US20020006504A1 - Laminated glazing material - Google Patents

Laminated glazing material Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020006504A1
US20020006504A1 US09/847,395 US84739501A US2002006504A1 US 20020006504 A1 US20020006504 A1 US 20020006504A1 US 84739501 A US84739501 A US 84739501A US 2002006504 A1 US2002006504 A1 US 2002006504A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
intermediate layer
thickness
ref
laminated glazing
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/847,395
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English (en)
Inventor
Marc Rehfeld
Boris Vidal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8849824&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20020006504(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Assigned to SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE reassignment SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VIDAL, BORIS M., REHFELD, MARC M.
Publication of US20020006504A1 publication Critical patent/US20020006504A1/en
Priority to US11/283,869 priority Critical patent/US7892629B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
    • Y10T428/3163—Next to acetal of polymerized unsaturated alcohol [e.g., formal butyral, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laminated glazing material with properties of acoustic insulation and mechanical strength.
  • Laminated glazing materials are generally designed for use in vehicles and buildings to reduce the audibility of external noises within the interior. Laminated glazing materials also have major advantages in terms of their mechanical strength.
  • an intermediate layer of a laminated glazing material advantageously permits part of the impact energy to be absorbed by viscous dissipation before the glass breaks.
  • the function of the intermediate layer is also extremely important since it ensures that the structure will be largely preserved if the glass is completely cracked by virtue of adhesion of glass fragments to the film.
  • the intermediate layer prevents projection of glass splinters, and consequent injury to persons in the vicinity of the broken glass.
  • Laminated glazing materials are commonly constructed using polyvinyl butyral (PVB) due to the mechanical performances of this material. Nevertheless, PVB has poor acoustic characteristics. Accordingly, special resins are sometimes preferred for their improved acoustic performances.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • European Patent EP-B-0 783 420 proposes the combination of a polyvinyl butyral film with a resin film having acoustic performances.
  • the combination of two separate films leads to higher product costs and to an increase in the cost of producing the glazing material.
  • the combination of multiple plies of material for the intermediate layer does not allow each material to be recycled individually from the surplus generally produced at the end of the manufacturing line, whereas the recycling operation can be readily employed to optimize production profitability when the intermediate layer is constructed of a single ply.
  • the present invention advantageously provides, by appropriate choice of the material of the intermediate layer, a monolithic laminated glazing material, meaning that the intermediate layer thereof comprises a single ply, with properties of acoustic insulation and properties of mechanical strength conforming with those expected as regards safety in glazing materials for buildings or motor vehicles.
  • the invention provides, according, to a first embodiment, a method of appraising criteria for choice of the material and of the thickness of the intermediate layer, which must have a minimum thickness in order to ensure sufficient mechanical strength.
  • the laminated glazing material or the polymer film that must function as the intermediate layer in a laminated glazing material is characterized in that the intermediate layer has a thickness equal to at least d ref J ref /J cl where J c is the critical energy value specific to the material of the intermediate layer and representative of the energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the intermediate layer; J ref is a reference critical energy value which corresponds to the critical energy value of a polyvinyl butyral film (PVB) and is equal to 35,100 J/m 2 for a temperature of 20° C. and for a drawing rate of 100 mm/min applied to the PVB film; and d ref is a reference thickness which corresponds to that of the PVB film and is equal to 0.38 mm.
  • J ref is a reference critical energy value which corresponds to the critical energy value of a polyvinyl butyral film (PVB) and is equal to 35,100 J/m 2 for a temperature of 20° C. and for a drawing rate of 100 mm/min applied to
  • the glazing material is acoustically satisfactory when it meets improved acoustic property criteria defined by the fact that a bar of 9 cm length and 3 cm width, made of laminated glass comprising two glass sheets of 4 mm thickness joined by the 2 mm thick intermediate layer, has a critical frequency which differs at most by 35% from that of a glass bar having the same length, the same width and a thickness of 4 mm.
  • the single-ply intermediate layer is characterized in that its material is composite, comprising in particular a polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded in the polymer.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated glazing material provided with a single intermediate film according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a testing device for evaluating the tearing strength of the intermediate layer
  • FIG. 3 is a graphic representation of the evolution of the crack tip energy of a crack made in the intermediate layer
  • FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of the tensile force exerted on the intermediate layer as a function of the drawing distance of the intermediate layer;
  • FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of the potential energy of the intermediate layer as a function of the drawing distance of the intermediate layer.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the satisfactory reproducibility of a tearing test.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a laminated glazing material according to the present invention.
  • the laminated glazing material includes two glass sheets 10 and 11 , and an intermediate polymer film 12 .
  • the glass sheets 10 and 11 have, for example, a thickness of 6 and 4 mm respectively, while the thickness d of the intermediate layer 12 can be variable.
  • the thickness d is chosen based upon the type of material chosen to construct the intermediate layer 12 .
  • the thickness d that is established for the intermediate layer 12 depends upon the tearing strength of the material used to construct the intermediate layer.
  • the tearing strength is specific to each material, and is characterized by an energy value representative of the energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the material. This energy value, known as critical energy J c (expressed in J/m 2 ), is different for each type of material and is independent of the film thickness.
  • the tearing strength of the material which will therefore be identified directly in terms of the critical energy J c , is evaluated only after appraisal of the acoustic performance of the material.
  • the present invention preferably first selects a material which is adequate in regards to satisfying the criteria of acoustic insulation, and then secondarily tests the tearing strength performance of the selected material in order to deduce therefrom the thickness d necessary to satisfy the mechanical strength criteria.
  • the intermediate layer must satisfy the critical frequency condition formulated in European Patent EP-B-0 100 701.
  • the principle of measurement of the critical frequency of the intermediate layer includes performing an analysis of the vibration frequencies of two bars subjected to an impact, one bar being a glass bar of 9 cm length and 3 cm width and the other bar being a laminated glass bar of the same dimensions and including two glass sheets of 4 mm thickness plus the intermediate layer of thickness d 1 equal, for example, to 2 mm. It is necessary to record the position of the respective resonance frequencies of the two bars and to compare the two resonance frequencies with one another.
  • the material constituting the intermediate layer is appropriate when its resonance frequency differs by less than 35% from that of the glass.
  • European Patent Application EP 0 844 075 proposes a different selection technique for the choice of an acoustically satisfactory intermediate layer.
  • the elastic component (or shear modulus) G′ and the loss angle tangent (or loss factor) tan ⁇ of the material are evaluated by means of an instrument known as a viscoanalyzer.
  • the viscoanalyzer is configured to subject a material specimen to deformation loads under precise temperature and frequency conditions, and in this way to obtain and process all of the rheological variables that characterize the material.
  • the raw data including the force, displacement and phase shift measurements as a function of frequency at each temperature allows the values of the shear modulus G′ and loss angle tangent tan ⁇ to be calculated. It has been shown that a good acoustic intermediate layer has a loss factor tan ⁇ greater than 0.6 and a shear modulus G′ of between 1 ⁇ 10 6 and 2 ⁇ 10 7 N/m 2 in a temperature range of between 10 and 60° C. and in a frequency range of between 50 and 10,000 Hz.
  • the intermediate layer of thickness d 1 being used is subjected to a tearing test, which we shall explain later in combination with a method for calculating the critical energy value J c .
  • This value ⁇ tilde over (J) ⁇ c is then compared with a reference value ⁇ tilde over (J) ⁇ ref , which corresponds to a material that perfectly satisfies the mechanical strength criteria in terms of safety for a reference thickness d ref .
  • the reference material is polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with reference thickness d ref equal to 0.38 mm.
  • the chosen intermediate layer is given a thickness d such that it is at least equal to d ref J ref /J c in order to satisfy the minimum mechanical strength criterion.
  • the tearing strength or critical energy J c is given in a known manner by an energy method based on the Rice integral J, which defines the energy localized at the tip of a crack in a film subjected to extremely intense stresses at the cracking location.
  • J 1/d 1 ( ⁇ U/ ⁇ a), for a given drawing increment or pull length ⁇ of the specimen under test, to be referred to hereinafter as displacement ⁇ , and where d 1 is the specimen thickness, a is the crack size, and U is the potential energy of the specimen.
  • Tensile tests by means of a tension-compression machine 2 are performed on several specimens, for example, four specimens Ex 1 to Ex 4 of the same material and of identical surface area equal to 100 mm 2 (50 mm long by 20 mm wide). Each specimen is notched on its sides at reference symbol 20 in a manner perpendicular to the tensile force, the crack length a being different for each specimen Ex 1 to Ex 4 and corresponding to 5, 8, 12 and 15 mm respectively.
  • Each specimen Ex is drawn or pulled perpendicular to cracks 20 at a drawing rate of 700 mm/min and over a given drawing length or distance ⁇ .
  • Curve C depicted in FIG. 3 is obtained following the steps explained in detail below.
  • the specimens are polyvinyl butyral films having a thickness of 0.38 mm.
  • the first step is to plot a curve C 1 for each of the specimens Ex 1 to Ex 4 (see FIG. 4), which represent the tensile force exerted on the specimen as a function of the drawing distance ⁇ undergone by the specimen.
  • the drawing distance ⁇ preferably ranges from 0 to 40 mm.
  • the potential energy U corresponding to a given displacement ⁇ is then deduced as a function of the size a to which the crack has grown relative to its initial size.
  • the measurement of the potential energy U is obtained by calculating the area A, which in FIG. 4 is equivalent to the shaded region under curve C 1 between 0 mm and the given displacement ⁇ , which in this case is 22 mm for the shaded region and corresponds to specimen Ex 4 .
  • Curve C 2 which is representative of the potential energy U, is a straight line. Consequently, the derivative ( ⁇ U/ ⁇ a) of energy J formulated in equation (1) is actually the slope of line C 2 and therefore equal to a constant. The value of J is calculated by dividing this constant by the thickness d 1 of the specimen.
  • curve C is plotted (see FIG. 3), which is representative of the energy J as a function of the displacement ⁇ .
  • This critical value J c of 35,100 J/m 2 for PVB constitutes the reference energy value J ref above which any energy value calculated far another material and according to the method explained hereinabove will be regarded as correct, to the effect that this material is capable of satisfying the mechanical strength criteria.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a series of three tests similar to that developed hereinabove on the change in the energy J as a function of the displacement ⁇ .
  • the single-ply intermediate layer found to be acoustically correct by testing also resists tearing by virtue of the composition of its material.
  • the material is a composite and includes in particular a polymer and reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers embedded in the polymer.
US09/847,395 2000-05-03 2001-05-03 Laminated glazing material Abandoned US20020006504A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/283,869 US7892629B2 (en) 2000-05-03 2005-11-22 Laminated glazing material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0005617A FR2808474B3 (fr) 2000-05-03 2000-05-03 Vitrage feuillete a proprietes de resistance mecanique et d'isolation acoustique
FR0005617 2000-05-03

Related Child Applications (1)

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US11/283,869 Division US7892629B2 (en) 2000-05-03 2005-11-22 Laminated glazing material

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US20020006504A1 true US20020006504A1 (en) 2002-01-17

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US09/847,395 Abandoned US20020006504A1 (en) 2000-05-03 2001-05-03 Laminated glazing material
US11/283,869 Expired - Lifetime US7892629B2 (en) 2000-05-03 2005-11-22 Laminated glazing material

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US (2) US20020006504A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1151855B9 (fr)
JP (2) JP4949567B2 (fr)
KR (2) KR100770657B1 (fr)
CN (2) CN1616370A (fr)
AT (1) ATE454264T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0101665B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60140980D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1151855T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2338985T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2808474B3 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA01004194A (fr)
PT (1) PT1151855E (fr)

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US7297407B2 (en) 2004-09-20 2007-11-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Glass laminates for reduction of sound transmission
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US20110200831A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2011-08-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Process for manufacturing a laminated glazing
US20120135248A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2012-05-31 Saint-Gobain Glass France Process for manufacturing a laminated glazing unit
US20150283959A1 (en) * 2010-08-24 2015-10-08 Saint-Gobain Glass France Method for selecting an interlayer for vibroacoustic damping, interlayer and glazing unit comprising such an interlayer
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KR20060060638A (ko) 2006-06-05
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JP4949567B2 (ja) 2012-06-13
ATE454264T1 (de) 2010-01-15
CN1616370A (zh) 2005-05-18
EP1413428A1 (fr) 2004-04-28
BR0101665B1 (pt) 2011-11-29
EP1151855B1 (fr) 2010-01-06
FR2808474A1 (fr) 2001-11-09
US7892629B2 (en) 2011-02-22
EP1151855B9 (fr) 2010-05-26
DE60140980D1 (de) 2010-02-25
KR100788868B1 (ko) 2007-12-27
KR100770657B1 (ko) 2007-10-29
FR2808474B3 (fr) 2002-05-31
KR20010102931A (ko) 2001-11-17
US20060070694A1 (en) 2006-04-06
ES2338985T3 (es) 2010-05-14
DK1151855T3 (da) 2010-05-10
EP1151855A2 (fr) 2001-11-07
EP1151855A3 (fr) 2002-06-12
BR0101665A (pt) 2001-12-18
CN1206184C (zh) 2005-06-15
PT1151855E (pt) 2010-04-07
CN1324776A (zh) 2001-12-05
JP2004292313A (ja) 2004-10-21

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