US11541478B2 - Laser welding device and laser welding method using welding wire - Google Patents

Laser welding device and laser welding method using welding wire Download PDF

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Publication number
US11541478B2
US11541478B2 US16/267,484 US201916267484A US11541478B2 US 11541478 B2 US11541478 B2 US 11541478B2 US 201916267484 A US201916267484 A US 201916267484A US 11541478 B2 US11541478 B2 US 11541478B2
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Prior art keywords
welding
wire
feed direction
welding wire
feed
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US20190168342A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Andreasch
Moritz Berger
Patrick Weber
Martin Johannes Geiger
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Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
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Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B23K26/0884—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
    • B23K9/124—Circuits or methods for feeding welding wire

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to devices for laser welding using added material, such as welding wire.
  • the disclosure also relates to welding methods that can be carried out using devices as described above and a control program for carrying out the methods.
  • Laser welding has established itself as an alternative to conventional welding methods, such as gas welding and arc welding. Laser welding is performed with or without added material depending on the type of seam to be welded and how large the gap is between the components intended to be connected to one another.
  • TRUMPF (address: Johann-Maus-Strckee 2, 71254 Ditzingen, Germany) under the name “TruLaser Robot 5020”.
  • TRUMPF an address: Johann-Maus-Strckee 2, 71254 Ditzingen, Germany
  • a welding wire is unwound from a supply roll on the welding device of the prior art by a wire feed drive and fed in a feed direction to the welding point.
  • the welding wire is first moved with the wire end leading in the feed direction into a welding readiness position prior to the start of the welding process.
  • the welding wire is then delivered by the wire feed drive in the feed direction during the welding process as a function of the progress of the weld seam and the associated consumption of the added material of the welding wire.
  • the leading wire end of the welding wire must be arranged in the welding readiness position defined with respect to the welding point on the relevant workpiece or workpieces at the start of the welding process.
  • the welding readiness position of the leading wire end is established in relation to a wire nozzle of the welding device, from which wire nozzle the welding wire exits toward the welding point and which wire nozzle guides the welding wire during its feed movement together with a flexible guide tube, which in turn is situated on the side of the weld nozzle facing toward the supply roll.
  • Movement resistance opposing the feed movement of the welding wire at the guide tube and/or at the wire nozzle due to friction can cause the welding wire to become compressed inside the wire guide and to become tensioned as a result. If, after completion of the welding process and before the start of another welding process, this tension is reduced in an uncontrolled manner, the welding wire then executes an undefined movement in the feed direction relative to the wire guide.
  • the wire end of the welding wire leading in the feed direction arrives in a position that differs from the desired welding readiness position relative to the wire nozzle and, thus, also relative to the welding point on the component or components to be welded during the subsequent welding process. Such a mispositioning of the wire end leading in the feed direction can adversely affect the result of the subsequent welding process.
  • the disclosure relates to devices for laser welding using added material such as welding wire, having a welding head, by which a laser beam generated by a beam source can be directed as a laser welding beam at a welding point, having a wire guide for the welding wire, having a wire feed drive, by which the welding wire is movable during a welding process relative to the wire guide with a feed movement in a feed direction extending in the longitudinal direction of the wire, wherein the welding wire is guided during the feed movement in the feed direction by the wire guide, and having a positioning device for the welding wire, by which a wire end of the welding wire, which leads in the feed direction, can be arranged in a welding readiness position on the device for laser welding, wherein the leading wire end in the welding readiness position can be arranged at the start of the welding process in a desired position relative to the welding point.
  • a welding head by which a laser beam generated by a beam source can be directed as a laser welding beam at a welding point
  • a wire guide for the welding wire having a wire feed drive,
  • Advantages of the current disclosure include increasing the functional reliability of the previously known laser welding devices and of the previously known laser welding methods.
  • the welding wire is set in an oscillating motion in the longitudinal direction of the wire by a positioning drive of the positioning device for arranging the wire end leading in the feed direction, in the welding readiness position. Due to the oscillating movement of the welding wire, any tension of the welding wire that has built up, for example, during the course of a preceding welding process or due to a repositioning after completion of the preceding welding process, is reduced in a controlled manner. This reduction is before the wire end of the welding wire is arranged in a position relative to the wire guide and relative to a welding point in the wire longitudinal direction, starting from which position the subsequent welding process can be carried out with optimum results. An undefined position of the wire end of the welding wire at the start of a welding operation, can be avoided in this manner.
  • the concepts described herein are particularly advantageous for multi-axial welding robots, on which the wire guide is moved in different, potentially frequently alternating directions when carrying out welding processes and/or when repositioning the welding head.
  • the wire guide is moved in different, potentially frequently alternating directions when carrying out welding processes and/or when repositioning the welding head.
  • numeric control programs described herein comprise control instructions, on the basis of which the components of the devices described herein used for carrying out the methods are appropriately controlled by a numeric control device.
  • both the feed movement of the welding wire when carrying out a welding process, and the oscillating wire movement used to situate the wire end of the welding wire in the welding readiness position are carried out by means of one and the same drive device.
  • the feed movement of the welding wire during a welding process is often generated by a drive, which, in addition to a first drive unit close to a welding wire supply, includes a second drive unit, which is offset toward the welding point relative to the first drive unit.
  • the second drive unit of such a drive device by also undertaking the placement of the wire end leading in the feed direction in the welding readiness position, makes a relatively large space between the drive unit and the welding point possible due to the relaxed state of the welding wire during the positioning of the leading wire end. This avoids an interfering contour otherwise produced by the drive unit near the welding point.
  • the welding wire while moving in an oscillating manner in the longitudinal direction of the welding wire, is moved in the feed direction into a position in which it projects beyond the welding readiness position of the leading wire end.
  • the welding wire is then cut by a separating device in such a way that the wire end of the welding wire is clearly situated in the welding readiness position.
  • the welding wire may be moved initially over a relatively long path length solely in the feed direction and subsequently to a lesser extent in an oscillating manner in the feed direction and in the opposite direction.
  • the working optics of the welding head are used as a separating device for producing a wire end of the welding wire arranged in a defined welding readiness position, by which working optics the welding operation following the positioning of the leading wire end of the welding wire can also be carried out.
  • the beam source that generates the laser beam for welding can also be used to generate the laser separating beam by which the welding wire projecting beyond the welding readiness position is cut. To this end, the beam source can be selectively operated in a welding mode or in a separating mode.
  • the welding wire projecting beyond the welding readiness position and the separating device, and optionally the welding head are moved into a specific separating position for cutting the welding wire. In this separating position particular precautions can be taken for the separating process to be carried out.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a welding robot as described herein including a device for laser welding with added material in the form of a welding wire.
  • FIG. 2 shows the welding robot of FIG. 1 with its movement axes.
  • FIG. 3 shows the welding wire of the welding robot of FIGS. 1 and 2 inside the wire guide indicated in FIG. 1 .
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a welding robot 1 that includes a manipulator 2 , as well as a welding device 3 .
  • the manipulator 2 comprises a base 4 , a carousel 5 , a swinging member 6 , an arm 7 , and a hand 8 .
  • the carousel 5 together with the remaining components of the manipulator 2 , is rotatably mounted on the stationary base 4 about a vertical axis in the direction of a double arrow I.
  • the carousel 5 in turn supports the swinging member 6 in a pivotal manner about a horizontal axis (double arrow II). Also pivotable about a horizontal axis is the arm 7 relative to the swinging member 6 (double arrow III).
  • a part 7 / 1 of the arm 7 on the swinging member side supports a part 7 / 2 of the arm 7 on the hand side rotatable in the direction of a double arrow IV.
  • the hand 8 is mounted for pivotable movement in the direction of double arrow V and mounted for rotational movement in the direction of the double arrow VI.
  • the manipulator 2 therefore has 6 movement axes.
  • the welding head 9 Attached to the hand 8 of the manipulator 2 are a welding head 9 as well as a drive unit 10 near the welding point.
  • the welding head 9 and the drive unit 10 near the welding point are components of the welding device 3 .
  • the welding device 3 is a device for laser welding using added material, e.g., welding wire 11 .
  • a laser beam is fed via a laser light cable 13 to the welding head 9 and is generated by a beam source 12 of the welding device 3 .
  • the beam source 12 in the example depicted is a conventional solid-state laser.
  • the beam source 12 can be selectively operated in a welding mode or in a separating mode.
  • Working optics of a conventional type are housed inside the welding head 9 , and emit a laser beam generated by the beam source 12 as a laser welding beam or as a laser separating beam, depending on the operating mode of the beam source 12 .
  • a supply of the welding wire 11 is wound on a supply roll 14 inside a housing. From the supply roll 14 , the welding wire 11 is continuously unwound during a welding process by a drive unit 15 on the supply side and of the drive unit 10 near the welding point, and moved in a feed direction extending in the longitudinal direction of the wire and illustrated by an arrow 16 in FIG. 1 . During its movement in the feed direction 16 , the welding wire 11 is guided by a wire guide 17 which, in turn, comprises a flexible guide tube 11 in the form of a so-called “core” 18 , as well as a wire nozzle 19 mounted on a housing of the drive unit 10 near the welding point.
  • a wire guide 17 which, in turn, comprises a flexible guide tube 11 in the form of a so-called “core” 18 , as well as a wire nozzle 19 mounted on a housing of the drive unit 10 near the welding point.
  • the drive unit 10 near the welding point and the drive unit 15 on the supply side together form a wire feed drive 20 .
  • the wire feed drive 20 delivers the welding wire 11 in the feed direction 16 relative to a welding point on the workpiece 22 as a function of the progress of the weld seam and of the associated consumption of the welding wire 11 fed as added material.
  • the welding wire 11 is melted at a point, the position of which is defined relative to the wire nozzle 19 of the wire guide 17 and selected in such a way that an optimal welding result is achieved by the laser welding beam emitted toward the welding wire 11 .
  • the beam source 12 is switched off and the wire feed drive 20 is shut down.
  • the end of the welding wire 11 projecting from the wire nozzle 19 in the feed direction 16 which leads in the feed direction 16 and which has been created by the laser welding beam upon conclusion of the preceding welding operation, is located in a defined welding readiness position relative to the wire nozzle 19 . From this welding readiness position a subsequent welding process could be started and an optimal welding result achieved.
  • the welding wire 11 has become tensioned in its longitudinal direction inside the wire guide 17 , for example, due to process-related movements of the wire guide 17 .
  • a corresponding effect can occur if, for example, an additional weld seam is to be created at another point on the workpiece 22 .
  • the welding head 9 together with the drive unit 10 near the welding point, with the wire nozzle 19 mounted on the drive unit and with the welding wire 11 guided inside the wire nozzle 19 accordingly must be repositioned on the workpiece 22 .
  • the welding wire 11 can also become improperly tensioned or compressed inside the wire guide 17 in the longitudinal direction of the wire, due to the movements of, inter alia, the wire guide 17 , executed by the manipulator 2 for such repositioning purpose, as illustrated in the sectional view ( 1 ) of FIG. 3 .
  • the welding wire 11 is caused to relax after completion of a welding operation and prior to the start of a subsequent welding process. This is achieved by moving the welding wire 11 in an oscillating manner in the longitudinal direction of the wire as shown by a double arrow 23 in the sectional view ( 1 ) of FIG. 3 by the drive unit 10 near the welding point and by the drive unit 15 on the supply side.
  • the welding wire 11 is transferred by the drive units 10 , 15 , functioning in this respect as a positioning drive 24 , from the state of tension of the sectional view ( 1 ) of FIG. 3 into the state of tension illustrated in the sectional view ( 2 ) of FIG. 3 .
  • the welding wire 11 is relaxed in the longitudinal direction of the wire and therefore straightened as compared to the conditions of sectional view ( 1 ).
  • a relaxation and straightening of the welding wire 11 is desirable in the region between the drive unit 10 near the welding point and the wire nozzle 19 .
  • a lax welding wire 15 in the region between the drive unit 10 near the welding point and the drive unit 15 on the supply side can potentially even be advantageous.
  • the beam source 12 is switched into the separating mode and accordingly generates a laser beam that due to its beam power acts as a laser separating beam at the welding wire 11 and cuts the welding wire 11 close to the wire nozzle 19 in such a way that the wire end of the (relaxed) welding wire 11 produced as a result of cutting is in the welding readiness position.
  • the laser separating beam directed by the welding head 9 to the welding wire 11 is indicated by dashed lines in the sectional view of FIG. 1 framed in dashed lines.
  • the manipulator 2 To cut the welding wire 11 projecting in the feed direction 16 beyond the welding readiness position, it is possible for the manipulator 2 to move the welding head 9 , as well as the drive unit 10 near the welding point with the wire nozzle 19 and with the welding wire 11 situated inside the wire guide 17 , into a separating position remote from the workpiece 22 . In this case, it must be ensured, however, that the movements for positioning the welding head 9 in a new processing position on the workpiece 22 to be executed after the welding wire 11 is cut, do not result in the welding wire 11 being improperly tensioned or compressed again inside the wire guide 17 and the wire end of the welding wire 11 leading in the feed direction 16 leaving the welding readiness position as a result.
  • the modules of the welding robot 1 are controlled by a numerical control unit 25 of the welding robot 1 indicated in FIG. 1 .
  • a control program with corresponding control instructions runs on the numeric control unit 25 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
US16/267,484 2016-08-05 2019-02-05 Laser welding device and laser welding method using welding wire Active 2038-01-01 US11541478B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016214562.2A DE102016214562B3 (de) 2016-08-05 2016-08-05 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Laserschweißen mit einem Zusatzwerkstoff in Form eines Schweißdrahtes sowie Steuerungsprogramm zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102016214562.2 2016-08-05
PCT/EP2017/069818 WO2018024891A1 (de) 2016-08-05 2017-08-04 VORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUM LASERSCHWEIßEN MIT EINEM ZUSATZWERKSTOFF IN FORM EINES SCHWEIßDRAHTES SOWIE STEUERUNGSPROGRAMM ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG DES VERFAHRENS

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PCT/EP2017/069818 Continuation WO2018024891A1 (de) 2016-08-05 2017-08-04 VORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUM LASERSCHWEIßEN MIT EINEM ZUSATZWERKSTOFF IN FORM EINES SCHWEIßDRAHTES SOWIE STEUERUNGSPROGRAMM ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG DES VERFAHRENS

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US20190168342A1 US20190168342A1 (en) 2019-06-06
US11541478B2 true US11541478B2 (en) 2023-01-03

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US (1) US11541478B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3493942A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN109641320B (zh)
DE (1) DE102016214562B3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2018024891A1 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020079870A1 (ja) * 2018-10-19 2020-04-23 三菱電機株式会社 付加製造装置および付加製造方法
DE112018008001B4 (de) 2018-10-24 2024-07-18 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 3D-Druckvorrichtung und numerisches Steuergerät
CN110238477B (zh) * 2019-06-18 2024-04-16 同高先进制造科技（太仓）有限公司 一种用于激光钎焊的机械旋转的焊缝跟踪系统及其工作方法

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CN Office Action in Chinese Appln. No. 201780049191.2, dated Feb. 26, 2021, 23 pages (with English translation).
EP Office Action in European Appln. No. 17749695.7, dated Feb. 22, 2022, 12 pages (with English translation)
International Search Report and Written Opinion in International Application No. PCT/EP2017/069818, dated Nov. 22, 2017, 24 pages (with English translation).
Machine English Translation of DE 4412093A1, Specification (Year: 1995). *
Machine English Translation of JP-2001105163-A (Year: 2001). *
Machine English Translation of JP-2011062728A (Year: 2011). *
Machine English Translation of WO-2015098463-A1 (Year: 2015). *

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US20190168342A1 (en) 2019-06-06
CN109641320A (zh) 2019-04-16
EP3493942A1 (de) 2019-06-12
WO2018024891A1 (de) 2018-02-08
CN109641320B (zh) 2021-09-07
DE102016214562B3 (de) 2017-10-19

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