US20020006504A1 - Laminated glazing material - Google Patents
Laminated glazing material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020006504A1 US20020006504A1 US09/847,395 US84739501A US2002006504A1 US 20020006504 A1 US20020006504 A1 US 20020006504A1 US 84739501 A US84739501 A US 84739501A US 2002006504 A1 US2002006504 A1 US 2002006504A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- intermediate layer
- thickness
- ref
- laminated glazing
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
- Y10T428/3163—Next to acetal of polymerized unsaturated alcohol [e.g., formal butyral, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated glazing material with properties of acoustic insulation and mechanical strength.
- Laminated glazing materials are generally designed for use in vehicles and buildings to reduce the audibility of external noises within the interior. Laminated glazing materials also have major advantages in terms of their mechanical strength.
- an intermediate layer of a laminated glazing material advantageously permits part of the impact energy to be absorbed by viscous dissipation before the glass breaks.
- the function of the intermediate layer is also extremely important since it ensures that the structure will be largely preserved if the glass is completely cracked by virtue of adhesion of glass fragments to the film.
- the intermediate layer prevents projection of glass splinters, and consequent injury to persons in the vicinity of the broken glass.
- Laminated glazing materials are commonly constructed using polyvinyl butyral (PVB) due to the mechanical performances of this material. Nevertheless, PVB has poor acoustic characteristics. Accordingly, special resins are sometimes preferred for their improved acoustic performances.
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- European Patent EP-B-0 783 420 proposes the combination of a polyvinyl butyral film with a resin film having acoustic performances.
- the combination of two separate films leads to higher product costs and to an increase in the cost of producing the glazing material.
- the combination of multiple plies of material for the intermediate layer does not allow each material to be recycled individually from the surplus generally produced at the end of the manufacturing line, whereas the recycling operation can be readily employed to optimize production profitability when the intermediate layer is constructed of a single ply.
- the present invention advantageously provides, by appropriate choice of the material of the intermediate layer, a monolithic laminated glazing material, meaning that the intermediate layer thereof comprises a single ply, with properties of acoustic insulation and properties of mechanical strength conforming with those expected as regards safety in glazing materials for buildings or motor vehicles.
- the invention provides, according, to a first embodiment, a method of appraising criteria for choice of the material and of the thickness of the intermediate layer, which must have a minimum thickness in order to ensure sufficient mechanical strength.
- the laminated glazing material or the polymer film that must function as the intermediate layer in a laminated glazing material is characterized in that the intermediate layer has a thickness equal to at least d ref J ref /J cl where J c is the critical energy value specific to the material of the intermediate layer and representative of the energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the intermediate layer; J ref is a reference critical energy value which corresponds to the critical energy value of a polyvinyl butyral film (PVB) and is equal to 35,100 J/m 2 for a temperature of 20° C. and for a drawing rate of 100 mm/min applied to the PVB film; and d ref is a reference thickness which corresponds to that of the PVB film and is equal to 0.38 mm.
- J ref is a reference critical energy value which corresponds to the critical energy value of a polyvinyl butyral film (PVB) and is equal to 35,100 J/m 2 for a temperature of 20° C. and for a drawing rate of 100 mm/min applied to
- the glazing material is acoustically satisfactory when it meets improved acoustic property criteria defined by the fact that a bar of 9 cm length and 3 cm width, made of laminated glass comprising two glass sheets of 4 mm thickness joined by the 2 mm thick intermediate layer, has a critical frequency which differs at most by 35% from that of a glass bar having the same length, the same width and a thickness of 4 mm.
- the single-ply intermediate layer is characterized in that its material is composite, comprising in particular a polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded in the polymer.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated glazing material provided with a single intermediate film according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a testing device for evaluating the tearing strength of the intermediate layer
- FIG. 3 is a graphic representation of the evolution of the crack tip energy of a crack made in the intermediate layer
- FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of the tensile force exerted on the intermediate layer as a function of the drawing distance of the intermediate layer;
- FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of the potential energy of the intermediate layer as a function of the drawing distance of the intermediate layer.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the satisfactory reproducibility of a tearing test.
- FIG. 1 depicts a laminated glazing material according to the present invention.
- the laminated glazing material includes two glass sheets 10 and 11 , and an intermediate polymer film 12 .
- the glass sheets 10 and 11 have, for example, a thickness of 6 and 4 mm respectively, while the thickness d of the intermediate layer 12 can be variable.
- the thickness d is chosen based upon the type of material chosen to construct the intermediate layer 12 .
- the thickness d that is established for the intermediate layer 12 depends upon the tearing strength of the material used to construct the intermediate layer.
- the tearing strength is specific to each material, and is characterized by an energy value representative of the energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the material. This energy value, known as critical energy J c (expressed in J/m 2 ), is different for each type of material and is independent of the film thickness.
- the tearing strength of the material which will therefore be identified directly in terms of the critical energy J c , is evaluated only after appraisal of the acoustic performance of the material.
- the present invention preferably first selects a material which is adequate in regards to satisfying the criteria of acoustic insulation, and then secondarily tests the tearing strength performance of the selected material in order to deduce therefrom the thickness d necessary to satisfy the mechanical strength criteria.
- the intermediate layer must satisfy the critical frequency condition formulated in European Patent EP-B-0 100 701.
- the principle of measurement of the critical frequency of the intermediate layer includes performing an analysis of the vibration frequencies of two bars subjected to an impact, one bar being a glass bar of 9 cm length and 3 cm width and the other bar being a laminated glass bar of the same dimensions and including two glass sheets of 4 mm thickness plus the intermediate layer of thickness d 1 equal, for example, to 2 mm. It is necessary to record the position of the respective resonance frequencies of the two bars and to compare the two resonance frequencies with one another.
- the material constituting the intermediate layer is appropriate when its resonance frequency differs by less than 35% from that of the glass.
- European Patent Application EP 0 844 075 proposes a different selection technique for the choice of an acoustically satisfactory intermediate layer.
- the elastic component (or shear modulus) G′ and the loss angle tangent (or loss factor) tan ⁇ of the material are evaluated by means of an instrument known as a viscoanalyzer.
- the viscoanalyzer is configured to subject a material specimen to deformation loads under precise temperature and frequency conditions, and in this way to obtain and process all of the rheological variables that characterize the material.
- the raw data including the force, displacement and phase shift measurements as a function of frequency at each temperature allows the values of the shear modulus G′ and loss angle tangent tan ⁇ to be calculated. It has been shown that a good acoustic intermediate layer has a loss factor tan ⁇ greater than 0.6 and a shear modulus G′ of between 1 ⁇ 10 6 and 2 ⁇ 10 7 N/m 2 in a temperature range of between 10 and 60° C. and in a frequency range of between 50 and 10,000 Hz.
- the intermediate layer of thickness d 1 being used is subjected to a tearing test, which we shall explain later in combination with a method for calculating the critical energy value J c .
- This value ⁇ tilde over (J) ⁇ c is then compared with a reference value ⁇ tilde over (J) ⁇ ref , which corresponds to a material that perfectly satisfies the mechanical strength criteria in terms of safety for a reference thickness d ref .
- the reference material is polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with reference thickness d ref equal to 0.38 mm.
- the chosen intermediate layer is given a thickness d such that it is at least equal to d ref J ref /J c in order to satisfy the minimum mechanical strength criterion.
- the tearing strength or critical energy J c is given in a known manner by an energy method based on the Rice integral J, which defines the energy localized at the tip of a crack in a film subjected to extremely intense stresses at the cracking location.
- J 1/d 1 ( ⁇ U/ ⁇ a), for a given drawing increment or pull length ⁇ of the specimen under test, to be referred to hereinafter as displacement ⁇ , and where d 1 is the specimen thickness, a is the crack size, and U is the potential energy of the specimen.
- Tensile tests by means of a tension-compression machine 2 are performed on several specimens, for example, four specimens Ex 1 to Ex 4 of the same material and of identical surface area equal to 100 mm 2 (50 mm long by 20 mm wide). Each specimen is notched on its sides at reference symbol 20 in a manner perpendicular to the tensile force, the crack length a being different for each specimen Ex 1 to Ex 4 and corresponding to 5, 8, 12 and 15 mm respectively.
- Each specimen Ex is drawn or pulled perpendicular to cracks 20 at a drawing rate of 700 mm/min and over a given drawing length or distance ⁇ .
- Curve C depicted in FIG. 3 is obtained following the steps explained in detail below.
- the specimens are polyvinyl butyral films having a thickness of 0.38 mm.
- the first step is to plot a curve C 1 for each of the specimens Ex 1 to Ex 4 (see FIG. 4), which represent the tensile force exerted on the specimen as a function of the drawing distance ⁇ undergone by the specimen.
- the drawing distance ⁇ preferably ranges from 0 to 40 mm.
- the potential energy U corresponding to a given displacement ⁇ is then deduced as a function of the size a to which the crack has grown relative to its initial size.
- the measurement of the potential energy U is obtained by calculating the area A, which in FIG. 4 is equivalent to the shaded region under curve C 1 between 0 mm and the given displacement ⁇ , which in this case is 22 mm for the shaded region and corresponds to specimen Ex 4 .
- Curve C 2 which is representative of the potential energy U, is a straight line. Consequently, the derivative ( ⁇ U/ ⁇ a) of energy J formulated in equation (1) is actually the slope of line C 2 and therefore equal to a constant. The value of J is calculated by dividing this constant by the thickness d 1 of the specimen.
- curve C is plotted (see FIG. 3), which is representative of the energy J as a function of the displacement ⁇ .
- This critical value J c of 35,100 J/m 2 for PVB constitutes the reference energy value J ref above which any energy value calculated far another material and according to the method explained hereinabove will be regarded as correct, to the effect that this material is capable of satisfying the mechanical strength criteria.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a series of three tests similar to that developed hereinabove on the change in the energy J as a function of the displacement ⁇ .
- the single-ply intermediate layer found to be acoustically correct by testing also resists tearing by virtue of the composition of its material.
- the material is a composite and includes in particular a polymer and reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers embedded in the polymer.
Landscapes
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Abstract
A laminated glazing material with properties of acoustic insulation and mechanical strength. The laminated glazing material including two glass sheets and a single-ply intermediate layer of a thickness having the form of a polymer film. The thickness of the intermediate layer being defined as a function of a variable which is specific to the material, and which defines the critical energy value of the intermediate layer and is representative of the energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the intermediate layer.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a laminated glazing material with properties of acoustic insulation and mechanical strength.
- 2. Discussion of the Background
- Laminated glazing materials are generally designed for use in vehicles and buildings to reduce the audibility of external noises within the interior. Laminated glazing materials also have major advantages in terms of their mechanical strength. In fact, in the event of an impact, an intermediate layer of a laminated glazing material advantageously permits part of the impact energy to be absorbed by viscous dissipation before the glass breaks. The function of the intermediate layer is also extremely important since it ensures that the structure will be largely preserved if the glass is completely cracked by virtue of adhesion of glass fragments to the film. Thus, the intermediate layer prevents projection of glass splinters, and consequent injury to persons in the vicinity of the broken glass.
- Laminated glazing materials are commonly constructed using polyvinyl butyral (PVB) due to the mechanical performances of this material. Nevertheless, PVB has poor acoustic characteristics. Accordingly, special resins are sometimes preferred for their improved acoustic performances.
- The choice of resin for laminated glass constitutes an important criterion for sound insulation of the glazing material. This choice can be made using a method for determining the critical frequency of the laminated glass and comparing the result with the critical frequency of a glass bar. Such a method is described in European Patent EP-B-0 100 701. In this patent a resin is considered to be suitable if a bar of 9 cm length and 3 cm width made of laminated glass including two glass sheets of 4 mm thickness joined by a 2 mm layer of the resin has a critical frequency which differs at most by 35% from that of a glass bar of 4 mm thickness having the same length and the same width.
- However, resins with high acoustic performances do not always have the mechanical properties necessary for the conditions in which the laminated glass will be utilized.
- For the purpose of combining both acoustic and mechanical properties, European Patent EP-B-0 783 420 proposes the combination of a polyvinyl butyral film with a resin film having acoustic performances. The combination of two separate films, however, leads to higher product costs and to an increase in the cost of producing the glazing material. In fact, the combination of multiple plies of material for the intermediate layer does not allow each material to be recycled individually from the surplus generally produced at the end of the manufacturing line, whereas the recycling operation can be readily employed to optimize production profitability when the intermediate layer is constructed of a single ply.
- In an effort to eliminate these disadvantages, the inventors have constructed a laminated glazing material with properties of mechanical strength and acoustic insulation.
- The present invention advantageously provides, by appropriate choice of the material of the intermediate layer, a monolithic laminated glazing material, meaning that the intermediate layer thereof comprises a single ply, with properties of acoustic insulation and properties of mechanical strength conforming with those expected as regards safety in glazing materials for buildings or motor vehicles.
- To this end, the invention provides, according, to a first embodiment, a method of appraising criteria for choice of the material and of the thickness of the intermediate layer, which must have a minimum thickness in order to ensure sufficient mechanical strength.
- According to the invention, the laminated glazing material or the polymer film that must function as the intermediate layer in a laminated glazing material is characterized in that the intermediate layer has a thickness equal to at least drefJref/Jcl where Jc is the critical energy value specific to the material of the intermediate layer and representative of the energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the intermediate layer; Jref is a reference critical energy value which corresponds to the critical energy value of a polyvinyl butyral film (PVB) and is equal to 35,100 J/m2 for a temperature of 20° C. and for a drawing rate of 100 mm/min applied to the PVB film; and dref is a reference thickness which corresponds to that of the PVB film and is equal to 0.38 mm.
- According to one characteristic, the glazing material is acoustically satisfactory when it meets improved acoustic property criteria defined by the fact that a bar of 9 cm length and 3 cm width, made of laminated glass comprising two glass sheets of 4 mm thickness joined by the 2 mm thick intermediate layer, has a critical frequency which differs at most by 35% from that of a glass bar having the same length, the same width and a thickness of 4 mm.
- In addition, the process according to the invention for evaluating the tearing strength of a polymer film of thickness d1, intended to constitute the intermediate layer of a laminated glazing material, is characterized in that: the critical energy value Jc of the intermediate layer is determined, this value being representative of the energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the intermediate layer; the critical energy value {tilde over (J)}c, relative to the thickness, as defined by the relationship {tilde over (J)}c=Jc d1, is calculated; {tilde over (J)}c is compared with a reference value {tilde over (J)}ref, which is representative of a PVB film of 0.38 mm thickness and is equal to 13.3 J/m; the intermediate layer satisfying the tearing strength criterion when {tilde over (J)}c>{tilde over (J)}ref.
- According to a second embodiment, which is not based on the thickness that the film must have to achieve mechanical strength, the single-ply intermediate layer is characterized in that its material is composite, comprising in particular a polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded in the polymer.
- A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will become readily apparent with reference to the following detailed description, particularly when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated glazing material provided with a single intermediate film according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a testing device for evaluating the tearing strength of the intermediate layer;
- FIG. 3 is a graphic representation of the evolution of the crack tip energy of a crack made in the intermediate layer;
- FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of the tensile force exerted on the intermediate layer as a function of the drawing distance of the intermediate layer;
- FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of the potential energy of the intermediate layer as a function of the drawing distance of the intermediate layer; and
- FIG. 6 illustrates the satisfactory reproducibility of a tearing test.
- FIG. 1 depicts a laminated glazing material according to the present invention. The laminated glazing material includes two
glass sheets intermediate polymer film 12. Theglass sheets intermediate layer 12 can be variable. The thickness d is chosen based upon the type of material chosen to construct theintermediate layer 12. - The thickness d that is established for the
intermediate layer 12 depends upon the tearing strength of the material used to construct the intermediate layer. The tearing strength is specific to each material, and is characterized by an energy value representative of the energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the material. This energy value, known as critical energy Jc (expressed in J/m2), is different for each type of material and is independent of the film thickness. - The tearing strength of the material, which will therefore be identified directly in terms of the critical energy Jc, is evaluated only after appraisal of the acoustic performance of the material. In fact, the present invention preferably first selects a material which is adequate in regards to satisfying the criteria of acoustic insulation, and then secondarily tests the tearing strength performance of the selected material in order to deduce therefrom the thickness d necessary to satisfy the mechanical strength criteria.
- To meet the acoustic performance criteria, the intermediate layer must satisfy the critical frequency condition formulated in European Patent EP-B-0 100 701. The principle of measurement of the critical frequency of the intermediate layer includes performing an analysis of the vibration frequencies of two bars subjected to an impact, one bar being a glass bar of 9 cm length and 3 cm width and the other bar being a laminated glass bar of the same dimensions and including two glass sheets of 4 mm thickness plus the intermediate layer of thickness d1 equal, for example, to 2 mm. It is necessary to record the position of the respective resonance frequencies of the two bars and to compare the two resonance frequencies with one another. The material constituting the intermediate layer is appropriate when its resonance frequency differs by less than 35% from that of the glass.
- As an alternative embodiment, European
Patent Application EP 0 844 075 proposes a different selection technique for the choice of an acoustically satisfactory intermediate layer. In this case the elastic component (or shear modulus) G′ and the loss angle tangent (or loss factor) tan δ of the material are evaluated by means of an instrument known as a viscoanalyzer. - The viscoanalyzer is configured to subject a material specimen to deformation loads under precise temperature and frequency conditions, and in this way to obtain and process all of the rheological variables that characterize the material. The raw data including the force, displacement and phase shift measurements as a function of frequency at each temperature allows the values of the shear modulus G′ and loss angle tangent tan δ to be calculated. It has been shown that a good acoustic intermediate layer has a loss factor tan δ greater than 0.6 and a shear modulus G′ of between 1×106 and 2×107 N/m2 in a temperature range of between 10 and 60° C. and in a frequency range of between 50 and 10,000 Hz.
- Once the material of the intermediate layer has been chosen by virtue of its acoustic performance, it is necessary to determine the material's mechanical strength as expressed by the tearing resistance. For this purpose, the intermediate layer of thickness d1 being used is subjected to a tearing test, which we shall explain later in combination with a method for calculating the critical energy value Jc.
- After evaluation of the critical energy value Jc specific to the chosen material, the critical energy {tilde over (J)}c of the intermediate layer relative to the thickness d1 (expressed in J/m) is calculated from the formula {tilde over (J)}c=Jc d1. This value {tilde over (J)}c is then compared with a reference value {tilde over (J)}ref, which corresponds to a material that perfectly satisfies the mechanical strength criteria in terms of safety for a reference thickness dref. The reference material is polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with reference thickness dref equal to 0.38 mm.
- If the comparison result satisfies the rule {tilde over (J)}c≧{tilde over (J)}ref, then the chosen intermediate layer of thickness d1 is suitable.
- Otherwise the chosen intermediate layer is given a thickness d such that it is at least equal to drefJref/Jc in order to satisfy the minimum mechanical strength criterion.
- The tearing strength or critical energy Jc is given in a known manner by an energy method based on the Rice integral J, which defines the energy localized at the tip of a crack in a film subjected to extremely intense stresses at the cracking location. In simplified mathematical form, it is written as (1): J=1/d1 (ΔU/Δa), for a given drawing increment or pull length δ of the specimen under test, to be referred to hereinafter as displacement δ, and where d1 is the specimen thickness, a is the crack size, and U is the potential energy of the specimen.
- The method advanced below far calculating the crack tip (or root) energy J is that developed by Tielking.
- The experimental device as illustrated in FIG. 2 is described below.
- Tensile tests by means of a tension-compression machine2 are performed on several specimens, for example, four specimens Ex1 to Ex4 of the same material and of identical surface area equal to 100 mm2 (50 mm long by 20 mm wide). Each specimen is notched on its sides at
reference symbol 20 in a manner perpendicular to the tensile force, the crack length a being different for each specimen Ex1 to Ex4 and corresponding to 5, 8, 12 and 15 mm respectively. - Each specimen Ex is drawn or pulled perpendicular to
cracks 20 at a drawing rate of 700 mm/min and over a given drawing length or distance δ. - Using this method it is possible to plot a curve (see FIG. 3) of evolution of the crack tip energy J as a function of the drawing increment or displacement δ undergone by the specimen. And by virtue of this curve, it is possible to determine the critical energy J of initiation of tearing of the specimen. It is therefore at the critical value Jc that the material tears and is consequently mechanically damaged.
- Curve C depicted in FIG. 3 is obtained following the steps explained in detail below. The specimens are polyvinyl butyral films having a thickness of 0.38 mm.
- The first step is to plot a curve C1 for each of the specimens Ex1 to Ex4 (see FIG. 4), which represent the tensile force exerted on the specimen as a function of the drawing distance δ undergone by the specimen. The drawing distance δ preferably ranges from 0 to 40 mm.
- By virtue of the curves C1 of the specimens, the potential energy U corresponding to a given displacement δ is then deduced as a function of the size a to which the crack has grown relative to its initial size. The measurement of the potential energy U is obtained by calculating the area A, which in FIG. 4 is equivalent to the shaded region under curve C1 between 0 mm and the given displacement δ, which in this case is 22 mm for the shaded region and corresponds to specimen Ex4.
- Eight displacements δ ranging from 3 mm to 22 mm were considered. For each of the eight displacements it is then possible to plot a curve C2, as illustrated in FIG. 5, and which represents the potential energy as a function of the size a to which the crack has grown.
- Curve C2, which is representative of the potential energy U, is a straight line. Consequently, the derivative (ΔU/Δa) of energy J formulated in equation (1) is actually the slope of line C2 and therefore equal to a constant. The value of J is calculated by dividing this constant by the thickness d1 of the specimen.
- After calculation of each of the slopes corresponding to the eight displacements, curve C is plotted (see FIG. 3), which is representative of the energy J as a function of the displacement δ.
- By means of a video camera which displays the propagation of the
crack 20, it is possible to detect the displacement δc at which tearing of the specimen begins. By means of curve C, the corresponding value of the critical energy Jc is then deduced from this displacement δc. - This method has been applied, as an example, to the mechanically satisfactory PVB film constituting the reference film of 0.38 mm thickness. Tearing occurred for a displacement δc of 12 mm, from which it may be conclude that the critical energy value Jc is equal to 35,100 J/m2, under experimental conditions where the temperature was 20° C. and the drawing rate was 100 mm/min.
- This critical value Jc of 35,100 J/m2 for PVB constitutes the reference energy value Jref above which any energy value calculated far another material and according to the method explained hereinabove will be regarded as correct, to the effect that this material is capable of satisfying the mechanical strength criteria.
- The chosen acoustically satisfactory material is subjected to the same tearing strength test explained hereinabove in order to calculate its specific critical energy value Jc. Thereafter, as already explained hereinabove, its critical energy {tilde over (J)}c (Jc d1) relative to its thickness is calculated in order to compare it with the PVB reference value, or in other words {tilde over (J)}ref=Jref×0.38=35,100×0.38=13.3 J/m, and to deduce therefrom the adequate thickness d when the thickness d1 is insufficient.
- It is noteworthy that, by virtue of its ease of use, the Tielking method will be preferred to other methods, such as that of Hashemi. In addition, it is reliable, since it is reproducible with a mean error of 8% in terms of the overall variation of the energy J as a function of the displacement. FIG. 6 illustrates a series of three tests similar to that developed hereinabove on the change in the energy J as a function of the displacement δ.
- According to a second embodiment, which is not based necessarily on the thickness that the film must have to achieve mechanical strength, the single-ply intermediate layer found to be acoustically correct by testing also resists tearing by virtue of the composition of its material. The material is a composite and includes in particular a polymer and reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers embedded in the polymer.
- It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments depicted and described herein set forth the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not meant to limit the scope of the claims hereto in any way.
- Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
Claims (9)
1. A laminated glazing material with properties of acoustic insulation and mechanical strength, said glazing material comprising two glass sheets and a single-ply intermediate layer in the form of a polymeric film and having a thickness, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer is equal to at least dref Jref/Jc, where:
Jc is a critical energy value specific to a material of the intermediate layer and representative of an energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the intermediate layer;
Jref is a reference critical energy value which corresponds to a critical energy value of a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film and is equal to 35,100 J/m2 for a temperature of 20° C. and for a drawing rate of 100 mm/min applied to the PVB film; and
dref is a reference thickness which corresponds to that of the PVB film and is equal to 0.38 mm.
2. The laminated glazing material according to claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer satisfies acoustic property criteria defined by a bar of 9 cm length and 3 cm width, made of laminated glass comprising two glass sheets of 4 mm thickness joined by the intermediate layer having a thickness of 2 mm, has a critical frequency which differs at most by 35% from that of a glass bar having a same length, a same width and a thickness of 4 mm.
3. The laminated glazing material according to claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer has a loss factor greater than 0.6 and a shear modulus of between 1×108 and 2×107 N/m2 in a temperature range of between 10 and 60° C. and in a frequency range of between 50 and 10,000 Hz.
4. A laminated glazing material with properties of acoustic insulation and mechanical strength, said laminated glazing material comprising two glass sheets and a single-ply intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer is made of a composite material, said composite material comprising a polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded in the polymer.
5. The laminated glazing material according to claim 4 , wherein the intermediate layer satisfies acoustic property criteria defined by a bar of 9 cm length and 3 cm width, made of laminated glass comprising two glass sheets of 4 mm thickness joined by the intermediate layer having a thickness of 2 mm, has a critical frequency which differs at most by 35% from that of a glass bar having a same length, a same width and a thickness of 4 mm.
6. The laminated glazing material according to claim 4 , wherein the intermediate layer has a loss factor greater than 0.6 and a shear modulus of between 1×108 and 2×107 N/m2 in a temperature range of between 10 and 60° C. and in a frequency range of between 50 and 10,000 Hz.
7. A polymer film having a thickness for use as an intermediate layer of a laminated glazing material, wherein the thickness is equal to at least drefJref/Jc, where:
Jc is a critical energy value specific to a material of the intermediate layer and representative of an energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the intermediate layer;
Jref is a reference critical energy value which corresponds to the critical energy value of a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film and is equal to 35,100 J/m2 for a temperature of 20° C. and for a drawing rate of 100 mm/min applied to the PVB film; and
dref is a reference thickness which corresponds to that of the PVB film and is equal to 0.38 mm.
8. A polymer film for use as an intermediate layer of a laminated glazing material, wherein the polymer film is a composite comprising a polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded in the polymer.
9. A process for evaluating a tearing strength of a polymer film of thickness d1, for use as an intermediate layer of a laminated glazing material, said process comprising the steps of:
determining a critical energy value Jc of the intermediate layer, the critical energy value representing an energy necessary for propagation of a crack initiated in the intermediate layer;
calculating a critical energy value {tilde over (J)}c relative to the thickness using a relationship {tilde over (J)}c=Jcd1;
comparing {tilde over (J)}c with a reference value {tilde over (J)}ref, representative of a polyvinyl butyral film of 0.38 mm thickness and equal to 13.3 J/m; and
determining when the intermediate layer satisfies a tearing strength criterion when {tilde over (J)}c>{tilde over (J)}ref.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/283,869 US7892629B2 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2005-11-22 | Laminated glazing material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0005617 | 2000-05-03 | ||
FR0005617A FR2808474B3 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2000-05-03 | SHEET GLAZING WITH MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND SOUND INSULATION PROPERTIES |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/283,869 Division US7892629B2 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2005-11-22 | Laminated glazing material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020006504A1 true US20020006504A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
Family
ID=8849824
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/847,395 Abandoned US20020006504A1 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2001-05-03 | Laminated glazing material |
US11/283,869 Expired - Lifetime US7892629B2 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2005-11-22 | Laminated glazing material |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/283,869 Expired - Lifetime US7892629B2 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2005-11-22 | Laminated glazing material |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20020006504A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1151855B9 (en) |
JP (2) | JP4949567B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR100770657B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN1616370A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE454264T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0101665B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60140980D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1151855T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2338985T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2808474B3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA01004194A (en) |
PT (1) | PT1151855E (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1657092A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2006-05-17 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Laminated glass and intermediate film for laminated glass |
US7297407B2 (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2007-11-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Glass laminates for reduction of sound transmission |
US20080056505A1 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2008-03-06 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Strip with acoustic damping properties |
US20080280076A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-13 | Richard Allen Hayes | Decorative safety glass |
US20080318028A1 (en) * | 2006-01-03 | 2008-12-25 | Pilkington Group Limited | Glazings |
US20110200831A1 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2011-08-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Process for manufacturing a laminated glazing |
US20120135248A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-05-31 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Process for manufacturing a laminated glazing unit |
US20150283959A1 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2015-10-08 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Method for selecting an interlayer for vibroacoustic damping, interlayer and glazing unit comprising such an interlayer |
US20170257865A1 (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-09-07 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and system for multi-protocol transmissions |
US20210187901A1 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2021-06-24 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Composite glass pane |
US20210221101A1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2021-07-22 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Laminated vehicle glazing having a stiff interlayer |
US11396162B2 (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2022-07-26 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass |
Families Citing this family (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2838517B1 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2004-09-10 | Saint Gobain | METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF A LID |
DE102004000053A1 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2006-05-24 | Kuraray Specialities Europe Gmbh | Compound glazing with high energy absorption and suitable intermediate layer films |
KR100696663B1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-03-19 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Multi-layered substrate for display and display comprising the same |
KR100658679B1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2006-12-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Multi-layered substrate for display and display comprising the same |
KR100696632B1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-03-19 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Multi-layerd substrate for display and display device comprising the same |
KR100658678B1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2006-12-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Multi-layerd substrate for display and display device comprising the same |
FR2901174B1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2013-01-11 | Saint Gobain | ACOUSTIC SHEET GLAZING, ACOUSTIC INTERCALING AND METHOD OF SELECTING THE INTERCALAR FOR OPTIMAL ACOUSTIC DAMPING |
CA2686529C (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2016-06-28 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Acoustic glazing element |
US8673163B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2014-03-18 | Apple Inc. | Method for fabricating thin sheets of glass |
US7810355B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2010-10-12 | Apple Inc. | Full perimeter chemical strengthening of substrates |
US20110019354A1 (en) * | 2009-03-02 | 2011-01-27 | Christopher Prest | Techniques for Strengthening Glass Covers for Portable Electronic Devices |
WO2010101961A2 (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2010-09-10 | Apple Inc. | Techniques for strengthening glass covers for portable electronic devices |
FR2944521B1 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2012-08-24 | Saint Gobain | METHOD FOR DIMENSIONING LAMINATED GLAZING AND LAMINATED GLAZING |
FR2945765B1 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2011-06-24 | Saint Gobain | METHOD FOR SELECTING AN INTERCALAR FOR A VIBRO-ACOUSTIC DAMPER, INTERCALAR FOR A VIBRO-ACOUSTIC DAMPER AND GLAZING COMPRISING SUCH AN INTERCALAR |
US9778685B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2017-10-03 | Apple Inc. | Housing for portable electronic device with reduced border region |
US9213451B2 (en) | 2010-06-04 | 2015-12-15 | Apple Inc. | Thin glass for touch panel sensors and methods therefor |
US8923693B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2014-12-30 | Apple Inc. | Electronic device having selectively strengthened cover glass |
US10189743B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2019-01-29 | Apple Inc. | Enhanced strengthening of glass |
US8873028B2 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2014-10-28 | Apple Inc. | Non-destructive stress profile determination in chemically tempered glass |
US8824140B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2014-09-02 | Apple Inc. | Glass enclosure |
US20120094084A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | William Keith Fisher | Chemically-strengthened glass laminates |
US10781135B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2020-09-22 | Apple Inc. | Strengthening variable thickness glass |
US9725359B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2017-08-08 | Apple Inc. | Electronic device having selectively strengthened glass |
US9128666B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2015-09-08 | Apple Inc. | Housing for portable electronic device with reduced border region |
US9616641B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2017-04-11 | Corning Incorporated | Light-weight hybrid glass laminates |
US10035331B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2018-07-31 | Corning Incorporated | Light-weight hybrid glass laminates |
US9944554B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2018-04-17 | Apple Inc. | Perforated mother sheet for partial edge chemical strengthening and method therefor |
US9516149B2 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2016-12-06 | Apple Inc. | Multi-layer transparent structures for electronic device housings |
US10144669B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2018-12-04 | Apple Inc. | Self-optimizing chemical strengthening bath for glass |
US10133156B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2018-11-20 | Apple Inc. | Fused opaque and clear glass for camera or display window |
US8684613B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2014-04-01 | Apple Inc. | Integrated camera window |
US8773848B2 (en) | 2012-01-25 | 2014-07-08 | Apple Inc. | Fused glass device housings |
WO2013181484A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Corning Incorporated | Stiff interlayers for laminated glass structures |
US9946302B2 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2018-04-17 | Apple Inc. | Exposed glass article with inner recessed area for portable electronic device housing |
US9459661B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2016-10-04 | Apple Inc. | Camouflaged openings in electronic device housings |
CN109334171B (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2022-03-29 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Lightweight, high stiffness glass laminate structure |
US9886062B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2018-02-06 | Apple Inc. | Exposed glass article with enhanced stiffness for portable electronic device housing |
US10350861B2 (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2019-07-16 | Corning Incorporated | Laminate structures with enhanced damping properties |
CN106277853A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 常熟市赛蒂镶嵌玻璃制品有限公司 | Laminated glass |
JP6872158B2 (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2021-05-19 | Agc株式会社 | Sound insulation board |
CN106746759B (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-03-23 | 何新桥 | The heat-insulated of nano-silicon gallium, implosion guard and preparation method thereof |
CN110118854A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-13 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | A kind of determination method of PVB laminated glass snowflake degumming safety margins |
WO2020228023A1 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-19 | 信义汽车玻璃(深圳)有限公司 | Method for manufacturing electric heating film, electric heating film, and electrically heated laminated glass |
CN111746078B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-07-22 | 无锡吉兴汽车声学部件科技有限公司 | Automobile front wall silencing part and preparation method thereof |
CN112874072A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-01 | 邵文荣 | Laminated colored glaze for architectural decoration and manufacturing process thereof |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5598669A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1997-02-04 | Saint Gobain Vitrage International "Les Miroirs" | Acoustic insulating box |
US5908704A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-06-01 | Norton Performance Plastics Corporation | Interlayer film for protective glazing laminates |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2529609A1 (en) | 1982-07-05 | 1984-01-06 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | MULTIPLE GLAZING WITH THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION PROPERTIES |
GB8828634D0 (en) | 1988-12-08 | 1989-01-11 | Glaverbel | Composite glazing panel |
FR2644112B1 (en) | 1989-03-10 | 1991-05-10 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | |
JPH03124733A (en) * | 1989-10-09 | 1991-05-28 | Nippon Monsanto Kk | Polyvinyl butyral interlayer for laminated glass |
JPH03124440A (en) | 1989-10-09 | 1991-05-28 | Nippon Monsanto Kk | Polyvinyl butyral interliner for laminated glass |
JPH03124000A (en) * | 1989-10-09 | 1991-05-27 | Toshiba Corp | Parking place guide device |
JPH05310039A (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 1993-11-22 | Nippon Jidosha Kenkyusho | Windowpane for automobile |
DE69526461D1 (en) | 1994-01-18 | 2002-05-23 | Libbey Owens Ford Co | Laminated glass unit |
FR2725399B1 (en) | 1994-10-06 | 1996-11-08 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | SAFETY GLASS |
DE4436618A1 (en) | 1994-10-13 | 1996-04-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electro-hydraulic pressure adjustment device, in particular for a slip-controlled vehicle brake system |
CN1179130A (en) | 1995-03-24 | 1998-04-15 | 福特汽车公司 | Method to fabricate shaped laminated glass panes |
US5759220A (en) | 1995-03-24 | 1998-06-02 | Ford Motor Company | Method to fabricate shaped laminated glass panes |
SG42380A1 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 1997-08-15 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | An interlayer film and laminated glass using the same |
FR2738772B1 (en) * | 1995-09-15 | 1997-10-24 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | GLAZING SOUND INSULATION SHEET |
US6159608A (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2000-12-12 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Thermoplastic interlayer film |
FR2755685B1 (en) | 1996-11-14 | 1999-01-08 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | MULTIPLE GLAZING WITH SOUND AND THERMAL INSULATION PROPERTIES |
ES2183106T5 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 2016-09-29 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Use of a laminated glazing for the damping of vibrations of solid origin in a vehicle |
US5796055A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 1998-08-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Sound absorbing article and method of making same |
-
2000
- 2000-05-03 FR FR0005617A patent/FR2808474B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-26 MX MXPA01004194A patent/MXPA01004194A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-27 DK DK01110481.7T patent/DK1151855T3/en active
- 2001-04-27 DE DE60140980T patent/DE60140980D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-27 EP EP01110481A patent/EP1151855B9/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-27 ES ES01110481T patent/ES2338985T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-27 EP EP04002133A patent/EP1413428A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-27 AT AT01110481T patent/ATE454264T1/en active
- 2001-05-02 CN CNA2004100905630A patent/CN1616370A/en active Pending
- 2001-05-02 BR BRPI0101665-2A patent/BR0101665B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-02 PT PT01110481T patent/PT1151855E/en unknown
- 2001-05-02 CN CNB011216948A patent/CN1206184C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-03 KR KR1020010024162A patent/KR100770657B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-05-03 US US09/847,395 patent/US20020006504A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-07 JP JP2001136254A patent/JP4949567B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-07-05 JP JP2004198251A patent/JP2004292313A/en active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-11-22 US US11/283,869 patent/US7892629B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-04-27 KR KR1020060038116A patent/KR100788868B1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5598669A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1997-02-04 | Saint Gobain Vitrage International "Les Miroirs" | Acoustic insulating box |
US5908704A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-06-01 | Norton Performance Plastics Corporation | Interlayer film for protective glazing laminates |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080056505A1 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2008-03-06 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Strip with acoustic damping properties |
US7640808B2 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2010-01-05 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Strip with acoustic damping properties |
EP2522691A3 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2013-03-20 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Laminated glass and interlayer film for laminated glasses |
EP1657092A4 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2009-11-11 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | Laminated glass and intermediate film for laminated glass |
US20100209716A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2010-08-19 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Laminated glass and interlayer film for laminated glasses |
EP1657092A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2006-05-17 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Laminated glass and intermediate film for laminated glass |
US7297407B2 (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2007-11-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Glass laminates for reduction of sound transmission |
US20070298264A1 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2007-12-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Neour And Company | Glass laminates for reduction of sound transmission |
US7754338B2 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2010-07-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Glass laminates for reduction of sound transmission |
US20080318028A1 (en) * | 2006-01-03 | 2008-12-25 | Pilkington Group Limited | Glazings |
US20080280076A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-13 | Richard Allen Hayes | Decorative safety glass |
US20110200831A1 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2011-08-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Process for manufacturing a laminated glazing |
US8683871B2 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2014-04-01 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Process for manufacturing a laminated glazing |
US20120135248A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-05-31 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Process for manufacturing a laminated glazing unit |
US8959770B2 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2015-02-24 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Process for manufacturing a laminated glazing unit |
US20150283959A1 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2015-10-08 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Method for selecting an interlayer for vibroacoustic damping, interlayer and glazing unit comprising such an interlayer |
US9733173B2 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2017-08-15 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Method for selecting an interlayer for vibroacoustic damping, interlayer and glazing unit comprising such an interlayer |
US20170257865A1 (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-09-07 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and system for multi-protocol transmissions |
US11396162B2 (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2022-07-26 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass |
US20210221101A1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2021-07-22 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Laminated vehicle glazing having a stiff interlayer |
US11639048B2 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2023-05-02 | Acr Ii Glass America Inc. | Laminated vehicle glazing having a stiff interlayer |
US20210187901A1 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2021-06-24 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Composite glass pane |
US11660837B2 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2023-05-30 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Composite glass pane |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE454264T1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
PT1151855E (en) | 2010-04-07 |
EP1151855B9 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
KR100788868B1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
CN1324776A (en) | 2001-12-05 |
BR0101665A (en) | 2001-12-18 |
CN1616370A (en) | 2005-05-18 |
FR2808474B3 (en) | 2002-05-31 |
EP1413428A1 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
JP2004292313A (en) | 2004-10-21 |
JP2002029790A (en) | 2002-01-29 |
EP1151855B1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
DK1151855T3 (en) | 2010-05-10 |
EP1151855A3 (en) | 2002-06-12 |
DE60140980D1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
CN1206184C (en) | 2005-06-15 |
BR0101665B1 (en) | 2011-11-29 |
JP4949567B2 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
US20060070694A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
US7892629B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 |
KR20010102931A (en) | 2001-11-17 |
KR20060060638A (en) | 2006-06-05 |
MXPA01004194A (en) | 2003-08-20 |
FR2808474A1 (en) | 2001-11-09 |
EP1151855A2 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
KR100770657B1 (en) | 2007-10-29 |
ES2338985T3 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7892629B2 (en) | Laminated glazing material | |
JP5986085B2 (en) | Method for selecting an intermediate layer for vibroacoustic attenuation, intermediate layer, and glazing unit comprising such an intermediate layer | |
US6821629B2 (en) | Soundproofing laminated window for vehicles | |
KR101808865B1 (en) | Method for selecting a separator for vibroacoustic damping, separator for a vibroacoustic damping, and glass panel including such a separator | |
AU2010240730B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing laminated glazing, and laminated glazing | |
Kalthoff | Characterization of the dynamic failure behaviour of a glass-fiber/vinyl-ester at different temperatures by means of instrumented Charpy impact testing | |
AU2003244692B2 (en) | Method for selecting an insert on the basis of the mechanical resistance thereof | |
Venkatesan et al. | The influence of thickness and recycled milled glass fiber fillers on the delamination resistance of polymer composite angle brackets | |
US4783300A (en) | Vibrating damping materials and method for continuous production | |
EP0176306B1 (en) | Method of manufacturing for vibration damping materials | |
CN111827617A (en) | Multilayer structure for producing a floor covering with sound and indentation resistance | |
Peng et al. | Effect of matrix cracking on the time delayed buckling of viscoelastic laminated circular cylindrical shells | |
Aggelis et al. | On-line monitoring of load induced degradation of cross ply laminates | |
BENDING | LL WARNET, R. AKKERMAN and PE REED Composites Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE, FRANCE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:REHFELD, MARC M.;VIDAL, BORIS M.;REEL/FRAME:012133/0062;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010608 TO 20010615 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |