US11959242B2 - Device for containing granular elements - Google Patents

Device for containing granular elements Download PDF

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Publication number
US11959242B2
US11959242B2 US17/292,242 US201917292242A US11959242B2 US 11959242 B2 US11959242 B2 US 11959242B2 US 201917292242 A US201917292242 A US 201917292242A US 11959242 B2 US11959242 B2 US 11959242B2
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Prior art keywords
metal
bend
mesh panel
metal mesh
wires
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US17/292,242
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US20210404137A1 (en
Inventor
Yassine BENNANI BRAOULI
Nicolas Freitag
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Assigned to SOLETANCHE FREYSSINET reassignment SOLETANCHE FREYSSINET ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRAOULI, YASSINE BENNANI, FREITAG, NICOLAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/12—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
    • E02D2200/13—Geometrical or physical properties having at least a mesh portion
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0026—Metals
    • E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
    • E02D2300/0034—Steel; Iron in wire form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0079—Granulates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0085—Geotextiles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0085—Geotextiles
    • E02D2300/0087—Geotextiles woven

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of structures comprising contained granular elements, for example reinforced soil structures, and can in particular be applied to a facing member of such a structure.
  • This construction technique is commonly used to create structures such as retaining walls, bridge abutments, etc. It can also apply to the field of cladding which comprises containing granular elements along a pre-existing structure in order to give it a mineral appearance.
  • Such structures associate granular elements forming a compacted fill, a device containing these granular elements and forming a facing, and reinforcements generally connected to the facing.
  • the device containing the granular elements generally comprises a plurality of members assembled together.
  • reinforcement generally longitudinal, may be used: they may be of metal, for example galvanized steel, or of synthetic materials, such as materials referred to as geotextiles or comprising polyester fibers.
  • containing devices can be used: they may also be of metal, for example galvanized steel, or of synthetic materials, such as materials referred to as geotextiles comprising for example polyester fibers.
  • the containing device generally constitutes the external facade of the structure and must therefore be resistant to wear, in particular to oxidation, while retaining a pleasant aesthetic.
  • the external facade of the structure may include horizontal recesses between different levels of facing. It may also be sloped, in general with a larger initial surface area at the ground than at the top of the structure, but it is also possible to build structures with overhanging facings.
  • the reinforcements placed in the granular fill may be more or less densely distributed. They are secured to the containing device by means of connection devices which can take various forms. The reinforcements make it possible to transmit high loads of up to several tons.
  • the device for containing the granular elements has significant rigidity.
  • This rigidity is traditionally enabled by the reinforcements: the arrangement of the connection points between the reinforcements and the containing device makes it possible to increase the rigidity in certain directions.
  • the distribution of the loads at these points is difficult to predict.
  • containing devices which comprise a metal mesh made of very thick galvanized steel wires.
  • the invention achieves this by means of a device for containing granular elements, comprising a metal mesh panel comprising metal wires welded together, the panel comprising at least one curvature of a first orientation and at least one curvature of a second orientation, the first orientation being characterized by a first axis and the second orientation being characterized by a second axis, wherein the first axis and the second axis are not collinear.
  • the device for containing granular elements is typically a facing member or an association of facing members for a civil engineering structure such as a reinforced soil structure.
  • the granular elements are preferably mineral in nature. These may be elements originating from scrap from a quarry or from mining works for example. These may also be soil suitable for plant growth in order to give plant cover to the structure. Finally, it may also be an engineered fill. These elements preferably have a highly dispersed particle size distribution.
  • the device comprises a metal mesh panel.
  • the panel according to the invention is a monolithic member capable of distributing a stress applied to it.
  • a metal mesh within the meaning of the invention is a grid of integrally connected metal wires. These metal wires are preferably arranged in two orientations, for example two perpendicular orientations, so as to form the grid of the mesh similar to wire fencing.
  • the mesh size of this grid must be small enough to contain the granular elements. If the granular elements have a smaller particle size than the spacing of the metal mesh, the mesh may be provided with a secondary mesh having a finer mesh size than the granular elements: the metal mesh may be associated with a secondary mesh having a mesh size of smaller characteristic dimensions than the metal mesh. Such a secondary mesh may be less rigid and may be selected for example among a woven mesh, a biomat, or a geotextile.
  • the nodes of the metal mesh grid are provided by weld points between the metal wires.
  • this welding is welding with no added fillers such as electro-welding. Welding without added fillers ensures interpenetration of the wires and therefore better solidarity of the metal wires and better transmission of stresses.
  • the metal mesh may have wires of different diameters in order to present a different rigidity depending on the direction in which it is stressed. This can advantageously allow adapting the mesh to the use to be made of it.
  • Said at least one curvature of a first orientation may consist of a series of bends in the mesh that are parallel to each other, for example horizontal.
  • This at least one curvature of the mesh makes it a three-dimensional object and considerably increases its rigidity by limiting its propensity to undergo deformation in a direction different from that of the curvature. From a mechanical point of view, this at least one curvature is equivalent to a beam.
  • Said at least one curvature of a second orientation may also consist of a series of bends in the mesh that are parallel to each other but not parallel to said at least one curvature of a first orientation.
  • the creation of this second at least one curvature acts similarly to the at least one curvature of a first orientation, and makes it possible to increase the rigidity in another direction.
  • the first axis and the second axis are for example perpendicular, preferably the first axis and the second axis are each parallel to a plurality of metal wires.
  • the curvatures are produced in these two directions. This advantageously makes it possible to position at least one metal wire along each curvature and thus reinforce the device.
  • said at least one curvature of a first orientation guides a limited number of wires, preferably a single wire, out of the plane of the mesh before the curvature.
  • the out-of-plane wire or wires are advantageously shorter than the others so as to allow the production of the at least one curvature of a second orientation at a level of the panel where this wire or these wires are not present.
  • the curvatures of a first and second orientation may be combined in the form of a multiple curvature such as a dome.
  • a domed deformation in the mesh is highly advantageous from a rigidity point of view. It can be produced by stamping or by using 3D techniques for printing a shell, for example.
  • the axes of the various curvatures are preferably rectilinear, it is quite possible for them to be curved.
  • the curvatures of the first and second orientations are ensured by adding members onto the mesh after the fact. These members can have a V shape and be welded to a mesh already having bends in another direction.
  • the device according to the invention has increased rigidity due to its geometric shape. This rigidity can compensate for a smaller metal wire diameter, which is particularly advantageous as indicated above.
  • the metal diameter of the various metal wires of the metal mesh is preferably greater than 4 mm, to ensure a minimum resistance. However, it is preferably between 5 and 8 mm and in any event is less than 12 mm, unlike the wires used in metal meshes of the prior art which conventionally have a diameter of up to 14 mm, or even 18 mm. We can thus reduce the mass of metal used, by more than half, while eliminating any subsequent galvanization step as explained above.
  • the device for containing granular elements according to the invention preferably comprises several curvatures of a first orientation and/or several curvatures of a second orientation.
  • these curvatures are for example arranged to guide a metal wire out of the plane of said portion of the metal mesh, preferably substantially parallel to said plane.
  • the out-of-plane metal wire preferably has a shorter length than the majority of the metal wires of the metal mesh. This allows generating a curvature in a different direction, at the plane extending beyond the wire.
  • At least one curvature can guide a portion of the device according to the invention out of the plane intended to become the facade of the structure in which it is to be incorporated. This portion can contribute to the robustness of the structure and improve the stability of the whole.
  • At least one curvature can also result in a folding over the granular elements.
  • This folding can have both a protective function for the granular elements and a load distribution function in the event of an impact on the facade.
  • Said at least one curvature of a first orientation and said at least one curvature of a second orientation may be or comprise bends.
  • the bends in the meaning of the invention are curvatures or are capable of being obtained by bending the metal mesh panel around a mandrel.
  • an arrangement of curvatures is configured to allow the device to be auto-stable.
  • having a auto-stable device is also of interest from the point of view of storing the device.
  • the curvatures may also advantageously be arranged so as to allow stacking the devices according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a device for containing granular elements according to the invention, comprising a first step of bending a metal mesh in a first direction and a subsequent step of bending the metal mesh in a second direction that is not collinear with the first direction.
  • the bending steps are for example carried out by applying force to the mesh around a mandrel.
  • the diameter of the mandrel can lead to more or less sharply angled curvatures.
  • the curvatures are not too sharply angled, as this leads to a risk of damage to the metal wires.
  • the curvatures are preferably not too progressive in order to limit the space they occupy.
  • the galvanization of the wires consists of a coating of zinc or a zinc-aluminum alloy.
  • the metal mesh thus preferably comprises wires provided with a metal coating, the metal coating preferably being selected among zinc or an alloy comprising zinc and/or aluminum.
  • the method according to the invention may include other steps, for example a step of cutting an out-of-plane metal wire.
  • This cutting step may be after the creation of a first curvature.
  • the mesh is designed by anticipating future curvatures and directly integrating shortened metal wires at the time when the welding points between wires are created.
  • the invention relates to a reinforced soil structure comprising:
  • Said soil reinforcement member of metal may be implemented as a continuity of the material of the containing device.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a device for containing granular elements according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-section of a structure according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-section of a structure according to the invention.
  • the containing device according to the invention is used as a facing member for a reinforced soil structure.
  • the facing member is intended to be associated with other similar members which will be arranged one below the other.
  • the member is obtained from a metal mesh of galvanized steel wires that are electro-welded when flat.
  • the wires have a diameter of 6 mm.
  • the welding step is done with no added filler, by locally inducing a very high electric field locally at the intersections of the wires. This causes localized heating, and an interpenetration of the wires takes place.
  • the welding can be automated and be done on a conveyor belt.
  • wires assembled during formation of the mesh do not all have the same length. Thus, in one dimension, one wire out of two has a long length l 1 +l 2 and one wire out of two has a short length l 1 .
  • the mesh thus obtained then undergoes a first series of bends 13 in a first direction. These bends are grouped in series of three bends. In the figure, three series of three bends are represented, but the member may have more.
  • the illustrated member comprises a first face 10 intended to be positioned on the facade of the structure. This first face 10 lies within a plane P 1 .
  • Each series of three bends is configured to form a V shape and to guide a wire 131 out of the plane of the facade.
  • This out-of-plane wire increases the horizontal rigidity of the facing member.
  • Horizontal rigidity is understood to mean the resistance to deformation along a horizontal axis. Indeed, like a folded sheet of paper or a corrugated sheet, to impose a deformation along an axis perpendicular to the bends 13 , it is necessary to apply compressive or tensile stress to the entirety of each out-of-plane wire 131 , which represents significant resistance.
  • this significant resistance which generates an increase in the horizontal rigidity exists only on the portion of the mesh which comprises out of planes wires. It is therefore possible to generate, in a simple manner, a second series of bends 14 at a level of the metal mesh which does not include out-of-plane wires.
  • this second series of bends comprises a single bend 14 which makes it possible to form a second face 20 of the member.
  • This second face 20 which will not be visible on the structure and lies within a plane P 2 .
  • this face generates an increase in the vertical rigidity, in other words the resistance to deformation along a vertical axis.
  • the wires 21 parallel to the bend 14 and comprised in face 20 of the member are subjected to compressive or tensile stress when face 10 is stressed, so as to bend in a vertical direction.
  • the member has only a single bend 14 along a second curvature, it could include another bend so as to generate a third face at the top of the member which would further strengthen its vertical rigidity.
  • the member could also include several series of three bends along this second orientation in order to offset some wires out of plane, in the manner of wires 131 but in a perpendicular direction.
  • Different members according to FIG. 1 can be stored and transported when stacked atop one another.
  • the deformations make it possible to limit the gap between members when they are stacked, which is very advantageous.
  • the facing members are used on a structure such as one of those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate schematic cross-sections of structures according to the invention.
  • the general composition of such a structure corresponds to structures known under the brand name TerraTrel® which are offered by Terre Armée International.
  • Such a structure comprises a plurality of members according to FIG. 1 , arranged one atop the other. These members are used to contain fill 60 which can be composed of different materials such as compacted earth 61 , a mixture of earth and pebbles 62 , pebbles, or rock fragments 63 .
  • the fill is composed of several types of fill material. These different types of fill material may be separated by a film, a fabric, in particular by a geofabric 50 . It is thus possible to obtain structures whose appearance differs significantly and is chosen according to the desired aesthetics: according to FIG. 2 , a layer of surface soil 61 can be placed in contact with the facing, which can then be planted; according to FIG. 3 , it is possible to disperse rock fragments, in contact with the facing, which remain visible.
  • the structure is reinforced by flexible strips 40 which extend into the facing. These flexible strips can be arranged in a horizontal plane perpendicularly or zigzagging relative to the facing.
  • connection means arranged at the offset wires 131 in order to take maximum advantage of the increase in rigidity and to limit the deformations that may occur due to stresses undergone at these attachment points.
  • They may also be attached to a wall which would be located behind the facing and where the space between this wall and the facing would be filled with fill.
  • connection devices may be advantageous to move the connection devices to behind the facing, taking advantage in particular of face 20 . Indeed, it may be advantageous to avoid having flexible strips 40 in the area 63 where the fill is rock fragments, in order to avoid damaging these strips.
  • the invention is not limited to the examples described above solely by way of example, but encompasses all variants conceivable to those skilled in the art within the framework of the protection sought.
  • the example deals with reinforced soil structures, it is quite adaptable to the case of cladding carried out on an existing structure for aesthetic purposes, for example to give it a more mineral appearance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
US17/292,242 2018-11-09 2019-11-08 Device for containing granular elements Active 2040-06-15 US11959242B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1860405A FR3088349B1 (fr) 2018-11-09 2018-11-09 Dispositif pour la contention d’elements granulaires
FR1860405 2018-11-09
PCT/FR2019/052671 WO2020095007A1 (fr) 2018-11-09 2019-11-08 Dispositif pour la contention d'éléments granulaires

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20210404137A1 US20210404137A1 (en) 2021-12-30
US11959242B2 true US11959242B2 (en) 2024-04-16

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Country Status (10)

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US (1) US11959242B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3877591A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7462627B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2019376493A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112021008950A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3119193A1 (fr)
CL (1) CL2021001211A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR3088349B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020095007A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA202103937B (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11466422B1 (en) * 2021-07-12 2022-10-11 Hilfiker Retaining Walls Adjustable single stage panel system and method

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5733072A (en) 1996-07-31 1998-03-31 William K. Hilfiker Wirewall with stiffened high wire density face
US6345934B1 (en) 1996-04-15 2002-02-12 Jean-Marc Jailloux Earth structure and method for constructing with supports having rearwardly located portions
CL2009000847A1 (es) 2008-04-08 2010-06-11 Terre Armee Int Refuerzo de estabilizacion destinado a ser utilizado en las obras en suelo reforzado, que comprende, dos partes longitudinales separadas angularmente y unidas entre si por partes transversales moviles, y que posee topes angulares.
US20110027016A1 (en) * 2009-07-28 2011-02-03 Blouin Christopher W Earth-reinforcing revetments for landscaping areas and methods of use and manufacture thereof
US20110311318A1 (en) * 2010-06-17 2011-12-22 T & B Structural Systems Llc Mechanically stabilized earth system and method
US20140203233A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2014-07-24 Charles Larsen Fence apparatus and related methods
US8967917B1 (en) 2012-05-31 2015-03-03 Hilfiker Pipe Co., Inc. Retaining wall system
US20150132069A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-14 Vist-A-Wall Systems LLC Soil reinforcing element for a mechanically stabilized earth structure
US20170138013A1 (en) * 2014-04-11 2017-05-18 Conwed Plastics Acquisition Company V LLC DBA Filtrexx International Systems, Devices, and/or Methods for Retaining Slopes
US20180295791A1 (en) * 2017-04-17 2018-10-18 Jon Calle Earth wall having a pocket structure for receiving vegetation

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JP2004143774A (ja) 2002-10-23 2004-05-20 Mitsui Kagaku Sanshi Kk 鋼製枠およびそれを用いた盛土工法
JP2004300701A (ja) 2003-03-31 2004-10-28 Mitsui Kagaku Sanshi Kk 法面形成用枠材および法面構築工法
JP4413182B2 (ja) 2005-11-02 2010-02-10 小岩金網株式会社 擁壁緑化ユニットおよび盛土構造体
JP6274763B2 (ja) 2013-07-01 2018-02-07 三井化学産資株式会社 盛土補強構造および法面補強盛土工法
JP5986967B2 (ja) 2013-08-15 2016-09-06 旭化成ジオテック株式会社 分割された盛土構築用壁面材ユニット

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6345934B1 (en) 1996-04-15 2002-02-12 Jean-Marc Jailloux Earth structure and method for constructing with supports having rearwardly located portions
US5733072A (en) 1996-07-31 1998-03-31 William K. Hilfiker Wirewall with stiffened high wire density face
US20140203233A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2014-07-24 Charles Larsen Fence apparatus and related methods
CL2009000847A1 (es) 2008-04-08 2010-06-11 Terre Armee Int Refuerzo de estabilizacion destinado a ser utilizado en las obras en suelo reforzado, que comprende, dos partes longitudinales separadas angularmente y unidas entre si por partes transversales moviles, y que posee topes angulares.
US20110058904A1 (en) 2008-04-08 2011-03-10 Terre Armee Internationale Stabilizing Reinforcement For Use In Reinforced Soil Works
US20110027016A1 (en) * 2009-07-28 2011-02-03 Blouin Christopher W Earth-reinforcing revetments for landscaping areas and methods of use and manufacture thereof
US20110311318A1 (en) * 2010-06-17 2011-12-22 T & B Structural Systems Llc Mechanically stabilized earth system and method
US8967917B1 (en) 2012-05-31 2015-03-03 Hilfiker Pipe Co., Inc. Retaining wall system
US20150132069A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-14 Vist-A-Wall Systems LLC Soil reinforcing element for a mechanically stabilized earth structure
US20170138013A1 (en) * 2014-04-11 2017-05-18 Conwed Plastics Acquisition Company V LLC DBA Filtrexx International Systems, Devices, and/or Methods for Retaining Slopes
US20180295791A1 (en) * 2017-04-17 2018-10-18 Jon Calle Earth wall having a pocket structure for receiving vegetation

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International Search Report (with English translation) and Written Opinion issued in PCT/FR2019/052671, dated Feb. 12, 2020, 11 pages.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CL2021001211A1 (es) 2021-10-22
FR3088349A1 (fr) 2020-05-15
WO2020095007A1 (fr) 2020-05-14
FR3088349B1 (fr) 2021-01-15
ZA202103937B (en) 2023-12-20
AU2019376493A1 (en) 2021-06-24
BR112021008950A2 (pt) 2021-08-10
JP7462627B2 (ja) 2024-04-05
US20210404137A1 (en) 2021-12-30
EP3877591A1 (fr) 2021-09-15
JP2022506827A (ja) 2022-01-17
CA3119193A1 (fr) 2020-05-14

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