US20030031682A1 - Novel group b streptococcus antigens - Google Patents

Novel group b streptococcus antigens Download PDF

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US20030031682A1
US20030031682A1 US09/252,088 US25208899A US2003031682A1 US 20030031682 A1 US20030031682 A1 US 20030031682A1 US 25208899 A US25208899 A US 25208899A US 2003031682 A1 US2003031682 A1 US 2003031682A1
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seq
polynucleotide
polypeptide
gbs
group
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Bernard R. Brodeur
Clement Rioux
Martine Boyer
Isabelle Charlebois
Josee Hamel
Denis Martin
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Biochem Vaccines Inc
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Individual
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Assigned to BIOCHEM VACCINES INC. reassignment BIOCHEM VACCINES INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHARLEBOIS, ISABELLE, RIOUX, CLEMENT, BOYER, MARTINE, BRODEUR, BERNARD R., HAMEL, JOSEE, MARTIN, DENIS
Assigned to BIOCHEM PHARMA INC. reassignment BIOCHEM PHARMA INC. CERTIFICATE OF AMALGAMATION Assignors: BIOCHEM VACCINES INC.
Priority to US10/340,792 priority patent/US7914794B2/en
Publication of US20030031682A1 publication Critical patent/US20030031682A1/en
Priority to US12/980,172 priority patent/US8226953B2/en
Priority to US13/550,363 priority patent/US8580262B2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
    • C07K14/315—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Streptococcus (G), e.g. Enterococci
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to antigens, more particularly protein antigens of group B streptococcus (GBS) bacterial pathogen which are useful as vaccine components for therapy and/or prophylaxis.
  • GBS group B streptococcus
  • Streptococcus are gram (+) bacteria that are differentiated by group specific carbohydrate antigens A through O found on their cell surface. Streptococcus groups are further distinguished by type-specific capsular polysaccharide antigens.
  • GBS Group B streptococcus
  • Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII antigenic proteins known as “C-proteins” (alpha, beta, gamma and delta), some of which have been cloned.
  • GBS is a common component of the normal human vaginal and colonic flora this pathogen has long been recognized as a major cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis, late-onset meningitis in infants, postpartum endometritis as well as mastitis in dairy herds.
  • Expectant mothers exposed to GBS are at risk of postpartum infection and may transfer the infection to their baby as the child passes through the birth canal.
  • the organism is sensitive to antibiotics, the high attack rate and rapid onset of sepsis in neonates and meningitis in infants results in high morbidity and mortality.
  • C-protein beta antigen which demonstrated immunogenic properties in mice and rabbit models. This protein was found to be unsuitable as a human vaccine because of its undesirable property of interacting with high affinity and in a non-immunogenic manner with the Fc region of human IgA.
  • the C-protein alpha antigen is rare in type III serotypes of GBS which is the serotype responsible for most GBS mediated conditions and is therefore of little use as a vaccine component.
  • GBS antigens that may be used as vaccine components for the prophylaxis and/or therapy of GBS infection.
  • the present invention provides an isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having at least 70% identity to a second polypeptide comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:
  • vectors comprising polynucleotides of the invention operably linked to an expression control region, as well as host cells transfected with said vectors and methods of producing polypeptides comprising culturing said host cells under conditions suitable for expression.
  • novel polypeptides encoded by polynucleotides of the invention are provided.
  • FIG. 1 a is the DNA sequence of clone 1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) with corresponding amino acid sequences for open reading frames;
  • FIG. 1 b is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 2;
  • FIG. 1 c is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 3;
  • FIG. 1 d is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 4;
  • FIG. 1 e is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 5;
  • FIG. 1 f is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 6;
  • FIG. 2 a is the DNA sequence of clone 2 (SEQ ID NO: 7) with corresponding amino acid sequences for open reading frames;
  • FIG. 2 b is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 8;
  • FIG. 2 c is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 9;
  • FIG. 2 d is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:10;
  • FIG. 2 e is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:11;
  • FIG. 2 f is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:12;
  • FIG. 3 a is the DNA sequence of clone 3 (SEQ ID NO:13) with corresponding amino acid sequences for open reading frames;
  • FIG. 3 b is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:14;
  • FIG. 3 c is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:15;
  • FIG. 3 d is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:16;
  • FIG. 3 e is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:17;
  • FIG. 3 f is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:18;
  • FIG. 3 g is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:19;
  • FIG. 3 h is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:20;
  • FIG. 3 i is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:21;
  • FIG. 4 a is the DNA sequence of clone 4 (SEQ ID NO:22) with corresponding amino acid sequences for open reading frames;
  • FIG. 4 b is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:23;
  • FIG. 4 c is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:24;
  • FIG. 4 d is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:25;
  • FIG. 4 e is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:26;
  • FIG. 5 a is the DNA sequence of clone 5 (SEQ ID NO:27) with corresponding amino acid sequences for open reading frames;
  • FIG. 5 b is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:28;
  • FIG. 5 c is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:29;
  • FIG. 5 d is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:30;
  • FIG. 5 e is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:31;
  • FIG. 6 a is the DNA sequence of clone 6 (SEQ ID NO:32)
  • FIG. 6 b is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:33;
  • FIG. 6 c is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:34;
  • FIG. 6 d is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:35;
  • FIG. 6 e is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:36;
  • FIG. 7 a is the DNA sequence of clone 7 (SEQ ID NO:37);
  • FIG. 7 b is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:38;
  • FIG. 7 c is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:39;
  • FIG. 7 d is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:40;
  • FIG. 7 e is the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:41;
  • FIG. 8 is the DNA sequence of a part of clone 7 including a signal sequence (SEQ ID NO:42);
  • FIG. 9 is the DNA sequence of a part of clone 7 without a signal sequence (SEQ ID NO :43);
  • FIG. 9 a is the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:44);
  • FIG. 10 represents the distribution of anti-GBS ELISA titers in sera from CD-1 mice immunized with recombinant GBS protein corresponding to the SEQ ID NO:39.
  • the present invention relates to novel antigenic polypeptides of group B streptococcus (GBS) characterized by the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • SEQ ID NO: 2 SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41 and SEQ ID NO:44 or fragments, analogs or derivatives thereof.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention includes SEQ ID NO:39 and SEQ ID NO:44.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention is SEQ ID NO:39.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention is SEQ ID NO:44.
  • fragments include those polypeptides in which one or more of the amino acid residues are substituted with a conserved or non-conserved amino acid residue (preferably conserved) and which may be natural or unnatural.
  • polypeptides of the present invention also include polypeptides which are modified by addition, deletion, substitution of amino acids provided that the polypeptides retain the capacity to induce an immune response.
  • ⁇ conserved amino acid>> is meant a substitution of one or more amino acids for another in which the antigenic determinant (including its secondary structure and hydropathic nature) of a given antigen is completely or partially conserved in spite of the substitution.
  • one or more amino acid residues within the sequence can be substituted by another amino acid of a similar polarity, which acts as a functional equivalent, resulting in a silent alteration.
  • Substitutes for an amino acid within the sequence may be selected from other members of the class to which the amino acid belongs.
  • the nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids include alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine.
  • the polar neutral amino acids include glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine and glutamine.
  • the positively charged (basic) amino acids include arginine, lysine and histidine.
  • the negatively charged (acidic) amino acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
  • derivatives and analogs of polypeptides of the invention will have about 70% identity with those sequences illustrated in the figures or fragments thereof. That is, 70% of the residues are the same. More preferably polypeptides will have greater than 95% homology. In another preferred embodiment, derivatives and analogs of polypeptides of the invention will have fewer than about 20 amino acid residue substitutions, modifications or deletions and more preferably less than 10. Preferred substitutions are those known in the art as conserved i.e. the substituted residues share physical or chemical properties such as hydrophobicity, size, charge or functional groups.
  • amino acid regions are found to be polymorphic, it may be desirable to vary one or more particular amino acids to more effectively mimic the different epitopes of the different GBS strains.
  • polypeptides which have fused thereto other compounds which alter the polypeptides biological or pharmacological properties i.e. polyethylene glycol (PEG) to increase half-life; leader or secretory amino acid sequences for ease of purification; prepro- and pro-sequences; and (poly)saccharides.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • polypeptides of the present invention can be modified by terminal —NH 2 acylation (eg. by acetylation, or thioglycolic acid amidation, terminal carbosy amidation, e.g. with ammonia or methylamine) to provide stability, increased hydrophobicity for linking or binding to a support or other molecule.
  • terminal —NH 2 acylation eg. by acetylation, or thioglycolic acid amidation, terminal carbosy amidation, e.g. with ammonia or methylamine
  • hetero and homo polypeptide multimers of the polypeptide fragments, analogues and derivatives include, for example, one or more polypeptides that have been cross-linked with cross-linkers such as avidin/biotin, gluteraldehyde or dimethyl-superimidate.
  • polymeric forms also include polypeptides containing two or more tandem or inverted contiguous sequences, produced from multicistronic mRNAs generated by recombinant DNA technology.
  • a fragment, analog or derivative of a polypeptide of the invention will comprise at least one antigenic region i.e. at least one epitope.
  • polypeptides may be utilized having bishaloacetyl groups, nitroarylhalides, or the like, where the reagents being specific for thio groups. Therefore, the link between two mercapto groups of the different peptides may be a single bond or may be composed of a linking group of at least two, typically at least four, and not more than 16, but usually not more than about 14 carbon atoms.
  • polypeptide fragments, analogs and derivatives of the invention do not contain a methionine (Met) starting residue.
  • polypeptides will not incorporate a leader or secretory sequence (signal sequence).
  • the signal portion of a polypeptide of the invention may be determined according to established molecular biological techniques.
  • the polypeptide of interest may be isolated from a GBS culture and subsequently sequenced to determine the initial residue of the mature protein and therefor the sequence of the mature polypeptide.
  • vaccine compositions comprising one or more GBS polypeptides of the invention in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier diluent or adjuvant.
  • Suitable adjuvants include oils i.e. Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvant; salts i.e. AlK(SO 4 ) 2 , AlNa(SO 4 ) 2 , AlNH 4 (SO 4 ) 2 , Al(OH) 3 , AlPO 4 , silica, kaolin; saponin derivative; carbon polynucleotides i.e. poly IC and poly AU and also detoxified cholera toxin (CTB)and E.coli heat labile toxin for induction of mucosal immunity.
  • Preferred adjuvants include QuilATM, AlhydrogelTM and AdjuphosTM.
  • Vaccines of the invention may be administered parenterally by injection, rapid infusion, nasopharyngeal absorption, dermoabsorption, or bucal or oral.
  • Vaccine compositions of the invention are used for the treatment or prophylaxis of streptococcus infection and/or diseases and symptoms mediated by streptococcus infection, in particular group A streptococcus (pyogenes), group B streptococcus (GES or agalactiae ), dysgalactiae, uberis, nocardia as well as Staphylococcus aureus.
  • group A streptococcus pryogenes
  • group B streptococcus GES or agalactiae
  • dysgalactiae dysgalactiae
  • uberis nocardia
  • nocardia nocardia
  • Staphylococcus aureus nocardia
  • General information about Streptococcus is available in Manual of Clinical Microbiology by P. R. Murray et al.(1995, 6 th Edition, ASM Press, Washington, D.C.) which is herein incorporated by reference. More particularly group B streptoc
  • vaccines are administered to those individuals at risk of GBS infection such as pregnant women and infants for sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia as well as immunocompromised individuals such as those with diabetes, liver disease or cancer.
  • Vaccines may also have veterinary applications such as for the treatment of mastitis in cattle which is mediated by the above mentioned bacteria as well as E.coli.
  • the vaccine of the present invention can also be used for the manufacture of a medicament used for the treatment or prophylaxis of streptococcus infection and/or diseases and symptoms mediated by streptococcus infection, in particular group A streptococcus ( pyogenes ), group B streptococcus (GBS or agalactiae ), dysgalactiae, uberis, nocardia as well as Staphylococcus aureus. More particularly group B streptococcus, agalactiae.
  • Vaccine compositions are preferably in unit dosage form of about 0.001 to 100 ⁇ g/kg (antigen/body weight) and more preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ g/kg and most preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ g/kg 1 to 3 times with an interval of about 1 to 12 weeks intervals between immunizations, and more preferably 1 to 6 weeks.
  • polypeptides of group B streptococcus characterized by the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • SEQ ID NO: 2 SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41 and SEQ ID NO:44 or fragments, analogs or derivatives thereof.
  • Preferred polynucleotides are those illustrated in FIGS. 1 a (SEQ ID NO: 1), 2 a (SEQ ID NO: 7), 3 a (SEQ ID NO: 13), 4 a (SEQ ID NO: 22), 2 a (SEQ ID NO: 27), 6 a (SEQ ID NO: 32), 7 a (SEQ ID NO: 37), 8 (SEQ ID NO : 42) and 9 (SEQ ID NO: 43) which correspond to the open reading frames, encoding polypeptides of the invention.
  • Preferred polynucleotides are those illustrated in FIGS. 1 a (SEQ ID NO: 1), 2 a (SEQ ID NO: 7), 3 a (SEQ ID NO: 13), 4 a (SEQ ID NO: 22), 5 a (SEQ ID NO: 27), 6 a (SEQ ID NO: 32), 7 a (SEQ ID NO: 37), 8 (SEQ ID NO: 42) and 9 (SEQ ID NO: 43) and fragments, analogues and derivatives thereof.
  • FIGS. 7 More preferred polynucleotides of the invention are those illustrated in FIGS. 7 (SEQ ID NO: 37), 8 (SEQ ID NO: 42) and 9 (SEQ ID NO: 43).
  • nucleotide coding sequences which encode for substantially the same polypeptides of the present invention may be used in the practice of the present invention. These include but are not limited to nucleotide sequences which are altered by the substitution of different codons that encode the same amino acid residue within the sequence, thus producing a silent change.
  • the present invention further provides polynucleotides which hybridize to the polynucleotide sequences herein above described (or the complement sequences thereof) having 50% and preferably at least 70% identity between sequences. More preferably polynucleotides are hybridizable under stringent conditions i.e. having at least 95% identity and most preferably more than 97% identity.
  • a nucleic acid molecule capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions is meant annealing of a nucleic acid molecule to at least a region of a second nucleic acid sequence (whether as cDNA, mRNA, or genomic DNA) or to its complementary strand under standard conditions, e.g. high temperature and/or low salt content, which tend to disfavor hybridization of noncomplementary nucleotide sequences.
  • a suitable protocol is described in Maniatis T. et al., Molecular cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory, 1982, which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • polynucleotides encoding polypeptides of the invention, or fragments, analogs or derivatives thereof, may be used in a DNA immunization method. That is, they can be incorporated into a vector which is replicable and expressible upon injection thereby producing the antigenic polypeptide in vivo.
  • polynucleotides may be incorporated into a plasmid vector under the control of the CMV promoter which is functional in eukaryotic cells.
  • the vector is injected intramuscularly.
  • polypeptides of the invention by recombinant techniques by expressing a polynucleotide encoding said polypeptide in a host cell and recovering the expressed polypeptide product.
  • the polypeptides can be produced according to established synthetic chemical techniques i.e. solution phase or solid phase synthesis of oligopeptides which are ligated to produce the full polypeptide (block ligation).
  • host cells are transfected with vectors which encode the polypeptide, and then cultured in a nutrient media modified as appropriate for activating promoters, selecting transformants or amplifying the genes.
  • Suitable vectors are those that are viable and replicable in the chosen host and include chromosomal, non-chromosomal and synthetic DNA sequences e.g. bacterial plasmids, phage DNA, baculovirus, yeast plasmids, vectors derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA.
  • the polypeptide sequence may be incorporated in the vector at the appropriate site using restriction enzymes such that it is operably linked to an expression control region comprising a promoter, ribosome binding site (consensus region or Shine-Dalgarno sequence), and optionally an operator (control element).
  • an expression control region comprising a promoter, ribosome binding site (consensus region or Shine-Dalgarno sequence), and optionally an operator (control element).
  • Suitable promoters include but are not limited to LTR or SV40 promoter, E.coli lac, tac or trp promoters and the phage lambda P L promoter.
  • Vectors will preferably incorporate an origin of replication as well as selection markers i.e. ampicillin resistance gene.
  • Suitable bacterial vectors include pET, pQE70, pQE60, pQE-9, pbs, pD10 phagescript, psiX174, pbluescript SK, pbsks, pNH8A, pNH16a, pNH18A, pNH46A, ptrc99a, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 and eukaryotic vectors pBlueBacIII, pWLNEO, pSV2CAT, pOG44, pXT1, pSG, pSVK3, PBPV, PMSG and PSVL.
  • Host cells may be bacterial i.e. E.coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces; fungal i.e. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulins; yeast i.e. Saccharomyces or eukaryotic i.e. CHO, COS.
  • polypeptide Upon expression of the polypeptide in culture, cells are typically harvested by centrifugation then disrupted by physical or chemical means (if the expressed polypeptide is not secreted into the media) and the resulting crude extract retained to isolate the polypeptide of interest. Purification of the polypeptide from culture media or lysate may be achieved by established techniques depending on the properties of the polypeptide i.e. using ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography. Final purification may be achieved using HPLC.
  • the polypeptide may be expressed with or without a leader or secretion sequence.
  • the leader may be removed using post-translational processing (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,431,739; 4,425,437; and 4,338,397 incorporated herein by reference) or be chemically removed subsequent to purifying the expressed polypeptide.
  • the GBS polypeptides of the invention may be used in a diagnostic test for streptococcus infection in particular GBS infection.
  • a diagnostic test for streptococcus infection in particular GBS infection.
  • Several diagnostic methods are possible, for example detecting streptococcus organism in a biological sample, the following procedure may be followed:
  • a method for the detection of antibody specific to a streptococcus antigen in a biological sample containing or suspected of containing said antibody may be performed as follows:
  • this diagnostic test may take several forms, including an immunological test such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a radioimmunoassay or a latex agglutination assay, essentially to determine whether antibodies specific for the protein are present in an organism.
  • an immunological test such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a radioimmunoassay or a latex agglutination assay, essentially to determine whether antibodies specific for the protein are present in an organism.
  • the DNA sequences encoding polypeptides of the invention may also be used to design DNA probes for use in detecting the presence of streptococcus in a biological sample suspected of containing such bacteria.
  • the detection method of this invention comprises:
  • the DNA probes of this invention may also be used for detecting circulating streptococcus i.e. GBS nucleic acids in a sample, for example using a polymerase chain reaction, as a method of diagnosing streptococcus infections.
  • the probe may be synthesized using conventional techniques and may be immobilized on a solid phase, or may be labeled with a detectable label.
  • a preferred DNA probe for this application is an oligomer having a sequence complementary to at least about 6 contiguous nucleotides of the GBS polypeptides of the invention.
  • Another diagnostic method for the detection of streptococcus in a patient comprises:
  • a further aspect of the invention is the use of the GBS polypeptides of the invention as immunogens for the production of specific antibodies for the diagnosis and in particular the treatment of streptococcus infection.
  • Suitable antibodies may be determined using appropriate screening methods, for example by measuring the ability of a particular antibody to passively protect against streptococcus infection in a test model.
  • an animal model is the mouse model described in the examples herein.
  • the antibody may be a whole antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof and may in general belong to any immunoglobulin class.
  • the antibody or fragment may be of animal origin, specifically of mammalian origin and more specifically of murine, rat or human origin.
  • the term recombinant antibody or antibody fragment means antibody or antibody fragment which were produced using molecular biology techniques.
  • the antibody or antibody fragments may be polyclonal, or preferably monoclonal. It may be specific for a number of epitopes associated with the GBS polypeptides but is preferably specific for one.
  • GBS strain C388/90 (Clinical isolate obtained in 1990 from the cephalorachidian fluid of a patient suffering from meningitis, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada) and NCS246 (National Center for Streptococcus, Provincial Laboratory of Public Health for Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Canada) were respectively serotyped as type Ia/c and type II/R.
  • mice [0111] To increase their virulence, the GBS strains C388/90 (serotype Ia/c) and NCS 246 (serotype II/R) were serially passaged through mice as described previously (Lancefield et al. J Exp Med 142:165-179, 1975). Briefly, the increase of virulence was monitored using intraperitoneal inoculations of serial dilutions of a subculture in Todd-Hewitt broth obtained from either the blood or spleen of infected mice. After the last passage, infected blood samples were used to inoculate Todd-Hewitt broth. After an incubation of 2 hours at 37° C.
  • glycerol at a final concentration of 10% (v/v) was added to the culture.
  • the culture was then aliquoted and stored at ⁇ 80° C. for use in GBS challenge experiments.
  • the number of cfu of GBS present in these frozen samples was determined.
  • the bacterial concentration necessary to kill 100% (LD100) of the 18 weeks old mice were determined to be 3.5 ⁇ 10 5 and 1.1 ⁇ 10 5 respectively for GBS strain C388/90 and NCS246, which corresponded to a significant increase in virulence for both strains. Indeed, the LD100 recorded before the passages for these two strains was higher than 10 9 cfu.
  • a freshly thawed aliquot of a virulent GBS strain was adjusted to the appropriate bacterial concentration using Todd-Hewitt broth and iml was injected intraperitoneally to each female CD-1 mouse.
  • the mice used for the passive protection experiments were 6 to 8 weeks old, while the ones used for the active protection experiments were approximately 18 weeks old at the time of the challenge. All inocula were verified by colony counts. Animals were observed for any sign of infection four times daily for the first 48 h after challenge and then daily for the next 12 days. At the end of that period, blood samples were obtained from the survivors and frozen at ⁇ 20° C. The spleen obtained from each mouse that survived the challenge was cultured in order to identify any remaining GBS.
  • Formaldehyde killed GBS whole cells were prepared according to the procedures described in Lancefield et al (J Exp Med 142:165-179,1975 which is herein incorporated by reference). Briefly, an overnight culture on sheep blood agar plates (Quelab Laboratories, Montreal, Canada) of a GBS strain was washed twice in PBS buffer (phosphate buffered-saline, pH 7.2), adjusted to approximately 3 ⁇ 10 9 cfu/mL and incubated overnight in PBS containing 0.3% (v/v) formaldehyde. The killed GBS suspension was washed with PBS and kept frozen at ⁇ 80° C.
  • PBS buffer phosphate buffered-saline, pH 7.2
  • mice Female CD-1 mice, 6 to 8 weeks old (Charles River, St-Constant, Québec, Canada), were injected subcutaneously three times at two weeks interval with 0.1 ml of formaldehyde killed cells of GBS strain C388/90 ( ⁇ 6 ⁇ 10 7 GBS), or 0.1 ml of PBS for the control group.
  • AlhydrogelTM Superfos Biosector, Frederikssund, Denmark
  • Serum samples were obtained from each mouse before the beginning of the immunization protocol and two weeks after the last injection. The sera were frozen at ⁇ 20° C.
  • mice in each control group injected with PBS and the group immunized with formaldehyde killed whole cells GBS strain C388/90 (Ia/c) were challenged with 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 cfu of GBS strain C388/90 (Ia/c) one week after the third injection. All mice immunized with the formaldehyde killed GBS whole cells survived the homologous challenge while, within 5 days after the challenge, only 4 out of the 8 mice injected with PBS survived from the infection.
  • the bacterial suspension had to be adjusted according to the age of the mice at the time of the bacterial challenge.
  • mice corresponding to a control group were injected with PBS, while a second group of 12 mice was immunized with formaldehyde killed whole cells of GBS strain C388/90 (Ia/c).
  • Six mice from each of these two groups were challenged with 2.1 ⁇ 10 6 cfu of the GBS strain C388/90 (Ia/c) (Table I).
  • Ia/c the GBS strain C388/90
  • Table I As the first challenge experiment, all mice immunized with the GBS strain C388/90 (Ia/c) survived the homologous challenge. Only two out of the 6 mice injected with PBS survived the infection.
  • mice in both groups were then used one week later to verify whether this antigenic preparation could confer cross protection against strain NCS246 (II/R) which produce a serologically distinct capsule. None of the mice infected with this second GBS strain survived the infection. The later result suggested that most of the protective immune response induced by formaldehyde killed strain C388/90 is directed against the capsular polysaccharide and that it could be restricted to strains of that particular serotype. These results clearly indicated that this particular model of infection can be efficiently used to study the protection conferred by vaccination.
  • a New Zealand rabbit (2.5 kg, Charles River, St-Constant, Québec, Canada) was immunized with formaldehyde killed cells of GBS strain C388/90 (Ia/c) to obtain hyperimmune serum.
  • This rabbit was injected subcutaneously three times at three weeks interval with approximately 1.5 ⁇ 10 9 cfu of formaldehyde killed whole cells of GBS strain C388/90 (Ia/c).
  • Freund's complete adjuvant (Gibco BRL Life Technologies, Grand Island, N.Y.) was used as the adjuvant for the first immunization, while Freund's incomplete adjuvant (Gibco BRL) was used for the following two injections. Serum samples were obtained before the beginning of the immunization protocol and two weeks after the last injection. The sera were frozen at ⁇ 20° C.
  • the coding region of a GBS gene was amplified by PCR (DNA Thermal Cycler GeneAmp PCR system 2400 Perkin Elmer, San Jose, Calif.) from the genomic DNA of GBS strain C388/90 (Ia/c) using the oligos that contained base extensions for the addition of the restriction sites BglII (AGATCT) and HindIII (AAGCTT), respectively.
  • the PCR product was purified from agarose gel using a Qiaex II gel extraction kit from Qiagen (Chatsworth, Calif.), digested with the restriction enzymes BglII and HindIII (Pharmacia Canada Inc Baie d'Urfe, Canada), and extracted with phenol:chloroform before ethanol precipitation.
  • the pET-32b(+) vector (Novagen, Madison, Wis.) containing the thioredoxin-His.Tag sequence was digested with the restriction enzymes BglII and HindIII, extracted with phenol:chloroform, and then ethanol precipitated.
  • the BglII-HindIII genomic DNA fragment was ligated to the BglII-HindIII pET-32b(+) vector to create the coding sequence for thioredoxin-His.Tag-GBS fusion protein whose gene was under control of the T7 promoter.
  • the ligated products were transformed into E.
  • the recombinant pET plasmid was purified using a Qiagen kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, Calif.) and the nucleotide sequence of the DNA insert was verified by DNA sequencing (Taq Dye Deoxy Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit, ABI, Foster City, Calif.).
  • the recombinant pET plasmid was transformed by electroporation (Gene Pulser II apparatus, BIO-RAD Labs, Mississauga, Canada) into E.
  • the transformant AD494(DE3)/rpET was grown at 37° C. with agitation at 250 rpm in LB broth (peptone 10 g/L, Yeast extract 5 g/L, NaCl 10 g/L) containing 100 ⁇ g of ampicillin (Sigma-Aldrich Canada Ltd., Oakville, Canada) per mL until the A 600 reached a value of 0.6.
  • LB broth peptone 10 g/L
  • ampicillin Sigma-Aldrich Canada Ltd., Oakville, Canada
  • the cells were incubated for 2 additional hours in the presence of IPTG at a final concentration of lmM.
  • the bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation.
  • the recombinant fusion protein produced by AD494(DE3)/rpET32 upon IPTG induction for 2h was partially obtained as insoluble inclusion bodies which were purified from endogenous E. coli proteins by the isolation of insoluble aggregates (Gerlach, G. F. et al 1992, Infect. Immun. 60:892). Induced cells from a 500 mL culture were resuspended in 20 mL of 25% sucrose-50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) and frozen at ⁇ 70° C.
  • Lysis of cells in thawed suspension was achieved by the addition of 5 mL of a solution of lysozyme (10 mg/mL) in 250 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) followed by an incubation of 10 to 15 min on ice, and the addition of 150 mL of detergent mix (5 parts of 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer [pH 7.4]-300 mM NaCl-2% deoxycholic acid-2% Nonidet P-40 and 4 parts of 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer [pH8]-50 mM EDTA-2% Triton X-100) followed by 5 min incubation on ice.
  • the pelleted cells obtained from a 100 mL culture induced with IPTG was resuspended in 4 mL of Binding buffer (5 mM imidazole-500 mM NaCl-20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.9), sonicated, and spun at 39,000 ⁇ g for 20 min to remove debris. The supernatant was filtered (0.45 ⁇ m pore size membrane) and deposited on a column of His.Bind resin equilibrated in Binding buffer. The column was then washed with 10 column volumes of Binding buffer followed by 6 column volumes of Wash buffer (20 mM imidazole-500 mM NaCl-20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.9).
  • the thioredoxin-His.Tag-GBS fusion protein was eluted with Elute buffer (1M imidazole-500 mM NaCl-20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.9). The removal of the salt and imidazole from the sample was done by dialysis against 3 ⁇ 1 liter PBS at 4° C.
  • fusion protein obtained from either the soluble or insoluble cytoplasmic fractions of E. coli were estimated by Coomassie staining of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel with serial dilutions of these proteins and a bovine serum albumin standard (Pierce Chemical Co. Rockford, Ill.).
  • the DNA coding region of a GBS protein was inserted downstream of the promoter ⁇ P L into the translation vector pURV22.
  • This plasmid was derived from p629 (George et al, 1987, Bio/Technology 5:600) from which the coding region for a portion of the herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) glycoprotein (gD-1) was removed and the ampicillin resistance gene replaced by a kanamycin cassette obtained from the plasmid vector pUC4K (Pharmacia Biotech Canada Inc., Baie D'Urfe, Canada).
  • the vector contained a cassette of the bacteriophage ⁇ cI857 temperature sensitive repressor gene from which the functional P R promoter had been deleted.
  • the translation of the gene was controlled by the ribosome binding site cro followed downstream by a BglII restriction site (AGATCT) and the ATG: ACTAAGGAGGTTAGATCTATG.
  • DNA amplification reactions by polymerase chain reaction were made using DNA Thermal Cycler GeneAmp PCR system 2400 (Perkin Elmer, San Jose, Calif.). Plasmids used for DNA sequencing were purified using plasmid kits from Qiagen (Chatsworth, Calif.). DNA fragments were purified from agarose gels using Qiaex II gel extraction kits from Qiagen (Chatsworth, Calif.). Plasmid transformations were carried out by the method described by Hanahan ( DNA Cloning, Glover (ed.) pp, 109-135, 1985 which is herein incorporated by reference).
  • the sequencing of genomic DNA inserts in plasmids was done using synthetic oligonucleotides which were synthesized by oligonucleotide synthesizer model 394 (the Perkin-Elmer Corp., Applied Biosystems Div. (ABI), Foster City, Calif.).
  • the sequencing reactions were carried out by PCR using the Taq Dye Deoxy Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit (ABI, Foster City, Calif.) and DNA electrophoresis was performed on automated DNA sequencer 373A (ABI, Foster City, Calif.).
  • the assembly of the DNA sequence was performed using the program Sequencer 3.0 (Gene Codes Corporation, Ann Arbor, Mich.). Analysis of the DNA sequences and their predicted polypeptides was performed with the program Gene Works version 2.45 (Intelligenetics, Inc., Mountain View Calif.).
  • the coding region of the GBS gene was amplified by PCR from GBS strain C388/90 (Ia/c) genomic DNA using oligos that contained base extensions for the addition of restriction sites BglII (AGATCT) and XbaI(TCTAGA), respectively.
  • the PCR product was purified from agarose gel using a Qiaex II gel extraction kit from Qiagen (Chatsworth, Calif.), digested with the restriction enzymes BglII and XbaI, and extracted with phenol:chloroform before ethanol precipitation.
  • the pURV22 vector was digested with the restriction enzymes BglII and XbaI, extracted with phenol:chloroform, and ethanol precipitated
  • the BglII-XbaI genomic DNA fragment was ligated to the BglII-XbaI pURV22 vector in which the GBS gene was under the control of the ⁇ PL promoter.
  • the ligated products were transformed into E.
  • the transformant XLI Blue MRF′/rpURV22 was grown at 34° C. with agitation at 250 rpm in LB broth containing 50 ⁇ g of kanamycin per mL until the A 600 reached a value of 0.6. In order to induce the production of the fusion protein, the cells were incubated for 4 additional hours at 39° C. The bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation, resuspended in sample buffer, boiled for 10 min and kept at ⁇ 20° C.
  • the DNA coding region of a GBS protein was inserted in phase downstream of the human growth hormone (hGH) gene which was under the transcriptional control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter in the plasmid vector pCMV-GH (Tang et al, Nature, 1992, 356:152).
  • CMV cytomegalovirus
  • the CMV promoter is non functional in E. coli cells but active upon administration of the plasmid in eukaryotic cells.
  • the vector also incorporated the ampicillin resistance gene.
  • the coding region of the gene was amplified by PCR from genomic DNA of GBS strain C388/90 (Ia/c) using the oligos that contained base extensions for the addition of the restriction sites BglII (AGATCT) and HindIII (AAGCTT).
  • the PCR product was purified from agarose gel using a Qiaex II gel extraction kit from Qiagen (Chatsworth, Calif.), digested with the restriction enzymes BglII and HindIII, and extracted with phenol:chloroform before ethanol precipitation.
  • the pCMV-GH vector (Laboratory of Dr. Stephen A.
  • mice sera in ELISA using the affinity purified thioredoxin-His.Tag to coat plates showed that negligible antibody titers are made against the thioredoxin-His.Tag portion of the fusion protein.
  • the reactivity of the sera from mice injected with the recombinant fusion protein was also tested by ELISA against formaldehyde killed whole cells of GBS strain C388/90.
  • the antibodies induced by immunization with recombinant fusion protein also recognized their specific epitopes on GES cells indicating that their conformation is close enough to the native streptococcal protein to induce cross-reactive antibodies.
  • mice were challenged with 3.5 ⁇ 10 5 cfu of GBS strains C338/90 (Ia/c) and 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 cfu of strain NCS246(II/R) the results of which are illustrated in tables 3 and 4 respectively.
  • Mice immunized with control thioredoxin-His.Tag peptide were not protected against challenge with either GBS strain while those immunized with formaldehyde killed C388/90 whole cells only provided protection against homologous challenge.
  • the thioredoxin-His.Tag-GBS fusion protein of the invention protected mice from challenge with both GBS strains.
  • mice were challenged with approximately 10 4 to 10 6 CFU of various virulent GBS strains.
  • Samples of the GBS challenge inoculum were plated on TSA/5% sheep blood agar plates to determine the CFU and to verify the challenge dose. Deaths were recorded for a period of 14 days and on day 14 post-challenge, the surviving mice were sacrificed and blood and spleen were tested for the presence of GBS organisms. The survival data are shown in table 5.
  • mice Groups of 10 female CD-1 mice were immunized subcutaneously with recombinant GBS protein corresponding to SEQ ID NO:39 as described in Example 8.
  • sera from blood samples collected prior each immunization and fourteen days after the third immunization were tested for antibody reactive with GBS cells by ELISA using plates coated with formaldehyde-killed GBS cells from type III strain NCS 954, type Ib strain ATCC12401, type V strain NCS 535 or type VI strain NCS 9842.
  • the specificity of the raised antibodies for GBS protein was confirmed by Western blot analyses to GBS cell extracts and purified recombinant antigens. The results shown in FIG.
  • MAbs Monoclonal antibodies specific to the GBS protein of the present invention were used to demonstrate that this surface antigen is produced by all GBS and that it is also antigenically highly conserved.
  • GBS-specific MAbs A collection of 68 GBS isolates was used to evaluate the reactivity of the GBS-specific MAbs. These strains were obtained from the National Center for Streptococcus, Provincial Laboratory of Public Health for Northern Alberta, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Pavillon CHUL, Quebec, Canada; American Type Culture Collection, USA; Laboratoire de Sante Publique du Quebec, Canada; and Dept. of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, USA.
  • mice were immunized three times at three-week intervals with 20 ⁇ g of purified recombinant GBS protein (SEQ ID NO: 44) in the presence of 20% QuilATM adjuvant.
  • Hybridoma cell lines were generated by fusion of spleen cells recovered from immunized mice with the nonsecreting SP2/O myeloma cell line as described previously (Hamel, J. et al. 1987. J. Med. Microbiol. 23:163-170 which is herein incorporated by reference).
  • Hybrid clone supernatants were tested for specific antibody production by ELISA using formaldehyde inactivated GBS and purified recombinant GBS protein (SEQ ID NO: 39 or 44) as coating antigen, as previously described (Hamel, J. et al. 1987. J. Med. Microbiol. 23:163-170). Specific hybrid were cloned by limiting dilutions, expanded, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Production of recombinant GBS protein was presented in Examples 4 & 5.

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