TWI833718B - 過氧化體增殖物活化受體之活化劑 - Google Patents
過氧化體增殖物活化受體之活化劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI833718B TWI833718B TW107140604A TW107140604A TWI833718B TW I833718 B TWI833718 B TW I833718B TW 107140604 A TW107140604 A TW 107140604A TW 107140604 A TW107140604 A TW 107140604A TW I833718 B TWI833718 B TW I833718B
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- cyanophenyl
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Abstract
一種過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,含有以下通式(I)表示之化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物 (式中,R1
、R2
、R3
、R6
、R7
及R8
(但,R1
、R2
、R3
及R8
不構成環的情況)可相同或相異,表示氫原子、鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基、羥基、胺基、羧基、巰基、碳數1~8之烷基硫醚基、硝基或氰基)。
Description
發明領域
本發明有關於過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑。
本案主張基於已在2017年11月15日於日本提出申請之日本特願2017-220362號及已在2018年7月12日於日本提出申請之日本特願2018-132701的優先權,且其內容援用於此。
過氧化體(peroxisome)是可見於動植物細胞中的小胞器,在其基質中含有以過氧化氫酶為首之各種酵素。過氧化體增殖物(peroxisome proliferator)是誘發過氧化體增殖的物質,且已知透過投予高脂血症治療藥(貝特類(fibrates))、除草劑、鄰苯二甲酸鹽塑化劑等,會發生過氧化體之增加、誘導過氧化氫酶等的基因表現。
Isseman等人利用此過氧化體增殖物鑑定被活化之核內受體,並且命名為過氧化體增殖物活化受體(peroxisome proliferator activated receptor: 以下,PPAR) (非專利文獻1)。
迄今PPAR已被確認有PPARα、PPARγ及PPARδ此3種次類型存在(非專利文獻2)。其中,有報告指出PPARα在腎臟、肝臟、心臟及骨格肌等大量消費脂肪酸的臟器中高度表現(非專利文獻3)。
上述貝特系藥劑對該PPARα具有配位子之效果,且具有強血清TG(三酸甘油酯)之減少作用,因此可用作為高脂血症治療藥。
貝特系藥劑已知有例如下式表示的克利貝特(clinofibrate):
[化學式1]
(專利文獻1);
下式表示的非諾貝特(fenofibrate):
[化學式2]
(專利文獻2);
下式表示的苯扎貝特(bezafibrate) :
[化學式3]
(專利文獻3)等。
又,有報告指出PPAR告除了高脂血症以外,亦與例如動脈硬化、肥胖、糖尿病、代謝症候群、心衰竭或慢性腎臟病等有關聯(非專利文獻4),而可期待作為該等疾病之治療/預防藥。又,已知該等疾病伴隨酸性尿的情況多,會使尿路結石,特別是尿酸結石的風險上升(非專利文獻5、非專利文獻6),然亦有報告指出,貝特系藥劑具有酸性尿的改善效果(非專利文獻7)。
再者,本案發明人等發現下式表示的衍生物會抑制經由尿酸轉運子URAT1之尿酸的再吸收,作為痛風或高尿酸血症之預防及治療劑是有用的,便申請專利(專利文獻4)。
[化學式4]
(式中,虛線表示單鍵或雙鍵,
Q表示CR8
、NR9
或N,
Q為CR8
時,R3
與R8
鍵結且與虛線構成之環共同形成萘環或喹啉環,或者,以選自R1
與R2
、R2
與R8
及R3
與R8
中之任一組合來鍵結且與其等所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成5員環雜芳環,該5員環雜芳環含有選自氮原子、氧原子及硫原子中之1~3個雜原子作為環構成元素,該雜芳環進一步與虛線構成之環形成縮合環,
在此,虛線構成之環是環內雙鍵數會成為最大之環;
Q為N時,R1
與R2
鍵結且與虛線構成之環共同形成喹啉環;
Q為NR9
時,R3
與R9
鍵結或R2
與R9
鍵結,而與虛線構成之環共同形成咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶環;
R1
、R2
、R3
及R8
不構成環時,可相同或相異,表示氫原子、鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、3~7員環之環烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基、碳數2~8之烯基、碳數2~8之炔基、碳數1~8之烷基胺基、碳數2~12之二烷基胺基、烷基之碳數為1~8之烷基氧基羰基、羥基、胺基、羧基、硝基、氰基、CONR’R’’、SR’或SO2
NR’R’’,
在此,R’及R’’可相同或相異,為氫原子或碳數1~8之烷基,
R1
、R2
、R3
及R8
構成環時,該環可具有1~4個可相同或相異之取代基,該取代基與前述不構成環時之R1
相同;
A表示具有1~5個可相同或相異之取代基的苯基、萘基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡基(pyrazyl)、嗒基(pyridazyl)、喹啉基或異喹啉基,該取代基與前述不構成環時之R1
相同,
在此,A透過構成環之碳原子與虛線構成之環鍵結;
X表示NR11
、氧原子或硫原子,
在此,R11
表示氫原子、碳數1~8之烷基或經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基;
Y表示碳數1~8之伸烷基鏈,
在此,該伸烷基鏈可經下列者取代:1~4個相同或相異之碳數1~8的烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基、3~7員環之環烷基、或含有選自氧原子、硫原子及氮原子中之1~2個雜原子作為環構成元素之4~7員環的飽和雜環;又,該伸烷基鏈可為直鏈伸烷基鏈,亦可為支鏈伸烷基鏈,支鏈伸烷基鏈之鍵結於相同或相異碳原子之側鏈亦可與其等所鍵結之碳原子共同形成3~7員環,該伸烷基鏈為碳數2~8之伸烷基鏈時更可在途中具有雙鍵;
Z表示CO2
H、CON(R12
)(R13
)、CO2
(R14
)、SO2
N(R15
)(R16
)或四唑基。
在此,R12
、R14
、及R15
表示氫原子、碳數1~8之烷基或經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基,
R13
及R16
表示氫原子、碳數1~8之烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、可具有取代基之苯基、可具有取代基之吡啶基、嗒基、嘧啶基,或者,吡基或可具有取代基之5員環雜芳環,該5員環雜芳環含有選自氮原子、氧原子及硫原子中之1~3個雜原子作為環構成元素。
但,R3
與R8
鍵結且與虛線構成之環共同形成萘環、X為氧原子、A為萘且在A之1位上與虛線構成之環鍵結時,A之2位非碳數1~8之烷氧基或羥基,更非3-[[1-(2-氟苯基)萘-2-基]硫基]丙酸乙酯。)
然而,前述專利文獻並無內容明確記載到該等化合物具有過氧化體增殖物活化受體之活性作用。又,以抑制URAT1等為機制之尿酸排泄促進藥因會促進尿酸排洩到尿中而有尿酸結石的風險,酸性尿會有使風險更提高的疑慮。
先行技術文獻
專利文獻
[專利文獻1]日本特開昭48-54047號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開昭54-81244號公報
[專利文獻3]特公昭51-12618號公報
[專利文獻4]國際公開第2016/108282號小冊
非專利文獻
[非專利文獻1]Nature,347,p645-650,1990
[非專利文獻2]Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, p7335-7359, 1994
[非專利文獻3]Endocrinology, 137, p354-366, 1996
[非專利文獻4]The Lipid, Vol. 27, No. 4, P336-371, 2016
[非專利文獻5]泌尿器科紀要, Vol. 57, No.1 ,P43-47, 2011
[非專利文獻6]Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, Vol. 5, P1277-1281, 2010
[非專利文獻7]Gout and Nucleic Acid Metabolism, Vol. 30, No.2, P211-215, 2006
發明概要
發明欲解決之課題
本發明之目的在於提供一種具有優異過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化作用,且對受到過氧化體增殖物活化受體α調控之疾病,例如高脂血症、脂質異常症、糖尿病等疾病之治療或預防劑。
用以解決課題之手段
本案發明人等精心探討,結果發現在專利文獻4揭示之具有URAT1抑制活性的化合物具有優異的過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化作用,進而完成本發明。
亦即,本發明具有以下態様。
(1)一種過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,含有以下通式表示之化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物:
[化學式5]
(式中,R1
、R2
、R3
、R6
、R7
及R8
(但,R1
、R2
、R3
及R8
不構成環時)可相同或相異,表示氫原子、鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基、羥基、胺基、羧基、巰基、碳數1~8之烷基硫醚基、硝基或氰基,
R1
、R2
、R3
及R8
構成環時,係以選自R1
與R2
、R2
與R8
及R3
與R8
中之任一組合來鍵結,且與其等所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成苯環、吡啶環或5員環雜芳環,該5員環雜芳環含有選自氮原子、氧原子及硫原子中之1~3個雜原子作為環構成元素,
在此,該苯環、吡啶環及雜芳環可無取代或具有選自下列之取代基:1~4個相同或相異之鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基、羥基、胺基、羧基、巰基、碳數1~8之烷基硫醚基、硝基或氰基;
R4
及R5
係與R4
及R5
所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成苯環,或表示與前述R1
相同者,
在此,該苯環可無取代或具有選自下列之取代基:1~4個相同或相異之鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基、羥基、胺基、羧基、巰基、碳數1~8之烷基硫醚基、硝基或氰基;
W表示CR9
或N,
在此,R9
表示與前述R1
相同者;
X表示NR10
、氧原子或硫原子,
在此,R10
表示氫原子、碳數1~8之烷基或經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基;
Y表示碳數1~8之伸烷基鏈或碳數2~6之伸烯基鏈,
在此,該伸烷基鏈及伸烯基鏈可無取代或經下列者取代:1~4個碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基;又,該伸烷基鏈可為直鏈伸烷基鏈,亦可為支鏈伸烷基鏈,支鏈伸烷基鏈之鍵結於相同或相異碳原子的側鏈亦可與其等所鍵結之碳原子共同形成3~7員環,且該伸烷基鏈為碳數2~8之伸烷基鏈時更可在途中具有雙鍵;
Z表示CO2
H、CO2
R11
、四唑基或SO2
NR12
R13
,
在此,R11
表示碳數1~8之烷基,R12
及R13
可相同或相異,表示氫原子、碳數1~8之烷基或經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基。
但,R3
及R8
與R3
及R8
所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成苯環、X為氧原子且R4
及R5
與R4
及R5
所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成苯環時,R7
非碳數1~8之烷氧基或羥基)。
(2)如前述(1)之過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,其含有R3
及R8
與R3
及R8
所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成苯環或吡啶環之前述化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物。
(3)如前述(1)之過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,其含有前述化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物,且前述化合物之R3
及R8
與R3
及R8
所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成5員環雜芳環,該5員環雜芳環含有選自氮原子、氧原子及硫原子中之2個雜原子作為環構成元素。
(4)如前述(1)或(3)之過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,其含有R3
及R8
與R3
及R8
所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成噻唑或異噻唑之前述化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物。
(5)如前述(1)至(4)之過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,其含有前述化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物,且前述化合物之R1
、R2
、R6
、及R7
相同或相異,為氫原子、鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基或氰基。
(6)如前述(1)至(5)之過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,其含有R6
為鹵素原子、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、氰基之前述化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物。
(7)如前述(1)至(6)之過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,其含有W為CH之前述化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物。
(8)如前述(1)至(7)之過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,其含有X為氧原子或硫原子之前述化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物。
(9)如前述(1)至(8)之過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,其含有Y為以下通式(II)表示之前述化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物:
[化學式6]
(式中,Ra
、Rb
可相同或相異,表示碳數1~8之烷基,或者,Ra
與Rb
鍵結且與其等所鍵結之碳原子共同形成3~7員環,然後-表示鍵結部位)。
(10)如前述(1)至(9)之過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑,其含有Z為CO2
H之前述化合物、該化合物之互變異構物、立體異構物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或者其等之溶劑合物。
(11)一種受過氧化體增殖物活化受體α介導之疾病之治療及/或預防方法,其特徵在於;對需要之患者投予治療學上有效量之如前述(1)至(10)中任一之化合物或其鹽。
(12)如前述(11)之治療及/或預防方法,其中受過氧化體增殖物活化受體α介導之疾病為高脂血症、脂質異常症、高膽固醇血症、高TG血症、低HDL血症、高LDL血症、非HDL血症、高VLDL血症、脂蛋白異常症、低脂蛋白元A-I血症、動脈粥狀硬化症、動脈硬化性疾病、冠狀動脈疾病、腦血管疾病、末梢血管疾病、代謝症候群、X症候群、包含內臟脂肪型肥胖之肥胖、糖尿病、高血糖、胰島素抗性、耐糖能異常、高胰島素血症、糖尿病性併發症、心衰竭、心肌梗塞、心肌症、高血壓、慢性腎臟病、脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪肝炎、血栓、阿茲海默症、神經變性疾病、脫髓鞘性疾病、多發性硬化症、腎上腺腦白失養症、皮膚炎、乾癬、痤瘡、皮膚老化、毛髮生長異常、炎症、關節炎、哮喘、過敏性腸症候群、潰瘍性大腸炎、克隆氏病、胰炎以及包含結腸癌、大腸癌、皮膚癌、乳癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌及肺癌之癌症。
(13)如前述(11)或(12)之治療及/或預防方法,其中受過氧化體增殖物活化受體α介導之疾病為各種脂質異常症、代謝症候群、包含內臟脂肪型肥胖之肥胖、動脈粥狀硬化症及其關聯疾患或糖尿病。
(14)一種如前述(1)至(10)中任一之化合物或其鹽之用途,係用於治療及/或預防受過氧化體增殖物活化受體α介導之疾病。
(15)如前述(14)之用途,其中受過氧化體增殖物活化受體α介導之疾病為高脂血症、脂質異常症、高膽固醇血症、高TG血症、低HDL血症、高LDL血症、非HDL血症、高VLDL血症、脂蛋白異常症、低脂蛋白元A-I血症、動脈粥狀硬化症、動脈硬化性疾病、冠狀動脈疾病、腦血管疾病、末梢血管疾病、代謝症候群、X症候群、包含內臟脂肪型肥胖之肥胖、糖尿病、高血糖、胰島素抗性、耐糖能異常、高胰島素血症、糖尿病性併發症、心衰竭、心肌梗塞、心肌症、高血壓、慢性腎臟病、脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪肝炎、血栓、阿茲海默症、神經變性疾病、脫髓鞘性疾病、多發性硬化症、腎上腺腦白失養症、皮膚炎、乾癬、痤瘡、皮膚老化、毛髮生長異常、炎症、關節炎、哮喘、過敏性腸症候群、潰瘍性大腸炎、克隆氏病、胰炎以及包含結腸癌、大腸癌、皮膚癌、乳癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌及肺癌之癌症。
(16)如前述(14)或(15)之用途,其中受PPAR介導之疾病為各種脂質異常症、代謝症候群、包含內臟脂肪型肥胖之肥胖、動脈粥狀硬化症及其關聯疾病或糖尿病。
(17)一種酸性尿之改善方法,其特徵在於:投予有效量之如前述(1)至(10)記載之化合物或其鹽,以改善受過氧化體增殖物活化受體α介導之疾病所伴隨發生的酸性尿,。
(18)一種如前述(1)至(10)之化合物或其鹽之用途,係用以改善受過氧化體增殖物活化受體α介導之疾病所伴隨發生的酸性尿。
(19)如前述(17)之方法,其用以治療及/或預防尿路結石、尿酸結石。
(20)如前述(18)之用途,其用以治療及/或預防尿路結石、尿酸結石。
(21)如前述(17)或(19)之方法,其用以治療及/或預防尿路結石、尿酸結石所致腎功能異常。
(22)如前述(18)或(20)之用途,其用以治療及/或預防尿路結石、尿酸結石所致腎功能異常。
接著詳細說明本發明。
本說明書中,R1
~R13
、Ra
及Rb
表示之碳數1~8之烷基可舉甲基、乙基、丙基、iso-丙基、丁基、iso-丁基、tert-丁基、戊基或己基等,且宜舉碳數1~3之甲基、乙基、丙基等。
R1
及R13
表示之經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基可舉經1~3個氟原子、氯原子或溴原子等鹵素原子取代之前述烷基,且宜舉三氟甲基、氯甲基、2-氯乙基、2-溴乙基或2-氟乙基等,舉三氟甲基更佳。
R1
~R9
表示之碳數1~8之烷氧基可舉甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、異丙氧基、丁氧基、iso-丁氧基、tert-丁氧基、戊氧基或己氧基等,且宜舉甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基等。
R1
~R9
表示之經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基可舉經1~3個氟原子、氯原子或溴原子等鹵素原子取代之甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、iso-丙氧基、丁氧基或tert-丁氧基等,且宜舉三氟甲氧基、氯甲氧基、2-氯乙氧基、2-溴乙氧基或2-氟乙氧基等。
R1
~R9
表示之烷基硫醚基可舉碳數1~8之直鏈或支鏈者,可舉例如甲基硫醚基、乙基硫醚基、丙基硫醚基、丁基硫醚基、iso-丁基硫醚基、tert-丁基硫醚基等,且宜舉甲基硫醚基、乙基硫醚基。
R1
~R9
表示之鹵素原子可舉氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子,且宜為氟原子、氯原子。
在R1
、R2
、R3
及R8
構成環時,宜以R3
與R8
之組合來鍵結。此時,與R3
及R8
所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成5員環雜芳環且該雜芳環含有選自氮原子、氧原子及硫原子中之1~3個雜原子作為環構成元素時,雜芳環可舉噻唑、異噻唑、噁唑、異噁唑、2,1,3-噻二唑等,且宜舉噻唑、異噻唑。
R1
、R2
、R3
及R8
構成環時,前述苯環、吡啶環及雜芳環之環上的取代基可舉1~4個相同或相異之鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基、羥基、胺基、羧基、巰基、碳數1~8之烷基硫醚基、硝基或氰基,且宜舉鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、羥基、胺基、羧基、巰基、硝基或氰基,舉碳數1~8之烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基等更佳。
R4
及R5
與其所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成之苯環之環上的取代基可舉1~4個相同或相異之鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基、羥基、胺基、羧基、巰基、碳數1~8之烷基硫醚基、硝基或氰基,且宜舉鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、羥基、胺基、羧基、巰基、硝基或氰基,舉鹵素原子、碳數1~8之烷基、羥基更佳。
Ra
及Rb
為鍵結且與其等所鍵結之碳原子共同表示之3~7員環環烷烴可舉如環丙烷環、環丁烷環、環戊烷環、環己烷環等,且宜舉環丁烷環、環戊烷環。
以Y表示之伸烷基鏈可舉亞甲基、伸乙基、伸丙基、伸丁基、iso-伸丁基等碳數1~8之直鏈或支鏈者,且宜舉亞甲基、伸乙基、伸丙基。
以Y表示之伸烯基鏈意指具有1~3個雙鍵之碳原子數2~6之直鏈或支鏈者,可舉例如、伸乙烯基、伸烯丙基、1-伸丙烯基、異伸丙烯基、1-、2-或3-伸丁烯基、1,3-伸丁二烯基等,且宜舉伸乙烯基、伸芳基。
以Y表示之伸烷基鏈及伸烯基鏈上的取代基可舉1~4個碳數1~8之烷基、碳數1~8之烷氧基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷氧基,且宜舉碳數1~8之烷基。
又,取代基數宜為2。
在以Y表示之支鏈伸烷基鏈中,鍵結在相同或相異碳原子之側鏈可與其等所鍵結之碳原子共同形成之3~7員環可舉環丙烷、環丁烷、環戊烷等。
本發明所使用之化合物(I)中,適宜之態樣可舉如下情況:W為CR9
,R1
、R2
、R4
、R5
、R7
及R9
為氫原子、碳數1~8之烷基、鹵素原子、羥基,R6
為鹵素原子、經1~3個鹵素原子取代之碳數1~8的烷基、氰基,R3
及R8
與R3
及R8
所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成5員環雜芳環且該5員環雜芳環含有選自氮原子、氧原子及硫原子中之2個雜原子作為環構成元素,X為氧原子或硫原子,在Y中,Ra
及Rb
為碳數1~8之烷基,Z為CO2
H。
進一步,本發明所使用之化合物(I)中,適宜之態樣可舉如下情況:W為CR9
,R1
、R4
、R5
、R7
及R9
為氫原子,R2
為氫原子或氟原子,R6
為氟原子或氯原子、三氟甲基、氰基,R3
及R8
與R3
及R8
所鍵結之2個碳原子共同形成之雜芳環為噻唑或異噻唑,X為硫原子,在Y中,Ra
及Rb
為碳數1~3之烷基,Z為CO2
H。
上述通式(I)之鹽只要是製藥上容許之鹽則無特別限制,可舉例如下述之酸加成鹽:與鹽酸、硫酸等礦酸之鹽,與甲酸、醋酸、檸檬酸、三氯醋酸、三氟乙酸、反丁烯二酸、順丁烯二酸等有機羧酸之鹽,與甲磺酸、苯磺酸、p-甲苯磺酸、均三甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸等磺酸之鹽等;如下之鹼加成鹽:與鋰、鈉、鉀等鹼金屬之鹽,與鈣、鎂等鹼土類金屬之鹽,與銨鹽、三甲胺、三乙胺、三丁胺、吡啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N-甲基哌啶、N-甲基嗎啉、二乙胺、環己胺、普鲁卡因、二苄基胺、N-苄基-β-苯乙胺、1-二苯羥甲胺(ephenamine)、N,N’-二苄基乙二胺等含氮有機鹼之鹽等。
又,化合物(I)中亦有存在順反異構物、光學活性體或外消旋體等立體異構物之情況,然皆可用於本發明。
又,就化合物(I)而言,亦可為互變異構物、水合物、與醇等有機溶劑之溶劑合物、經氘等穩定同位素取代之衍生物,進一步亦可為前藥。
本發明所使用之化合物(I)可藉由專利文獻4記載之方法來製造。
化合物(I)或其鹽可與用以在固狀或液體形態下作口服投予等之製藥上可容許之載體一起處方為組成物,以作為過氧化體增殖物活化受體α之活化劑。
用於口服投予之固狀製劑可舉膠囊劑、錠劑、丸劑、散劑及顆粒劑等。在調製該固狀製劑時一般是將本發明化合物與至少1種之非活性稀釋劑,例如蔗糖、乳糖或澱粉混和。又,該製劑在通常之製劑化中,亦可使用非活性稀釋劑以外之追加物質,例如潤滑劑(例如硬脂酸鎂等)。在膠囊劑、錠劑及丸劑之情況,亦可進一步使用緩衝劑。在錠劑及丸劑亦可施加腸溶性被膜。
用於口服投予之液體製劑可舉習於此藝者間普遍使用之非活性稀釋劑,例如含有水之製藥上可容許之乳劑、溶液、懸浮劑、糖漿劑及酏劑。除了該非活性稀釋劑,還可在組成物摻合補助劑,例如濕潤劑、乳化、懸浮劑、以及甜味、調味及香味劑。
本發明化合物(I)之投予量會因所投予之化合物的性狀、投予路徑、所預之處置期間及其他要因而變動,然一般而言,成人每一日約0.1~1000mg/kg,特別以約0.5~100mg/kg為宜。又,視需求亦可將該一日量分割成2~4次來投予
實施例
接著舉試驗例以更詳細說明本發明,然本發明並未受限於其等。
(試驗例1)
(1)測定對PPARα之促效劑活性
對PPARα之促效劑活性的測定是使用EnBio RCAS for PPARα kit (PPARA-CBP,藤倉化成股份有限公司),並依照套組流程進行吸光度測定。試料是溶解於二甲基亞碸中,並以評價濃度為10μM之方式添加到96孔盤中。在最大反應孔中以成為0.5 μM的方式添加GW7647。在背景孔中添加二甲基亞碸。從各試料添加孔之吸光度扣掉背景孔之吸光度後,算出各試料添加孔對最大反應孔之比,並評價對PPARα之促效劑活性(Binding ratio,%)。此外,各試料添加孔及背景孔是做成二重複(duplicate)、最大反應孔是做成四重複(quadruplicate)。陽性對照是使用已知之PPARα促效劑的Fenofibric acid (東京化成工業股份有限公司) 10 μM。
根據上述試驗,針對[表1-1]及[表1-2]中之(化合物1)~(化合物17),評價對PPARα之促效劑活性。
[表1-1]
[表1-2]
(2)試驗結果
試驗結果顯示在表2。
[表2]
根據以上結果可確認到,本發明中所使用之上述化合物具有優異的PPAR果活化作用。
(試驗例2)
(1)使用了甲硫胺酸、膽鹼缺乏飼料誘發之非酒精性脂肪性肝疾病(NAFLD)模式大鼠的評價
NAFLD模式是使用攝食甲硫胺酸、膽鹼缺乏(MCD)飼料之大鼠進行實驗。MCD飼料攝食模式是廣泛用作為NAFLD/NASH之模式。
使Wistar大鼠(雄性、8週齡、日本Charles River股份有限公司)攝食MCD飼料(A02082002B, Research Diets, Inc.)5週。從使其攝食上述飼料1週的時間點,以組間體重無差異的方式,分組成載劑(Vehicle)組、化合物2(50 mg/kg)組、及非諾貝特(100 mg/kg)組 (各組4例)。在正常(Normal)組是在同期間使之攝食MCD飼料之控制飼料的MCS飼料(A02082003B, Research Diets, Inc.)。投予容量是設為10 mL/kg,且在載劑組及正常組是1日1次4週間反覆口服投予1% 甲基纖維素溶液,在化合物2組及非諾貝特組是1日1次4週間反覆口服投予各自之藥液。
最終投予結束後隔日,在非絕食、異氟醚吸入麻醉下,從後大靜脈採血並分取血漿。進一步,採取肝臟,並將一部分冷凍保存。血漿中ALT是以JSCC標準化對應法來測定。肝臟中三酸甘油酯(TG)量是從肝臟以氯仿:甲醇混液(2:1, v/v)萃取,在蒸發乾固後以2-丙醇溶解,並使用三酸甘油酯E test Wako來測定。結果分別以平均值±標準差來表示。顯著差異檢定在正常組與載劑組之間是以Welch之t
檢定法(Unpaired)來進行(#
:p
< 0.05,及###
:p
< 0.001),在載劑組與受測物質投予組間是以Dunnett法來進行(*
:p
< 0.05,**
:p
< 0.01,及***
:p
< 0.001)。
(2)試驗結果
試驗結果顯示在圖1A及圖1B。就肝功能異常之指標的血漿中ALT而言,與攝食MCS飼料之正常組相比,在攝食MCD飼料之載劑組是顯著增加。另一方面,與載劑組相比,在化合物2組及非諾貝特組顯示出顯著的低值(圖1A)。進一步,就脂肪肝之指標的肝臟中TG量而言,與正常組相比,在載劑組是顯著增加,然與載劑組相比,在化合物2組及非諾貝特組是顯示出顯著的低值(圖1B)。
根據該等結果可得知,本發明化合物藉由對MCD飼料攝食大鼠進行反覆口服投予,可觀察到血漿中ALT減少及肝臟中TG量減少,而具有NAFLD病態改善作用。
(試驗例3)
(1)使用了糖尿病模式Zucker diabetic fatty(ZDF)大鼠之評價
本實施例是使用呈低pH尿之糖尿病模式動物ZDF大鼠來進行化合物2之低pH尿改善作用之評價。亦一併進行作為比較對照化合物之習知URAT1阻礙劑之Verinurad的評價 (Verinurad之PPARr活化作用是藉由試驗例1記載之方法來評價的結果,在評價濃度10 μM上的結合率(Binding ratio)是3.80%,而無確認到效果)。
將ZDF(Leprfa
/Leprfa
)大鼠(雄性、投予開始時7週齡、日本Charles River股份有限公司)以組間體重無差異的方式,分組成載劑組、化合物2(25 mg/kg)組、化合物2(50 mg/kg)組、及Verinurad(50 mg/kg)組(各組5例)。瘦(Lean)組方面是使用ZDF(Leprfa
/Leprfa
)大鼠之控制動物的ZDF(Lean)大鼠(5例)。投予容量是設為10 mL/kg,且在載劑組及瘦組是1日1回15日間反覆口服投予1%甲基纖維素溶液,在化合物2組及Verinurad組是1日1回15日間反覆口服投予各自之藥液。
投予期間中,使用compact pH meter(B-712,股份有限公司堀場製作所)測定從蓄尿獲得之尿試料的。畜尿是在投予開始6日前(pre)、投予首日、第7日及第14日進行,並在代謝籠內蓄尿24小時。結果分別以平均值±標準差來表示。顯著差異檢定,在各時間點上,在瘦組與載劑組間是以Student之t
檢定法(Unpaired)來進行(###
:p
< 0.001)、在載劑組與受測物質投予組間是在單因子變異數分析(一元配置分散分析)後,以Dunnett法進行(*
:p
< 0.05,**
:p
< 0.01,及***
:p
< 0.001)。
(2)試驗結果
試驗結果顯示在圖2。與瘦組相比,載劑組從投予開始前並在整個試驗期間是呈現顯著低之低pH尿。與載劑組相比,在化合物2組中,在25 mg/kg時是從投予第7日、在50 mg/kg時是從投予首日可觀測到尿pH之顯著上昇,顯示出用量依賴性的低pH尿改善作用。另一方面,Verinurad組在整個投予期間並未觀測到低pH尿改善作用。
根據該等結果可得知,本發明化合物藉由對呈現低pH尿之ZDF大鼠進行口服投予,具有低pH尿改善作用。
圖1A:圖1A是顯示在試驗例中,肝功能異常指標之血漿中ALT之測定結果的圖。
圖1B:圖1B是顯示在試驗例中,脂肪肝指標之肝臟中TG量之測定結果的圖。
圖2:圖2是顯示在試驗例中,糖尿病指標之尿pH之測定結果的圖。
(無)
Claims (4)
- 一種化合物或其鹽用於製造受過氧化體增殖物活化受體α介導之疾病之治療醫藥或預防醫藥的用途,前述受過氧化體增殖物活化受體α介導之疾病係選自於下述疾病:各種脂質異常症、代謝症候群、包含內臟脂肪型肥胖之肥胖、脂肪肝、動脈粥狀硬化症及其關聯疾病或糖尿病;前述化合物係選自下列化合物:2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[6-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]噻唑-5-基]氧基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[1-(4-氰基苯基)萘-2-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)-3-甲基苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯并[d]噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)-2-甲基苯并[d]噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、1-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]環丁烷-1-羧酸、2-甲基-2-[[7-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]苯并[d]異噻唑-6- 基]硫基]丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)-4-氟苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、1-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]環戊烷-1-羧酸、2-[[7-(4-氯苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基-3-甲基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、1-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)-3-甲基苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]環丁烷-1-羧酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-乙基丁酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-3,3-二甲基丁酸、或1-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]環己烷-1-羧酸。
- 一種化合物或其鹽用於製造酸性尿改善用醫藥的用途,前述酸性尿是受過氧化體增殖物活化受體α介導之疾病所伴隨發生的,前述化合物係選自下列化合物:2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲 基丙酸、2-[[6-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]噻唑-5-基]氧基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[1-(4-氰基苯基)萘-2-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)-3-甲基苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯并[d]噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)-2-甲基苯并[d]噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、1-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]環丁烷-1-羧酸、2-甲基-2-[[7-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)-4-氟苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、1-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]環戊烷-1-羧酸、2-[[7-(4-氯苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基-3-甲基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-甲基丙酸、1-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)-3-甲基苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]環丁烷-1-羧酸、 2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-2-乙基丁酸、2-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]-3,3-二甲基丁酸、或1-[[7-(4-氰基苯基)苯并[d]異噻唑-6-基]硫基]環己烷-1-羧酸。
- 如請求項2之用途,其用以製造尿路結石、尿酸結石治療用醫藥及/或預防用醫藥。
- 如請求項2之用途,其用以製造尿路結石、尿酸結石所致腎功能異常之治療用醫藥及/或預防用醫藥。
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