US20020081238A1 - Exhaust-gas cleaning unit with particle filter and nitrogen oxygen store, and operating method therefor - Google Patents

Exhaust-gas cleaning unit with particle filter and nitrogen oxygen store, and operating method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020081238A1
US20020081238A1 US09/929,961 US92996101A US2002081238A1 US 20020081238 A1 US20020081238 A1 US 20020081238A1 US 92996101 A US92996101 A US 92996101A US 2002081238 A1 US2002081238 A1 US 2002081238A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
exhaust
nitrogen oxide
regeneration phase
particle filter
soot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US09/929,961
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English (en)
Inventor
Frank Duvinage
Stefan Kurze
Thomas Liebscher
Arno Nolte
Markus Paule
Norbert Ruzicka
Joachim Schommers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daimler AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Assigned to DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG reassignment DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KURZE, STEFAN, LIEBSCHER, THOMAS, RUZICKA, NORBERT, SCHOMMERS, JOACHIM, DUVINAGE, FRANK, NOLTE, ARNO, PAULE, MARKUS
Publication of US20020081238A1 publication Critical patent/US20020081238A1/en
Priority to US12/006,923 priority Critical patent/US7662197B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0835—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0857—Carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
    • F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
    • F02D41/028—Desulfurisation of NOx traps or adsorbent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/908—O2-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/912—HC-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/04—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/16—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
    • F02D41/0055—Special engine operating conditions, e.g. for regeneration of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
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    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
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    • F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
    • F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/10—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust-gas cleaning unit having a particle filter and a nitrogen oxide store and to a method for operating a unit of this type.
  • Exhaust-gas cleaning units of this type are suitable in particular for cleaning the exhaust gases of diesel engines from, for example, motor vehicles.
  • European Published Patent Application No. 0 758 713 describes an exhaust-gas cleaning unit in which an oxidation catalytic converter is connected upstream of the particle filter, as seen in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas, and the nitrogen oxide store is connected downstream of the particle filter.
  • a nitrogen oxide reduction catalytic converter may be used as an alternative to the nitrogen oxide store.
  • the oxidation catalytic converter is used to convert nitrogen monoxide which is contained in the exhaust gas in soot regeneration phases of the particle filter into nitrogen dioxide, which promotes the soot burn-off in the particle filter.
  • the nitrogen oxide store or the nitrogen oxide reduction catalytic converter is used to collect or convert nitrogen monoxide which is formed by the reaction of the nitrogen dioxide with the soot particles.
  • the soot regeneration operations occur, for example, every 60 minutes for about three minutes with a lean exhaust-gas composition and temperatures of between approximately 400° C. and 500°C.
  • Conventional nitrogen oxide regeneration phases for the nitrogen oxide store are performed approximately every 10 seconds to every few minutes, in each case for approximately 0.5 seconds, with a rich exhaust-gas composition.
  • a nitrogen oxide regeneration phase of this type falls in the period of a soot regeneration phase, it is performed, by an additional increase in temperature, as a correspondingly short sulphur regeneration phase, in order to prevent gradual sulphur poisoning of the nitrogen oxide store.
  • the exhaust-gas cleaning unit according to the present invention includes a nitrogen oxide store connected upstream of the particle filter. Connecting the nitrogen oxide store upstream of the particle filter, as seen in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas, has a number of particular advantages. For example, nitrogen oxides, which have been temporarily stored in the nitrogen oxide store, may be liberated at the elevated exhaust-gas temperature which is required for soot regeneration of the particle filter and may additionally assist the soot regeneration in the form of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). Furthermore, sulphur regeneration of the nitrogen oxide store, which requires relatively high exhaust-gas temperatures of typically between 600° C. and 700° C., may be combined with soot regeneration of the particle filter, for which elevated exhaust-gas temperatures of between approximately 400° C. and approximately 600° C. are generally used, the fact that the nitrogen oxide store is connected upstream of the particle filter resulting in a natural temperature gradient along the exhaust-gas flow which matches these temperature requirements.
  • nitrogen oxides which have been temporarily stored in the nitrogen oxide store, may be liberated at the elevated exhaust-gas temperature which is
  • a respective oxidation catalytic converter may be provided upstream of the nitrogen oxide store, between the nitrogen oxide store and the particle filter and/or downstream of the particle filter.
  • an oxidation catalytic converter of this type assists with raising the exhaust-gas temperature, soot regeneration by generating NO 2 and/or avoiding hydrocarbon (HC) and/or carbon monoxide (CO) emissions.
  • An HC/CO/O 2 storage coating and/or an oxidation catalyst coating and/or a coating which promotes the oxidation of soot may be provided in the particle filter, preferably in each case in an inlet-side part thereof.
  • unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide may be trapped or oxidized and/or the soot burn-off during the particle filter regeneration may be assisted.
  • An exhaust-gas according to the present invention may include a lambda probe downstream of the particle filter. This probe may be used to monitor the soot burn-off behavior during the particle regeneration and to detect any breakthrough of reducing agents during the NO x regeneration of the nitrogen oxide store.
  • the operating method according to the present invention includes firstly sulphur regeneration phases for the nitrogen oxide store, which are performed for a longer period than the NO x regeneration phases, in order to achieve complete sulphur desorption. Moreover, combined sulphur and soot regeneration phases are provided, during which the sulphur regeneration of the nitrogen oxide store and the soot regeneration of the particle filter may be linked in terms of time by the two regeneration operations being performed immediately after one another or by one regeneration operation being performed intermittently at intervals during the other regeneration operation. In this manner, the thermal exhaust-gas energy may be utilized for both regeneration processes.
  • a lambda probe downstream of the particle filter may be used firstly to detect the progress of a soot regeneration phase and secondly to detect a breakthrough of reducing agents during a nitrogen oxide regeneration phase and therefore that the latter phase has ended.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an exhaust-gas cleaning unit for a diesel engine having a particle filter, an upstream nitrogen oxide store and an optional downstream oxidation catalytic converter.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an exhaust-gas cleaning unit having an oxidation catalytic converter disposed upstream of the nitrogen oxide store.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an exhaust-gas cleaning unit having an oxidation catalytic converter disposed between the nitrogen oxide store and the particle filter.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an exhaust-gas cleaning unit having a particle filter that includes a coating configured to perform an exhaust-gas cleaning function.
  • the exhaust-gas cleaning unit is suitable in particular for cleaning the exhaust gas from a diesel engine, for example in a motor vehicle.
  • the exhaust-gas cleaning unit includes, as components which are active in the exhaust-gas cleaning in an exhaust system 1 , a particle filter 2 and a nitrogen oxide store 3 which is connected upstream of the particle filter 2 , as seen in the direction R of flow of the exhaust gas, as well as, optionally, an oxidation catalytic converter 4 connected downstream of the particle filter 2 .
  • a control unit which may formed, for example, by an engine control unit which controls the exhaust-emitting diesel engine, is used to control the operation of the exhaust-gas cleaning unit.
  • the control unit determines the operating state of the exhaust-gas cleaning unit using various sensors arranged in the exhaust system 1 . These sensors include in particular a first sensor arrangement S 1 .
  • a second and third sensor arrangement S 2 , S 3 between the nitrogen oxide store 3 and the particle filter 2 and downstream of the latter, respectively, in each case to determine pressure and temperature, and, also downstream of the particle filter 2 , upstream or downstream of the optional oxidation catalytic converter 4 , a fourth sensor arrangement S 4 for determining the lambda value and oxygen and/or nitrogen oxide content.
  • a second and third sensor arrangement S 2 , S 3 between the nitrogen oxide store 3 and the particle filter 2 and downstream of the latter, respectively, in each case to determine pressure and temperature, and, also downstream of the particle filter 2 , upstream or downstream of the optional oxidation catalytic converter 4 , a fourth sensor arrangement S 4 for determining the lambda value and oxygen and/or nitrogen oxide content.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrate variants of the unit illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • an oxidation catalytic converter 5 is additionally provided upstream of the nitrogen oxide store 3 .
  • the optional oxidation catalytic converter 4 downstream of the particle filter 2 may be smaller.
  • an oxidation catalytic converter 6 is connected between the nitrogen oxide store 3 and the particle filter 2 .
  • the optional oxidation catalytic converter 4 downstream of the particle filter 2 may be smaller.
  • the exhaust-gas cleaning unit illustrated in FIG. 4 uses a modified particle filter 2 a which, in an inlet-side section 7 , is provided with a coating which is active in cleaning of the exhaust gas.
  • this coating is selected so that it fulfils an oxidation catalyst function or an HC/CO/O 2 storage function or a function of promoting soot burn-off. Suitable materials for such coatings are conventional and therefore require no further explanation.
  • the coating acts as an oxidation catalyst, i.e., it catalyzes oxidation of gaseous, oxidizable exhaust-gas constituents.
  • the coating serves to store unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or oxygen contained in the exhaust gas at the inlet side of the particle filter 2 a, depending on the operating state of the diesel engine and of the exhaust-gas cleaning unit. In this manner, it is possible, for example, to prevent a breakthrough of unburned hydrocarbons and of carbon monoxide.
  • the coating serves as an oxidation aid in the soot burn-off during the soot regeneration of the particle filter, with the result that the soot burn-off may occur even at relatively low temperatures.
  • the nitrogen oxide store 3 is arranged upstream of the particle filter 2 , each of the installations illustrated may be operated so that the functions of these two exhaust-gas cleaning components 2 , 3 may be adapted to one another and assist one another with optimum utilization of the thermal energy contained in the exhaust gas.
  • the nitrogen oxide store 3 fulfills the nitrogen oxide reduction function, by temporarily storing nitrogen oxides, for example by adsorption in nitrate form, during lean operation of the diesel engine and releasing them and reducing them to form nitrogen during periodic regeneration or desorption phases. These NO x regeneration phases are performed at typical intervals of one to a few minutes, for a period of typically slightly less than one second to a few seconds, during which period a rich exhaust-gas composition is set. Any secondary emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide which arise may be oxidized by the subsequent oxidation catalytic converter(s) 4 , 6 .
  • a breakthrough of unburned hydrocarbons and/or carbon monoxide may also be prevented as a result of the particle filter coating 7 containing a material which has an HC/CO/O 2 storage function and, depending on the exhaust-gas atmosphere and exhaust-gas temperature, is able to temporarily store hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and/or to oxidize them using temporarily stored oxygen.
  • the particle filter 2 collects particles contained in the exhaust gas for a running distance of typically of the order of magnitude of a few hundred kilometers or several operating hours of the diesel engine, until its storage capacity is reached, after which it is subjected to soot regeneration.
  • soot regeneration the exhaust gas is raised to a suitably high temperature of typically 400° C. to 600° C. by corresponding engine measures, and a lean exhaust-gas composition with an oxygen content of preferably greater than 5% is established. This operation is typically performed for a few minutes, after which period the soot has been completely burnt off and the particle filter 2 has been regenerated.
  • the soot regeneration of the particle filter 2 may be assisted by the upstream nitrogen oxide store 3 as a result of the latter previously being laden with nitrogen oxides. Then, as soon as the exhaust-gas temperature for starting a soot regeneration operation is raised to over 400° C., e.g., to over 450° C., the nitrogen oxide store 3 , under the lean exhaust-gas atmosphere, releases additional NO 2 , which acts as a soot burn-off agent and assists soot burn-off in the downstream particle filter, which begins at particle filter temperatures of below 400° C., with the result that the regeneration speed of the particle filter 2 is increased.
  • the soot regeneration of the particle filter 2 may be enhanced further by deactivating the exhaust-gas recycling during this period, leading to higher NO x raw emissions.
  • additional nitrogen dioxide for accelerated soot burn-off is provided to the upstream oxidation catalytic converter 5 directly and via the oxidation of nitrogen monoxide to form NO 2 in the NO x store 3 .
  • the particle filter coating 7 is formed by a material which assists with soot oxidation, the soot burn-off is promoted by this coating 7 , which has the effect of causing the soot to be burnt off even at a relatively low temperature.
  • the nitrogen oxide store 3 When using sulphur-containing operating substances, in particular fuel and oil, for the diesel engine, the nitrogen oxide store 3 may gradually become covered with sulphur contained in the exhaust gas and, as a result, loses its ability to store NO x .
  • the sulphur which has been incorporated in the nitrogen oxide store 3 generally in sulphate form, to be released again, it is conventional to perform corresponding desulphating phases from time to time. These phases are typically required in each case after a few thousand operating kilometers and if possible are maintained for a few minutes, typically up to about 15 minutes for complete sulphur regeneration.
  • the sulphur regeneration requires the nitrogen oxide store 3 to be heated to a relatively high temperature of, typically, above 600° C., e.g. to 650° C.
  • the times at which a sulphur regeneration of the nitrogen oxide store 3 is performed may be linked to soot regeneration of the particle filter 2 , since both operations require elevated exhaust-gas temperatures and therefore the elevated thermal exhaust-gas energy may be utilized for both regeneration operations.
  • sulphur regeneration may be performed immediately before or immediately after a soot regeneration.
  • both regeneration processes are performed quasi-simultaneously, as a result of the process parameters for one regeneration operation being established in principle for over and above a certain period, but during this period the process parameters are intermittently switched over for brief periods to those required for the other operation.
  • soot regeneration of the particle filter 2 during which in principle a lean exhaust-gas composition is established, to intermittently, for example every 15 seconds to 60 seconds, switch over for a brief period of, for example, three seconds to 10 seconds, to a rich exhaust-gas composition, and in this manner to bring about sulphur regeneration of the nitrogen oxide store 3 .
  • the relatively high thermal inertia of the particle filter which results from its mass, does not cause any delay to the temperature control of the NO x store 3 .
  • the increase in the exhaust-gas temperature may be at least partially affected by oxidation, for example, of additionally injected fuel.
  • Connecting the oxidation catalytic converter 5 upstream of the nitrogen oxide store 3 may contribute to protecting the nitrogen oxide store 3 from very high exothermic temperatures during this oxidation, in that it oxidizes at least some of the oxidizable constituents contained in the exhaust gas, and as a result, at least partially relieves the nitrogen oxide store 3 of this oxidation function. In this manner, the thermal aging of the nitrogen oxide store 3 may be minimized.
  • the exhaust-gas cleaning unit according to the present invention and the associated operating method according to the present invention allow the thermal exhaust-gas energy to be utilized for the regeneration operations of both the nitrogen oxide store 3 and the particle filter 2 .
  • the upstream nitrogen oxide store 3 is able to assist and accelerate the soot regeneration of the particle filter 2 by additionally providing nitrogen oxide and by increasing the exhaust-gas temperature by exothermic oxidation of, for example, fuel which is introduced into the exhaust gas by additional injection into the diesel engine.
  • the exhaust-gas sensor arrangements S 1 to S 4 of the exhaust-gas cleaning unit for measuring the temperature, the pressure and the nitrogen oxide and oxygen content in the exhaust gas at the various locations of the exhaust system, may be used to control the sequence of the various regeneration operations described above.
  • arranging the lambda probe S 4 downstream of the particle filter 2 upstream or downstream of the optional oxidation catalytic converter 4 allows the exhaust gas to be monitored both with regard to a breakthrough of reducing agent during nitrogen oxide regeneration phases, which indicates that the nitrogen oxide desorption has been completed, and with regard to the oxygen content during the soot regeneration of the particle filter 2 , with the result that the burn-off behavior of the soot may be determined and complete conclusion of the soot burn-off may be detected.

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US09/929,961 2000-08-15 2001-08-15 Exhaust-gas cleaning unit with particle filter and nitrogen oxygen store, and operating method therefor Abandoned US20020081238A1 (en)

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CN1978035B (zh) * 2005-12-09 2011-10-12 现代自动车株式会社 同时减少氮氧化合物-微粒的装置的再生控制方法及装置
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US9482128B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2016-11-01 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Method for regenerating NOx storage catalytic converters of diesel engines with low-pressure EGR
US9587540B2 (en) 2011-07-13 2017-03-07 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Method and device for reactivating exhaust-gas purification systems of diesel engines with low-pressure EGR
EP3521595A1 (de) * 2018-02-06 2019-08-07 Mazda Motor Corporation Motorsystem, verfahren zur steuerung des motorsystems und computerprogrammprodukt

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DE10040554B4 (de) 2013-05-02
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US7662197B2 (en) 2010-02-16
FR2813097B1 (fr) 2007-05-18
FR2865240A1 (fr) 2005-07-22
FR2813097A1 (fr) 2002-02-22

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