in the prior art technologies, the resistance when extruding the ceramic honeycomb structure by extruding the ceramic batch material can be reduced, and the extrusion rate coefficient can be increased.
  • the second invention can make the extrusion rate coefficient greater in extrusion of the ceramic honeycomb structure greater than in the prior art technologies, the drop of the extrusion rate can be suppressed when a ceramic honeycomb structure, having a shape that has a large die resistance in extruding, is extruded.
  • the second invention can further suppress die cracking resulting from the increase of the pressure and extrusion defect resulting from die deflection. For these reasons, the second invention can improve productivity while keeping the quality of the ceramic honeycomb structure and its shape retainability.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a construction of an extruder in Example 1;
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a construction of a honeycomb structure in Example 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a clearance between a ceramic batch material and a friction surface of a die when using polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene monobutylether (PPBE) as an example of existing lubricants;
  • PPBE polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene monobutylether
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a clearance between the ceramic batch material and the friction surface of a die when rapeseed oil (Canola oil) (triacyl glycerin) is used in Example 1;
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a relation between a extrusion pressure and a extrusion rate in Example 2;
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a relation between an addition amount of rapeseed oil and a extrusion rate ratio in Example 3;
  • FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a relation between a extrusion pressure and a extrusion rate in Example 4.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a relation between the number of revolutions of a motor and a extrusion rate in Example 5;
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a relation between the number of revolutions of a motor and a motor current in Example 5;
  • FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a relation between a liquid ratio in a ceramic batch material and hardness in Example 6;
  • FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a relation between a water-insoluble liquid lubricant and a kinematic viscosity (cSt) in Example 6;
  • FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing experimental points of a lubricant content and a water content (moisture ratio) with respect to a matrix in Example 7;
  • FIG. 13 is an explanatory view showing an optimum range of lubricant content and water content (moisture ratio) in a matrix in Example 7.
  • the first invention described above can use a water-insoluble liquid lubricant consisting of acyl glycerin, and/or a derivative, as a main component.
  • liquid lubricant herein used excludes those grease-like liquid lubricants that have an extremely high viscosity at normal temperature.
  • the water-insoluble liquid lubricant consisting of acyl glycerin, and/or a derivative, as the main component preferably has a viscosity of 15 to 45 cp at 50° C. In this case, handling of the water-insoluble liquid lubricant becomes easier when an automatic line is set up. When the viscosity is less than 15 cp, the viscosity is so low that a sufficient effect cannot be acquired in extrusion at a high pressure. When the viscosity exceeds 45 cp, on the other hand, the viscosity is so high that an extrusion rate cannot be improved.
  • rotary viscometers known generally such as a B type, a C type, a BH type, an E type, and so forth, can be employed for the measurement.
  • Acyl glycerin is called “acyl glycerol” according to the IUPAC nomenclature, and includes monoacyl glycerin, diacyl glycerin and triacyl glycerin. Triacyl glycerin among them is a main component of natural fat. It is expressed by a chemical formula in which three aliphatic acids are bonded with one glycerin:
  • each of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is an alkyl group of an aliphatic acid).
  • the aliphatic acids R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the chemical formula given above include various kinds.
  • Examples of the water-insoluble liquid lubricant consisting of triacyl glycerin, and/or a derivative, as its main component are various vegetable oil such as rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, cotton seed oil, and so forth.
  • methyl cellulose on the basis of 100 wt % of ceramic powder is added to the ceramic batch material.
  • Methyl cellulose increases plasticity, improves shape retainability when extrusion is conducted, and improves dry strength of a dried ceramic structure.
  • the addition amount of methyl cellulose is les than 2.0 wt % (to be added), an improvement effect of plasticity and bonding power during drying due to its addition cannot be expected.
  • the addition amount of methyl cellulose exceeds 8.0 wt % (to be added), on the other hand, a problem occurs that volume shrinkage becomes excessively great after sintering.
  • the amount of ceramic powder is 100 wt % as the unit of the addition amount
  • the amount of the component to be added to ceramic powder is expressed as wt % (to be added) and when the overall ceramic bath is expressed as 100 wt %, the component contained in the batch material is expressed by wt % (to be contained).
  • the water-insoluble liquid lubricant consists of triacyl glycerin as the main component.
  • the addition amount of the water-insoluble liquid lubricant is preferably at least 0.5 wt % (to be added) on the basis of 100 wt % of ceramic powder.
  • the effect of improving the extrusion rate coefficient brought forth by the addition of the water-insoluble liquid lubricant is small if the addition amount of the water-insoluble liquid lubricant is less than 0.5 wt % (to be added)
  • the addition amount is preferably limited from the aspects of saturation of the addition effect and the increase of the cost.
  • the main component of the aliphatic acid constituting triacyl glycerin described above is preferably an aliphatic acid having 18 carbon atoms.
  • Concrete examples are stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid, elaidic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, vaccenic acid and other aliphatic acids- Triacyl glycerin constituted by these C18 aliphatic acids is liquid at normal temperature, has a suitable viscosity and is most suitable as the water-insoluble liquid lubricant.
  • a saponification value of triacyl glycerin is preferably not greater than 200. In this case, the effect of improving the extrusion rate coefficient can be sufficiently acquired.
  • the water-insoluble liquid lubricant that is a water-insoluble liquid at the temperature of extrusion is added to the ceramic batch material.
  • a binder such as methyl cellulose is generally added to the batch material to impart plasticity and to obtain dry strength.
  • the temperature of the material is controlled to about 10 to about 30° C. with a center temperature at about 20° C.
  • the water-insoluble liquid lubricant suitable for this purpose preferably has a kinematic viscosity of 30 cSt to 120 cSt at 20° C.
  • the kinematic viscosity described above may belong to the following four viscosity grades stipulated in ISO viscosity classification for industrial lubricant oil (ISO 3448-1975 and JIS K2001 “Viscosity Classification of Industrial Lubricant Oil” applied correspondingly to the former), that is, ISO VG22, ISO VG32, ISO VG46 and ISO VG68.
  • the sum of water and the water-insoluble liquid lubricant contained in the ceramic batch material is preferably 18.0 to 24.5 wt % (to be contained) on the basis of 100 wt % of the total ceramic batch material.
  • the viscosity of the material becomes so high that the extrusion pressure exceeds the die strength, or the ceramic batch material becomes powdery and dusty with the result that plasticization cannot be attained (the material does not become clay-like) and extruding becomes substantially impossible.
  • the sum of water and the water-insoluble liquid lubricant is preferably 20.0 to 22.5 wt % (to be contained) on the basis of 100 wt % of the overall ceramic batch material as will be later described.
  • Shape retainability is of importance in a thin ceramic honeycomb structure, and to retain the shape, the sum of the contents is more preferably not greater than 22.5 wt % (to be contained) Since the extrusion pressure becomes greater in the thin ceramic honeycomb structure, the sum of the content is more preferably at least 20.0 wt % (to be contained) to obtain an excellent extrusion condition.
  • the binder described above is methyl cellulose, and the content of the binder is preferably 2.0 to 8.0 wt % (to be added) when the content of ceramic powder is 100 wt %.
  • the reason for limitation of the methyl cellulose content in this case is the same as that of the first invention.
  • the ceramic honeycomb structure described above has partitions arranged in the honeycomb shape. Therefore, it has large resistance particularly when passing through the die, and the extrusion rate coefficient is likely to become small. In this sense, the application of the invention is extremely effective.
  • the thickness of the partitions is preferably not greater than 150 ⁇ m. In this case, because the resistance becomes great when the ceramic honeycomb structure passes through the die, and the application of the invention is further effective.
  • the honeycomb structure is preferably extrusion-molded by use of a die having slits for forming the partitions described above, and a width of the slit is preferably not greater than 150 ⁇ m.
  • a width of the slit is preferably not greater than 150 ⁇ m.
  • the water-insoluble liquid lubricant is triacyl glycerin and when the amount of ceramic powder is 100 wt %, the addition amount of the water insoluble liquid lubricant is preferably 1.0 to 8.0 wt % (to be added).
  • the addition amount of the water-insoluble liquid lubricant exceeds 8.0 wt % (to be added) in the case of a ceramic honeycomb structure having a complicated shape, large amounts of oil are burnt and scattered during a degreasing process at the time of sintering, and sintering cracks are likely to occur.
  • the amount is less than 1.0 wt % (to be added), the remarkable effect of improving the extrusion rate cannot be obtained in comparison with the existing level. Therefore, the addition amount of the water-insoluble liquid lubricant is preferably 1.0 to 8.0 wt % (to be added).
  • the main component of the aliphatic acid constituting triacyl glycerin described above is preferably an aliphatic acid having 18 carbon atoms in the same way as in the first invention.
  • the saponification value of triacyl glycerin is preferably not greater than 200 in the same way as in the first invention
  • a production method of a ceramic structure according to this example will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 .
  • a method of producing a ceramic structure 8 by the steps of mixing and kneading a ceramic batch material 88 containing at least ceramic powder and water, extruding the mixture, and drying and sintering the resulting extrudate, this example added a water-insoluble liquid lubricant consisting of acyl glycerin and/or its derivative as a main component to the ceramic batch material 88 .
  • This example produced a honeycomb structure including an outer cladding 81 , partitions 82 arranged in a grid form inside the outer cladding 81 and a large number of cells 80 separated by the partitions 82 and penetrating in an axial direction, and consisting of cordierite as the main component.
  • talc, kaolin, alumina and aluminum hydroxide powder that were components capable of changing to cordierite after sintering were used as ceramic powder that constituted the ceramic batch material 88 described above.
  • a water-insoluble liquid lubricant consisting of methyl cellulose, water and acyl glycerin and/or its derivative as the main component was added to the powder mixture to form the ceramic batch material 88 .
  • Rapeseed oil consisting of triacyl glycerin as the main component, more concretely rapeseed oil containing 97% of triacyl glycerin, 0-8% of diacyl glycerin and 0.1% of monoacyl glycerin by weight ratio, was used as the water-insoluble liquid lubricant consisting of acyl glycerin and/or its derivative as the main component.
  • symbol C represents carbon
  • symbol a in a:b as the suffix to C represents the number of carbon atoms and b represents the number of double bonds.
  • the ceramic batch material 88 was kneaded in a kneader 3 and was extruded by use of a screw type extruder 1 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a screw type extruder 1 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • Each of the extruder 1 and the kneader 3 included inside a cylindrical frame 11 , 31 a screw 15 , 35 having a screw plate 150 , 350 that was helically wound.
  • the crew 15 , 35 was driven for rotation by a motor 17 , 37 connected to its rear end.
  • a material charging hole 39 was provided to the upper part of the frame 31 of the kneader, and the ceramic batch material 88 was charged through this charging hole 39 .
  • the kneaded ceramic batch material 88 was extruded from a distal end portion 38 of the kneader 31 and was then charged into a material charging hole 19 of the extruder 1 .
  • the material charging portion to the extruder 1 was kept as a whole under vacuum by a vacuum pump 195 to suppress entrapment of the ceramic batch material into air.
  • a die 2 for shaping was arranged at the distal end of the extruder 1 .
  • the die 2 had grid-like slits 20 corresponding to the shape of the partitions 82 of the honeycomb structure 8 to be produced.
  • the ceramic batch material 88 was charged into the extruder 1 , was moved forth by the revolution of the screw 15 and was thereafter extruded from the die 2 . In this way, the honeycomb structure 8 was extruded and extruded.
  • honeycomb structure 8 so extruded was serially cut into a desired length and was passed through subsequent drying and sintering steps to give complete products.
  • rapeseed oil as the water-insoluble liquid lubricant consisting of triacyl glycerin as described above was added to the ceramic batch material 88 . Therefore, in comparison with the case where a conventional lubricant was added, the extrusion rate coefficient in extrusion could be drastically improved and presumably for the following reason.
  • the water-insoluble liquid lubricant such as triacyl glycerin was not dissolved in water but was dispersed in the ceramic batch material. Therefore, when the pressure was applied during extrusion, the lubricant leached to the clay surface, lubricated the cylinder, the barrel and the friction surface of the die and could thus decrease the coefficient of friction. The greater the pressure applied in this case, the greater became the amount of the lubricant leaching from inside the clay. Consequently, even when the pressure locally increased, a necessary amount of lubricant was concentratedly supplied to that portion, and the coefficient of friction could be efficiently lowered.
  • a water-soluble lubricant was highly hydrophilic and was strongly bonded to the ceramic material as an aqueous solution. Therefore, even when the pressure was applied during extrusion, the lubricant did not leach to the clay surface.
  • Synthetic lubricants well known in the past includes polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-monobuthylether (trade name: “Uniloob”) expressed by the following formula:
  • This synthetic lubricant became water-soluble and water-insoluble depending on a polymerization ratio of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. Since this lubricant was used in combination with water in the field of ceramics, it was generally used while the ratio of ethylene to oxide was set to 40% or more. In this case, the oxygen ion (O ⁇ ) of ethylene oxide was adsorbed to the iron ion (Fe + ) of the die 2 , for example, between the die 2 and the boundary 89 surface of the solid content of the ceramic batch material as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the water-insoluble liquid lubricant consisting of triacyl glycerin as the main component in this example could be arranged between the die 2 and the boundary surface 89 of the solid content of the ceramic batch material while the molecule of the aliphatic acid remained upright as shown in FIG. 4. Further, the acyl glycerin had a carbonyl group (COO ⁇ ) and exhibited a stronger adsorption force to the iron ion (Fe + ) than to the oxygen ion (O ⁇ ). Therefore, the water-insoluble liquid lubricant (rapeseed oil) consisting of triacyl glycerin as the main component of this example was more difficult to peel from the die 2 than the conventional water-soluble lubricant.
  • Example 1 conducted experiments by comparing the case where PPBE (C1) was used as the conventional water-soluble lubricant with the cases where water-insoluble liquid lubricants consisting of four kinds of acyl glycerin as the main components were used.
  • Rapeseed oil (E1), soybean oil (E2), safflower oil (E3) and linseed oil (E4) consisting of triacyl glycerin as the main component were used as the water-insoluble liquid lubricants consisting of acyl glycerin as the main component.
  • a batch type kneader was used as a kneader, a screw type extruder for an experimental use was used as a extruding machine, and a die having a slit width of 150 ⁇ m and 400 mesh (400 cells/in. 2 ) was used as a die.
  • Honeycomb structures having an outer diameter of ⁇ 500 mm were extruded.
  • FIG. 5 shows the measurement result.
  • the abscissa represents the extrusion pressure (MPa/cm 2 ) and the ordinate does the extrusion rate (m/min).
  • Symbols C1 and E1 to E4 respectively represent the results when the lubricants (C and E1 to E4) were used.
  • the extrusion rates at the same extrusion pressure could be much more improved when the water-insoluble liquid lubricants (E1 to E4) consisting of triacyl glycerin as the main component were used than when the conventional water-soluble lubricant (C1) was used.
  • the extrusion rate coefficient could be improved.
  • This example used rapeseed oil as a typical example of the water-insoluble liquid lubricant consisting of acyl glycerin as the main component, and a test was carried out to determine an optimum range of its addition amount.
  • test condition was as follows.
  • the addition amount of methyl cellulose was fixed at 5 wt % (to be added) on the basis of 100 wt % of ceramic powder, and the addition amount of water was fixed at 26 wt % (to be added) on the basis of 100 wt % of ceramic powder.
  • the addition amount of rapeseed oil was changed within a range of 0.5 to 10.0 wt % (to be added) on the basis of 100 wt % of ceramic powder For comparison, a case where rapeseed oil was not added at all was also tested.
  • a batch type kneader was used as a kneader for kneading the ceramic batch material, and an FM-30 vacuum extruder, a product of Miyazaki Steel Co., was used as a extruding machine.
  • An FM-30 vacuum extruder a product of Miyazaki Steel Co., was used as a extruding machine.
  • a die having a slit width of 150 m and the number of cells of 400 cells/in. 2 was used.
  • Ceramic batch materials having mutually different addition amounts of rapeseed oil were used and each extrusion rate with respect to a extrusion pressure was measured to determine the extrusion rate coefficient for each addition amount of rapeseed oil.
  • the extrusion rate coefficient when rapeseed oil was not added was set to 1, and a ratio to this value was determined as a extrusion rate ratio.
  • FIG. 6 shows the result.
  • the abscissa represents the addition amount (wt % to be added) of rapeseed oil, and the ordinate does the extrusion rate ratio.
  • the result is represented as E 5 .
  • the addition amount of rapeseed oil as the lubricant consisting of acyl glycerin as the main component was preferably less than 10.0 wt % (to be added).
  • the addition amount of rapeseed oil was preferably small.
  • the addition amount was preferably not greater than 8.0 wt % (to be added).
  • the hardness of the ceramic batch material could be regulated by the addition amount of water
  • a ceramic batch material having suitable hardness could be obtained by adjusting the addition amount of rapeseed oil and the addition amount of water.
  • the die used for extrusion in this example had a slit width of 3 mil (76.2 ⁇ m) and the number of cells of 400 cells/in. 2 , and a honeycomb structure having an outer diameter of ( ⁇ 107 mm was molded.
  • composition of the ceramic batch material was fundamentally the same as that of Example 3, and the addition amount of rapeseed oil as the lubricant was fixed at 3 wt % (to be added).
  • a large-scale screw type vacuum extruder for a production plant (not shown) was used as a kneader and a extruding machine.
  • FIG. 7 shows the test result.
  • the abscissa represents the extrusion pressure (MPa/cm 2 ) and the ordinate represents the extrusion rate (m/min).
  • Symbol E6 represents the case of the addition of rapeseed oil and C2 does the case where PPBE was added.
  • This example used linseed oil as the lubricant consisting of acyl glycerin as the main component, and actually extruded a honeycomb structure having a partition thickness of 4 mils (101.6 ⁇ m), the number of cells of 600 cells/in. 2 and an outer shape of ⁇ 120 mm. The result was compared with the case where the water-soluble lubricant (PPBE) was used in the same way as in Example 4.
  • PPBE water-soluble lubricant
  • extrusion was carried out while the number of revolutions of a motor for turning a screw shaft of a screw type extruder and a motor current were respectively measured to examine the relations between these values and the extrusion rate.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show the test result.
  • the abscissa represents the number of revolutions of the motor (rpm) and the ordinate represents the extrusion rate (m/min).
  • the abscissa represents the number of revolutions of the motor (rpm) and the ordinate represents the motor current (A).
  • Symbol E7 represents the case where linseed oil was used and C3 represents the case where PPBE was used.
  • This example used rapeseed oil, linseed oil and soybean oil as the water-insoluble liquid lubricants consisting of triacyl glycerin as the main component.
  • Each ceramic batch material for a ceramic honeycomb structure containing the lubricant in a blend ratio tabulated in Tables 1 to 3 was kneaded in a batch type kneader. The clay hardness (plasticity) was examined, and the ceramic honeycomb structures were extruded by use of a vacuum extruder in the same way as in Example 3 to evaluate extrudability and the extrusion rate.
  • clay hardness plasticity: workability index, stipulated in former JIS P2574 abandoned in 1998) is the value measured by use of a pencil-shaped spring type penetrometer ordinarily used in this field.
  • a higher numerical value represents a higher hardness and a smaller numerical value represents a lower hardness.
  • a relatively high extrudability could be obtained at a liquid ratio of 18 to 24.5 wt % (to be contained) and a hardness (plasticity coefficient) of 9 to 11 and preferably a liquid ratio of 20 to 22.5 wt % (to be contained) and a hardness of 9.6 to 10.7.
  • the inclination of the relation between the clay hardness (plasticity coefficient) and the liquid ratio became somewhat different depending on the kind of the lubricant presumably because of the difference of the viscosity of the lubricant at the measurement temperature.
  • Pa ⁇ s is used in due form as the unit of viscosity (coefficient of viscosity)
  • cP centi-poise
  • 1 Pa ⁇ s 1 ⁇ 10 3 cP.
  • the kinematic viscosity was measured by use of an Ostwald viscometer as a kind of capillary viscometer.
  • FIG. 11 shows the measurement result.
  • the abscissa represents the temperature and the ordinate represents the kinematic viscosity (cSt).
  • the kinematic viscosity at 20° C. was 43.1 cSt for the soybean oil, 86.8 cSt for rapeseed oil and 45.8 cSt for linseed oil.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. was 27.1 cSt for soybean oil, 47.6 cSt for rapeseed oil and 28.1 cSt for linseed oil.
  • the measurement result by the E type viscometer at 50° C. was 22.0 cp for soybean oil, 24.2 cp for rapeseed oil and 18.2 cp for linseed oil.
  • the liquid ratio was fixed at 21.35 wt % (to be contained) by adjusting the water content on the basis of the result of Example 6, rapeseed oil was used as the lubricant in the same way as in Example 3, and a extruding test was carried out by changing the addition amount of the lubricant within a range of 1 to 10 wt % (to be added).
  • Table 5 and FIG. 12 show the blend proportions (experimental condition) of the test product.
  • Table 4 and FIG. 12 show also the blend proportion (experimental condition) of Example 3, too.
  • the abscissa represents the addition amount of the water-insoluble liquid lubricant in terms of wt % (to be added) and the ordinate represents the water content (addition amount of water) in terms of wt % (to be contained).
  • a plurality of lines drawn slantingly in the diagram represents the total content (liquid ratio) of water and the water-insoluble liquid lubricant contained in the ceramic batch material in terms of wt % (to be contained). The lines respectively represent from below 18.0 wt % (to be contained), 20 wt % (to be contained), 22.5 wt % (to be contained) and 24.5 wt % (to be contained).
  • the range of the liquid ratio in this case was at least 20.0 to 22.5 wt % (to be contained).
  • FIG. 13 shows an optimum range of water and the lubricant for producing a ceramic honeycomb structure by combining the conditions described above with the suitable range of content of the lubricant consisting of triacyl glycerin as the main component.
  • This diagram has the same fundamental construction as that of FIG. 12, and the suitable ranges of the liquid ratio and the water-insoluble liquid lubricant are hatched.
  • TABLE 4 Condition and result of Example 3 wt % (to be contained) ratio wt % (to be added) ratio of material of material evaluation result

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DE10247030A1 (de) 2003-05-28
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CN1410385A (zh) 2003-04-16

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