EP3877591A1 - Dispositif pour la contention d'éléments granulaires - Google Patents
Dispositif pour la contention d'éléments granulairesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3877591A1 EP3877591A1 EP19818236.2A EP19818236A EP3877591A1 EP 3877591 A1 EP3877591 A1 EP 3877591A1 EP 19818236 A EP19818236 A EP 19818236A EP 3877591 A1 EP3877591 A1 EP 3877591A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- granular elements
- restraining
- orientation
- elements according
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
- E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
- B21F27/12—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
- E02D2200/13—Geometrical or physical properties having at least a mesh portion
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0026—Metals
- E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
- E02D2300/0034—Steel; Iron in wire form
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0079—Granulates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0085—Geotextiles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0085—Geotextiles
- E02D2300/0087—Geotextiles woven
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of works comprising contained granular elements, for example works in reinforced soil, and can in particular be applied to a facing element of such a work.
- This construction technique is commonly used to make works such as retaining walls, bridge abutments, etc. It can also apply to the field of veneer which consists of containing granular elements along a pre-existing structure in order to give it a mineral appearance.
- Such works combine granular elements forming a compacted embankment, a device containing these granular elements and forming a facing, and reinforcements generally connected to the facing.
- the device containing the granular elements generally comprises a plurality of elements assembled together.
- reinforcement generally longitudinal, can be used: they can be metallic, for example galvanized steel, or even synthetic materials, such as so-called geotextile materials or comprising polyester fibers.
- restraint devices can also be metallic, for example galvanized steel, or even synthetic materials, such as so-called geotextile materials comprising, for example polyester fibers. restraint generally constitutes the external facade of the structure and must therefore be resistant to wear, in particular to oxidation, while retaining a pleasant aesthetic.
- the external facade of the structure may include horizontal recesses between different levels of facing. It can also be tilted, in general with a larger initial floor area than at the top of the structure, but it is also possible to build structures with overhanging facings.
- the reinforcements placed in the granular fill can be more or less densely distributed. They are secured to the restraint using linking devices which can take various forms. The reinforcements make it possible to transmit high loads of up to several tonnes.
- the device for restraining the granular elements has significant rigidity.
- This rigidity is traditionally allowed by the reinforcements: the arrangement of the connection points between the reinforcements and the compression device makes it possible to increase the rigidity in certain directions. However, the distribution of charges on these points is difficult to predict.
- restraint devices which consist of a wire mesh made of very thick galvanized steel wires.
- the invention achieves this by means of a device for the containment of granular elements comprising a wire mesh panel comprising metal wires welded together, the panel comprising at least one curvature of a first orientation and at least one curvature of a second orientation, the first orientation being characterized by a first axis and the second orientation being characterized by a second axis, in which the first axis and the second axis are non-co-linear.
- the device for restraining granular elements is typically a facing element or a combination of facing elements for a civil engineering structure such as a reinforced soil structure.
- the granular elements are preferably of mineral nature. It can be elements coming from the scrap of a quarry or a mining work for example. It can also be soil suitable for the growth of vegetation in order to give a plant-like appearance to the structure. Finally, it can also be a technical fill. These elements preferably have a very dispersed particle size.
- the device comprises a wire mesh panel.
- the panel according to the invention is a monolithic element capable of distributing a stress which would be applied to it.
- a wire mesh within the meaning of the invention is a network of integral metal wires. These metal wires are preferably arranged in two orientations, for example two perpendicular orientations, so as to form the network of the trellis in the manner of a grid.
- the mesh of this network must be small enough to contain the granular elements. If the granular elements have a finer particle size than the pitch of the wire mesh, the latter may be provided with a secondary mesh having a finer mesh than the granular elements: the wire mesh may be associated with a secondary mesh having a mesh of characteristic smaller dimension than the wire mesh. Such a trellis secondary may be less rigid and may be chosen for example from a woven mesh, a bionatte or a geotextile.
- the nodes of the network of the wire mesh are provided by solder points between the metal wires.
- this weld is a weld without adding material such as an electro-weld. Welding without adding material ensures interpenetration of the wires and therefore better solidarity of the metal wires and better transmission of stresses.
- the wire mesh can have wires of different diameters in order to have different stiffness depending on the direction in which it is stressed. This can advantageously make it possible to adapt the trellis to the use to be made of it.
- Said at least one curvature of first orientation may consist of a series of folds in the trellis parallel to each other, for example horizontal.
- This at least one curvature of the trellis makes it a three-dimensional object and considerably increases its rigidity by limiting its propensity to undergo deformation in a direction different from that of the curvature. From a mechanical point of view, this at least one curvature is equivalent to a beam.
- Said at least one curvature of second orientation can also consist of one more series in the trellis parallel to each other but not parallel to said at least one curvature of first orientation.
- the realization of this second at least one curvature acts similarly to the at least one curvature of first orientation and makes it possible to increase the rigidity in an additional direction.
- the first axis and the second axis are for example perpendicular, preferably the first axis and the second axis are each parallel to a plurality of metal wires.
- the wire mesh has wires in two directions, the curvatures are produced in these two directions. This advantageously makes it possible to position at least one metal wire along each curvature and thus to reinforce the device.
- several solutions can be envisaged.
- said at least one curvature of first orientation leads a limited number of wires, preferably a single wire, outside the plane of the trellis before curvature.
- the out-of-plane wire or wires are advantageously shorter than the others so as to allow the production of the at least one curvature of second orientation at a level of the panel where this or these wire or wires are not present.
- the first and second orientation curvatures can be combined in the form of a multiple curvature such as a dome.
- a domed deformation in the trellis is very advantageous from a stiffness point of view. It can be produced by stamping or using 3D printing techniques for a shell, for example.
- the axes of the various curvatures are preferably rectilinear, they may well be curved.
- the curvatures of the first and second orientations are ensured by grafting elements onto the trellis a posteriori.
- These elements can have a V shape and be welded to a trellis already having folds in another direction.
- the device according to the invention has increased rigidity due to its geometric shape. This rigidity can compensate for a smaller wire diameter which is particularly advantageous as indicated above.
- the metallic diameter of the various metallic wires of the metallic mesh is preferably greater than 4mm to ensure a minimum of resistance. However, it is preferably between 5 and 8 mm and in any event less than 12 mm, in reverse of the wires used in the metallic trellises of the prior art which traditionally have a diameter of up to 14 mm, or even l 8 mm. We can thus reduce by more than half the mass of metal used, while dispensing with a subsequent galvanizing step, as explained above.
- the device for restraining granular elements according to the invention preferably comprises several curvatures of first orientation and / or several curvatures of second orientation.
- these curvatures are for example arranged to conduct a wire outside the plane of said portion of the metallic trellis, preferably substantially parallel to said plane.
- the wire outside the plane preferably has a length less than a majority of the wire of the wire mesh. This allows the generation of a curvature in a different direction, at a plane level extending beyond the wire.
- At least one curvature can lead a portion of the device according to the invention out of the plane intended to become the facade of the structure in which it is to be incorporated. This portion can contribute to the robustness of the structure and improve the stability of the whole.
- At least one curvature can also induce a fold over the granular elements.
- This withdrawal can have both a protective function against the granular elements and a load distribution function in the event of an impact on the facade.
- Said at least one curvature of first orientation and said at least one curvature of second orientation can be or have folds.
- the folds within the meaning of the invention are curvatures or are capable of being obtained by folding the wire mesh panel around a mandrel.
- an arrangement of curvatures is configured to allow the device to be self-stable.
- having a self-stable device is also interesting from a storage point of view.
- the curvatures can also advantageously be arranged so as to allow the stacking of the devices according to the invention.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method of manufacturing a device for restraining granular elements according to the invention comprising a first step of folding a wire mesh according to a first direction and a subsequent step of folding the wire mesh in a second direction not collinear with the first direction.
- the folding steps are for example carried out by applying a stress to the mesh around a mandrel.
- the diameter of the mandrel can lead to more or less angular curvatures.
- the curvatures are not too angular as this induces risks of damage to the metal wires.
- the curvatures are preferably not too progressive in order to limit their occupation of the space.
- the galvanization of the wires consists of a coating of zinc or a zinc-aluminum alloy.
- the metal mesh preferably comprises wires provided with a metallic coating, the metallic coating preferably being chosen from zinc or an alloy comprising zinc and / or aluminum.
- the method according to the invention may include other steps, for example a step of cutting an out-of-plane metal wire.
- This cutting step can be after the achievement of a first curvature.
- the trellis is designed by anticipating the curvatures to come and by directly integrating shortened metal wires when the inter-wire weld points are produced.
- the invention relates to a reinforced soil structure comprising:
- the granular elements preferably being of mineral nature
- Said metal floor reinforcement element can be made in continuity of material of the compression device.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a device for restraining granular elements according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic section of a work according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic section of a work according to the invention.
- the compression device according to the invention is used as a facing element for a structure in reinforced soil.
- the facing element is intended to be associated with other similar elements which will be arranged one below the other.
- the element is obtained from a wire mesh of electro-welded flat galvanized steel wire.
- the wires have a diameter of 6 mm.
- the soldering step is done without adding material by inducing a very large electric field locally at the intersections of the wires. This causes local heating and interpenetration of the wires takes place.
- the welding can be automated and be done on a conveyor belt.
- the son assembled during the formation of the lattice did not all have the same length.
- one thread in two has a long length 11 + 12 and one thread in two has a short length 11.
- the lattice thus obtained then undergoes a first series of folds 13 in a first direction. These folds are grouped by series of three folds. In the figure there are shown three series of three folds but the element may have more.
- the illustrated element comprises a first face 10 intended to be positioned on the facade of the structure.
- This first face 10 is inscribed in a plane Pl.
- Each series of three folds is configured to form a V shape and conduct a wire 131 out of the plane of the facade.
- This out-of-plane wire increases the horizontal stiffness of the facing element.
- Horizontal stiffness is understood as resistance to deformation along a horizontal axis. Indeed, like a folded sheet of paper or a corrugated iron panel, to impose a deformation along an axis perpendicular to the folds 13, it is necessary to stress the assembly of each out-of-plane wire 131 in compression or in traction which represents a significant resistance.
- this significant resistance which generates an increase in horizontal rigidity exists only on the portion of the trellis which comprises wires out of planes. It is therefore possible to simply generate a second series of folds 14 at a level of the wire mesh which does not include wires out of plane. In the figure shown, this second series of folds consists of a single fold 14 which makes it possible to form a second face 20 of the element.
- This second face 20 which will not be apparent on the structure and is part of a P2 plane.
- this face generates an increase in vertical rigidity, that is to say resistance to deformation along a vertical axis.
- the wires 21 parallel to the fold 14 and included in the face 20 of the element are stressed in compression or in tension when the face 10 is stressed so as to undergo a fold in a vertical direction.
- the element has only a single fold 14 according to a second curvature, it could include another fold so as to generate a third face on the top of the element which would further strengthen its vertical rigidity.
- the element could also have series of three folds according to this second orientation in order to offset the wires out of the plane, in the manner of the wires 131 but in a perpendicular direction.
- the facing elements are used on a structure such as one of those shown in Figures 2 and 3.
- FIGS 2 and 3 illustrate schematic sections of works according to the invention.
- the general structure of such a structure corresponds to the structures known under the commercial reference TerraTrel ® marketed by the company Terre Armée Internationale.
- Such a work comprises a plurality of elements according to Figure 1 arranged one above the other. These elements are used to contain an embankment 60 which can be made of different materials such as compacted earth 61, a mixture of earth and pebbles 62, pebbles or rock fragments 63. According to certain embodiments, the embankment is made up of several types of fill material. These different types of backfill materials can be separated by a film, a fabric, in particular by a geomaterial fabric 50. It is thus possible to obtain works whose appearance differs significantly and is chosen according to the desired aesthetics: according to the Figure 2, we can have a layer of topsoil 61 in contact with the facing, which can then be vegetated; according to FIG. 3, it is possible to disperse in contact with the facing fragments of rock which remain visible.
- an embankment 60 which can be made of different materials such as compacted earth 61, a mixture of earth and pebbles 62, pebbles or rock fragments 63.
- the embankment is made up of
- the structure is reinforced by flexible bands 40 which extend in the facing. These flexible strips can be arranged in a horizontal plane perpendicular or in a zigzag with respect to the facing.
- They are preferably attached to the facing by means of connecting means arranged at the offset son 131 in order to take advantage of the increase in rigidity to the maximum and to limit the deformations that may occur due to the stresses undergone by the level of these attachment points. They can also be attached to a wall which would be located behind the facing and where the space between this wall and the facing would be filled with backfill.
- the invention is not limited to the examples described above, only by way of example, but it encompasses all the variants that those skilled in the art may envisage within the framework of the protection sought.
- the example deals with reinforced soil structures, it can quite be adapted to the case of a veneer carried out on an existing structure for aesthetic purposes, for example to give it a more mineral appearance.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Retaining Walls (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1860405A FR3088349B1 (fr) | 2018-11-09 | 2018-11-09 | Dispositif pour la contention d’elements granulaires |
PCT/FR2019/052671 WO2020095007A1 (fr) | 2018-11-09 | 2019-11-08 | Dispositif pour la contention d'éléments granulaires |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3877591A1 true EP3877591A1 (fr) | 2021-09-15 |
Family
ID=66641005
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19818236.2A Pending EP3877591A1 (fr) | 2018-11-09 | 2019-11-08 | Dispositif pour la contention d'éléments granulaires |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11959242B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3877591A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP7462627B2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2019376493A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112021008950A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3119193A1 (fr) |
CL (1) | CL2021001211A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3088349B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020095007A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA202103937B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11466422B1 (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-10-11 | Hilfiker Retaining Walls | Adjustable single stage panel system and method |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0799022B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-03 | 1995-10-25 | 強化土エンジニヤリング株式会社 | 補強土構造吻 |
JP3232391B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-28 | 2001-11-26 | タキロン株式会社 | 盛土構造体 |
GB9607782D0 (en) | 1996-04-15 | 1996-06-19 | Vidal Henri Brevets | Earth structures |
US5733072A (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-03-31 | William K. Hilfiker | Wirewall with stiffened high wire density face |
JP2004143774A (ja) | 2002-10-23 | 2004-05-20 | Mitsui Kagaku Sanshi Kk | 鋼製枠およびそれを用いた盛土工法 |
JP2004300701A (ja) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-28 | Mitsui Kagaku Sanshi Kk | 法面形成用枠材および法面構築工法 |
JP4413182B2 (ja) | 2005-11-02 | 2010-02-10 | 小岩金網株式会社 | 擁壁緑化ユニットおよび盛土構造体 |
US20140203233A1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2014-07-24 | Charles Larsen | Fence apparatus and related methods |
FR2929628B1 (fr) | 2008-04-08 | 2012-11-23 | Terre Armee Int | Renfort de stabilisation destine a etre utilise dans des ouvrages en sol renforce |
US8226330B2 (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2012-07-24 | Blouin Christopher W | Earth-reinforcing revetments for landscaping areas and methods of use and manufacture thereof |
US8632282B2 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2014-01-21 | T & B Structural Systems Llc | Mechanically stabilized earth system and method |
US8967917B1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2015-03-03 | Hilfiker Pipe Co., Inc. | Retaining wall system |
JP6274763B2 (ja) | 2013-07-01 | 2018-02-07 | 三井化学産資株式会社 | 盛土補強構造および法面補強盛土工法 |
JP5986967B2 (ja) | 2013-08-15 | 2016-09-06 | 旭化成ジオテック株式会社 | 分割された盛土構築用壁面材ユニット |
US9267259B2 (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2016-02-23 | Visit-A-Wall Systems | Soil reinforcing element for a mechanically stabilized earth structure |
EP3129557B1 (fr) * | 2014-04-11 | 2019-09-18 | Conwed Plastics Acquisition Company V LLC | Systèmes, dispositifs et/ou procédés pour retenir des talus |
WO2018195057A1 (fr) * | 2017-04-17 | 2018-10-25 | Sj Hardscape Enterprises Llc | Mur de terre ayant une structure de poche destinée à recevoir de la végétation |
-
2018
- 2018-11-09 FR FR1860405A patent/FR3088349B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-11-08 EP EP19818236.2A patent/EP3877591A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-11-08 WO PCT/FR2019/052671 patent/WO2020095007A1/fr unknown
- 2019-11-08 AU AU2019376493A patent/AU2019376493A1/en active Pending
- 2019-11-08 JP JP2021524436A patent/JP7462627B2/ja active Active
- 2019-11-08 US US17/292,242 patent/US11959242B2/en active Active
- 2019-11-08 BR BR112021008950-0A patent/BR112021008950A2/pt unknown
- 2019-11-08 CA CA3119193A patent/CA3119193A1/fr active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-05-07 CL CL2021001211A patent/CL2021001211A1/es unknown
- 2021-06-08 ZA ZA2021/03937A patent/ZA202103937B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3119193A1 (fr) | 2020-05-14 |
FR3088349B1 (fr) | 2021-01-15 |
US20210404137A1 (en) | 2021-12-30 |
JP7462627B2 (ja) | 2024-04-05 |
AU2019376493A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
CL2021001211A1 (es) | 2021-10-22 |
ZA202103937B (en) | 2023-12-20 |
BR112021008950A2 (pt) | 2021-08-10 |
JP2022506827A (ja) | 2022-01-17 |
FR3088349A1 (fr) | 2020-05-15 |
WO2020095007A1 (fr) | 2020-05-14 |
US11959242B2 (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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