US10981852B2 - Ripening of 1,4-bis (4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene - Google Patents

Ripening of 1,4-bis (4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene Download PDF

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US10981852B2
US10981852B2 US15/982,453 US201815982453A US10981852B2 US 10981852 B2 US10981852 B2 US 10981852B2 US 201815982453 A US201815982453 A US 201815982453A US 10981852 B2 US10981852 B2 US 10981852B2
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phenoxybenzoyl
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benzene
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US20190152886A1 (en
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Julien Jouanneau
Jérôme AMSTUTZ
Guillaume VINCENT
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Arkema France SA
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    • C07C45/45—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by condensation
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    • C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
    • C07C45/30—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with halogen containing compounds, e.g. hypohalogenation
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
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    • C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C45/81—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
    • C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C49/84—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/127—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from carbon dioxide, carbonyl halide, carboxylic acids or their derivatives
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    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
    • C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
    • C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
    • C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
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    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
    • C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
    • C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
    • C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
    • C08G65/4043—(I) or (II) containing oxygen other than as phenol or carbonyl group
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    • C08L65/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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    • C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
    • C08G2261/34—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating partially-aromatic structural elements in the main chain
    • C08G2261/344—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating partially-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing heteroatoms
    • C08G2261/3442—Polyetherketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/40—Polymerisation processes
    • C08G2261/45—Friedel-Crafts-type

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a method for manufacturing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene, as well as a method for manufacturing polyether ketone ketone polymers starting from said 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene.
  • Polyether ketone ketone (PEKK) polymers have a number of properties which make them useful for applications involving exposure to high temperature or to high mechanical or chemical stress. They are for instance useful in the aerospace industry, in off-shore drilling and in medical devices.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene can be prepared by reacting terephthaloyl chloride and diphenyl ether in the presence of a Lewis acid such as aluminum trichloride.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is prepared by dissolving terephthaloyl chloride and diphenyl ether in ortho-dichlorobenzene and adding aluminum chloride. Thereafter, cold methanol is added so as to produce a slurry which is filtered, reslurried in methanol and filtered again.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is prepared by providing a mixture of methylene chloride, methylsulfone and aluminum trichloride, adding diphenyl ether and thereafter terephthaloyl chloride. The reaction mixture is then poured into cold methanol so as to make a slurry which is then filtered.
  • the first phase may contain at least 50% of the Lewis acid in the product mixture, more than 50% of the Lewis acid, at least 70% of the Lewis acid, at least 90% of the Lewis acid.
  • the second phase may contain at least at least 50% of the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene in the product mixture, more than 50% of the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene, at least 70% of the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene, at least 90% of the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene.
  • the first phase and the second phase are separated before subjecting the second phase to heating and cooling down.
  • both the first phase and the second phase are subjected to heating and cooling down, preferably under pressure, and preferably the first phase and the second phase are subsequently separated before subjecting the second phase to the solid/liquid separation step.
  • from 30 to 99.9 wt. %, preferably from 50 to 95 wt. %, more preferably from 60 to 90 wt. % of the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene contained in the second phase is dissolved in the second phase at the maximum temperature.
  • the maximum temperature is from 90 to 150° C., preferably from 100 to 140° C., more preferably from 110 to 135° C.
  • the separation temperature is at least 20° C., preferably is from 25 to 40° C.
  • the second phase is cooled down at a rate of from 10 to 50° C./h, preferably from 20 to 40° C./h.
  • the protic solvent is an aqueous solution, which preferably has a pH of not more than 5, more preferably not more than 3 and most preferably not more than 2.
  • the product mixture is poured into a vessel containing the protic solvent.
  • the solid/liquid separation step is a filtration step, preferably a centrifugal filtration step.
  • the method comprises one or more steps of washing the recovered solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene in a protic solvent, preferably methanol, and subjecting it to a further solid/liquid separation step, preferably by filtration and more preferably by centrifugal filtration.
  • a protic solvent preferably methanol
  • At least one of the steps of washing the solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene in a protic solvent is performed at a temperature of at least 20° C., preferably at a temperature of from 30 to 60° C.
  • the Lewis acid is aluminum trichloride.
  • the reaction solvent is a separate reaction solvent and may be ortho-dichlorobenzene. In some embodiments, the reaction solvent may be diphenyl ether.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for manufacturing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene with a high purity and a high yield. This method can be implemented at the industrial scale.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is an important parameter for the efficiency of the solid/liquid separation (e.g., filtration) step. Indeed, 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene tends to be present after dissociation of the complex in the form of fine plate-like particles which are inconvenient to separate from the surrounding liquid.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is partly dissolved and then recrystallized.
  • FIGS. 1A-B show micrographs of a sample A of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene obtained before the ripening step and a sample B of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene obtained after the ripening step, as described in more detail in the example section;
  • FIG. 2 shows a graph of the filtration time divided by the filtered volume (t/V) as a function of the filtered volume (V) as obtained in example 3.
  • the slope measured in this graph in the substantially linear area may be used in the Kozeny-Carman equation to calculate the specific cake resistance.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is the compound of formula I:
  • reaction results in the production of the compound of formula I which is predominantly in the form of a complex with the Lewis acid.
  • reaction comprises two stages.
  • one molecule of formula II reacts with one molecule of formula III to form the intermediate 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoyl chloride of formula IV, which is called an “active intermediate”:
  • 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid of formula IVa can also be produced to some extent (notably from the active intermediate of formula IV):
  • the corresponding 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid ester can be formed either directly from the acyl chloride of formula IV or from the carboxylic acid of formula IVa.
  • the acid form and/or the ester form of the intermediate can be formed during the reaction but they can also primarily be formed from the remaining active intermediate during subsequent workup (such as when the product mixture is mixed with a protic solvent, as described below).
  • the 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid and 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid ester are inactive and therefore remain as impurities in the product mixture.
  • the other main impurities produced by the reaction are xanthydrol moiety-containing molecules.
  • the reaction solvent is preferably a non-protic solvent.
  • a protic solvent is a solvent containing at least one hydrogen atom bound to an oxygen or nitrogen atom, and which is therefore able to donate protons to reagents.
  • a non-protic solvent is a solvent which is not a protic solvent.
  • the non-protic solvent used herein can in particular be selected from methylene chloride, carbon disulfide, ortho-dichlorobenzene, meta-dichlorobenzene, para-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, ortho-difluorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, nitrobenzene and mixtures thereof.
  • Ortho-dichlorobenzene is a preferred solvent.
  • Lewis acids which may be used include, for example, aluminum trichloride, aluminum tribromide, antimony pentachloride, antimony pentafluoride, indium trichloride, gallium trichloride, boron trichloride, boron trifluoride, zinc chloride, ferric chloride, stannic chloride, titanium tetrachloride, and molybdenum pentachloride.
  • Aluminum trichloride, boron trichloride, aluminum tribromide, titanium tetrachloride, antimony pentachloride, ferric chloride, gallium trichloride, and molybdenum pentachloride are preferred.
  • Aluminum trichloride is preferred.
  • the reaction between the compounds of formulas (II) and (III) to make the compound of formula (I) may be performed in a reactor.
  • the reactor can be for instance a glass reactor, a glass-lined reactor or a stainless-steel reactor.
  • the materials introduced into the reactor in the method of embodiments of the invention consist essentially, or consist, of the compounds of formulas (II) and (III), the reaction solvent and the Lewis acid.
  • an initial reactant mixture comprising (and preferably consisting of) terephthaloyl chloride and diphenyl ether in the reaction solvent.
  • the reactant mixture can be made by mixing the three components together, in any order.
  • the solvent can be introduced first in the reactor, and then the two reactants can be added to the reactor.
  • the Lewis acid is added to the reactant mixture.
  • the Lewis acid is added as a solid.
  • it can also be added as a suspension or a solution, preferably in the abovementioned solvent.
  • the Lewis acid is added in a particulate form, such as in the form of granules (having, e.g., a Dv80 of more than 1 mm) or in the form of a powder (having, e.g., a Dv80 of less than 1 mm, and preferably a Dv50 of less than 0.5 mm).
  • Dv80 and Dv50 are respectively the particle sizes at the 80 th and 50 th percentiles (in volume) of the cumulative size distribution of the Lewis acid particles. These parameters may be determined by sieving.
  • the weight concentrations and weight ratios of the reactants and of the catalyst are as follows:
  • the addition of the Lewis acid is preferably performed progressively, over a period of time which can advantageously range from 5 to 600 minutes, preferably from 30 to 300 minutes.
  • the addition can be performed continuously or with one or more interruptions. If it is performed continuously, it can be conducted at a constant rate of addition. Alternatively, the rate of addition can vary over time.
  • the reactant mixture may be agitated during at least part of the reaction step.
  • the reactor is preferably provided with an agitation device such as a mechanical stirrer (which may, e.g., comprise one or more impellers) or a recirculation loop with a pump.
  • an agitation device such as a mechanical stirrer (which may, e.g., comprise one or more impellers) or a recirculation loop with a pump.
  • the reactant mixture may be agitated using the agitation device during the addition of the Lewis acid.
  • the reaction step may optionally comprise a step of maintaining the reactant mixture, preferably under agitation, for a certain time, in order to complete the reaction to the desired degree.
  • the mixture is maintained from 0 to 600 min, more preferably from 5 to 180 min.
  • the reactant mixture becomes designated as a product mixture.
  • the reaction at stake is exothermic.
  • a temperature control system is provided, in order to control the temperature of the reactant mixture in the reactor, in particular during and after addition of the Lewis acid.
  • the temperature control system may in particular comprise a temperature sensor within the reactor and may be configured to cool and/or to heat the reactant mixture. Preferably, it is at least configured to cool the reactant mixture.
  • Devices for heating and/or cooling the reactant mixture may include a heat exchanger inside the reactor or in a recirculation loop, or a heat exchange fluid circuit in the jacket of the reactor.
  • the reactant mixture is cooled during and possibly also after the step of adding the Lewis acid, in order to prevent an excessively large or rapid increase in temperature of the reactant mixture as the reactants start reacting with each other.
  • the temperature of the reactant mixture is greater than 5° C. during at least part of the step of adding the Lewis acid to the reactant mixture.
  • the temperature of the reactant mixture is at least 10° C., or at least 15° C., or at least 20° C., or at least 25° C., or at least 30° C., or at least 35° C., or at least 40° C., or at least 45° C., or at least 50° C., or at least 55° C., or at least 60° C., during at least part of the step of adding the Lewis acid to the reactant mixture.
  • Conducting the reaction step at a relatively high temperature may result in an increase in the yield of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene, without any significant increase in the level of by-product impurities such as xanthydrol moiety-containing molecules.
  • the temperature during the step of adding the Lewis acid to the reactant mixture should preferably remain below a certain threshold in order to avoid any significant polymerization of the reactants into a PEKK polymer.
  • the temperature during the step of adding the Lewis acid to the reactant mixture should remain below the boiling temperature of the solvent.
  • the pressure in the reactor can range from 1 bar (atmospheric pressure) to 6 bar, preferably from 1.5 bar to 3 bar.
  • reaction may be performed at atmospheric pressure.
  • the temperature of the reactant mixture does not exceed 100° C., preferably 90° C., more preferably 80° C., even more preferably 70° C., during the step of adding the Lewis acid.
  • the temperature of the reactant mixture can remain constant during the step of adding the Lewis acid. Alternatively, it can vary during this step.
  • the temperature of the reactant mixture increases during the step of adding the Lewis acid, i.e., the final temperature is greater than the initial temperature.
  • the temperature difference ⁇ T between the final temperature and the initial temperature is from 1 to 70° C., preferably from 5 to 60° C., more preferably from 10 to 50° C., and in particular from 20 to 40° C.
  • the temperature of the reactant mixture continuously increases from the initial temperature to the final temperature.
  • the temperature of the reactant mixture may comprise one or more increase stages and one more plateau stages during the step of adding the Lewis acid.
  • the temperature of the reactant mixture may initially increase during a first part of the step of adding the Lewis acid, from the initial temperature to the final temperature, and then plateau at the final temperature during a second part of the step of adding the Lewis acid.
  • the plateaued temperature may be set with a precision of, e.g., +/ ⁇ 5° C., or +/ ⁇ 2° C., or +/ ⁇ 1° C.
  • the temperature of the reactant mixture during the optional step of maintaining the reactant mixture, after the addition of the Lewis acid.
  • the temperature of the mixture is maintained at the final temperature described above. In other variations, it increases or decreases relative to the final temperature.
  • a method of embodiments of the invention may comprise steps (after the reaction has been completed to the desired degree) for purifying 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene from the product mixture, and in particular from the solvent, catalyst and unreacted reactants as well as by-products.
  • said purification comprises the step of contacting the product mixture with a protic solvent, so as to recover a first phase containing the Lewis acid and a second phase containing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene.
  • the relative weight ratio of product mixture and protic solvent put in contact is preferably from 4 to 0.25, most preferably from 3 to 0.5, more preferably from 2 to 1.
  • the protic solvent can in particular be an organic solvent, such as methanol, acetic acid, formic acid, ethanol, isopropanol, and benzyl alcohol.
  • Methanol is preferred as an organic solvent.
  • the protic solvent can be an aqueous solution.
  • aqueous-organic solvent e.g., an aqueous solution mixed with methanol.
  • aqueous solution as the protic solvent for performing the dissociation of the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex is especially advantageous for two reasons.
  • the heat capacity of water (4.18 J ⁇ g ⁇ 1 K ⁇ 1 ) is notably higher compared to the heat capacity of methanol (2.51 J ⁇ g ⁇ 1 ⁇ K ⁇ 1 ).
  • This makes it possible to achieve a better dissipation of the heat generated by the highly exothermic dissociation of the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex. Less vapor may thus be generated than if, e.g., methanol is used. More generally, the safety of the process is improved.
  • the Lewis acid is recovered in the aqueous solution.
  • This aqueous stream can be more easily directly recycled and reused than, e.g., a methanol stream.
  • the Lewis acid is aluminum trichloride
  • the aqueous effluent of aluminum trichloride can be directly used as a flocculation agent in wastewater treatment.
  • aluminum trichloride in methanol is a waste effluent which should be disposed of.
  • the aqueous solution can be simply water. Alternatively, it can be an acidic solution, such as a solution of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, an organic acid such as formic acid and any combination of these.
  • the pH of the aqueous solution is not more than 7, preferably not more than 6, or not more than 5, or not more than 4, or not more than 3, or not more than 2.
  • the dissociation of the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex may be more efficient when an acidic solution is used.
  • a first possibility for contacting the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex with the protic solvent is to add the protic solvent to the product mixture, for example directly in the reactor.
  • the addition is preferably performed progressively, over a period of time which can advantageously range from 2 to 600 minutes, preferably from 10 to 180 minutes, more preferably from 20 to 60 minutes.
  • a second (preferred) possibility is to provide the protic solvent in a separate vessel and to subsequently add the product mixture to the protic solvent.
  • the addition is preferably performed progressively, over a period of time which can advantageously range 2 to 600 minutes, preferably from 10 to 180 minutes, more preferably from 20 to 60 minutes.
  • the mixture of protic solvent and product mixture may be agitated, using, e.g., an agitation device such a mechanical stirrer (which may, e.g., comprise one or more impellers) or a recirculation loop with a pump.
  • an agitation device such as a mechanical stirrer (which may, e.g., comprise one or more impellers) or a recirculation loop with a pump.
  • a third possibility is to simultaneously feed the aqueous solution and the product mixture into a reactor or a pipe.
  • the mixture of both can be maintained, preferably with agitation, for a period of time of, e.g., from 1 to 600 minutes, preferably from 10 to 300 minutes, more preferably from 30 to 180 minutes.
  • Temperature may optionally be controlled at this stage, and for instance the mixture may be cooled. Temperature control and cooling devices as already mentioned above may be used to this end.
  • the temperature is not controlled at this stage, and it thus rises, possibly up to the boiling point of one or more of the solvents (including e.g. water) present in the mixture.
  • the steam thus generated can be collected and then treated and/or recycled or disposed of.
  • the mixture can optionally cool down (or be actively cooled down) after this exothermic surge.
  • a first phase (containing protic solvent) and a second phase (containing reaction solvent) are obtained. If an aqueous solution is used as the protic solvent, the first phase is an aqueous phase and the second phase is an organic phase.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is mostly present in the second phase, e.g., at least 50 wt % of the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is present in the second phase, preferably more than 50 wt %, preferably at least 70 wt %, preferably at least 90 wt %, while the Lewis acid is mostly present in the first phase, e.g., at least 50 wt % of the Lewis acid is present in the first phase, preferably more than 50 wt %, preferably at least 70 wt %, preferably at least 90 wt %.
  • the first phase and second phase may be separated so as to be recovered separately, preferably by decantation. Accordingly, an upper phase may be transferred out from the top of the decantation device and/or a lower phase may be transferred from the bottom of the decantation device, to a second equipment. These transfers may be driven by one or more pumps, by gravity or by a difference in pressure.
  • the first phase contains the Lewis acid and can be further treated, or recycled, or disposed of, or preferably marketed or re-used in a different industrial process.
  • the second phase may contain 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene mostly in a solid/precipitated form.
  • the organic phase is optionally contacted again with a protic solvent, as described above, so as to recover again a first phase and a second phase. This operation may be repeated several times if desired, before the second phase is further treated.
  • a solid/liquid separation step which is preferably a filtration step, a centrifugation step or a sedimentation step, and more preferably a filtration step.
  • the filtration step can be performed for example on a filter press, a Nustche filter, a belt filter, a candle filter, a basket centrifuge, a decanter centrifuge, either in batch or continuous mode.
  • filtration is performed on a centrifugal filtration device.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene may be directly recovered from the mixture of first phase and second phase without prior separation of the first phase and second phase, by subjecting this mixture to said filtration step.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is retained on the filter, and the first phase and second phase are collected at an outlet of the filtration device and may be separated at this time.
  • the centrifugal filtration device may in particular have a horizontal axis or a vertical axis.
  • Centrifugal filtration is preferably performed at an acceleration rate of from 2 to 1500 g, more preferably of from 5 to 1000 g, and most preferably of from 10 to 800 g.
  • Different acceleration values or ranges may be used during successive phases of centrifugal filtration, such as a loading phase, a washing phase and/or a dewatering phase.
  • a low acceleration may be applied first, followed by higher acceleration.
  • the dry solid matter content of the filtered product at the end of the filtration is preferably from 65 wt. % to 99 wt. %, more preferably from 70 wt. % to 98 wt. %, even more preferably from 80 to 97 wt. %, and most preferably from 90 to 96 wt. %.
  • the efficiency of the solid/liquid separation step is improved by the ripening step, which is performed before said solid/liquid separation step.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is a parameter affecting the efficiency of the solid/liquid separation step.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene tends to be present after dissociation of the complex in the form of fine plate-like particles which are inconvenient to separate from the surrounding liquid.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is partly dissolved and then recrystallized.
  • the ripening step is performed without prior separation of the first phase and second phase (so that both phases are subjected to the ripening step).
  • the ripening step is performed only on the second phase, after the first phase and second phase are separated.
  • the second phase (pre-separated or not) is first heated up to a maximum temperature, and cooled down to a separation temperature. Therefore, 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene gets partly dissolved in the second phase and recrystallizes as particles typically shaped as stacks of thin plates, which results in a more favorable morphology of the solid form of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene for the solid/liquid separation step.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene does not get fully dissolved during the ripening step. Indeed, the presence of remaining solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene particles in the second phase may make it possible to recrystallize 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene in a relatively quick and efficient manner, since said remaining particles tend to act as crystallization seeds.
  • the maximum proportion of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene dissolved in the second phase during the ripening step can for instance be from 20 to 30 wt. %, or from 30 to 40 wt. %, or from 40 to 50 wt. %, or from 50 to 60 wt. %, or from 60 to 70 wt. %, or from 70 to 80 wt. %, or from 80 to 90 wt. %, or from 90 to 95 wt. %, or from 95 to 99 wt. %.
  • Typical devices for heating the second phase and controlling the temperature are as described above.
  • the maximum temperature reached during the ripening step may be for instance from 80 to 90° C., or from 90 to 100° C., or from 100 to 110° C., or from 110 to 120° C., or from 120 to 130° C., or from 130 to 140° C., or from 140 to 150° C., or from 150 to 160° C.
  • the selection of the maximum temperature depends on the nature of the non-protic solvent and of the protic solvent used in the method. A temperature range of from 110 to 135° C. has been found particularly advantageous when ortho-dichlorobenzene is used as a non-protic solvent and an aqueous solution is used as a protic solvent.
  • the first phase may be necessary to separate the first phase from the second phase before the ripening step.
  • water forms an azeotrope with ortho-dichlorobenzene, having a low boiling point at atmospheric pressure of 98° C. Therefore, it is preferred to separate the first phase from the second phase before the ripening step, if the protic solvent is an aqueous solvent and if the non-protic solvent is ortho-dichlorobenzene, so that a desired maximum temperature for the second phase of, e.g., from 110 to 135° C. can be effectively reached, at atmospheric pressure.
  • part or all of the ripening step is performed under pressure, for instance at an absolute pressure of from 1.5 to 2 bar, or from 2 to 5 bar, or from 5 to 10 bar, or from 10 to 20 bar, or from 20 to 50 bar. This may in particular make it possible to reach the desired maximum temperature for the second phase without previously separating it from the first phase.
  • the heating rate during the ripening step may be for instance from 0.1 to 10° C./min, preferably from 0.2 to 5° C./min, more preferably from 0.5 to 1° C./min.
  • the second phase can optionally be maintained at the maximum temperature, preferably for 1 to 600 min, more preferably from 5 to 300 min, more preferably from 15 to 120 min.
  • the second phase (pre-separated or not) is cooled down in a controlled manner, using cooling and temperature control systems as already described above.
  • the cooling rate is preferably sufficiently low so that 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene properly crystallizes, but not excessively low so as to optimize the overall economic efficiency of the method of embodiments of the invention.
  • the cooling rate may for instance be from 5 to 10° C./h, or from 10 to 15° C./h, or from 15 to 20° C./h, or from 20 to 25° C./h, or from 25 to 30° C./h, or from 30 to 35° C./h, or from 35 to 40° C./h, or from 40 to 45° C./h, or from 45 to 50° C./h, or from 50 to 55° C./h, or from 55 to 60° C./h. Rates comprised between 20 and 40° C./h and notably between 25 and 35° C./h have been found to be particularly advantageous.
  • the temperature may decrease at a substantially constant rate during this cooling down stage. In other variations, the temperature may decrease at a non-constant rate. In such cases, the rate ranges mentioned above are meant to be average rates over the entire cooling down stage.
  • the second phase (pre-separated or not) reaches the so-called separation temperature, which is less than the maximum temperature.
  • the proportion of solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene in the second phase is preferably at least 90 wt. %, and more preferably at least 95 wt. %, or at least 98 wt. %, or at least 99 wt. %, or at least 99.5 wt. %, or at least 99.9 wt. %.
  • a characteristic of a suspension commonly used to describe its ability to be filtered is the cake specific resistance.
  • the cake specific resistance of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene after the ripening step is preferably at least twice as low, more preferably three times as low, or five times as low, or ten times as low as the cake specific resistance of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene before the ripening step.
  • the cake specific resistance of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene after the ripening step is preferably from 5 ⁇ 10 7 m/kg to 1.5 ⁇ 10 10 m/kg, more preferably from 1 ⁇ 10 8 m/kg to 1 ⁇ 10 10 m/kg, more preferably from 2 ⁇ 10 8 m/kg to 5 ⁇ 10 9 m/kg.
  • the solid/liquid separation step (preferably a filtration step) is preferably performed at the separation temperature defined above.
  • the separation temperature can, e.g., generally range from ⁇ 20 to 0° C., or from 0 to 20° C., or it can be at least 20° C., such as 20° C. to 120° C.
  • a separation temperature of at least 20° C. is preferred, especially (but not exclusively) if an aqueous solution is used as a protic solvent, for the following reasons.
  • 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid is less soluble than 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid esters in the reaction solvent; and that contacting the product mixture with an aqueous solution results in a greater proportion of 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid (relative to the total of 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid and 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid ester) than contacting the product mixture with a non-aqueous solvent, such as methanol.
  • a non-aqueous solvent such as methanol
  • the solid/liquid separation step is performed at a temperature of at least 20° C. Possible temperature ranges for this step are in particular from 20 to 25° C., from 25 to 30° C., from 30 to 35° C., from 35 to 40° C., and from 40 to 45° C.
  • a temperature control system In order to maintain the desired temperature during the liquid/solid separation step, use may be made of a temperature control system and cooling and/or heating devices as described above.
  • said solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is further purified by washing it in a protic solvent.
  • a protic solvent is advantageous as 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is highly insoluble in such a solvent.
  • the protic solvent at this stage can be an aqueous solution.
  • the protic solvent at this stage is an organic solvent.
  • Methanol is a particularly preferred solvent.
  • Other possibilities include, e.g., acetic acid, formic acid, ethanol, isopropanol, and benzyl alcohol.
  • the weight ratio of solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene to protic solvent used at this washing step may be, e.g., be from 0.3 to 20, preferably from 0.6 to 10, more preferably from 1 to 5.
  • the washing step may be performed by mixing the solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene recovered at the previous step with the protic solvent in a vessel.
  • the duration of such a washing step may be, e.g., from 5 to 900 min, preferably from 15 to 300 min, more preferably from 45 to 120 min.
  • washing and filtering may be performed concomitantly in this device.
  • the washing step and the subsequent or concomitant solid/liquid separation step are preferably performed at a temperature of at least 20° C. Operating at relatively high temperature is advantageous for the reasons already mentioned above, i.e., this helps solubilize 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid-type impurities, and in particular 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid itself.
  • Possible temperature ranges for these steps are in particular from 20 to 25° C., from 25 to 30° C., from 30 to 35° C., from 35 to 40° C., from 40 to 45° C., from 45 to 50° C., from 50 to 55° C., and from 55 to 60° C.
  • Temperature control during these steps can be performed as described above.
  • the washing and solid/liquid separation steps may optionally be repeated one or more times, in exactly the same manner or in a different manner.
  • different protic solvents, different washing durations and/or different temperatures may be used in the various washing and solid/liquid separation steps.
  • an acceleration rate preferably from 2 to 1500 g, more preferably of from 5 to 1000 g, and most preferably of from 10 to 800 g, may be used.
  • the dry solid matter content of the filtered product at the end of the filtration may be from 85 wt. % to 99 wt. %, more preferably from 88 wt. % to 98 wt. % and most preferably from 90 to 97 wt. %.
  • the recovered solid may be dried, preferably at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum in an oven or a dryer.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene in a substantially pure form i.e., at a purity of at least 98.5 wt. %, preferably 99.0 wt. % and more preferably 99.5 wt. %, is recovered.
  • the purity of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene may be determined by a number of methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Preferably, said purity is determined by HPLC.
  • the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene obtained according to the embodiments of invention can subsequently be used to perform a polymerization reaction so as to make a PEKK polymer.
  • 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene is reacted with at least one difunctional aromatic acyl chloride.
  • the difunctional aromatic acyl chloride may in particular include terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride and more preferably a mixture of terephthaloyl chloride and isophthaloyl chloride.
  • the reaction is preferably implemented in a solvent.
  • the solvent is preferably a non-protic solvent, which can in particular be selected from methylene chloride, carbon disulfide, ortho-dichlorobenzene, meta-dichlorobenzene, para-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, ortho-difluorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, nitrobenzene and mixtures thereof.
  • Ortho-dichlorobenzene is a preferred solvent.
  • the reaction is preferably implemented in the presence of a Lewis acid as a catalyst.
  • Lewis acids which may be used include, for example, aluminum trichloride, aluminum tribromide, antimony pentachloride, antimony pentafluoride, indium trichloride, gallium trichloride, boron trichloride, boron trifluoride, zinc chloride, ferric chloride, stannic chloride, titanium tetrachloride, and molybdenum pentachloride.
  • Aluminum trichloride, boron trichloride, aluminum tribromide, titanium tetrachloride, antimony pentachloride, ferric chloride, gallium trichloride, and molybdenum pentachloride are preferred.
  • Aluminum trichloride is preferred.
  • the polymerization can be implemented in the same reactor as the one used for the production of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene. But more preferably it is implemented in one or more other reactors.
  • the polymerization can be carried out at a temperature ranging from, e.g., 50 to 120° C.
  • the method of making the PEKK polymer advantageously also comprises one or more steps for purifying the PEKK polymer, such as steps of:
  • the protic solvent used to make the PEKK slurry may be, e.g., methanol.
  • the PEKK polymer can then be recovered from the PEKK slurry by filtration. If necessary, the polymer can be washed, preferably by a protic solvent such as methanol, and filtrated again, once or several times. Washing can be performed for example by re-slurrying the polymer in the solvent.
  • a protic solvent such as methanol
  • the suspension thus obtained was then heated up to 120° C., and cooled down to 35° C. in 3 h.
  • a wet solid was thus obtained and removed from the centrifuge, having a solids content of 96 wt. % as measured by its weight loss on drying. It was then dried overnight under vacuum.
  • 183 g of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene were thus recovered, with a purity of about 99.75% as determined by HPLC.
  • Example 2 A synthesis similar to Example 1 was carried out. After the removal of the second acidic aqueous phase, a sample A of the organic suspension was taken and analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The remaining organic suspension was then heated up to 118° C. and then cooled down at 23° C. in 3 h. A second sample B of the suspension was then taken and also analyzed by SEM.
  • SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy
  • FIG. 1 Micrographs of sample A (2000 ⁇ magnification) and sample B (1000 ⁇ magnification) are shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the amount of filtrate collected in the flask was registered as a function of time. After conversion of the mass data into Volume using the density of the liquid, the filtration time divided by the filtered volume (t/V) was plotted as a function of the filtered volume (V) (see FIG. 2 ).
  • a method for manufacturing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene comprising:

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US11358924B2 (en) 2017-05-18 2022-06-14 Arkema France Dissociation of a 1,4-bis (4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-lewis acid complex in an aqueous solution
US11434188B2 (en) 2018-11-09 2022-09-06 Arkema France Method for manufacturing 1,4-bis (4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene at an elevated temperature

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US10793500B2 (en) * 2017-05-16 2020-10-06 Arkema France Dissociation of 1,4-bis (4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene—Lewis acid complex in a protic solvent
ES2829260T3 (es) 2017-05-16 2021-05-31 Arkema France Método para fabricar 1,4-bis(4-fenoxibenzoil)benceno usando cloruro de tereftaloílo sustancialmente no hidrolizado
EP3404008B1 (fr) 2017-05-16 2020-08-12 Arkema France Procédé de fabrication de 1,4-bis (4-phénoxybenzoyle) benzène à une température élevée
KR20220028244A (ko) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-08 한화솔루션 주식회사 1,4-비스(4-페녹시벤조일)벤젠을 제조하는 방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 1,4-비스(4-페녹시벤조일)벤젠

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