TWI830973B - 使用超低溫ald於高品質含矽膜沈積之方法 - Google Patents
使用超低溫ald於高品質含矽膜沈積之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI830973B TWI830973B TW109144017A TW109144017A TWI830973B TW I830973 B TWI830973 B TW I830973B TW 109144017 A TW109144017 A TW 109144017A TW 109144017 A TW109144017 A TW 109144017A TW I830973 B TWI830973 B TW I830973B
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- plasma
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- silicon
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims description 39
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 33
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- VOSJXMPCFODQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1l3fa4 Chemical compound [SiH3]N([SiH3])[SiH3] VOSJXMPCFODQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 46
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 17
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 6
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000618 GeSbTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYIRVGYSUZPNLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(tert-butylamino)silyl-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N[SiH2]NC(C)(C)C VYIRVGYSUZPNLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylamine Natural products CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 4
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000039 congener Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical compound CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000678 plasma activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007991 Si-N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006294 Si—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000998 batch distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H01L21/0228—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition deposition by cyclic CVD, e.g. ALD, ALE, pulsed CVD
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/308—Oxynitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
- C23C16/345—Silicon nitride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
- C23C16/45536—Use of plasma, radiation or electromagnetic fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45553—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the use of precursors specially adapted for ALD
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/02126—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
- H01L21/0214—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC the material being a silicon oxynitride, e.g. SiON or SiON:H
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/0217—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material being a silicon nitride not containing oxygen, e.g. SixNy or SixByNz
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
揭露了一種用於使用三矽基胺(TSA)在超低溫(如低於250℃的溫度)下藉由PEALD形成含Si膜(如SiN膜)之方法。
Description
本發明關於用於使用三矽基胺(TSA)在超低溫(如低於250℃的溫度)下藉由電漿增強的原子層沈積(PEALD)形成含Si膜(如SiN膜)之方法。
含矽膜,如氮化矽(SiN)膜、氧化矽(SiO2)膜和氮氧化矽(SiON)膜,被廣泛用於半導體或光伏(PV)技術中。SiN膜在半導體製造中被用作保護層、阻擋層、電荷捕獲層或圖案化掩蔽層。尤其,多重圖案化係增強積體電路的特徵密度的最近的關鍵製造技術之一。
使用原子層沈積(ALD)形成作為圖案化層或保護層的含Si膜,以在具有複雜且精細結構(具有高縱橫比(AR))(如3D結構)的較新的半導體器件上實現保形沈積。例如,在自對準雙重圖案(SADP)製程中,介電膜應該保形沈積在空置圖案(dummy pattern)或芯軸(mandrel)上。在此,芯軸通常是由有機材料像光刻膠(PR)或無定形碳(a-C)製成的,因此,沈積的介電膜必須與圖案和/或芯軸的耐熱性相容。
在大多數情況下(例如US 9184159 B2),ALD沈積的含Si膜係SiO2膜。SiN將是所希望的,因為它具有高的耐蝕刻性並且因此在下一個SADP期間和對於自對準四重圖案化(SAQP)順序步驟提供了良好的硬掩膜特性。
三矽基胺(TSA),N(SiH3)3被用作形成SiN膜的先質。例如,Tsai等人的US 20150099342揭露了藉由使用TSA在耐熱基底上形成SiO2膜之方法。沈積溫度係在400℃至1000℃的範圍內,該沈積溫度可能與有機膜上的沈積不相容。Lei等人的US 20170338109揭露了用於藉由使用TSA形成含Si膜之方法。基於專利文檔中的圖1,在250℃至400℃的溫度範圍內獲得了保形膜,該溫度範圍也可能與有機膜上的沈積不相容。Dussarrat等人的US 8357430揭露了在300℃至900℃的溫度範圍內使用TSA藉由化學氣相沈積(CVD)形成SiN膜之方法,該溫度範圍也可能與有機膜上的沈積不相容。Dussarrat的US 20090075490揭露了藉由原子層沈積(ALD)在等於或小於550℃的溫度下形成含矽膜之方法。Dussarrat等人的US 20090232985揭露了在減壓下藉由氣相沈積製程在50℃至4000℃的基底溫度下形成含氧化矽膜之方法。Sato等人(Proceedings of Chemical Vapor Deposition XVI and EUROCVD 14[化學氣相沈積XVI和EUROCVD 14的進展],第1372頁,2003)揭露了使用不含Cl的無機三矽基胺用於氮化矽LPCVD的低溫溶液。
近年來,要求在含有有機材料的基底如光刻膠層上和在非耐熱功能層如GeSbTe(GST)上沈積SiN膜。
然而,US 20150099342或US 20170338109中的沈積溫度太高而不能避免損壞基底。尤其當含有有機材料或硫屬化物的基底的熱穩定性低時,難以在如此高的溫度下在基底上形成圖案化層和保護膜。
降低沈積溫度係可接受的以在非耐熱膜上形成膜。然而,它可能由於先質和反應物的較低反應性而導致較低的密度或雜質的增加。因此,膜品質將如以上所述之大多數沈積的溫度限制到損壞有機或硫屬化物基底之溫度。
出於該等原因,需要低溫沈積製程以在具有有機材料和/或硫屬化物的基底上形成低雜質且高密度的含Si膜。
揭露了一種用於在基底的表面的至少一部分上沈積含矽膜之方法,該方法包括以下步驟:a)將三矽基胺的蒸氣引入到其中安置有基底的反應器中;b)將共反應物氣體引入該反應器中;以及c)重複步驟a)和b)直至使用氣相沈積法在範圍從大約20℃至大約250℃的沈積溫度下將希望厚度的含矽膜沈積在該基底上。
所揭露之方法可以包括以下方面中的一個或多個:●進一步包括以下步驟:在步驟a)之後,用第一吹掃氣體吹掃反應器;以及在步驟b)之後,用第二吹掃氣體吹掃反應器;●第一吹掃氣體和第二吹掃氣體係選自N2、Ar、Kr或Xe的惰性氣體;●氣相沈積法係ALD;●氣相沈積法係PEALD;●氣相沈積法係空間ALD;●氣相沈積法係空間PEALD;●沈積溫度低於大約250℃;
●沈積溫度低於大約150℃;●沈積溫度低於大約110℃;●沈積溫度範圍係從大約室溫至大約250℃;●沈積溫度範圍係從大約20℃至大約150℃;●沈積溫度範圍係從大約20℃至大約110℃;●沈積溫度範圍係從大約20℃至大約50℃;●基底具有低於大約250℃的溫度;●基底具有低於大約150℃的溫度;●基底具有低於大約110℃的溫度;●基底具有從大約室溫至大約250℃的溫度範圍;●基底具有從大約20℃至大約150℃的溫度範圍;●基底具有從大約20℃至大約110℃的溫度範圍;●基底具有從大約20℃至大約50℃的溫度範圍;●反應器壁被加熱至大約300℃或更低;●反應器壁被加熱至從大約20℃至大約250℃的溫度範圍;●反應器壁被加熱至從大約20℃至大約150℃的溫度範圍;●反應器壁被加熱至從大約20℃至大約50℃的溫度範圍;●反應器中的壓力保持在大約0.1托與大約100托之間;●反應器中的壓力保持在大約1托與大約50托之間;●反應器中的壓力保持在大約1托與大約10托之間;●共反應物係含有氫、氮和氧中的至少一種的電漿源;
●電漿源選自由以下組成之群組:氮電漿、氮/氦電漿、氮/氬電漿、氨電漿、氨/氦電漿、氨/氬電漿、氦電漿、氬電漿、氫電漿、氫/氦電漿、氫/有機胺電漿、及其混合物;●基底具有孔,該孔具有大約1:1至大約40:1的縱橫比;●孔係溝槽;●孔係孔洞或通孔;●含矽膜覆蓋孔的至少一部分;●孔的側壁的階梯覆蓋率在大約0.6至大約1.2的範圍內,並且孔的底部的階梯覆蓋率在大約0.6至大約1.5的範圍內;●基底係熱敏性基底;●熱敏性基底含有選自光刻膠、a-C、塑膠、聚醯亞胺的有機材料,或硫屬化物;●基底含有熱敏性特徵;●熱敏性特徵包括在基底中的極細金屬線;●熱敏性特徵包括在基底中的半導體翅片;●反應物或共反應物引入到反應器中;●共反應物係還原氣體或含氮氣體;●含氮氣體包括但不限於NH3,NO,N2O,肼,一級胺,如甲胺、乙胺、三級丁胺;二級胺,如二甲胺、二乙胺、二異丙胺、乙基甲基胺、吡咯啶;三級胺,如三甲胺、三乙胺、三矽基胺,N2,其N2/H2混合物;●含氮氣體係NH3;●共反應物藉由電漿原位或遠端活化;
●對於N2或N2/H2,需要電漿活化;●共反應物選自NH3、NO、N2O、肼、N2電漿、N2/H2電漿、胺及其組合;●共反應物係N2電漿;●當基底溫度低於250℃時,N2電漿係足夠的共反應物;●共反應物係氧化劑或含氧氣體;●含氧氣體包括但不限於氧化劑,如O3、O2、H2O、NO、N2O、H2O2、O自由基及其組合;●含氧氣體係O3或O2;●含Si膜含有SiN、SiO2或SiON;●含Si膜含有SiN或SiON;●含Si膜含有SiN;●含Si膜的每循環生長(GPC)在大約0.015nm/循環至大約0.15nm/循環的範圍內;●含矽膜的RI(折射率)係大約1.96;●含矽膜不含碳;●含矽膜中的C濃度在0%至大約3%的範圍內;並且●含矽膜的密度係大約2.98g/cm3。
以下詳細說明和申請專利範圍利用了本領域中通常眾所周知的許多縮寫、符號和術語,並且包括:如本文所使用,不定冠詞「一個/一種(a或an)」意指一個/一種或多個/多種。
如本文所使用,在正文或申請專利範圍中的「約(about)」或「大約(around/approximately)」意指所述值的±10%。
如本文所使用,在正文或申請專利範圍中的「室溫」意指從大約20℃至大約25℃。
術語「基底」係指在其上進行製程的一種或多種材料。基底可以是指具有在其上進行製程的一種或多種材料的晶圓。基底可以是在半導體、光伏、平板或LCD-TFT器件製造中使用的任何合適的晶圓。基底還可具有從先前的製造步驟已經沈積在其上的一個或多個不同材料層。例如,晶圓可以包括矽層(例如,結晶的、無定形的、多孔的等)、含矽層(例如,SiO2、SiN、SiON、SiCOH等)、含金屬層(例如,銅、鈷、釕、鎢、鉑、鈀、鎳、釕、金等)或其組合。此外,基底可以是平面的或圖案化的。基底可以是有機圖案化的光刻膠膜。基底可以包括用作MEMS、3D NAND、MIM、DRAM或FeRam器件應用中的介電材料(例如,基於ZrO2的材料、基於HfO2的材料、基於TiO2的材料、基於稀土氧化物的材料、基於三元氧化物的材料等)的氧化物層或用作電極的基於氮化物的膜(例如,TaN、TiN、NbN)。熟悉該項技術者將認識到,本文所使用的術語「膜」或「層」係指放置或鋪展在表面上的一定厚度的某種材料並且該表面可為溝槽或線。在整個說明書和申請專利範圍中,晶圓及其上的任何相關層被稱為基底。
術語「晶圓」或「圖案化的晶圓」係指在基底上具有膜的堆疊並且至少最頂部的膜具有已經在沈積含矽膜之前的步驟中產生的形貌特徵的晶圓。
術語「縱橫比」係指溝槽(或孔)的高度與溝槽的寬度(或孔的直徑)的比率。
在本文中需注意,術語「膜」和「層」可以互換使用。應理解的是,膜可以對應於層或者與層相關,並且該層可以是指該膜。此外,熟悉該項技術者將認識到,本文所使用的術語「膜」或「層」係指放置或鋪展在表面上的一定厚度的某種材料並且該表面可在從與整個晶圓一樣大至與溝槽或線一樣小的範圍內。
在本文中需注意,當先質在室溫和環境壓力下呈氣態時,術語「先質」和「沈積化合物」和「沈積氣體」可以互換使用。應理解的是,先質可以對應於沈積化合物或沈積氣體,或者與沈積化合物或沈積氣體相關,並且沈積化合物或沈積氣體可以是指先質。
在本文中需注意,術語「沈積溫度」和「基底溫度」可以互換使用。應理解的是,基底溫度可以對應於沈積溫度或者與沈積溫度相關,並且沈積溫度可以是指基底溫度。
如本文所使用,縮寫「NAND」係指「與非("Negated AND"或"Not AND")」門;縮寫「2D」係指平面基底上的2維柵極結構;縮寫「3D」係指3維或垂直柵極結構,其中柵極結構在垂直方向上堆疊。
本文中使用元素週期表的元素的標準縮寫。應理解的是,可藉由該等縮寫提及元素(例如,Si係指矽,N係指氮,O係指氧,C係指碳,H係指氫,F係指氟等)。
提供了由化學文摘服務社(Chemical Abstract Service)指定的唯一的CAS登記號(即「CAS」)以識別所揭露的特定分子。
請注意,含矽膜,如SiN、SiO和SiON,貫穿本說明書和申請專利範圍列出,而不提及其適當的化學計量學。含矽膜還可包括摻雜劑,如B、P、As、Ga和/或Ge。膜組成描述中也省略了膜含有一些殘留氫的事實。例如,SiOC膜可能含有殘留H。
在本文中範圍可以表述為從約一個具體值和/或到約另一個具體值。當表述此種範圍時,應理解的是另一個實施方式係從所述一個具體值和/或到所述另一個具體值、連同在所述範圍內的所有組合。本文中所述之任何及所有範圍包括其端點(即,x=1至4或x在從1至4的範圍內包括x=1、x=4及x=其間的任何數值),不論是否使用術語「包括端點」。
在本文中對「一個實施方式」或「實施方式」的提及意指關於該實施方式描述的特定特徵、結構或特性可以包括在本發明之至少一個實施方式中。說明書中不同地方出現的短語「在一個實施方式中」不一定全部係指同一個實施方式,單獨的或替代性的實施方式也不一定與其他實施方式互斥。上述情況也適用於術語「實施」。
如本文所使用,術語「獨立地」當在描述R基團的上下文中使用時應理解為表示對象R基團不僅相對於帶有相同或不同下標或上標的其他R基團獨立地選擇,而且還相對於同樣的R基團的任何另外種類獨立地選擇。例如,在式MR1 x(NR2R3)(4-x)中,其中x為2或3,兩個或三個R1基團可(但無需)彼此相同或與R2或R3相同。進一步地,應理解,除非另外確切地指明,否則當用於不同式中時,R基團的值彼此獨立。
如本申請所使用,詞語「示例性的」在本文中用於意指充當實例、例子或例證。本文描述為「示例性的」的任何方面或設計並不一定被解釋為優於
或有利於其他方面或設計。相反,使用詞語示例性的旨在以具體的方式描述概念。
另外,術語「或」旨在意指包括性的「或」而不是排他性的「或」。也就是說,除非另有說明或從上下文中清楚,否則「X採用A或B」旨在意指任何自然的包括性排列。也就是說,如果X採用A;X採用B;或者X採用A和B兩者,則在任何前述情況下均滿足「X採用A或B」。此外,如本申請和所附請求項中所使用的冠詞「一個/一種(a/an)」通常應解釋為意指「一個/一種或多個/多種」,除非另有說明或從上下文中清楚地指示單數形式。
為了進一步理解本發明之本質和目的,應結合附圖來參考以下詳細說明,在附圖中相似元件給予相同或類似的參考號,並且其中:
圖1係展示使用TSA在110℃和250℃下PEALD SiN膜的GPC、WER和密度的結果之圖。
揭露了用於使用三矽基胺(TSA)在超低溫(如低於250℃)下藉由電漿增強的ALD(PEALD)形成含Si膜之方法。更具體地,揭露了用於使用TSA在低於250℃的溫度下藉由PEALD形成SiN、SiO2或SiON膜之方法。
最近,在半導體製造製程中,要求在熱敏性基底上沈積含矽膜。熱敏性基底可以含有有機材料,如光刻膠(PR)、無定形碳(a-C)、塑膠、聚醯亞胺,或硫屬化物(例如,GeSbTe(GST))。熱敏性基底可以含有熱敏性特
徵,如在基底中的極細金屬線和/或半導體翅片。為了在熱敏性基底上沈積含矽膜並保護熱敏性基底材料,需要高品質的含矽膜,其具有低蝕刻速率、高密度、優異的階梯覆蓋率(SC)、低Si-H含量、不含碳和鹵素污染物、高生長速率和低於250℃的沈積溫度。所揭露之方法描述了將先質TSA應用於PEALD製程中以使用N2電漿在低於250℃的溫度下、較佳的是在低於150℃的溫度下、更較佳的是在低於110℃的溫度下產生此類高品質的含矽膜。藉由所揭露之方法形成的含Si膜包括但不限於SiN膜、SiO2膜或SiON膜。
所揭露的先質TSA(CAS號13862-16-3,TSA,(SiH3)3N))適合於藉由ALD製程、較佳的是PEALD製程或空間ALD沈積含Si膜,如SiN、SiO2和SiON,並且具有以下優點:●在室溫下的液體含Si先質;●不含碳和鹵素;●分子中的直接Si-N鍵;●非常易揮發(蒸氣壓力:在室溫下為315托);●在1個大氣壓下的沸點為52℃;●熱穩定的以使能使用工業標準方法(鼓泡器、直接液體注入、蒸氣抽取)實現適當的分佈和蒸發,而沒有顆粒產生和產物分解;●與基底的適當反應性以允許寬的自限制ALD窗口,從而允許沈積各種含Si膜,如SiN、SiO2和SiON等;●化學吸附的先質與共反應物的適當反應性以形成含Si膜;以及●化學吸附的物質的固體熱穩定性以防止在超低溫下在基底表面上的自分解和寄生CVD生長。
為了確保製程可靠性,所揭露的先質TSA可在使用前藉由連續或分級分批蒸餾或昇華純化至範圍為從大約93%按重量計或w/w至大約100% w/w、較佳的是範圍為從大約99% w/w至大約99.999% w/w、更較佳的是範圍為從大約99% w/w至大約100% w/w的純度。
所揭露的先質TSA可含有任何以下雜質:不期望的同類物質;溶劑;氯化的金屬化合物;或其他反應產物。在一個實施方式中,該等雜質的總量低於0.1% w/w。
在TSA的合成中可以使用溶劑,如己烷、戊烷、二甲醚、或苯甲醚。溶劑在所揭露的TSA中的濃度範圍可以是從大約0% w/w至大約5% w/w、較佳的是從大約0% w/w至大約0.1% w/w。
在一個替代方案中,所揭露的TSA含有小於5%按體積計(v/v)、較佳的是小於1% v/v、更較佳的是小於0.1% v/v、並且甚至更較佳的是小於0.01% v/v的其不期望的同類物質、反應物或其他反應產物中的任一種。此替代方案可提供更好的製程可重複性。此替代方案可以藉由TSA的蒸餾而產生。
在另一個替代方案中,所揭露的TSA可含有在5% v/v與50% v/v之間的同類含Si先質、反應物、或其他反應產物中的一種或多種,特別是當混合物提供改進的製程參數或分離目標化合物過於困難或昂貴時。例如,兩種含Si先質的混合物可產生適用於氣相沈積的穩定的液體混合物。
痕量金屬和類金屬在所揭露的TSA中的濃度範圍各自可以是從大約0ppb至大約100ppb、並且更較佳的是從大約0ppb至大約10ppb。
還揭露了用於在反應室中使用ALD製程(例如PEALD)在基底上形成含Si層之方法或製程。該方法可用於自對準的雙重圖案(SADP)製程中以
在半導體製造製程或光伏器件中的空置圖案或芯軸上保形沈積介電膜。所揭露的TSA可用於使用熟悉該項技術者已知的ALD方法沈積含Si膜。
所揭露的製程包括用於使用先質TSA沈積含Si膜的ALD製程。合適的ALD方法包括熱ALD、空間ALD和時間ALD方法。較佳的是合適的ALD方法可以使用電漿。示例性的電漿ALD包括PEALD和空間PEALD。應理解的是,合適的ALD可以在非理想的自限制生長方式下運行,從而允許發生一些寄生CVD。只要所沈積的膜滿足保形性要求,此種寄生CVD可能不是問題。
反應室或反應器可以是在其中進行沈積方法的裝置的任何密閉室或腔室,如但不限於平行板型反應器、熱壁型反應器、單晶圓反應器、多晶圓反應器、或其他此類類型的沈積系統。所有該等示例性反應室都能夠用作ALD反應室。
反應器含有一個或多個其上將沈積有含Si膜的基底。基底一般定義為在其上進行製程的材料。基底可以是在半導體、光伏、平板或LCD-TFT器件製造中使用的熱敏性基底。熱敏性基底的實例包括含有有機材料如光刻膠、無定形碳(a-C)、塑膠、聚醯亞胺,硫屬化物(例如,GST)等的基底。熱敏性基底的實例包括在基底中含有熱敏性特徵(如在基底中的極細金屬線和/或在基底中的半導體翅片)的基底。因此,用於在熱敏性基底上沈積含矽層的可用沈積溫度(即超低溫)係必要的以在沈積過程期間保護基底中的有機材料和/或精細特徵。
基底可以是其中具有圖案的晶圓。晶圓可以含有孔,如溝槽或通孔,其具有1:1至40:1的縱橫比(AR)。所沈積的含矽膜覆蓋孔的至少一部分。
孔的側壁的階梯覆蓋率可以在0.6至1.2的範圍內。孔的底部的階梯覆蓋率可以在0.6至1.5的範圍內。
基底還可具有從先前的製造步驟已經沈積在其上的一個或多個不同材料層。例如,晶圓可包括矽層(結晶的、無定形的、多孔的等)、氧化矽層、氮化矽層、氮氧化矽層、摻雜碳的氧化矽(SiCOH)層或其組合。附加地,晶圓可以包括銅、鈷、釕、鎢和/或其他金屬層(例如鉑、鈀、鎳、釕、或金)。晶圓可以包括阻擋層或電極,如鉭、氮化鉭等。層可以是平面的或圖案化的。基底可以是有機圖案化的光刻膠膜。基底可以包括用作3D NAND、MIM、DRAM、或FeRam技術中的介電材料(例如,基於ZrO2的材料、基於HfO2的材料、基於TiO2的材料、基於稀土氧化物的材料、基於三元氧化物的材料等)的氧化物層或來自用作電極的基於氮化物的膜(例如,TaN、TiN、NbN)。所揭露的製程可直接在晶圓上或直接在晶圓頂部的一個或多於一個(當圖案化層形成基底時)層上沈積含Si層。此外,熟悉該項技術者將認識到,本文所用的術語「膜」或「層」係指放置或鋪展在表面上的一定厚度的某種材料並且該表面可為溝槽或線。在整個說明書和申請專利範圍中,晶圓及其上的任何相關層被稱為基底。所利用的實際基底還可取決於所利用的特定先質實施方式。
使用所揭露的TSA的所揭露的ALD製程可以在具有大約250℃或更低、較佳的是大約150℃或更低、更較佳的是大約120℃或更低、甚至更較佳的是大約50℃或更低的溫度的基底上進行。使用先質TSA的所揭露的ALD製程可以在具有從大約室溫至大約250℃、較佳的是從大約室溫至大約150℃、更較佳的是從大約室溫至大約110℃的溫度範圍的基底上進行。
可藉由控制基底固持器的溫度或控制反應器壁的溫度來控制反應器腔室的溫度。用於加熱基底的裝置係本領域中已知的。反應器壁被加熱至足夠的溫度以防止壁或反應器腔室的凝結,尤其是當使用其中基底溫度高於壁溫的噴淋頭反應器時。非限制性示例性溫度範圍(可將反應器壁加熱到該溫度範圍)包括從大約20℃至大約250℃、較佳的是從大約20℃至大約150℃、更較佳的是從20℃至大約110℃的範圍。可替代地,非限制性示例性溫度(可將反應器壁加熱到該溫度)包括大約300℃或更低。當進行電漿沈積製程時,基底被加熱至足夠溫度以便以足夠生長速率和所期望的物理狀態和組成獲得所希望厚度的膜。對於電漿沈積製程,沈積溫度範圍可以是從大約20℃至大約250℃、較佳的是從大約20℃至大約150℃、更較佳的是從20℃至大約110℃。
將反應室內的壓力保持在適用於先質TSA與基底表面反應的條件下。例如,反應器中的壓力可以保持在大約0.1托與大約100托之間、較佳的是在大約1托與大約50托之間、更較佳的是在大約1托與大約10托之間。
除了所揭露的先質TSA之外,還可以將反應物或共反應物引入反應器中。共反應物可以是含氮氣體或還原氣體。含氮氣體包括但不限於NH3,NO,N2O,肼,一級胺,如甲胺、乙胺、三級丁胺;二級胺,如二甲胺、二乙胺、二異丙胺、乙基甲基胺、吡咯啶;三級胺,如三甲胺、三乙胺、三矽基胺,N2,其N2/H2混合物,較佳的是NH3。共反應物可以藉由電漿原位或遠端活化。對於N2或N2/H2,需要電漿活化。共反應物可以選自NH3、NO、N2O、肼、N2電漿、N2/H2電漿、胺及其組合。諸位申請人發現,當基底溫度低於250℃時,N2電漿可以是足夠的共反應物。可替代地,共反應物可以是含氧氣體或氧化劑。含氧氣體包括
但不限於氧化劑,如O3、O2、H2O、NO、N2O、H2O2、O自由基及其組合,較佳的是O3或O2。
此外,共反應物係含有氫、氮和氧中的至少一種的電漿源。電漿源可以是氮電漿、氮/氦電漿、氮/氬電漿、氨電漿、氨/氦電漿、氨/氬電漿、氦電漿、氬電漿、氫電漿、氫/氦電漿、氫/有機胺電漿、及其混合物。
在使用所揭露的TSA先質的所揭露的ALD製程中基底暴露時間範圍可以是從1毫秒至5分鐘、較佳的是從1秒至20秒。在所揭露的ALD製程中共反應物暴露時間範圍可以是從1毫秒至3分鐘、較佳的是從100毫秒至60秒。
所揭露的ALD製程或順序典型地包括藉由提供吹掃步驟從沈積表面去除過量的先質TSA的步驟,該吹掃步驟係藉由用惰性氣體(如N2、Ar、Kr或Xe)吹掃反應器,或者使基底藉由在高真空下的區段和/或載氣簾。所揭露的ALD製程或順序典型地還包括藉由提供吹掃步驟從沈積表面去除過量的共反應物的步驟,該吹掃步驟係藉由用惰性氣體(如N2、Ar、Kr或Xe)吹掃反應器,或者使基底藉由在高真空下的區段和/或載氣簾。
可以將所揭露的先質TSA和共反應物順序地引入反應器中(ALD)。可以分別在引入先質和引入共反應物之後用惰性氣體(如N2、Ar、Kr或Xe)吹掃反應器。
可替代地,可以將基底從用於先質TSA暴露的一個區域移動到用於共反應物暴露的另一個區域(其係空間ALD或空間PEALD製程)。
根據具體的製程參數,沈積可能進行不同的時間長度。通常,可使沈積繼續所希望或所必需長度的時間以產生具有必需厚度的膜。根據特定的沈積製程,典型的膜厚度可以從原子單層到幾百微米、較佳的是在大約1nm與大
約100nm之間、更較佳的是在大約1nm與大約50nm之間變化。沈積製程也可以進行獲得所希望厚度的膜所必需的很多次。
在一個非限制性示例性ALD型製程中,將蒸氣相的所揭露的先質TSA引入到反應器中,其中TSA物理吸附或化學吸附在基底上。然後可藉由吹掃和/或排空反應器從反應器中去除過量的組成物。將所希望的還原氣體(例如,N2)引入到反應器中,在該反應器中使其以自限制的方式與物理吸附或化學吸附的先質反應。藉由吹掃和/或排空反應器從反應器中去除任何過量的還原氣體。如果所希望的膜係SiN膜,則此兩步製程可提供所希望的膜厚度或可被重複直至獲得具有希望厚度的膜。將還原氣體替換為氧化劑(如O3或O2),用此兩步製程也將生產希望膜厚度的SiO2膜。
用N2電漿作為共反應物使用所揭露的先質TSA的所揭露的PEALD製程能夠沈積具有以下特性的高品質的SiN膜:小於大約0.50的WER(歸一化至熱生長的SiO2)、範圍從大約0.015nm/循環至大約0.15nm/循環的GPC、範圍從大約1.9至大約2.18的RI、在所形成的膜中不含碳或C濃度在0%至大約3%的範圍內、大約2.98g/cm3的密度,來自以下實例。
提供以下非限制性實例以進一步說明本發明之實施方式。然而,該等實例不旨在包括所有實例,並且不旨在限制本文所述發明的範圍。
實例1.使用TSA用N2電漿在250℃下PEALD SiN膜
使用TSA在250℃下PEALD SiN膜的結果如下。
●每循環生長(GPC):0.95nm/循環;●折射率(RI):1.97;
●密度:2.97g/cm3;●在0.1%氟化氫(HF)中的濕蝕刻速率(WER):0.21(用熱氧化物SiO2歸一化);●在FT-IR中沒有觀察到Si-H;以及●在XPS中沒有觀察到C或鹵素。
實例2.使用TSA用N2電漿在110℃下PEALD SiN膜
使用TSA在110℃下PEALD SiN膜的結果如下。
●每循環生長(GPC):0.107nm/循環;●折射率(RI):1.95;●密度:2.98g/cm3;●在0.1% HF中的濕蝕刻速率(WER):0.3(用熱氧化物SiO2歸一化);●在FT-IR中沒有觀察到Si-H;以及●在XPS中沒有觀察到C或鹵素。
用TSA在110℃下藉由PEALD形成的SiN膜的膜品質幾乎與用TSA在250℃下藉由PEALD沈積的SiN膜相同,參見圖1。據我們所知,從來沒有用其他胺基矽烷先質獲得此種高品質的SiN膜。例如,圖1中所示的胺基矽烷,N,N-二異丙基-N,N-二矽基矽烷二胺(DDSDA),其中GPC:0.7,密度:2.75g/cm3,WER:1.5,在110℃沈積溫度下。此外,Knoops等人(Harm.C.M.Knoops等人,App.Mater.Interfaces[應用材料與介面],2015,7,第19857-19862頁)揭露了用雙(三級丁基胺基)矽烷(BTBAS)和N2電漿在100℃下PEALD SiN膜具有比用TSA在110℃下藉由PEALD形成的SiN膜更低的膜品質。用BTBAS和N2電漿在100℃下PEALD SiN膜的結果包括RI:1.63;GPC:0.093nm/循環;密度:在100℃下
沒有數據但在200℃下為2.2g/cm3。表1係使用TSA、DDSDA和BTBAS藉由PEALD形成的SiN膜的比較。BTBAS的數據係從Knooks等人複製而來。DDSDA的結構為:
儘管本文描述的主題可以在說明性實施的上下文中描述,以處理具有使用者交互元件的計算應用的一個或多個計算應用特徵/操作,但是主題不限於該等具體實施方式。而是,本文描述的技術可以應用於任何合適類型的使用者交互元件執行管理方法、系統、平臺和/或裝置。
應當理解,由熟悉該項技術者可在如所附請求項中所表述的本發明之原則和範圍內做出本文已經描述且闡明以解釋本發明之本質的細節、材料、步驟和零件佈置上的許多附加的改變。因此,本發明不意圖限於上面給出的實例和/或附圖中的特定實施方式。
儘管已示出且描述了本發明之實施方式,但熟悉該項技術者可在不脫離本發明之精神或傳授內容的情況下對其進行修改。本文描述的實施方式只是示例性的且是非限制性的。組成和方法的許多變化和修改係可能的且在本
發明之範圍內。因此,保護範圍不限於本文描述的實施方式,而僅受隨後的請求項所限定,其範圍應包括請求項的主題的所有等效物。
Claims (17)
- 一種用於在基底上沈積含矽膜之方法,該方法包括以下步驟:a)將三矽基胺的蒸氣引入到其中安置有基底的反應器中;b)將共反應物氣體引入該反應器中;以及c)重複步驟a)和b)直至使用氣相沈積法在範圍從大約20℃至大約250℃的沈積溫度下將希望厚度的該含矽膜沈積在該基底上,其中所沈積該含矽膜不含碳且不含鹵素,該含矽膜的折射率係大約1.96,且該含矽膜的密度係大約2.98g/cm3。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其進一步包括以下步驟:在步驟a)之後,用第一吹掃氣體吹掃該反應器中的該三矽基胺的蒸氣;以及在步驟b)之後,用第二吹掃氣體吹掃該反應器中的該共反應物氣體。
- 如請求項2所述之方法,其中,該第一吹掃氣體和該第二吹掃氣體係選自N2、Ar、Kr或Xe的惰性氣體。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,該沈積溫度範圍係從大約20℃至大約150℃。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,該沈積溫度範圍係從大約20℃至大約110℃。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,該共反應物係含有氫、氮和氧中的至少一種的電漿源。
- 如請求項6所述之方法,其中,該電漿源選自N2電漿、N2/He電漿、N2/Ar電漿、NH3電漿、NH3/He電漿、NH3/Ar電漿、H2/有機胺電漿、或其混合物。
- 如請求項6所述之方法,其中,該電漿源選自O3、O2、H2O、NO、N2O、H2O2、O自由基或其組合。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,該共反應物係N2、O3或O2電漿。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,該基底具有溝槽或孔洞,該溝槽或孔洞具有大約1:1至大約40:1的縱橫比。
- 如請求項10所述之方法,其中,該含矽膜覆蓋該溝槽或孔洞的至少一部分。
- 如請求項10所述之方法,其中,該溝槽或孔洞的側壁的階梯覆蓋率在大約0.6至大約1.2的範圍內,並且該溝槽或孔洞的底部的階梯覆蓋率在大約0.6至大約1.5的範圍內。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,該氣相沈積製程係ALD製程。
- 如請求項13所述之方法,其中,該ALD製程係PEALD製程或空間ALD製程。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,該基底係含有有機材料或硫屬化物和熱敏性特徵的熱敏性基底,該等有機材料選自光刻膠、無定形碳、塑膠,該等熱敏性特徵包括在該基底中的極細金屬線。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,該含矽膜係SiN或SiON。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,該含矽膜的每循環生長在大約0.015nm/循環至大約0.15nm/循環的範圍內。
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