TWI827590B - 稠和雙環C5aR拮抗劑之前藥 - Google Patents
稠和雙環C5aR拮抗劑之前藥 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI827590B TWI827590B TW108111647A TW108111647A TWI827590B TW I827590 B TWI827590 B TW I827590B TW 108111647 A TW108111647 A TW 108111647A TW 108111647 A TW108111647 A TW 108111647A TW I827590 B TWI827590 B TW I827590B
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- diethylphenyl
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Abstract
本發明特別提供式IA、IB、IC、IIA、IIB及IIC化合物:
Description
補體系統在免疫複合物之廓清及在對傳染媒介物、外來抗原、病毒感染細胞及腫瘤細胞之免疫反應中發揮中心作用。補體系統之不適當或過度之活化可導致因嚴重之發炎及所導致之組織破壞所引起之有害,且甚至可能危及生命之後果。此等後果在臨床上表現於包括敗血性休克;心肌及腸局部缺血/再灌注損傷;移植排斥;器官衰竭;腎炎;病理性發炎;及自體免疫性疾病之各種病症中。
補體系統係由通常以非活動狀態存在於血清中之一組蛋白質構成。補體系統之活化主要包含三種不同途徑,即,經典、替代及凝集素途徑(V. M. Holers, In Clinical Immunology: Principles and Practice編,R. R. Rich, Mosby Press; 1996, 363-391):1)經典途徑係鈣/鎂依賴性級聯,其通常係藉由抗原-抗體複合物之形成進行活化。該鈣/鎂依賴性級聯亦可以抗體獨立性方式藉由C-反應蛋白之結合(與配體複合);及由許多病原體(包括革蘭氏陰性菌)進行活化。2)替代途徑係藉由C3於某些易感表面(例如,酵母及細菌之細胞壁多醣,及某些生物聚合物材料)上之沈積及活化進行活化之鎂依賴性級聯。3)凝集素途徑涉及甘露糖結合性凝集素之初始結合及C2與C4之後續活化,其等常見於經典途徑(Matsushita, M.等人,J. Exp. Med. 176: 1497-1502 (1992);Suankratay, C.等人,J. Immunol. 160: 3006-3013 (1998))。
補體途徑之活化產生補體蛋白之生物活性片段,例如,C3a、C4a及C5a過敏毒素及C5b-9膜攻擊複合物(MAC),所有其等藉由影響白血球趨化性;活化巨噬細胞、嗜中性白血球、血小板、肥大細胞及內皮細胞;及增加血管通透性、細胞溶解及組織損傷介導發炎反應。
補體C5a係補體系統之最有效促炎介體中之一者。(相較於C3a,過敏性C5a肽在誘發發炎反應上更有效100倍(以莫耳為基礎))。C5a係C5之活化形式(190 kD,分子量)。C5a係以約80 μg/ml存在於人類血清中(Kohler, P. F.等人,J. Immunol. 99: 1211-1216 (1967))。C5a係由分子量分別為約115 kD及75 kD之兩個多肽鏈α及β構成(Tack, B. F.等人,Biochemistry 18: 1490-1497 (1979))。生物合成為單鏈預分子,C5在處理及分泌期間係經酶促裂解為雙鏈結構。裂解後,該等兩個鏈係藉由至少一個二硫鍵及非共價鍵相互作用結合在一起(Ooi, Y. M.等人,J. Immunol. 124: 2494-2498(1980))。
C5係在補體途徑之活化期間裂解為C5a及C5b片段。負責C5活化之轉化酶酶類係用於經典途徑之C4b、C2a及C3b之多子單元複合物(C3b)2
、用於替代途徑之Bb及P之多子單元複合物(Goldlust, M. B.等人,J. Immunol. 113: 998-1007 (1974);Schreiber, R. D.等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 75: 3948-3952 (1978))。C5係藉由在α鏈中之位置74-75 (Arg-Leu)處裂解進行活化。活化後,自α鏈之胺基端部分釋放11.2 kD、74個胺基酸肽C5a。C5a及C3a兩者均為嗜中性白血球及單核細胞之有效刺激物(Schindler, R.等人,Blood 76: 1631-1638 (1990);Haeffner-Cavaillon, N.等人,J. Immunol. 138: 794-700 (1987);Cavaillon, J. M.等人,Eur. J. Immunol. 20: 253-257 (1990))。
除C5a之過敏毒性性質外,C5a誘導嗜中性白血球(Ward, P. A.等人,J. Immunol. 102: 93-99 (1969))、嗜酸性白血球(Kay, A. B.等人,Immunol. 24: 969-976 (1973))、嗜鹼性球(Lett-Brown, M. A.等人,J. Immunol. 117: 246-252 1976))及單核細胞(Snyderman, R.等人,Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 138: 387-390 1971))之趨化性遷移。C5a及C5b-9兩者均活化內皮細胞以表現用於螯合經活化之白血球必要之黏附分子,其等介導組織發炎及損傷(Foreman, K. E.等人,J. Clin. Invest. 94: 1147-1155 (1994);Foreman, K. E.等人,Inflammation 20: 1-9 (1996);Rollins, S. A.等人,Transplantation 69: 1959-1967 (2000))。C5a亦藉由引起平滑肌收縮、增加血管通透性、誘導嗜鹼性球及肥大細胞去顆粒及誘導溶酶體蛋白酶及氧化自由基之釋放介導發炎反應(Gerard, C.等人,Ann. Rev. Immunol. 12: 775-808 (1994))。此外,C5a藉由增加TNF-α、IL-1-β、IL-6、IL-8、前列腺素及白三烯之產生調整肝急性期基因表現並強化整體免疫反應(Lambris, J. D.等人,In: The Human Complement System in Health and Disease, Volanakis, J. E.編,Marcel Dekker, New York,第83至118頁)。
據信C5a之過敏及趨化作用係通過其與C5a受體之相互作用進行介導。人類C5a受體(C5aR)係52 kD膜結合G蛋白偶聯受體,及表現於嗜中性白血球、單核細胞、嗜鹼性球、嗜酸性白血球、肝細胞、肺平滑肌及內皮細胞及腎小球組織上(Van-Epps, D. E.等人,J. Immunol. 132: 2862-2867 (1984);Haviland, D. L.等人,J. Immunol. 154:1861-1869 (1995);Wetsel, R. A., Immunol. Leff. 44: 183-187 (1995);Buchner, R. R.等人,J. Immunol. 155: 308-315 (1995);Chenoweth, D. E.等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 75: 3943-3947 (1978);Zwirner, J.等人,Mol. Immunol. 36:877-884 (1999))。C5aR之配體-結合位點係複合物及由至少兩個可物理分離之結合域組成。一個結合C5a胺基端(胺基酸1-20)及二硫鍵連接之核心(胺基酸21-61),而第二個結合C5a羧基端(胺基酸62-74) (Wetsel, R. A., Curr. Opin. Immunol. 7: 48-53 (1995))。
C5a在發炎及組織損傷中發揮重要作用。在心肺分流及血液透析中,當人類血液與心肺機或腎透析機之人造表面接觸時,C5a係由於交替補體途徑之活化形成(Howard, R. J.等人,Arch. Surg. 123: 1496-1501 (1988);Kirklin, J. K.等人,J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 86: 845-857 (1983);Craddock, P. R.等人,N. Engl. J. Med. 296: 769-774 (1977))。C5a引起增加之毛細血管滲透性及水腫、支氣管收縮、肺血管收縮、白血球及血小板活化及對組織(特定言之肺)之滲透(Czermak, B. J.等人,J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 40-48 (1998))。抗C5a單株抗體之投與顯示減少由心肺分流及心臟麻痺誘導之冠狀動脈內皮功能障礙(Tofukuji, M.等人,J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 116: 1060-1068 (1998))。
C5a亦涉及急性呼吸窘迫症候群(ARDS)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)及多器官衰竭(MOF) (Hack, C. E.等人,Am. J. Med. 1989: 86: 20-26;Hammerschmidt DE等人,Lancet 1980; 1: 947-949;Heideman M.等人,J. Trauma 1984; 4: 1038-1043;Marc, MM等人,Am. J. Respir. Cell and Mol. Biol., 2004: 31: 216-219)。C5a強化兩種重要促炎細胞因子(TNF-α及IL-1)之單核細胞產生。C5a亦已顯示在組織損傷,及特定言之肺損傷之發展中,在敗血性休克之動物模型中發揮重要作用(Smedegard G等人,Am. J. Pathol. 1989; 135: 489-497;Markus, S.等人,FASEB Journal (2001), 15: 568-570)。在使用大鼠、豬及非人類靈長類動物之敗血症模型中,在使用內毒素或大腸桿菌治療前向該等動物投與抗C5a抗體導致減少之組織損傷,及減少之IL-6產生(Smedegard, G.等人,Am. J. Pathol. 135: 489-497 (1989);Hopken, U.等人,Eur. J. Immunol. 26: 1103-1109 (1996);Stevens, J. H.等人,J. Clin. Invest. 77: 1812-1816 (1986))。更重要地,用抗C5a多株抗體阻斷C5a已顯示在大鼠敗血症之盲腸結紮/穿刺模型中顯著改善存活率(Czermak, B.J.等人,Nat. Med. 5: 788-792 (1999))。此模型分享人類敗血症臨床表現之許多態樣。(Parker, S.J.等人,Br. J. Surg. 88: 22-30 (2001))。在相同敗血症模型中,抗C5a抗體顯示抑制胸腺細胞之細胞凋亡(Guo, R.F.等人,J. Clin. Invest. 106: 1271-1280 (2000))且預防MOF (Huber-Lang, M.等人,J. Immunol. 166: 1193-1199 (2001))。抗C5a抗體在大鼠肺損傷之眼鏡蛇毒液因子模型中,及在由免疫複合物誘導之肺損傷中亦為保護性的(Mulligan, M. S.等人,J. Clin. Invest. 98: 503-512 (1996))。C5a在由免疫複合物介導之肺損傷中之重要性後來在小鼠中得以證實(Bozic, C. R.等人,Science 26: 1103-1109 (1996))。
發現C5a係心肌缺血再灌注損傷中之主要介體。補體消耗減少小鼠中心肌梗死面積(Weisman, H. F.等人,Science 249: 146-151 (1990)),及使用抗C5a抗體之治療減少後肢局部缺血-再灌注之大鼠模型中之損傷(Bless, N. M.等人,Am. J. Physiol. 276: L57-L63 (1999))。在心肌梗塞期間之再灌注損傷在使用單株抗C5a IgG複治之豬中亦明顯減少(Amsterdam, E. A.等人,Am. J. Physiol. 268:H448-H457 (1995))。重組人類C5aR拮抗劑在手術血運重建之豬模型中減少梗死面積(Riley, R. D.等人,J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 120: 350-358 (2000))。
由C5a驅動之嗜中性白血球亦有助於許多大皰性疾病(例如,大皰性類天皰瘡、尋常型天皰瘡及葉狀天皰瘡)。該等疾病係慢性及復發性發炎性病症,其等臨床特徵為於皮膚及黏膜之表皮下空間中出現之無菌水皰。雖然據信位於皮膚基底膜之角化細胞之自身抗體造成表皮基底角化細胞自下方基底膜脫離,但水皰之特徵亦在於嗜中性白血球在上皮膚層中及於水皰腔內之聚集。在實驗模型中,嗜中性白血球之減少或補體(全部或C5-選擇性)之缺乏可抑制表皮下水皰之形成,甚至在高自身抗體效價之存在下。
補體濃度在患有類風濕關節炎(Jose, P. J.等人,Ann. Rheum. Dis. 49: 747-752 (1990);Grant, E.P.等人,J. of Exp. Med., 196(11): 1461-1471, (2002))、狼瘡性腎炎(Bao, L.等人,Eur. J. of Immunol., 35(8), 2496-2506, (2005))及全身性紅斑狼瘡(SLE) (Porcel, J. M.等人,Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 74: 283-288 (1995))之病患中升高。C5a濃度與疾病狀態之嚴重程度相關。小鼠及大鼠中由膠原誘導之關節炎類似於人類中之類風濕關節炎疾病。缺乏C5a受體之小鼠證實完全保護免患藉由注射單株抗膠原Ab誘導之關節炎(Banda, N.K.等人,J. of Immunol., 2003, 171: 2109-2115)。因此,C5a及/或C5a受體(C5aR)之抑制可適用於治療此等慢性疾病。
據信補體系統在患有發炎性腸病(IBD)之病患中經活化且認為其在疾病發病機制中發揮作用。經活化之補體產物發現於表面上皮細胞之腔面處,及在IBD病患之在黏膜肌層及黏膜下血管中(Woodruff, T.M.等人,J of Immunol., 2003, 171: 5514-5520)。
C5aR表現係在發炎之人類中樞神經系統中之反應性星形膠質細胞、小神經膠質細胞,及內皮細胞中上調(Gasque, P.等人,Am. J. Pathol. 150: 31-41 (1997))。C5a可涉及神經退化性疾病,諸如阿茲海默症(Alzheimer disease) (Mukherjee, P.等人,J. Neuroimmunol. 105: 124-130 (2000);O'Barr, S.等人,J. Neuroimmunol. (2000) 105: 87-94;Farkas, I.等人,J. Immunol. (2003) 170:5764-5771)、帕金森氏症(Parkinson's disease)、匹克症(Pick disease)及傳染性海綿狀腦病。神經元C5aR之活化可誘導細胞凋亡(Farkas I等人,J. Physiol. 1998; 507: 679-687)。因此,C5a及/或C5aR之抑制亦可適用於治療神經退化性疾病。
有一些證據表明C5a產生惡化與異位性皮炎(Neuber, K.等人,Immunology 73:83-87, (1991)),及慢性蕁麻疹(Kaplan, A.P., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114; 465-474, (2004)相關聯之發炎。
牛皮癬現已知係由T細胞介導之疾病(Gottlieb, E. L.等人,Nat. Med. 1: 442-447 (1995))。然而,嗜中性白血球及肥大細胞亦可涉及該疾病之發病機制(Terui, T.等人,Exp. Dermatol. 9: 1-10; 2000);Werfel, T.等人,Arch. Dermatol. Res. 289: 83-86 (1997))。角質層下之嗜中性白血球聚集係在牛皮癬性斑塊之高度發炎區域中可觀測到,及牛皮癬病變(剝落)提取物含有相當高濃度之C5a且對嗜中性白血球顯示有效之趨化活性(一種可藉由添加C5a抗體抑制之效應)。T細胞及嗜中性白血球係由C5a化學吸引(Nataf, S.等人,J. Immunol. 162: 4018-4023 (1999);Tsuji, R. F.等人,J. Immunol. 165: 1588-1598 (2000);Cavaillon, J. M.等人,Eur. J. Immunol. 20: 253-257 (1990))。另外,C5aR之表現已在分離自皮膚紅斑狼瘡之病變之漿細胞樣樹突狀細胞(pDC)中經證實且顯示此等細胞展示對C5a之趨化行為,表明pDC上之C5aR阻斷可有效減少pDC滲透至SLE及牛皮癬之發炎皮膚內。因此,C5a可係針對牛皮癬之治療之重要治療標靶。
含有免疫球蛋白G之免疫複合物(IC)有助於許多自體免疫性疾病中之病理生理學,諸如全身性紅斑狼瘡、類風濕關節炎、斯耶格倫氏病(Sjogren’s disease)、古巴斯德氏症候群(Goodpasture’s syndrome),及過敏性肺炎(Madaio, M. P., Semin. Nephrol. 19: 48-56 (1999);Korganow, A. S.等人,Immunity 10: 451-459 (1999);Bolten, W. K., Kidney Int. 50: 1754-1760 (1996);Ando, M.等人,Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 3: 391-399 (1997))。此等疾病係高度異質性的且一般影響下列器官中之任何一者或多者:皮膚、血管、關節、腎、心臟、肺、神經系統及肝(包括肝硬化及肝纖維化)。此等IC疾病中之發炎反應之經典動物模型係阿瑟氏反應(Arthus reaction),其特徵為多形核細胞之滲透、出血,及血漿滲出(Arthus,M., C.R. Soc. Biol. 55: 817-824 (1903))。最近研究顯示保護缺乏C5aR之小鼠免患由IC誘導之組織損傷(Kohl, J.等人,Mol. Immunol. 36: 893-903 (1999);Baumann, U.等人,J. Immunol. 164: 1065-1070 (2000))。該等結果係與小肽抗C5aR拮抗劑抑制由IC沈積引起之發炎反應之觀察一致(Strachan, A. J.等人,J. Immunol. 164: 6560-6565 (2000))。C5a與其受體一起在IC疾病之發病機制中發揮重要作用。C5a及C5aR之抑制劑可適用以治療此等疾病。
已報導基於非肽之C5a受體拮抗劑可有效治療大鼠中之內毒素休克(Stracham, A.J.等人,J. of Immunol. (2000), 164(12): 6560-6565);及用於治療大鼠模型中之IBD (Woodruff, T.M.等人,J of Immunol., 2003, 171: 5514-5520)。基於非肽之C5a受體調節劑亦已描述於Neurogen Corporation之專利文獻中(例如,WO2004/043925、WO2004/018460、WO2005/007087、WO03/082826、WO03/08828、WO02/49993、WO03/084524;Dompe S.P.A. (WO02/029187);The University of Queenland (WO2004/100975);及ChemoCentryx (WO2010/075257)。
文獻中有相當多之實驗證據表明增加之C5a濃度與許多疾病及病症有關,特定言之在自體免疫及發炎性疾病及病症中。因此,此領域中仍需新穎小有機分子調節劑,例如,C5a受體(C5aR)之促效劑,較佳拮抗劑,局部促效劑,其等適用於抑制與增加之濃度過敏毒素活性相關聯之致病事件例如趨化性。本發明滿足此需求及其他需求。
在一項態樣中,本發明提供式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)及(IIC)化合物:或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中符號、字母及下標n、m、a、b、e、X1
、R1
、R2a
、R2b
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R5’
、R6
、R7
及R8
具有下文描述中提供之含義。
除本文提供之化合物外,本發明進一步提供含有此等化合物中之一或多者之醫藥組合物,及此等化合物在治療方法中之使用方法,主要用以治療與C5a傳訊活性相關聯之疾病。
在又另一態樣中,本發明提供在個體中診斷疾病之方法。在此等方法中,本文提供之化合物係以標記形式向個體投與,接著診斷成像以確定C5aR之存在或缺乏及/或定位表現C5aR受體之細胞。在一相關態樣中,診斷疾病之方法係藉由使組織或血液樣本與如本文提供之標記化合物接觸進行並確定C5aR在該樣本中之存在、缺乏、量或定位。
相關申請案之交叉參考
本申請案主張在35 U.S.C. § 119(e)下對2018年4月2日申請之美國臨時申請案系列第62/651,512號之優先權之權利,該案之揭示內容係以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
縮寫及定義
除非另有規定,否則術語「烷基」(其本身或作為另一取代基之一部分)意謂具有指定碳原子數(即,C1
-8
意謂一至八個碳)之直鏈或分支鏈烴基。烷基之實例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第三丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基,及類似物。術語「烯基」係指具有一或多個雙鍵之不飽和烷基。同樣地,術語「炔基」係指具有一或多個三鍵之不飽和烷基。此等不飽和烷基之實例包括乙烯基、2-丙烯基、巴豆基、2-異戊烯基、2-(丁二烯基)、異丁烯基、2,4-戊二烯基、3-(1,4-戊二烯基)、乙炔基、1-及3-丙炔基、3-丁炔基,及高碳數同系物及異構體。術語「環烷基」係指具有指定數量之環原子(例如,C3-6
環烷基)且為完全飽和或在環頂點之間具有不超過一個雙鍵之烴環。「環烷基」亦意欲係指雙環及多環烴環,諸如,例如,雙環[2.2.1]庚烷、雙環[2.2.2]辛烷等。術語「雜環烷基」係指含有一至五個選自N、O及S之雜原子之環烷基,其中該等氮及硫原子係視需要經氧化,及該(等)氮原子係視需要經季銨化。該雜環烷基可為單環、雙環或多環形環系統。雜環烷基之非限制性實例包括吡咯啶、咪唑啉啶、吡唑啶、丁內醯胺、戊內醯胺、咪唑啶酮、乙內醯脲、二氧戊環、鄰苯二甲醯亞胺、哌啶、1,4-二噁烷、嗎啉、硫嗎啉、硫嗎啉-S-氧化物、硫嗎啉-S,S-氧化物、哌嗪、哌喃、吡啶酮、3-二氫吡咯、噻喃、哌喃酮、四氫呋喃、四氫噻吩、奎寧環,及類似物。雜環烷基可通過環碳或雜原子結合至該分子之剩餘部分。
術語「伸烷基」(其本身或作為另一取代基之一部分)意謂衍生自烷烴之二價基團,如由-CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
-例示。通常,烷基(或伸烷基)將具有1至24個碳原子,且彼等具有10或較少個碳原子之基團在本發明中係較佳的。「低碳數烷基」或「低碳數伸烷基」係較短鏈烷基或伸烷基,通常具有四或更少個碳原子。同樣地,「伸烯基」及「伸炔基」係指分別具有雙鍵或三鍵之「伸烷基」之不飽和形式。
除非另有規定,否則術語「雜烷基」(其本身或與另一術語組合)意謂穩定之直鏈或分支鏈,或環烴基,或其組合,由規定數量之碳原子及一至三個選自由O、N、Si及S組成之群之雜原子組成,且其中該等氮及硫原子可視需要經氧化及該氮雜原子可視需要經季銨化。該(等)雜原子O、N及S可放置於該雜烷基之任何內部位置。該雜原子Si可放置於該雜烷基之任何位置,包括該烷基結合至該分子之剩餘部分之位置。實例包括-CH2
-CH2
-O-CH3
、-CH2
-CH2
-NH-CH3
、-CH2
-CH2
-N(CH3
)-CH3
、-CH2
-S-CH2
-CH3
、-CH2
-CH2
,-S(O)-CH3
、-CH2
-CH2
-S(O)2
-CH3
、-CH=CH-O-CH3
、-Si(CH3
)3
、-CH2
-CH=N-OCH3
及-CH=CH-N(CH3
)-CH3
。多達兩個雜原子可為連續的,諸如,例如,-CH2
-NH-OCH3
及-CH2
-O-Si(CH3
)3
。同樣地,除非另有規定,否則術語「雜烯基」及「雜炔基」(其本身或與另一術語組合)分別意謂烯基或炔基,其含有規定數量之碳及具有一至三個選自由O、N、Si及S組成之群之雜原子,且其中該等氮及硫原子可視需要經氧化及該氮雜原子可視需要經季銨化。該(等)雜原子O、N及S可放置於該雜烷基之任何內部位置。
術語「伸雜烷基」(其本身或作為另一取代基之一部分)意謂衍生自雜烷基之二價基團,飽和或不飽和或多不飽和,如由-CH2
-CH2
-S-CH2
CH2
-及-CH2
-S-CH2
-CH2
-NH-CH2
-、-O-CH2
-CH=CH-、-CH2
-CH=C(H)CH2
-O-CH2
-及-S-CH2
-C≡C-例示。就伸雜烷基而言,雜原子亦可佔據鏈末端之一端或兩端(例如,伸烷氧基、伸烷二氧基、伸烷基胺基、伸烷基二胺基,及類似物)。
術語「烷氧基」、「烷基胺基」及「烷基硫基」 (或硫烷氧基)係在其等習知意義上使用,且係指彼等分別經由氧原子、胺基或硫原子結合至該分子之剩餘部分之烷基。另外,就二烷基胺基而言,該等烷基部分可係相同或不同的且亦可經組合以與各結合之氮原子形成3至7員環。因此,表示為-NRa
Rb
之基團意欲包括哌啶基、吡咯啶基、嗎啉基、氮雜環丁基及類似物。
術語「羥烷基」係在其習知意義上使用,且係指經至少一個羥基取代之分支鏈或直鏈烷基。該羥基可於該烷基之任何位置。例如,術語「C1-4
羥基烷基」意欲包括羥甲基、羥乙基、羥丙基、羥異丙基,及類似物。
除非另有規定,否則術語「鹵基」或「鹵素」(其等本身或作為另一取代基之一部分)意謂氟、氯、溴或碘原子。另外,諸如「鹵烷基」之術語意欲包括單鹵烷基及多鹵烷基。例如,術語「C1
-4
鹵烷基」意欲包括三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、4-氯丁基、3-溴丙基,及類似物。
除非另有規定,否則術語「芳基」意指多不飽和,通常芳族烴基,其可為單環或多環(多達三個環),該等環係稠合在一起或共價連接在一起。術語「雜芳基」係指含有一至五個選自N、O及S之雜原子之芳基(或環),其中該等氮及硫原子係視需要經氧化,及該(等)氮原子係視需要經季銨化。雜芳基可通過雜原子結合至該分子之剩餘部分。芳基之非限制性實例包括苯基、萘基及聯苯,而雜芳基之非限制性實例包括吡啶基、噠嗪基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、喹啉基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、苯并三嗪基、嘌呤基、苯并咪唑基、苯并吡唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并三唑基、苯并異噁唑基、異苯并呋喃基、異吲哚基、吲哚嗪基、苯并三嗪基、噻吩并吡啶基、噻吩并嘧啶基、吡唑并嘧啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶、苯并噻唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、異噻唑基、吡唑基、吲唑基、喋啶基、咪唑基、三唑基、四唑基、噁唑基、異噁唑基、噻二唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基及類似物。用於上文指示之芳基及雜芳基環系統中之各者之取代基係選自下文描述之可接受之取代基之群。
術語「醫藥上可接受之鹽」意欲包括活性化合物之鹽,其等係用相對無毒之酸或鹼,取決於在本文描述之化合物上發現之特定取代基進行製備。當本發明之化合物含有相對酸性官能基時,鹼加成鹽可藉由使此等化合物之中性形式與足量之所需鹼,淨或在合適之惰性溶劑中接觸獲得。衍生自醫藥上可接受之無機鹼之鹽之實例包括鋁、銨、鈣、銅、鐵、亞鐵、鋰、鎂、錳、亞錳、鉀、鈉、鋅及類似物。衍生自醫藥上可接受之有機鹼之鹽包括一級、二級及三級胺之鹽,包括經取代之胺、環胺、天然生成之胺及類似物,諸如精胺酸、甜菜鹼、咖啡因、膽鹼、N,N’-二苯甲基乙二胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基胺基乙醇、2-二甲基胺基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基嗎啉、N-乙基哌啶、還原葡糖胺、葡萄胺糖、組胺酸、海巴胺、異丙胺、離胺酸、甲基還原葡糖胺、嗎啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺樹脂、普魯卡因、嘌呤、可可鹼、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺、氨丁三醇及類似物。當本發明之化合物含有相對鹼性官能基時,酸加成鹽可藉由使此等化合物之中性形式與足量之所需酸,淨或在合適之惰性溶劑中接觸獲得。醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽之實例包括彼等衍生自無機酸者,諸如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硝酸、碳酸、一氫碳酸、磷酸、一氫磷酸、二氫磷酸、硫酸、一氫硫酸、氫碘酸或亞磷酸及類似物,及衍生自相對無毒之有機酸之鹽,諸如乙酸、丙酸、異丁酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、富馬酸、扁桃酸、鄰苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、檸檬酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸,及類似物。亦包括胺基酸之鹽,諸如精胺酸及類似物,及有機酸之鹽,諸如葡萄醣醛酸或半乳醣醛酸及類似物(參見,例如,Berge, S.M.等人,「Pharmaceutical Salts」, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1977, 66, 1-19)。本發明之某些特定化合物含有鹼性及酸性官能基兩者,其容許該等化合物轉化為鹼或酸加成鹽。
化合物之中性形式可藉由使鹽與鹼或酸接觸並以習知方式分離親代化合物再生。化合物之親代形式在某些物理性質上不同於各種鹽形式,諸如在急性溶劑中之溶解度,但出於本發明之目的,該等鹽在其他方面係等同於該化合物之親代形式。
除鹽形式外,本發明提供呈前藥形式之化合物。本文描述之化合物之前藥係彼等在生理條件下容易經受化學變化以提供本發明之化合物之化合物。另外,前藥可藉由化學或生物化學方法在離體環境中轉化為本發明之化合物。例如,當將前藥放置於具有合適之酶或化學試劑之透皮貼劑儲庫中時,該等前藥可緩慢轉化為本發明之化合物。
本發明之某些化合物可以非溶劑化形式及溶劑化形式存在,包括水合形式。一般而言,該等溶劑化形式係等同於非溶劑化形式且意欲包含在本發明之範圍內。本發明之某些化合物可以多晶或非晶型形式存在。一般而言,所有物理形式就由本發明預期之用途而言係等同的且意欲在本發明之範圍內。
本發明之某些化合物具有非對稱碳原子(光學中心)或雙鍵;外消旋物、非對映異構體、幾何異構體、區域異構體及個別異構體(例如,不同對映異構體)係全部意欲包含在本發明之範圍內。本發明之化合物亦可於構成此等化合物之原子之一或多者處含有非天然比例之原子同位素。例如,該等化合物可經放射性同位素諸如例如氚(3
H)、碘-125 (125
I)或碳-14 (14
C)放射性標記。本發明之化合物之所有同位素變化(無論是否放射性)均意欲包含在本發明之範圍內。
術語「前藥組分」係指向化合物提供所需性質之基團,其等改善(例如)該化合物之穩定性、活體內循環時間或溶解度。攜載前藥組分之化合物在向個體投與後係經代謝(一般經由水解或酶促)-導致活性化合物。具有前藥組分之化合物可僅在裂解時變為活性,但具有前藥組分之化合物可以其等未反應之形式具有活性。另外,前藥組分本身可為活性的。本發明中預期之前藥組分之實例包括(但不限於)磷酸鹽、磷甲基、羥甲基、胺基酸、二肽及三肽部分。本文進一步描述預期之其他實施例。
術語「胺基酸」係指天然生成及非天然胺基酸。非天然胺基酸係指具有與天然生成之胺基酸相同之基本化學結構之化合物,即,結合至氫、羧基、胺基及R基團之α碳,諸如(但不限於)高絲胺酸、正白胺酸、蛋胺酸亞碸、甲硫胺酸甲基鋶。此等類似物具有經修飾之R基團(諸如2,5-二胺基戊酸)或經修飾之肽主鏈,但保留與天然生成之胺基酸相同之基本化學結構。本發明之胺基酸包括N-甲基化及N-醯化部分。當胺基酸之末端基團係N原子時,其可經二甲基化。
如本文使用,與本文繪示之任何化學結構中之單鍵、雙鍵或三鍵相交之波浪線「」表示該單鍵、雙鍵或三鍵結合至該分子之剩餘部分之結合點。
實施例之描述化合物
在一項態樣中,本發明提供式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)及(IIC)化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中:
環頂點a係N或C(R2c
),環頂點b係N或C(R2d
),及環頂點e係N或C(R2e
),其中a、b及e中不超過一者係N;
X1
係選自由以下組成之群:鍵、C1-8
伸烷基、C(O)、C(O)-C1-4
伸烷基及S(O)2
;
R1
係選自由以下組成之群:
a)具有1至4個選自N、O及S之雜原子作為環頂點之5至10員雜芳基;
b) C6-10
芳基;
c) C3-8
環烷基;
d)具有1至2個選自N、O及S之雜原子作為環頂點之4至8員雜環烷基;及
e) C1-8
烷基、C1-8
烷氧基、C1-8
鹵烷基、-C(O)NR1a
R1b
及-CO2
R1a
;其中R1a
及R1b
係各獨立地選自由以下組成之群:氫、C1-8
烷基、C6-10
芳基及-C1-6
伸烷基-C6-10
芳基;
其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至5個Rx
取代基取代;
R2a
及R2e
係各獨立地選自由以下組成之群:氫、C1-6
烷基、C1-6
烷氧基、C1-6
鹵烷基、-O-C1-6
鹵烷基、-S-C1-6
烷基、-C1-6
烷基-O-C1-6
烷基、-C1-6
烷基-S-C1-6
烷基、CN及鹵素,且R2a
及R2e
中至少一者不為氫;
R2b
、R2c
及R2d
係各獨立地選自由以下組成之群:氫、C1-6
烷基、C1-6
烷氧基、C1-6
鹵烷基、-O-C1-6
鹵烷基、-S-C1-6
烷基、-C1-6
烷基-O-C1-6
烷基、-C1-6
烷基-S-C1-6
烷基、氰基及鹵素;
各R3
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:羥基、C1-4
烷基、C1-4
鹵烷基及C1-4
羥烷基,及視需要相同碳原子上之兩個R3
基團係經組合以形成側氧基(=O),及視需要兩個R3
基團與其等結合之碳原子形成具有0至2個選自O、N及S之雜原子作為環成員之3至6員環;
R4
係選自由以下組成之群之成員:-NHP1
、-NHC(O)NHP1
、 -CH2
NHP1
及-CH2
NHC(O)NHP1
;
各R5
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-8
烷基、C1-8
烷氧基、C1-8
鹵烷基、C1-8
鹵烷氧基、C1-8
羥烷基、鹵素、OH、CN、C(O)R5a
及CO2
R5a
;
R5’
係選自由以下組成之群之成員:氫、C1-8
烷基、C1-8
鹵烷基、C1-8
羥烷基、C(O)R5a
及CO2
R5a
;其中各R5a
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:氫、C1-4
烷基及C1-4
鹵烷基;
R6
係選自由以下組成之群之成員:氫、C1-6
烷基、C1-6
烷氧基、C1-6
鹵烷基、-O-C1-6
鹵烷基、-S-C1-6
烷基、-C1-6
烷基-O-C1-6
烷基、-C1-6
烷基 -S-C1-6
烷基、氰基及鹵素;
R7
係P1
;及
R8
係-CH2
OP1
;
各P1
係前藥組分;
各Rx
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵素、CN、C1-4
烷基、C1-4
烷氧基、C1-4
鹵烷基、C1-4
鹵烷氧基、C1-4
羥烷基、C2-4
烯基、C3-6
環烷基、CO2
-C1-4
烷基及CONH2
;
下標m係0、1、2、3或4;及
下標n係0、1、2或3。
在一組實施例中,本文提供之化合物具有式(IA)。在另一組實施例中,本文提供之化合物具有式(IB)。在又另一組實施例中,本文提供之化合物具有式(IC)。在又另一組實施例中,本文提供之化合物具有式(IIA)。在另一組實施例中,本文提供之化合物具有式(IIB)。在又另一組實施例中,本文提供之化合物具有式(IIC)。
在針對式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例,及上文指示之實施例之群中之任何一者中,P1
係選自由以下組成之群:
其中各R9
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:H及C1-3
烷基;及
各R10
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:H、C1-3
烷基、苯基及苯甲基。
在針對式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例,及上文指示之實施例之群中之任何一者中,P1
係選自由以下組成之群:,
其中:
各Ry
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:-OP(O)(ORy1
)2
、 -OC(O)CH2
N(Ry2
)2
、-N(Ry2
)2
及哌嗪;
各Ry1
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:H、C1-3
烷基及苯甲基;
各Ry2
係獨立地H或C1-3
烷基;及
攜載Ry
或-CH2
Ry
取代基之各苯環係經獨立地0至3個選自由以下組成之群之成員進一步取代:硝基、鹵素、CN、CF3
、C1-4
烷基、C1-4
烷氧基、C1-4
鹵烷基、C1-4
鹵烷氧基及C1-4
羥烷基。
在針對式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例,及上文指示之實施例之群中之任何一者中,P1
係選自由以下組成之群:-CH2
OH、-P(O)(OR10
)2
及-CH2
-O-P(O)(OR10
)2
,其中各R10
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:H、C1-3
烷基、苯基及苯甲基,
在針對式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例,及上文指示之實施例之群中之任何一者中,P1
係選自由以下組成之群:胺基酸、二肽及三肽。在一些實施例中,該等胺基酸、二肽或三肽係天然胺基酸。在一些實施例中,該等胺基酸、二肽或三肽部分係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:甘胺酸、丙胺酸、纈胺酸、白胺酸、異白胺酸、離胺酸、半胱胺酸、天門冬胺酸、麩胺酸、組胺酸及苯丙胺酸,其中各胺基酸單元之N原子可經甲基化或醯化。
本發明之胺基酸可經由任何合適之方式共價連接至該分子之剩餘部分。合適之鍵聯包括(但不限於)胺基與羥基間之醯胺形成、羧酸基團與羥基間之酯形成,及硫基與胺基間之磺醯胺形成(N-S鍵聯)。通常,胺基酸係經由α胺基或α羧酸共價連接至該分子之剩餘部分;然而,當胺基酸之R基團包括官能基,此亦可充當連接點。例如,麩胺酸之羧酸可充當對該分子之剩餘部分之連接點。同樣地,半胱胺酸之巰基亦可充當對該分子之剩餘部分之連接點。
在針對式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例,及上文指示之實施例之群中之任何一者中,P1
係選自由以下組成之群:、及
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之實施例之群中之任何一者,在某些經選擇之實施例中,X1
係鍵;在其他經選擇之實施例中,X1
係C(O);在又其他經選擇之實施例中,X1
係C1-8
伸烷基;在又其他經選擇之實施例中,X1
係C(O)-C1-4
伸烷基或S(O)2
。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之基團或經選擇之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,其中R1
係具有1至4個選自N、O及S之雜原子作為環頂點之5至10員雜芳基;且其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代。在又其他實施例中,R1
係選自由以下組成之群:吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基及吡嗪基;且其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之基團或經選擇之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,其中R1
係C6-10
芳基;且其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代。在又其他實施例中,R1
係苯基;且其中基團 -X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之基團或經選擇之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,R1
係C3-8
環烷基;且其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代。在又其他實施例中,R1
係選自由以下組成之群:環丁基、環戊基及環己基;且其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之基團或經選擇之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,R1
係具有1至2個選自N、O及S之雜原子作為環頂點之4至8員雜環烷基;且其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代。在又其他經選擇之實施例中,R1
係選自由以下組成之群:氧雜環丁烷基、四氫呋喃基、四氫哌喃基及嗎啉基;且其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之基團或經選擇之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,R1
係選自由以下組成之群:C1-8
烷基、C1-8
烷氧基、C1-8
鹵烷基、-C(O)NR1a
R1b
及-CO2
R1a
;其中R1a
及R1b
係各獨立地選自由以下組成之群:氫、C1-8
烷基、C6-10
芳基及-C1-6
伸烷基-C6-10
芳基;且其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之基團或經選擇之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,R1
係選自由以下組成之群:苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基及吡嗪基;且其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,環頂點a及b係CH;R2b
係H;環頂點e係C(R2e
),及R2a
及R2e
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-6
烷基、C1-6
烷氧基、C1-6
鹵烷基、-O-C1-6
鹵烷基、-S-C1-6
烷基、-C1-6
烷基-O-C1-6
烷基、-C1-6
烷基-S-C1-6
烷基、CN及鹵素。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,環頂點a及b係CH;R2b
係H;環頂點e係C(R2e
),及R2a
及R2e
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-6
烷基、C1-6
烷氧基及鹵素。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,下標n係0、1或2及各R5
當存在時係選自由以下組成之群:F、Cl、CN、C1-4
烷基及C1-4
烷氧基。在又其他經選擇之實施例中,下標n係0、1或2及各R5
當存在時係選自由以下組成之群:F、Cl、CN、CH3
及OCH3
。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,下標m係0、1或2及各R3
當存在時係C1-4
烷基。
在一特定組之式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之實施例中,R1
係選自由以下組成之群:苯基或吡啶基,其中基團-X1
-R1
係視需要經1至4個Rx
取代基取代;環頂點a及b係CH;R2b
係H;環頂點e係C(R2e
),及R2a
及R2e
係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-6
烷基、C1-6
烷氧基及鹵素;m係0、1或2及各R3
當存在時係CH3
;n係0、1或2及各R5
當存在時係選自由以下組成之群:F、Cl、CN、CH3
及OCH3
。
在式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R1
係選自由以下組成之群:
在式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,-X1
-R1
係選自由以下組成之群:
在式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R1
係選自由以下組成之群:。
在式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R1
係選自由以下組成之群:。
在式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之一些實施例中,R1
係選自由以下組成之群:。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,基團係選自由以下組成之群:。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,其中n係0。
關於式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)、(IIC)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及上文指示之實施例中之任何一者,在一些其他實施例中,下標n係2及兩個R3
基團係在相同碳原子上且係經組合以形成側氧基(=O)。
在一些實施例中,本發明之化合物係實例部分及隨附表格中描述之化合物。化合物之製法
本發明之某些化合物可遵循如此檔案之實例部分中描述之方法進行製備。另外,本文亦描述適用於製備本發明之化合物之某些中間物化合物之合成。
醫藥組合物
除上文提供之化合物外,用於在人類及動物中調節C5a活性之組合物將通常含有醫藥載劑或稀釋劑。
如本文使用之術語「組合物」旨在包含包含規定量之規定成分之產品,及直接或間接產生自規定量之規定成分之組合之任何產品。「醫藥上可接受」意謂必須與調配物之其他成分相容且對其接受者無毒之載劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑。
用於投與本發明之化合物之醫藥組合物可便利地以單位劑型呈現且可藉由藥劑學及藥物遞送之領域中熟知的方法中之任何一者進行製備。所有方法包括使活性成分與構成一或多種輔助成分之載劑締合之步驟。一般而言,該等醫藥組合物係藉由均勻且緊密地使活性成分與液體載劑或細分固體載劑或兩者締合,且然後,視需要,將產物塑形成所需調配物進行製備。在醫藥組合物中,活性目標化合物係以一經疾病之進展或病症即足夠產生所需效應之量包括於其中。
含有活性成分之醫藥組合物可呈適用於口服之形式,例如,諸如錠劑、片劑、菱形糖、水性或油性懸浮液、可分散之粉末或顆粒、如美國專利申請案2002-0012680中描述之乳液及自乳化、硬質或軟質膠囊、糖漿劑、酏劑、溶液、口腔貼片、口服凝膠、口香糖、可咀嚼錠劑、泡騰粉末及泡騰片。旨在用於口服之組合物可根據此項技術中已知用於製造醫藥組合物之任何方法進行製備且此等組合物可含有選自由以下組成之群之一或多種藥劑:甜味劑、調味劑、著色劑、抗氧化劑及保藏劑,以提供醫藥上優雅且可口之製劑。錠劑含有活性成分與適用於製造錠劑之非毒性醫藥上可接受之賦形劑之混合物。此等賦形劑可係例如惰性稀釋劑,諸如纖維素、二氧化矽、氧化鋁、碳酸鈣、碳酸鈉、葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、乳糖、鈣磷酸鹽或磷酸鈉;製粒及崩解劑,例如,玉米澱粉或海藻酸;結合劑,例如PVP、纖維素、PEG、澱粉、明膠或阿拉伯樹膠,及潤滑劑,例如硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸或滑石。該等錠劑可未經包覆或其等可經包覆,腸溶或以其他方式藉由已知技術以延遲在胃腸道中之崩解及吸收並藉此在更長之時間週期內提供持續作用。例如,可採用諸如單硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯之延時材料。延時材料亦可藉由美國專利案第4,256,108;4,166,452;及4,265,874號中描述之技術進行包覆以形成用於控釋之滲透性治療錠劑。
用於口服之調配物亦可呈現為硬質明膠膠囊,其中活性成分係與惰性固體稀釋劑例如碳酸鈣、鈣磷酸鹽或高嶺土混合,或呈現為軟質明膠膠囊,其中活性成分係與水或油介質例如花生油、液體石蠟或橄欖油混合。另外,乳液可用非水混溶性成分(諸如油)製備,並用表面活性劑(諸如甘油單酯-甘油二酯、PEG酯及類似物)穩定。
水性懸浮液含有活性材料與適用於製造水性懸浮液之賦形劑之混合物。此等賦形劑係懸浮劑,例如羧甲基纖維素鈉、甲基纖維素、羥基-丙基甲基纖維素、海藻酸鈉、聚乙烯基-吡咯啶酮、黃蓍樹膠及阿拉伯樹膠;分散劑或潤濕劑可係天然生成之磷脂,例如卵磷脂,或環氧烷與脂肪酸之縮合產物,例如硬脂酸聚氧乙烯,或環氧乙烷與長鏈脂肪醇之縮合產物,例如十七碳亞乙基氧基鯨蠟醇,或環氧乙烷與衍生自脂肪酸及己糖醇之部分酯(諸如聚氧乙烯山梨醇單油酸酯)之縮合產物,或環氧乙烷與衍生自脂肪酸及己糖醇酸酐之部分酯(例如聚山梨醇單油酸酯)之縮合產物。該等水性懸浮液亦可含有一或多種防腐劑(例如對羥基苯甲酸乙酯或對羥基苯甲酸正丙酯)、一或多種著色劑、一或多種調味劑及一或多種甜味劑(諸如蔗糖或糖精)。
油性懸浮液可藉由將活性成分懸浮於植物油(例如花生油、橄欖油、芝麻油或椰子油)中,或懸浮於礦物油(諸如液體石蠟)中進行調配。該等油性懸浮液可含有增稠劑,例如蜂蠟、硬石蠟或鯨臘醇。可添加甜味劑(諸如彼等上文闡述者)及調味劑以提供可口之口服製劑。此等組合物可藉由添加抗氧化劑(諸如抗壞血酸)進行保存。
適用於藉由添加水製備水性懸浮液之可分散粉末及顆粒提供活性成分與分散劑或潤濕劑、懸浮劑及一或多種防腐劑之混合物。合適之分散劑或潤濕劑及懸浮劑係由彼等上文已提及者例示。另外之賦形劑(例如甜味劑、調味劑及著色劑)亦可存在。
本發明之醫藥組合物亦可呈水包油乳液之形式。油相可為植物油(例如橄欖油或花生油),或礦物油(例如液體石蠟)或此等之混合物。合適之乳化劑可係天然生成之樹膠(例如阿拉伯樹膠或黃蓍樹膠)、天然生成之磷脂(例如大豆、卵磷脂),及衍生自脂肪酸及己糖醇酸酐之酯或部分酯(例如山梨糖醇酐單油酸酯),及該等部分酯與環氧乙烷之縮合產物(例如聚氧乙烯脫水山梨糖醇單油酸酯)。該等乳液亦可含有甜味劑及調味劑。
糖漿劑及酏劑可與甜味劑(例如,甘油、丙二醇、山梨醇或蔗糖)調配。此等調配物亦可含有緩和劑、防腐劑及調味劑及著色劑。口服溶液可與(例如)環糊精、PEG及表面活性劑組合製備。
醫藥組合物可呈無菌可注射水性及油性懸浮液之形式。此懸浮液可根據已知技術使用彼等合適之上文已提及之分散劑或潤濕劑及懸浮劑進行調配。無菌可注射製劑亦可為於非毒性非經腸可接受之稀釋劑或溶劑中之無菌可注射溶液或懸浮液,例如作呈於1,3-丁二醇中之溶液。其中可採用之可接受之媒劑及溶劑係水、林格氏溶液及等滲氯化鈉溶液。另外,無菌固定油習知用作溶劑或懸浮介質。出於此目的,可採用任何溫和之固定油,包括合成之甘油單酯或甘油二酯。另外,發現脂肪酸(諸如油酸)用於製備可注射物。
本發明之化合物亦可以用於直腸投與藥物之栓劑之形式進行投與。此等組合物可藉由將藥物與合適之無刺激性賦形劑混合進行製備,無刺激性賦形劑在常溫下為固體但在直腸溫度下為液體且將因此,在直腸中融化以釋放藥物。此等材料包括可可油及聚乙二醇。另外,該等化合物可經由眼遞送藉助於溶液或軟膏進行投與。更進一步,標的化合物之透皮遞送可藉助於離子電滲貼及類似物完成。就局部使用而言,採用含有本發明之化合物之藥膏、軟膏、凝膠劑、溶液或懸浮液等。如本文使用,局部施用亦意欲包括使用漱口水及漱口劑。
本發明之化合物亦可偶合係合適之聚合物之載劑(諸如可靶向藥物載劑)。此等聚合物可包括聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、哌喃共聚物、聚羥基 -丙基-甲基丙烯醯胺-苯酚、聚羥乙基-天冬醯胺-苯酚,或經棕櫚醯基殘基取代之聚環氧乙烷-聚離胺酸。此外,本發明之化合物可偶合至係適用於達成藥物之控釋之一類可生物降解之聚合物之載劑,例如聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸及聚乙醇酸之共聚物、聚ε-己內酯、聚羥基丁酸、聚原酸酯、聚縮醛、聚二氫哌喃、聚氰基丙烯酸酯及水凝膠之交聯或兩親嵌段共聚物。聚合物及半滲透聚合物基材可形成成型製品,諸如瓣膜、支架、管材、假體及類似物。在本發明之一項實施例中,本發明之化合物係偶合至形成支架或支架移植物裝置之聚合物或半滲透聚合物基材。
本發明之醫藥組合物可與一或多種另外之治療劑調配。該一或多種另外之治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:皮質類固醇、類固醇、免疫抑制劑、免疫球蛋白G促效劑、二肽基肽酶IV抑制劑、淋巴細胞功能抗原-3受體拮抗劑、介白素-2配體、介白素-1 β配體抑制劑、IL-2受體α子單元抑制劑、HGF基因刺激物、IL-6拮抗劑、IL-5拮抗劑、α 1抗胰蛋白酶刺激物、大麻受體拮抗劑、組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑、AKT蛋白激酶抑制劑、CD20抑制劑、Abl酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、JAK酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、TNF α配體抑制劑、血紅蛋白調節劑、TNF拮抗劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、CD3調節劑、Hsp 70家族抑制劑、免疫球蛋白促效劑、CD30拮抗劑、微管蛋白拮抗劑、神經胺醇-1-磷酸鹽受體-1促效劑、結締組織生長因子配體抑制劑、半胱天冬酶抑制劑、促腎上腺皮質素配體、Btk酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、補體C1s子組分抑制劑、紅血球生成素受體促效劑、B-淋巴細胞刺激物配體抑制劑、週期蛋白依賴性激酶-2抑制劑、P-選擇蛋白(selectin)醣蛋白配體-1刺激物、mTOR抑制劑、延長因子2抑制劑、細胞黏著分子抑制劑、因子XIII促效劑、鈣調磷酸酶抑制劑、免疫球蛋白G1促效劑、肌苷一磷酸去氫酶抑制劑、補體C1s子組分抑制劑、胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶調節劑、細胞毒性T-淋巴細胞蛋白-4調節劑、血管緊張素II受體拮抗劑、血管緊張素II受體調節劑、TNF超家族受體12A拮抗劑、CD52拮抗劑、腺苷去胺酶抑制劑、T細胞分化抗原CD6抑制劑、FGF-7配體、二氫乳清酸鹽去氫酶抑制劑、Syk酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、干擾素I型受體拮抗劑、干擾素α配體抑制劑、巨噬細胞遷移抑制因子抑制劑、整合素α-V/β-6拮抗劑、半胱胺酸蛋白酶刺激物、p38 MAP激酶抑制劑、TP53基因抑制劑、志賀樣毒素I抑制劑、岩藻糖基轉移酶6刺激物、介白素22配體、IRS1基因抑制劑、蛋白激酶C刺激物、蛋白激酶C α抑制劑、CD74拮抗劑、免疫球蛋白γ Fc受體IIB拮抗劑、T細胞抗原CD7抑制劑、CD95拮抗劑、N乙醯基甘露糖胺激酶刺激物、心肌營養素-1配體、白血球彈性蛋白酶抑制劑、CD40配體受體拮抗劑、CD40配體調節劑、IL-17拮抗劑、TLR-2拮抗劑、聚甘露糖結合性凝集素絲胺酸蛋白酶-2 (MASP-2)抑制劑、因子B抑制劑、因子D抑制劑、C3aR調節劑、C5aR2調節劑、T細胞受體拮抗劑、PD-1抑制劑、PD-L1抑制劑、TIGIT抑制劑、TIM-3抑制劑、LAG-3抑制劑、VISTA抑制劑、STING促效劑、IDO抑制劑、腺核苷受體調節劑、CD39抑制劑、CD73抑制劑、趨化介素受體(尤其CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4、CXCR7、CCR1、CCR2、CCR3、CCR4、CCR5、CCR7、CCR7、CCR9、CX3CR1及CXCR6)之拮抗劑,及其組合。
在一些實施例中,一或多種另外之治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:奧匹妥珠單抗(obinutuzumab)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)、奧瑞珠單抗(ocrelizumab)、環磷醯胺(cyclophosphamide)、強的松(prednisone)、氫化可的松(hydrocortisone)、乙酸氫化可的松(hydrocortisone acetate)、乙酸可的松(cortisone acetate)、特戊酸替可的松(tixocortol pivalate)、潑尼松龍(prednisolone)、甲基潑尼松龍(methyl prednisolone)、曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide)、曲安奈德醇(triamcinolone alcohol)、莫米松(mometasone)、安西奈德(amcinonide)、布地奈德(budesonide)、地奈德(desonide)、氟輕松(fluocinonide)、乙酸氟輕松(fluocinolone acetonide)、哈西奈德(halcinonide)、倍他米松(betamethasone)、倍他米松磷酸鈉(betamethasone sodium phosphate)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、地塞米松磷酸鈉(dexamethasone sodium phosphate)、氟考龍(fluocortolone)、氫化可的松-17-戊酸鹽、鹵米松(halometasone)、二丙酸阿氯米松(alclometasone dipropionate)、倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、戊酸倍他米松、二丙酸倍他米松、潑尼卡酯(prednicarbate)、可洛貝他松-17-丁酸鹽、倍氯松-17-丙酸鹽、己酸氟考龍、新戊酸氟考龍、乙酸氟潑啶(fluprednidene acetate)、氫化可的松-17-丁酸鹽、氫化可的松-17-醋丙酸酯(aceponate)、氫化可的松-17-丁丙酸酯、環索奈德(ciclesonide)及潑尼卡酯(prednicarbate)、GB-0998、伊穆格洛(immuglo)、貝格洛單抗(begelomab)、阿法賽特(alefacept)、阿地白介素(aldesleukin)、吉伏珠單抗(gevokizumab)、達利珠單抗(daclizumab)、巴厘昔單抗(basiliximab)、伊諾莫單抗(inolimomab)、培米諾近培拉米德(beperminogene perplasmid)、西魯庫單抗(sirukumab)、塔西單抗(tocilizumab)、克拉紮珠單抗(clazakizumab)、美泊利單抗(mepolizumab)、芬戈莫德(fingolimod)、帕比司他(panobinostat)、曲西立濱(triciribine)、尼洛替尼(nilotinib)、伊馬替尼(imatinib)、妥昔替尼(tofacitinib)、莫莫替尼(momelotinib)、培氟替尼(peficitinib)、伊塔替尼(itacitinib)、英夫利昔單抗(infliximab)、PEG-bHb-CO、依那西普(etanercept)、依沙唑米(ixazomib)、硼替佐米(bortezomib)、莫羅莫那(muromonab)、奧立昔單抗(otelixizumab)、古斯佩里烏(gusperimu)、貝倫妥單抗維多汀(brentuximab vedotin)、潘尼莫德(Ponesimod)、KRP-203、FG-3019、埃姆裡卡桑(emricasan)、促皮質素(corticotropin)、伊布魯蒂尼(ibrutinib)、辛呂澤(cinryze)、可奈司他(conestat)、甲氧基聚乙二醇-紅血球生成素β、貝利木單抗(belimumab)、布利比莫德(blisibimod)、阿塞西普(atacicept)、塞利西利(seliciclib)、奈伊珠單抗(neihulizumab)、依維莫司(everolimus)、西羅莫司(sirolimus)、地尼白介素白喉毒素連接物(denileukin diftitox)、LMB-2、那他珠單抗(natalizumab)、卡曲得考(catridecacog)、環孢素(ciclosporin)、他克莫司(tacrolimu)、伏環孢素(voclosporin)、伏環孢素(voclosporin)、卡納單抗(canakinumab)、黴酚酸酯(mycophenolate)、咪唑立賓(mizoribine)、CE-1145、TK-DLI、阿巴西普(abatacept)、貝拉西普(belatacept)、奧美沙坦酯(olmesartan medoxomil)、斯帕森坦(sparsentan)、TXA-127、BIIB-023、阿侖單抗(alemtuzumab)、噴司他汀(pentostatin)、伊托珠單抗(itolizumab)、帕利夫明(palifermin)、來氟米特(leflunomide)、PRO-140、塞尼利維洛(cenicriviroc)、福斯馬替尼(fostamatinib)、阿尼弗洛單抗(anifrolumab)、西伐單抗(sifalimumab)、BAX-069、BG-00011、洛賽匹莫德(losmapimod)、QPI-1002、ShigamAb、TZ-101、F-652、瑞帕辛(reparixin)、拉達裡辛(ladarixin)、PTX-9908、阿加尼森(aganirsen)、APH-703、索麴菌素(sotrastaurin)、索麴菌素(sotrastaurin)、米拉珠單抗(milatuzumab)、SM-101、T-Guard、APG-101、DEX-M74、心肌營養素-1(cardiotrophin-1)、提普利斯特(tiprelestat)、ASKP-1240、BMS-986004、HPH-116、KD-025、OPN-305、TOL-101、去纖苷(defibrotide)、泊馬度胺(pomalidomide)、兔抗胸腺細胞免疫球蛋白(Thymoglobulin)、拉喹莫德(laquinimod)、雷姆斯泰爾-L(remestemcel-L)、馬抗胸腺細胞免疫球蛋白(Equine antithymocyte immunoglobulin)、斯丹標塞(Stempeucel)、LIV-γ、奧克塔加(Octagam) 10%、t2c-001、99mTc-司他比鍀(99mTc-sestamibi)、Clairyg、普羅索巴、泊馬度胺(pomalidomide)、拉喹莫德(laquinimod)、替普珠單抗(teplizumab)、FCRx、茄尼醇(solnatide)、佛魯單抗(foralumab)、ATIR-101、BPX-501、ACP-01、ALLO-ASC-DFU、厄貝沙坦(irbesartan) +丙帕鍺(propagermanium)、ApoCell、大麻二酚(cannabidiol)、RGI-2001、乳清酸(saratin)、抗CD3二價抗體-白喉毒素結合物、NOX-100、LT-1951、OMS721、ALN-CC5、ACH-4471、AMY-101、阿克撒凝膠(Acthar gel)及CD4+CD25+調節性T細胞、MEDI7814、P32、P59、彭布利單抗(pembrolizumab)、尼沃單抗(nivolumab)、阿特珠單抗(atezolizumab)、阿維魯單抗(avelumab)、德瓦魯單抗(durvalumab)、CCX354、CCX721、CCX9588、CCX140、CCX872、CCX598、CCX6239、CCX587、CCX624、CCX282、CCX025、CCX507、CCX430、CCX765、CCX758、CCX771、CCX662、CCX650,及其組合。組合治療之進一步討論係包括於此申請案之「使用方法」部分中。
使用方法
本發明之化合物可在各種環境中(活體外及活體內兩者)用作C5a受體之促效劑,(較佳為)拮抗劑、局部促效劑、反向促效劑。在一項實施例中,本發明之化合物係可用於活體外或活體內抑制C5a受體配體(例如,C5a)結合至C5a受體之C5aR拮抗劑。一般而言,此等方法包括使C5a受體與足量之一或多種如本文提供之C5a受體調節劑,在C5a受體配體之存在下,在水溶液中,及在其他適用於將配體結合至C5a受體之條件下進行接觸之步驟。該C5a受體可存在於懸浮液(例如,經分離之膜或細胞製劑)、經培養或分離之細胞、或組織或器官中。
較佳地,與受體接觸之C5a受體調節劑之量應足以於活體外抑制C5a結合至C5a受體,如(例如)使用如本文描述之放射性配體結合分析、鈣移動分析或趨化性分析進行量測。
在本發明之一項實施例中,本發明之C5a調節劑係用以調節(較佳抑制) C5a受體之信號轉導活性,例如,藉由使一或多種本發明之化合物與C5a受體(活體外或活體內)在適用於讓調節劑結合至受體之條件下進行接觸。受體可存在於溶液或懸浮液、經培養或分離之細胞製劑或病患中。可藉由偵測對鈣離子鈣移動之影響或藉由偵測對由C5a受體介導之細胞趨化性之影響,分析信號轉導活性之任何調節性。一般而言,C5a調節劑之有效量係足以在鈣移動分析中,於活體外調節C5a受體信號轉導活性或在遷移分析中,調節由C5a受體介導之細胞趨化性之量。
當本發明之化合物係用在活體外趨化性分析中抑制由C5a受體介導之細胞趨化性,較佳係白血球(例如,嗜中性白血球)趨化性時,此等方法包括使白血球(特定言之,靈長類動物白血球,尤其人類白血球)與一或多種本發明之化合物接觸。較佳地,濃度係足以在活體外趨化性分析中抑制白血球之趨化性,使得如上文描述,對照分析中觀察到之趨化性程度顯著高於在其中已添加本發明之化合物之分析中觀察到的程度。
在另一實施例中,本發明之化合物可進一步用於治療患有對C5a受體調節有反應之病症之病患。如本文使用,術語「治療」包含改善疾病之治療及對症治療兩者,其等中之任何一者均可為預防性(即,在症狀出現之前,以防止、延遲或降低症狀之嚴重程度)或治療性(即,在症狀出現之後,以降低症狀之嚴重程度及/或持續時間)的。如本文使用,若C5a受體活性之調節導致C5a受體之不適當活性之減少,則認為病症「對C5a受體調節有反應」。如本文使用,術語「病患」包括靈長類(尤其人類)、經馴化之伴侶動物(諸如狗、貓、馬及類似物)及家畜(諸如牛、豬、綿羊及類似物),使用如本文描述之劑量。可藉由 C5a 調節治療之病症:
自體免疫病症
--例如,類風濕關節炎、全身性紅斑狼瘡、格林-巴厘症候群(Guillain-Barre syndrome)、胰炎、狼瘡性腎炎、狼瘡性腎小球腎炎、牛皮癬、克隆氏病(Crohn’s disease)、血管炎、腸激躁症候群、皮肌炎、多發性硬化症、支氣管哮喘、密度沈積病(dense deposit disease)、天皰瘡、類天皰瘡、硬皮症、重症肌無力、自體免疫性溶血及血小板減少狀態、古巴斯德氏症候群 (及相關聯之腎小球腎炎及肺出血)、C3-腎小球疾病、C3-腎小球腎炎、膜增生性腎小球腎炎、川崎病、IGs腎病、免疫血管炎、組織移植物排斥、移植物抗宿主疾病、移植器官之超急性排斥反應;及類似病症。
發炎性病症及相關病症
--例如,嗜中性白血球減少症、敗血症、敗血性休克、阿茲海默症(Alzheimer’s disease)、多發性硬化症、嗜中性白血球增多症、中風、發炎性腸病(IBD)、與嚴重燒傷相關聯之發炎、肺損傷及缺血再灌注損傷、骨性關節炎,及急性(成人)呼吸窘迫症候群(ARDS)、慢性肺阻塞性病症(COPD)、全身發炎反應症候群(SIRS)、異位性皮炎、牛皮癬、慢性蕁麻疹及多器官功能障礙症候群(MODS)、溶血性尿毒症候群、非典型溶血性尿毒症候群(aHUS)。本文亦包括與胰島素依賴性糖尿病相關聯之病理後遺症(包括糖尿病視網膜病變)、狼瘡性腎病、海曼腎炎、膜性腎炎及腎小球腎炎之其他形式、接觸性過敏反應,及由血液與人造表面接觸引起之發炎,其可引起補體活化,如(例如)在血液之體外循環期間發生(例如,在血液透析期間或經由心肺機,例如,與血管外科(諸如冠狀動脈旁路移植術或心臟瓣膜置換術)相關聯,或與其他人造血管或容器表面(例如,心室輔助裝置、人造心臟機器、輸液管、儲血袋、血漿清除術、血小板清除術,及類似物)接觸相關聯。亦包括與局部缺血/再灌注損傷相關之疾病,諸如彼等產生自移植者,包括實體器官移植,及症候群,諸如缺血性再灌注損傷、缺血性結腸炎及心臟局部缺血。本發明之化合物亦可適用於治療年齡相關性黃斑變性(Hageman等人,P.N.A.S.102: 7227-7232, 2005)。
心血管及腦血管病症
--例如,心肌梗塞、冠狀動脈血栓形成、血管閉塞、手術後血管再閉塞、動脈粥樣硬化、創傷性中樞神經系統損傷,及缺血性心臟病。在一項實施例中,可向面臨心肌梗塞或血栓形成之病患(即,有心肌梗塞或血栓形成之一或多個公認之風險因素之病患,該等風險因素諸如(但不限於)肥胖、吸煙、高血壓、高膽固醇血症、心肌梗塞或血栓形成之既往或遺傳史)投與有效量之本發明之化合物以降低心肌梗塞或血栓形成之風險。
腫瘤疾病或病症
--例如,黑色素瘤、肺癌、淋巴瘤、肉瘤、癌、纖維肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、軟骨肉瘤、骨原性肉瘤、血管肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、滑膜瘤、間皮瘤、腦膜瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、鱗狀細胞癌、基底細胞癌、腺癌、乳突癌、囊腺癌、支氣管癌、腎細胞癌、肝細胞癌、移行細胞癌、絨毛膜癌、精細胞瘤、胚胎性癌、威爾姆斯瘤(wilm’s tumor)、多形性腺瘤、肝細胞乳頭狀瘤、腎小管腺瘤、囊腺瘤、乳頭狀瘤、腺瘤、平滑肌瘤、橫紋肌瘤、血管瘤、淋巴管瘤、骨瘤、軟骨瘤、脂肪瘤及纖維瘤。
血管炎之疾病
--血管炎性疾病之特徵在於血管之發炎。白血球之滲透導致血管壁之破壞,及補體途徑據信在開始白血球遷移及於發炎之位點顯示之造成之損傷中發揮主要作用(Vasculitis,第二版,由Ball and Bridges編輯,Oxford University Press,第47至53頁,2008)。本發明中提供之化合物可用以治療白血球破壞過多性血管炎、抗嗜中性白血球細胞質抗體(ANCA)相關血管炎、免疫血管炎華格納氏(Wegener’s)肉芽腫病、顯微多血管炎、丘格-施特勞斯症候群(Churg-Strauss syndrome)、亨諾-許蘭紫癜(Henoch-Schonlein purpura)、結節性多動脈炎、快速進展性腎小球腎炎(RPGN)、冷球蛋白血症、巨細胞動脈炎(GCA)、白塞氏病(Behcet’s disease)及高橋動脈炎(Takayasu’s arteritis) (TAK)。
HIV 感染及 AIDS
—本文提供之C5a受體調節劑可用以抑制HIV感染、延遲AIDS進展或降低HIV感染及AIDS之症狀之嚴重程度。
神經退化性病症及相關疾病
--在其他態樣中,本文提供之C5a拮抗劑可用以治療阿茲海默症、多發性硬化症,及與心肺分流手術及相關程序相關聯之認知功能下降。
在本發明之一項實施例中,本發明之化合物可用於治療選自由以下組成之群之疾病:敗血症(及相關聯之病症)、COPD、類風濕關節炎、狼瘡性腎炎及多發性硬化症。
本文提供之治療方法一般包括向病患投與有效量之本文提供之一或多種化合物。合適之病患包括彼等患有或易患(即,預防性治療)本文識別之病症或疾病之病患。用於如本文描述之治療之典型病患包括哺乳動物,特定言之靈長類動物,尤其人類。其他合適之病患包括經馴化之伴侶動物(諸如狗、貓、馬,及類似物),或家畜(諸如牛、豬、綿羊及類似物)。
一般而言,本文提供之治療方法包括向病患投與有效量之本文提供之一或多種化合物。在一較佳實施例中,本發明之化合物係較佳經口或局部地向病患(例如,人類)投與。該有效量可為足以調節C5a受體活性之量及/或足以減少或減輕由病患呈現之症狀之量。較佳地,投與之量係足以產生高到足以活體外可偵測地抑制白血球(例如,嗜中性白血球)趨化性之化合物(或若該化合物為前藥,則其活性代謝物)之血漿濃度。治療方案可取決於使用之化合物及待治療之特定病症而變化;就大多數病症之治療而言,每天4次或更少之投與頻率為較佳。一般而言,每天2次之劑量方案為更佳,且每天一次給藥特別佳。然而,應瞭解用於任何特定病患之特定劑量及治療方案將取決於各種因素,包括採用之特定化合物之活性、年齡、體重、一般健康、性別、飲食、投與時間、投與途徑、排泄率、藥物組合(即,向該病患投與之其他藥物)及經治療之特定疾病之嚴重程度,及開處方之執業醫師之判斷。一般而言,使用足以提供有效治療之最小劑量為較佳。病患之治療有效性可一般使用適用於治療或預防中之病症之醫學或獸醫標準進行監測。
自每天每公斤體重約0.1 mg至約140 mg之級別之劑量係適用於治療或預防涉及致病性C5a活性之病症(每天每人類病患約0.5 mg至約7 g)。可與載劑材料組合以產生單一劑型之活性成分之量將取決於經治療之宿主及特定之投與模式而變化。劑量單位形式一般含有在自約1 mg至約500 mg之間的活性成分。就經口、經皮、靜脈內或皮下投與之化合物而言,投與足量之化合物以達成5 ng (奈克)/mL至10 μg (微克)/mL血清之血清濃度為較佳,更佳地,應投與足夠之化合物以達成20 ng至1 μg/ml血清之血清濃度,最佳地,應投與足夠之化合物以達成50 ng/ml至200 ng/ml血清之血清濃度。為直接注射至滑膜(用於治療關節炎)內,應投與足夠之化合物以達成約1微莫耳之局部濃度。
劑量之頻率亦可取決於使用之化合物及所治療之特定疾病而變化。然而,就大多數病症之治療而言,每天4次,每天三次或更少之劑量方案為較佳,及每天一次或每天2次之劑量方案為特別佳。然而,應瞭解用於任何特定病患之特定劑量將取決於各種因素而變化,包括採用之特定化合物之活性、年齡、體重、一般健康、性別、飲食、投與時間、投與途徑及排泄率、藥物組合(即,向該病患投與之其他藥物)、經治療之特定疾病之嚴重程度,及取決於其他因素(包括開處方之執業醫師之判斷)而變化。組合治療
本發明揭示之化合物可與用於治療、預防、抑制或改善其中本發明之化合物及組合物係有用之疾病或病症之一或多種另外之治療劑組合使用。此一或多種另外之治療劑可藉由常用之途徑或以常用之量,與本發明之化合物或組合物同時或依序投與。當本發明之化合物或組合物與一或多種其他藥物同時使用時,含有除本發明之化合物或組合物外之此等其他藥物之醫藥組合物為較佳。因此,本發明之醫藥組合物包括彼等除本發明之化合物或組合物外亦含有一或多種其他活性成分或治療劑者。
一或多種另外之治療劑之實例係皮質類固醇、類固醇、免疫抑制劑、免疫球蛋白G促效劑、二肽基肽酶IV抑制劑、淋巴細胞功能抗原-3受體拮抗劑、介白素-2配體、介白素-1 β配體抑制劑、IL-2受體α子單元抑制劑、HGF基因刺激物、IL-6拮抗劑、IL-5拮抗劑、α 1抗胰蛋白酶刺激物、大麻受體拮抗劑、組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑、AKT蛋白激酶抑制劑、CD20抑制劑、Abl酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、JAK酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、TNF α配體抑制劑、血紅蛋白調節劑、TNF拮抗劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、CD3調節劑、Hsp 70家族抑制劑、免疫球蛋白促效劑、CD30拮抗劑、微管蛋白拮抗劑、神經胺醇-1-磷酸鹽受體-1促效劑、結締組織生長因子配體抑制劑、半胱天冬酶抑制劑、促腎上腺皮質素配體、Btk酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、補體C1s子組分抑制劑、紅血球生成素受體促效劑、B-淋巴細胞刺激物配體抑制劑、週期蛋白依賴性激酶-2抑制劑、P-選擇蛋白醣蛋白配體-1刺激物、mTOR抑制劑、延長因子2抑制劑、細胞黏著分子抑制劑、因子XIII促效劑、鈣調磷酸酶抑制劑、免疫球蛋白G1促效劑、肌苷一磷酸去氫酶抑制劑、補體C1s子組分抑制劑、胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶調節劑、細胞毒性T-淋巴細胞蛋白-4調節劑、血管緊張素II受體拮抗劑、血管緊張素II受體調節劑、TNF超家族受體12A拮抗劑、CD52拮抗劑、腺苷去胺酶抑制劑、T細胞分化抗原CD6抑制劑、FGF-7配體、二氫乳清酸鹽去氫酶抑制劑、Syk酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、干擾素I型受體拮抗劑、干擾素α配體抑制劑、巨噬細胞遷移抑制因子抑制劑、整合素α-V/β-6拮抗劑、半胱胺酸蛋白酶刺激物、p38 MAP激酶抑制劑、TP53基因抑制劑、志賀樣毒素I抑制劑、岩藻糖基轉移酶6刺激物、介白素22配體、IRS1基因抑制劑、蛋白激酶C刺激物、蛋白激酶C α抑制劑、CD74拮抗劑、免疫球蛋白γ Fc受體IIB拮抗劑、T細胞抗原CD7抑制劑、CD95拮抗劑、N乙醯基甘露糖胺激酶刺激物、心肌營養素-1配體、白血球彈性蛋白酶抑制劑、CD40配體受體拮抗劑、CD40配體調節劑、IL-17拮抗劑、TLR-2拮抗劑、聚甘露糖結合性凝集素絲胺酸蛋白酶-2 (MASP-2)抑制劑、因子B抑制劑、因子D抑制劑、C3aR調節劑、C5aR2調節劑、T細胞受體拮抗劑、PD-1抑制劑、PD-L1抑制劑、TIGIT抑制劑、TIM-3抑制劑、LAG-3抑制劑、VISTA抑制劑、STING促效劑、IDO抑制劑、腺核苷受體調節劑、CD39抑制劑、CD73抑制劑、趨化介素受體(尤其CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4、CXCR7、CCR1、CCR2、CCR3、CCR4、CCR5、CCR7、CCR7、CCR9、CX3CR1及CXCR6)之拮抗劑,及其組合。
在一些實施例中,本文之治療方法中使用之另外治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:奧匹妥珠單抗、利妥昔單抗、奧瑞珠單抗、環磷醯胺、強的松、氫化可的松、乙酸氫化可的松、乙酸可的松、特戊酸替可的松、潑尼松龍、甲基潑尼松龍、曲安奈德、曲安奈德醇、莫米松、安西奈德、布地奈德、地奈德、氟輕松、乙酸氟輕松、哈西奈德、倍他米松、倍他米松磷酸鈉、地塞米松、地塞米松磷酸鈉、氟考龍、氫化可的松-17-戊酸鹽、鹵米松、二丙酸阿氯米松、倍氯米松、戊酸倍他米松、二丙酸倍他米松、潑尼卡酯、可洛貝他松-17-丁酸鹽、倍氯松-17-丙酸鹽、己酸氟考龍、新戊酸氟考龍、乙酸氟潑啶、氫化可的松-17-丁酸鹽、氫化可的松 -17-醋丙酸酯、氫化可的松-17-丁丙酸酯(buteprate)、環索奈德及潑尼卡酯、GB-0998、伊穆格洛、貝格洛單抗、阿法賽特、阿地白介素、吉伏珠單抗、達利珠單抗、巴厘昔單抗、伊諾莫單抗、培米諾近培拉米德、西魯庫單抗、塔西單抗、克拉紮珠單抗、美泊利單抗、芬戈莫德、帕比司他、曲西立濱、尼洛替尼、伊馬替尼、妥昔替尼、莫莫替尼、培氟替尼、伊塔替尼、英夫利昔單抗、PEG-bHb-CO、依那西普、依沙唑米、硼替佐米、莫羅莫那、奧立昔單抗、古斯佩里烏、貝倫妥單抗維多汀、潘尼莫德、KRP-203、FG-3019、埃姆裡卡桑、促皮質素、伊布魯蒂尼、辛呂澤、可奈司他、甲氧基聚乙二醇-紅血球生成素β、貝利木單抗、布利比莫德、阿塞西普、塞利西利、奈伊珠單抗、依維莫司、西羅莫司、地尼白介素白喉毒素連接物、LMB-2、那他珠單抗、卡曲得考、環孢素、他克莫司、伏環孢素、伏環孢素、卡納單抗、黴酚酸酯、咪唑立賓、CE-1145、TK-DLI、阿巴西普、貝拉西普、奧美沙坦酯、斯帕森坦、TXA-127、BIIB-023、阿侖單抗、噴司他汀、伊托珠單抗、帕利夫明、來氟米特、PRO-140、塞尼利維洛、福斯馬替尼、阿尼弗洛單抗、西伐單抗、BAX-069、BG-00011、洛賽匹莫德、QPI-1002、ShigamAbs、TZ-101、F-652、瑞帕辛、拉達裡辛、PTX-9908、阿加尼森、APH-703、索麴菌素、索麴菌素、米拉珠單抗、SM-101、T-Guard、APG-101、DEX-M74、心肌營養素-1、提普利斯特、ASKP-1240、BMS-986004、HPH-116、KD-025、OPN-305、TOL-101、去纖苷、泊馬度胺、兔抗胸腺細胞免疫球蛋白、拉喹莫德、雷姆斯泰爾-L、馬抗胸腺細胞免疫球蛋白、斯丹標塞、LIV-γ、奧克塔加 10%、t2c-001、99mTc-司他比鍀、Clairyg、普羅索巴、泊馬度胺、拉喹莫德、替普珠單抗、FCRx、茄尼醇、佛魯單抗、ATIR-101、BPX-501、ACP-01、ALLO-ASC-DFU、厄貝沙坦+丙帕鍺、ApoCell、大麻二酚、RGI-2001、乳清酸、抗CD3二價抗體-白喉毒素結合物、NOX-100、LT-1951、OMS721、ALN-CC5、ACH-4471、AMY-101、阿克撒凝膠及CD4+CD25+調節性T細胞、MEDI7814、P32、P59、彭布利單抗、尼沃單抗、阿特珠單抗、阿維魯單抗、德瓦魯單抗、CCX354、CCX721、CCX9588、CCX140、CCX872、CCX598、CCX6239、CCX587、CCX624、CCX282、CCX025、CCX507、CCX430、CCX765、CCX758、CCX771、CCX662、CCX650,及其組合。
治療中之疾病或病症將決定哪些另外之治療劑最適合與本發明之化合物組合投與-此決定可由熟習此項技術者作出。
本發明之化合物相對於第二活性成分之重量比率可變化且將取決於各成分之有效劑量。一般而言,將使用各成分之有效劑量。因此,例如,當本發明之化合物係與NSAID組合時,本發明之化合物相對於NSAID之重量比率將一般在自約1000:1至約1:1000,較佳約200:1至約1:200之範圍內變化。本發明之化合物及其他活性成分之組合將一般亦在前述範圍內,但在各情況下,應使用各活性成分之有效劑量。非醫藥應用
在本發明之另一態樣中,本發明之化合物可用於各種非醫藥活體外及活體內應用中。例如,本發明之化合物可經標記並用作探針用於偵測及定位C5a受體(細胞製劑或組織切片樣本)。本發明之化合物亦可在針對C5a受體活性之分析中用作陽性對照,即,作為用於確定候選藥劑結合至C5a受體之能力之標準,或作為用於正電子發射斷層掃描(PET)成像或用於單光子發射計算機斷層掃描(SPECT)之放射性示蹤劑。此等方法可用以表徵活個體中之C5a受體。例如,C5a受體調節劑可使用各種熟知技術中之任何一者進行標記(例如,用諸如氚之放射性核素進行放射性標記),並用樣本培養合適之培養時間(例如,藉由首先分析結合之時間過程決定)。培養後,將未結合之化合物移除(例如,藉由清洗),及結合之化合物使用適用於採用之標記之任何方法進行偵測(例如,針對經放射性標記之化合物進行放射自顯影或閃爍計數;光譜方法可用以偵測發光基團及螢光基團)。作為對照,含有經標記之化合物及更大(例如,10倍更大)量之未標記化合物之匹配樣本可以相同方式進行處理。測試樣本中比對照中剩餘更大量之可偵測標記指示該樣本中存在C5a受體。偵測分析(包括經培養之細胞或組織樣本中之C5a受體之受體放射自顯影(受體映射))可如由Kuhar在Current Protocols in Pharmacology (1998) John Wiley & Sons, New York之章節8.1.1至8.1.9中之描述進行。
本文提供之化合物亦可用於各種熟知的細胞分離方法中。例如,調節劑可連接至組織培養盤或其他支撐物之內表面以用作親和配體以用於活體外固定化並藉此分離C5a受體(例如,分離受體表現細胞)。在一項較佳應用中,使連接至螢光標誌物(諸如螢光素)之調節劑與細胞接觸,該等細胞然後藉由螢光活化之細胞分選(FACS)進行分析(或分離)。
實例
提供下列實例以闡述,但非限制本發明。
下文使用之試劑及溶劑可獲得自商業來源,諸如Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA)。1
H-NMR譜係記錄於Varian Mercury 400 MHz NMR分光儀上。顯著峰係相對於TMS提供且係以以下順序列表:多重性(s,單重態;d,雙重態;t,三重態;q,四重態;m,多重態)及質子數。將質譜分析結果報告為質量電荷比率,接著各離子之相對豐度(在括號中)。在實例中,單一m/e值係針對含有最常見原子同位素之M+H (或如指示,M-H)離子進行報告。在所有情況中,同位素模式對應於預期公式。電噴射離子化(ESI)質譜法分析係於使用HP1100 HPLC之Hewlett-Packard MSD電噴射質譜儀上針對樣本遞送進行。通常,以0.1 mg/mL將分析物溶解於甲醇中並將1微升與遞送溶劑一起輸液至該質譜儀內,該質譜儀自100至1500道爾頓掃描。所有化合物可以正ESI模式,使用乙腈/水及1%甲酸作為遞送溶劑進行分析。下文提供之化合物亦可以負ESI模式,使用於乙腈/水中之2 mM NH4
OAc作為遞送系統進行分析。
下列縮寫係用於實例及本發明之整個說明書中:
EtOH: 乙醇
EtONa: 乙醇鈉
THF: 四氫呋喃
TLC: 薄層層析術
MeOH: 甲醇
於本發明之範圍內之化合物可如下文描述,使用熟習技工已知的各種反應合成。熟習此項技術者亦將知曉可採用替代方法以合成本發明之目標化合物,及此檔案之正文中描述之方法係非詳盡的,但確實提供受關注之化合物之可廣泛適用且實際之途徑。
本專利中主張之某些分子可以不同對映異構體及非對映異構體形式存在且此等化合物之所有此等變體係經主張。
此內文中用以合成主要化合物之實驗程序之詳細描述導致分子可由識別其等之物理資料及由與其等相關聯之結構描述來描述。
彼等熟習此項技術者亦將知曉在有機化學的標準工作程序期間,經常使用酸及鹼。在本專利中描述之實驗程序期間,若親代化合物之鹽具有必需之固有酸度或鹼度,則有時產生其等。
中間物1之合成:3-(6-氯-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶
注意:重氮形成可能有潛在危險,請小心輕放並穿戴適當之個人防護裝備!
步驟a:在磁力攪拌下向裝有90 mL濃鹽酸之250 mL燒瓶中添加2,6-二乙基苯胺(10.0 g,67.0 mmol)。將所得混合物攪拌30 min並用冰-鹽浴冷卻直至內部溫度達成-5℃。將亞硝酸鈉(5.5 g,80.0 mmol)於水(60 mL)中之溶液緩慢添加至上文混合物同時維持內部溫度低於5℃。
個別地,在機械攪拌下將二水合氯化錫(II) (31.6 g,140.0 mmol)添加至裝有濃鹽酸(60 mL)之500 mL 3頸圓底燒瓶。然後用冰浴冷卻所得溶液。
然後將重氮漿料過濾至含有經冷卻之氯化錫溶液之500 mL燒瓶內並劇烈攪拌。90 min後,將該反應混合物轉移至500 mL錐形瓶及該燒瓶用水(20 mL)及氯仿(8 mL)沖洗。在室溫下將經組合之混合物攪拌整夜。傾析整個液體層以產生濕固體。在真空中將回收之材料乾燥一天及然後轉移至配備頂置式機械攪拌器之500 mL 3頸圓底燒瓶並用醚(180 mL)攪拌。在冰浴中冷卻所得混合物,並將NaOH溶液(10 N,30 mL)緩慢添加至上文混合物同時維持內部溫度低於12℃。添加後,使該混合物在冰上靜置2 h。將醚層傾析至500 mL燒瓶內及使氯化氫氣體流鼓泡至醚溶液內同時攪拌。藉由過濾收集所得沈澱以提供(2,6-二乙基苯基)鹽酸肼。針對C10
H17
N2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:165.1,實測值:165.1。
步驟b:在磁力攪拌下將N,N-二異丙基乙胺(8 mL,46.0 mmol)添加至(2,6-二乙基苯基)鹽酸肼(8 g,39.9 mmol)、3-氰基-4-側氧基哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(5 g,22.3 mmol)及EtOH (60 mL)於250 mL圓底燒瓶中之混合物。在回流下將所得混合物攪拌3 h。添加冰乙酸(12 mL,208 mmol)並在回流下將該混合物再攪拌2 h。在減壓下移除溶劑並將殘餘物溶解於EtOAc中及用NaOH溶液(2 N)、鹽水清洗,並經MgSO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(5至55% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生3-胺基-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,7-二氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯。針對C21
H31
N4
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:371.2,實測值:371.2。
注意:重氮形成可能有潛在危險,請小心輕放並穿戴適當之個人防護裝備!
在磁力攪拌下在室溫下將亞硝酸異戊酯(4 mL,28.6 mmol)緩慢添加至3-胺基-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,7-二氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯(3 g,8.1 mmol)、CuBr (4 g,27.9 mmol)及MeCN (50 mL)於250 mL圓底燒瓶中之混合物。在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌1 h,用EtOAc稀釋,濾過矽藻土,用飽和NH4
Cl溶液清洗,並經MgSO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(2至25% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生3-溴-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,7-二氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯。針對C21
H29
BrN3
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:434.1,實測值:434.2。
步驟c:在磁力攪拌下將碘甲烷(1.5 mL,24 mmol)添加至4-溴-2-氯-6-硝基苯酚(3.2 g,12.7 mmol)及K2
CO3
(3 g,21.7 mmol)於DMF (40 mL)於250 mL圓底燒瓶中之懸浮液。在45℃下將所得混合物攪拌4 h,用EtOAc稀釋,用鹽水清洗,並經MgSO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(2至25% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生5-溴-1-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯。針對C7
H6
BrClNO3
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:265.9,實測值:265.9。
在N2
下將乙烯基溴化鎂於THF (1 M,40 mL,40 mmol)中之溶液快速添加至5-溴-1-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯(3.2 g,12 mmol)於無水THF (40 mL)中之溶液並在-60℃下劇烈攪拌。容許將該反應混合物升溫至-30℃,歷時1.5 h。該反應用飽和NH4
Cl水溶液淬滅並容許將該混合物升溫至室溫,歷時1 h。該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋,用鹽水清洗並經MgSO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(2至20% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-溴-6-氯-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚。針對C9
H8
BrClNO [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:259.9,實測值:259.9。
向4-溴-6-氯-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚(1.2 g,4.6 mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊環) (2.4 g,9.5 mmol)及KOAc (2.3 g,23.4 mmol)於DMSO (10 mL)中之懸浮液添加Pd(dppf)Cl2
複合物及二氯甲烷(600 mg,0.73 mmol)。將該反應混合物脫氣(N2
) 2 min並在120℃下攪拌2 h。該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋,濾過矽藻土,用鹽水清洗並於MgSO4
上乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(5至20% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生6-氯-7-甲氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜環戊硼-2-基)-1H-吲哚。針對C15
H20
BClNO3
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:308.1,實測值:308.1。
向3-溴-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,7-二氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯(600 mg,1.4 mmol)、6-氯-7-甲氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜環戊硼-2-基)-1H-吲哚(550 mg,1.8 mmol)及K2
CO3
(500 mg,3.6 mmol)於對二噁烷(6 mL)及H2
O (1 mL)中之懸浮液添加Pd(dppf)Cl2
複合物及二氯甲烷(300 mg,0.37 mmol)。將該反應混合物脫氣(N2
) 2 min並在N2
下在100℃下攪拌2 h。該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋,濾過矽藻土,用鹽水清洗並於MgSO4
上乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(5至20% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生3-(6-氯-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,7-二氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯。針對C30
H36
ClN4
O3
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:535.2。1,實測值:535.2。
將上文3-(6-氯-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,7-二氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯溶解於二氯甲烷(5 mL)中並裝入於二噁烷中之4 N HCl (5 mL,20 mmol)。在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌2 h。反應完成後,在真空中蒸發溶劑以產生3-(6-氯-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶鹽酸鹽。針對C25
H29
ClN4
O [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:435.2,實測值:435.2。
步驟d:在磁力攪拌下將N,N-二異丙基乙胺(0.2 mL,1.15 mmol)添加至3-(6-氯-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶鹽酸鹽(100 mg,0.21 mmol)、2-氯-5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶(45 mg,0.25 mmol)及Li2
CO3
(20 mg,0.27 mmol)於MeCN (10 mL)中之懸浮液。在75℃下將所得混合物攪拌30 min。冷卻至室溫後,該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋,用鹽水清洗並於MgSO4
上乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由製備型TLC (40% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化,接著在MeOH中研磨以提供3-(6-氯-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.48 (s, 2H), 8.46 (s, 1H), 7.06-7.27 (m, 4H), 6.62 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.42-6.49 (m, 1H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 4.36 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.03 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.10-2.40 (m, 4H), 0.80-1.08 (m, 6H)。針對C30
H29
ClF3
N6
O [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:581.2,實測值:581.2。
中間物2之合成:[4-[2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-[5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基]-6,7-二氫-4H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基]-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基]甲醇
步驟a:在N2
下在-50℃下將於THF (1 M,341 mL,341 mmol)中之乙烯基溴化鎂溶液添加至4-溴-5-氟-2-硝基苯甲酸(15.0 g,56.8 mmol)於無水THF (200 mL)中之溶液。在相同溫度下攪拌該反應混合物並容許升溫至-40℃,歷時1.5 h。該反應混合物係用飽和NH4
Cl水溶液淬滅並容許升溫至室溫,歷時1 h。該反應混合物用1 N HCl水溶液酸化,用EtOAc稀釋,用鹽水清洗並經Na2
SO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑以產生粗殘餘物。
在回流下將上文粗殘餘物在H2
SO4
(25 mL)於MeOH (250 mL)中之混合物中攪拌5 h。然後將其冷卻至室溫並在減壓下濃縮。獲得之殘餘物用EtOAc及鹽水稀釋。分離有機層,用Na2
SO4
乾燥,在減壓下濃縮並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-溴 -5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-羧酸甲酯。針對C10
H8
BrFNO2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:271.9,實測值:271.9。
向4-溴-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-羧酸甲酯(0.900 g,3.3 mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊環) (1.51 g,5.94 mmol)及KOAc (1.62 g,16.5 mmol)於DMSO (19 mL)中之懸浮液添加Pd(dppf)Cl2
複合物及二氯甲烷(400 mg,0.49 mmol)。將該反應混合物脫氣(N2
) 2 min並在115℃下攪拌1.5 h。該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋,濾過矽藻土,用鹽水清洗並於Na2
SO4
上乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至100% CH2
Cl2
/己烷)純化以產生5-氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜環戊硼-2-基)-1H-吲哚-7-羧酸甲酯。針對C16
H20
BFNO4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:320.1,實測值:320.1。
向3-溴-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,7-二氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯(1.00 g,2.31 mmol)、5-氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基 -1,3,2-二氧雜環戊硼-2-基)-1H-吲哚-7-羧酸甲酯(740 mg,2.31 mmol)及K2
CO3
(1.28 g,9.24 mmol)於對二噁烷(14 mL)及水(2.5 mL)中之懸浮液添加Pd(dppf)Cl2
複合物及二氯甲烷(400 mg,0.49 mmol)。將該反應混合物脫氣(N2
) 2 min並在N2
下在100℃下攪拌2.5 h。該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋,用NaHCO3
水溶液清洗並經Na2
SO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至70% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(5-氟-7-甲氧基羰基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-6,7-二氫-4H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5-羧酸第三丁酯。針對C31
H36
FN4
O4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:547.2,實測值:547.2。
步驟b:在0℃下將上文2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(5-氟-7-甲氧基羰基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-6,7-二氫-4H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5-羧酸第三丁酯(1.00 g,1.83 mmol)溶解於THF (35 mL)中並裝入LiAlH4
於醚中之溶液(1 M,2.7 mL)。在0℃下將所得混合物攪拌40 min。然後其用水淬滅,用IPA / CHCl3
(1 : 3)稀釋,用鹽水清洗並經Na2
SO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至90% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-[5-氟-7-(羥甲基)-1H-吲哚-4-基]-6,7-二氫-4H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5-羧酸第三丁酯。針對C30
H36
FN4
O3
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:519.2,實測值:519.2。
將上文2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(5-氟-7-(羥甲基)-1H-吲哚 -4-基]-6,7-二氫-4H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-5-羧酸第三丁酯(650 mg,1.25 mmol)溶解於二氯甲烷(13 mL)中並裝入於二噁烷中之4 N HCl (35 mL,140 mmol)。在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌1.5 h。反應完成後,在真空中蒸發溶劑以產生[4-[2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶 -3-基]-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基]甲醇鹽酸鹽。針對C25
H28
FN4
O [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:419.2,實測值:419.2。
步驟c:將三乙胺(1.50 mL,10.7 mmol)添加至[4-[2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基]-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基]甲醇鹽酸鹽(600 mg,1.32 mmol)及2-氯-5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶(350 mg,1.9 mmol)於MeCN (70 mL)中之懸浮液。在80℃下將所得混合物攪拌30 min。冷卻至室溫後,該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋,用NaHCO3
水溶液清洗並經Na2
SO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至90% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供[4-[2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-[5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基]-6,7-二氫-4H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基]-5-氟-1H-吲哚 -7-基]甲醇。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 9.05 (br s, 1H), 8.47 (br s, 2 H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 6.86 (d, J = 7.26 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 6.37 (t, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (m, 3H), 4.68 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (m, 1H), 4.29 (m, 1H), 3.04 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.38-2.58 (m, 3H), 2.17 (六重峰,J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 1.94 (六重峰,J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 1.21 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.75 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H)。針對C30
H29
F4
N6
O [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:565.2,實測值:565.2。
中間物3之合成:1-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲
步驟a:在磁力攪拌下將吡啶(4.0 mL,49.5 mmol)添加至(2,6-二乙基苯基)鹽酸肼(5.0 g,24.9 mmol)、4-氰基-2,2-二甲基-3-側氧基吡咯啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(5.0 g,21.0 mmol)及EtOH (60 mL)於250 mL圓底燒瓶中之混合物。在70℃下將所得混合物攪拌24 h。在減壓下移除溶劑,且殘餘物用EtOAc稀釋並用檸檬酸水溶液、飽和NaHCO3
水溶液、鹽水清洗,並經MgSO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物自環己烷結晶以產生3-胺基-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯。針對C22
H33
N4
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:385.2,實測值:385.2。
注意:重氮形成可能有潛在危險,請小心輕放並穿戴適當之個人防護裝備!
在磁力攪拌下在室溫下將亞硝酸第三丁酯(0.5 mL,3.8 mmol)緩慢添加至3-胺基-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯(1 g, 2.6 mmol)、二碘甲烷(1.5 mL,18.6 mmol)及MeCN (15 mL)於100 mL圓底燒瓶中之混合物。在45℃下將所得混合物攪拌3 h,然後用甲苯稀釋,用飽和NH4
Cl溶液/NH4
OH (3:1)、鹽水清洗,並經MgSO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(2至25% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯。針對C22
H31
IN3
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:496.1,實測值:496.2。
步驟b:在95℃下在氮下將4-溴-2,5-二氟苯胺(1.5 g,7.2 mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊環) (2.2 g,8.7 mmol)、KOAc(1.8 g,18.3 mmol)及Pd(dppf)Cl2
複合物及二氯甲烷(580 mg,0.7 mmol)於二噁烷(12 mL)中之混合物攪拌2 h。然後將該混合物冷卻至室溫並濾過矽藻土。收集濾液,在減壓下濃縮,並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生2,5-二氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基 -1,3,2-二氧雜環戊硼-2-基)苯胺。針對C12
H17
BF2
NO2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:256.1,實測值:256.2。
向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯(0.7 g,1.4 mmol)、2,5-二氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜環戊硼-2-基)苯胺(0.7 g,2.7 mmol)、K2
CO3
(1.3 g,7.2 mmol)於二噁烷(10 mL)及水(2 mL)中之懸浮液添加Pd(dppf)Cl2
複合物及二氯甲烷(300.0 mg,0.37 mmol)。在N2
下在100℃下將該反應混合物脫氣(N2
) 2 min並攪拌2 h。該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋,濾過矽藻土,用鹽水洗,經MgSO4
乾燥,並過濾。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(2至10% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生3-(4-胺基-2,5-二氟苯基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯。針對C28
H35
F2
N4
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:497.3,實測值:497.5。
步驟c:在室溫將3-(4-胺基-2,5-二氟苯基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯(0.5 g,1.0 mmol)及異氰酸苯甲醯酯(0.5 g,3.4 mmol)於THF (10 mL)中之混合物攪拌3 h。在減壓下濃縮該混合物以獲得3-(4-(3-苯甲醯脲基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑 -5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯。
在室溫將3-(4-(3-苯甲醯脲基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯(~1.0 mmol,來自上文)及K2
CO3
(1.3 g,7.2 mmol)於MeOH (15 mL)中之混合物攪拌2 h,接著在50℃攪拌20 min。該混合物用EtOAc萃取。分離有機層,經MgSO4
乾燥,在減壓下濃縮,並藉由矽膠快速層析術(10至50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(2,5-二氟-4-脲基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯。針對C29
H36
F2
N5
O3
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:540.3,實測值:540.3。
步驟d:將上文2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯溶解於二氯甲烷(10 mL)中並裝入於二噁烷中之4 N HCl (5 mL,20 mmol)。在室溫將所得混合物攪拌12 h。一經完成,則在真空中蒸發溶劑以產生1-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲鹽酸鹽。針對C24
H28
F2
N5
O [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:440.2,實測值:440.3。
步驟e:在磁力攪拌下將N,N-二異丙基乙胺(0.2 mL,1.2 mmol)添加至1-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)脲鹽酸鹽(0.1 g,0.2 mmol)及2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲醛(0.2 g,0.8 mmol)於1,2-二氯乙烷(10 mL)中之懸浮液中。在室溫攪拌10 min後,分批添加NaBH(OAc)3
(0.3 g,1.4 mmol)。在45℃將所得混合物攪拌2 h。冷卻至室溫後,該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋,用NaHCO3
水溶液、鹽水洗,並於MgSO4
上乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑,且殘餘物係藉由製備型TLC (50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化,接著藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生1-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基) -2,5-二氟苯基)脲。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.18 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.88-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.31 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 6.79-6.85 (br, 1H), 6.40 (dd, J = 6.5, 12.1 Hz, 1H), 4.79 (s, 2H), 4.13 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 2.20-2.34 (m, 4H), 1.51 (s, 6H), 1.06 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 6H)。針對C33
H32
F8
N5
O [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:666.2,實測值:666.2。
中間物4之合成:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚
步驟a:將上文2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,6-二氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-5(4H)-羧酸第三丁酯溶解於二氯甲烷(10 mL)中並裝入於二噁烷中之4 N HCl (5 mL,20 mmol)。在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌12 h。一經完成,則在真空中蒸發溶劑以產生2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘 -6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑鹽酸鹽。針對C17
H23
IN3
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:396.1,實測值:396.2。
在磁力攪拌下將N,N-二異丙基乙胺(0.3 mL,1.73 mmol)添加至2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑鹽酸鹽(680 mg,1.57 mmol)及2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲醛(800 mg,3.3 mmol)於1,2-二氯乙烷(10 mL)中之懸浮液。在室溫下攪拌10 min後,分批添加NaBH(OAc)3
(800 mg,3.77 mmol)。在45℃下將所得混合物攪拌2 h。冷卻至室溫後,該反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋,用NaHCO3
水溶液、鹽水清洗並經MgSO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(2至25% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-碘-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑。針對C26
H27
F6
IN3
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:622.1,實測值:622.1。
步驟b:向4-溴-7-氟-1H-吲哚(1.00 g,4.67 mmol)、雙(頻哪醇基)二硼(1.31 g,5.14 mmol)及KOAc (1.15 g,11.7 mmol)於二噁烷(15 mL)中之懸浮液添加Pd(dppf)Cl2
複合物及二氯甲烷(416 mg,0.51 mmol)。用N2
將該反應混合物脫氣2 min並在100℃下攪拌2 h。將該反應混合物冷卻至室溫,用EtOAc稀釋,並濾過矽藻土。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至30% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生7-氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜環戊硼-2-基)-1H-吲哚。針對C14
H18
BFNO2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:262.1,實測值:262.1。
在100℃下在N2
下將5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-3-碘-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑(200 mg,0.32 mmol)、7-氟-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜環戊硼-2-基)-1H-吲哚(150 mg,0.57 mmol)、K2
CO3
(276 mg,2.0 mmol)及Pd(dppf)Cl2
複合物及二氯甲烷(60 mg,0.07 mmol)於二噁烷(6 mL)及水(1 mL)中之混合物攪拌5 h。將該混合物冷卻至室溫,用EtOAc稀釋,並濾過矽藻土塞。收集濾液,在真空中濃縮且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.61 (m, 1H), 6.47 (m, 2H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 2.37 (m, 2H), 2.22 (m, 2H), 1.56 (s, 6H), 1.00 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 6H)。針對C34
H32
F7
N4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:629.2,實測值:629.2。實例 1 :
4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(膦醯氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:在0℃下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚(240 mg,0.35 mmol)於DMF中之攪拌溶液添加NaH (60%,60 mg,1.5 mmol)。在0℃下將該混合物攪拌10 min,接著在0℃下添加氯甲酸二苯甲氧基磷醯氧基甲酯(263 mg,0.71 mmol)。攪拌所得混合物並容許升溫至室溫,歷時30 min。反應完成後,該反應用水淬滅,用EtOAc萃取,經Mg2
SO4
乾燥並在真空中濃縮。粗產物係藉由矽膠層析術(10至50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲酯。針對C50
H47
F7
N4
O6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:963.3,實測值:963.3。
步驟b:向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲酯(79 mg,0.08 mmol)於乙酸乙酯(40 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (100 mg),並在45 psi下氫化20 min。使該反應混合物濾過矽藻土,用1:1 EtOAc/MeOH (15 mL)沖洗,並濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(膦醯氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, d6
-DMSO) δ 8.13 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (dd, J = 8.6, 12.1 Hz, 1H), 6.56-6.66 (m, 2H), 5.70 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 2H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.35 (br, 2H), 2.14-2.22 (m, 4H), 1.47 (s, 6H), 0.90 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 6H)。針對C36
H35
F7
N4
O6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:783.2,實測值:783.2。
實例2:(S)-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)-L-半胱胺酸之合成
步驟a:在0℃下向3,3'-二硫烷二基(2R,2'R)-雙(2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)丙酸二第三丁酯)(830 mg,1.5 mmol)於二氯乙烷(6 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加亞硫醯氯(0.14 mL,1.9 mmol)。在0℃下將該混合物攪拌15 min以形成N-(第三丁氧基羰基)-S-氯-L-半胱胺酸第三丁酯,其可直接用於下一步驟中。
在N2
下在-45℃下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚(240 mg,0.35 mmol)於THF (10 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加於THF (0.8 mL,0.8 mmol)中之1 M LiHMDS溶液。在-45℃下攪拌15 min後,添加上文形成之N-(第三丁氧基羰基)-S-氯-L-半胱胺酸第三丁酯(~1.5 mmol)。攪拌所得混合物並容許升溫至室溫,歷時30 min。完成後,該反應用水淬滅,用EtOAc萃取,經MgSO4
乾燥並在真空中濃縮。粗產物係藉由矽膠層析術(10至50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(S)-(4-(5-(2,4-(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑 -3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)-N-(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-半胱胺酸第三丁酯。針對C46
H53
F7
N5
O4
S [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:904.4,實測值:904.5。
步驟b:向(S)-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)-N-(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-半胱胺酸第三丁酯(220 mg,0.24 mmol)於二氯甲烷(6 mL)中之溶液添加於二噁烷中之4 N HCl (5 mL,20 mmol)。在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌整夜。完成後,在真空中濃縮該混合物。殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生(S)-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)-L-半胱胺酸。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.24 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.98-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.63-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.37 (m, 2H), 6.97-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.63-6.68 (m, 1H), 6.43-6.47 (m, 1H), 4.71-4.86 (m, 5H), 4.07-4.27 (m, 3H), 3.14-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.26 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.94 (m, 6H), 1.25-1.42 (m, 3H), 0.77-0.84 (m, 3H)。針對C37
H37
F7
N5
O2
S [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:748.3,實測值:748.2。
實例3:(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)膦酸之合成
步驟a:在N2
下在-70℃下向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(230 mg,0.4 mmol)於THF (10 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加於THF (0.6 mL,0.6 mmol)中之1 M LiHMDS溶液。在-70℃下攪拌15 min後,添加磷醯基氯酸二乙酯(0.1 mL,0.8 mmol)。容許將所得混合物升溫至室溫,歷時1 h。完成後,該混合物用水淬滅,用EtOAc萃取,用飽和NaHCO3
水溶液清洗,經MgSO4
乾燥並在真空中濃縮。粗產物係藉由矽膠層析術(5至25% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟 -7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)膦酸二乙酯。針對C34
H38
F4
N6
O4
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:701.3,實測值:701.3。
步驟b:在0℃下向(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基 -1H-吲哚-1-基)膦酸二乙酯(75 mg,0.11 mmol)於二氯甲烷(6 mL)中之溶液添加TMSBr (0.2 mL,1.5 mmol)。容許將所得混合物升溫至室溫,歷時1 h,及然後在40℃下攪拌整夜。完成後,在真空中濃縮該反應混合物。殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)膦酸。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.58 (s, 2H), 7.68 (dd, J = 2.5, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (br, 2H), 6.49-6.57 (m, 2H), 4.82-4.90 (m, 4H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 2.98 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.05-2.42 (m, 4H), 0.78-1.25 (m, 6H)。針對C30
H30
F4
N6
O4
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:645.2,實測值:645.4。
實例4:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(膦醯氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:在0℃下向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基 -1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(570 mg,1.0 mmol)於DMF中之攪拌溶液添加NaH (60%,60 mg,1.5 mmol)。在0℃下將該混合物攪拌10 min,接著添加氯甲酸二苯甲氧基磷醯氧基甲酯(526 mg,1.42 mmol)。攪拌所得混合物並容許升溫至室溫,歷時30 min。完成後,該混合物用水淬滅,用EtOAc萃取,經MgSO4
乾燥並在真空中濃縮。粗產物係藉由矽膠層析術(10至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲酯。針對C46
H44
F4
N6
O7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:899.3,實測值:899.3。
步驟b:向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲酯(120 mg,0.13 mmol)於乙酸乙酯(45 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (200 mg),並在50 psi下氫化20 min。使該反應混合物濾過矽藻土,用1:1 EtOAc/MeOH (15 mL)沖洗,濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(膦醯氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.58 (s, 2H), 7.87 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (br s, 2H), 6.59-6.64 (m, 2H), 5.87 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 2H), 4.74-4.86 (m, 4H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.98 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.05-2.42 (m, 4H), 0.76-1.28 (m, 6H)。針對C32
H32
F4
N6
O7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:719.2,實測值:719.2。
實例5:(E)-4-(((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羰基)氧基)甲氧基)-4-側氧基丁-2-烯酸之合成
步驟a:在-78℃下向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(280 mg,0.5 mmol)於THF (10 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加於THF (0.8 mL,0.8 mmol)中之1 M LiHMDS溶液。在-78℃下將該混合物攪拌15 min,接著添加氯甲酸氯甲酯(80 μL, 0.9 mmol)。攪拌所得混合物並容許升溫至室溫,歷時30 min。完成後,該混合物用飽和NH4
Cl水溶液淬滅,用EtOAc萃取,經Mg2
SO4
乾燥並在真空中濃縮以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸氯甲酯,其可直接用於下一步驟中。針對C32
H30
ClF4
N6
O3
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:657.2,實測值:657.2。
步驟a:在室溫下將NaI (350 mg,2.33 mmol)添加至4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸氯甲酯(300 mg,0.46 mmol)於丙酮(10 mL)中之攪拌溶液。在45℃下將所得混合物攪拌整夜。完成後,該混合物用鹽水淬滅,用EtOAc萃取,於MgSO4
上乾燥並在真空中濃縮。粗產物係藉由矽膠層析術(5至25% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯。針對C32
H30
F4
IN6
O3
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:749.1,實測值:749.2。
步驟c:在0℃下向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(50 mg,0.07 mmol)於THF (5 mL)中之溶液添加於DMF (1 mL)中之富馬酸四丁基銨鹽(25 mg,0.07 mmol)。容許將所得混合物升溫至室溫,歷時1 h。完成後,在真空中濃縮該混合物。殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生(E)-4-(((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羰基)氧基)甲氧基)-4-側氧基丁-2-烯酸。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.58 (s, 2H), 7.87 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (br s, 2H), 6.59-6.64 (m, 2H), 5.87 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 2H), 4.74-4.86 (m, 4H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.98 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.05-2.42 (m, 4H), 0.76-1.28 (m, 6H)。針對C36
H33
F4
N6
O7
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:737.2,實測值:737.2。
實例6:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((二甲基甘胺醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
在0℃下向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(40 mg,0.06 mmol)於MeCN (5 mL)中之溶液添加於DMF (1 mL)中之二甲基甘胺酸四丁基銨(20 mg,0.06 mmol)。容許將所得混合物升溫至室溫,歷時1 h。完成後,該混合物用1 N HCl (0.1 mL,0.1 mmol)淬滅並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生呈TFA鹽之4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((二甲基甘胺醯基)氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.59 (s, 2H), 7.92 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (br s, 2H), 6.63-6.74 (m, 2H), 5.83 (s, 2H), 4.81-4.88 (br s, 1H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.45 (s, 5H), 2.95-3.03 (m, 5H), 2.05-2.42 (m, 4H), 0.76-1.28 (m, 6H)。針對C36
H38
F4
N7
O5
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:724.2,實測值:724.2。
實例7:((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)磷醯胺酸之合成
步驟a:在-50℃下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯胺(100 mg,0.16 mmol)於THF (6 mL)中之溶液添加磷異氰酸酯二氯化物(0.04 mL,0.41 mmol)。容許將該混合物升溫至室溫,歷時1 h及然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物用己烷研磨以產生((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)二氯化磷醯胺,其可直接用於下一步驟中。
步驟b:在室溫下向上文((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基) -2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基) -2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)二氯化磷醯胺(~0.16 mmol)於THF (6 mL)中之溶液添加水(3 mL)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌2 h,接著添加1 N NaOH (0.5 mL,0.5 mmol)。將該混合物再攪拌2 h。完成後,該混合物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑 -3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)磷醯胺酸。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 9.60 (br, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.92-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (dd, J = 6.7, 11.9 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (s, 2H), 3.64 (s, 2H), 3,24-3.48 (br, 2H), 2.16 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 4H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 0.95 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 6H)。針對C33
H33
F8
N5
O4
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:746.2,實測值:746.2。
實例8:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((3,3-二甲基-5-(膦醯氧基)戊醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:向含有於THF (140 mL)中之4,4-二甲基二氫-2H-哌喃-2,6(3H)-二酮(5 g,35 mmol)之燒瓶滴加LiAlH4
於THF中之1 M溶液(35 mL,35 mmol)。在75℃下將該混合物加熱2 h。一經完成,則該反應用H2
O淬滅並過濾該混合物。濃縮濾液以提供3,3-二甲基戊烷-1,5-二醇。
向3,3-二甲基戊烷-1,5-二醇(1 g,7.6 mmol)於THF (15.6 mL)中之溶液滴加tBuOK之1 M溶液(8.3 mL,8.3 mmol),接著滴加二磷酸四苯甲酯(4.2 g,7.8 mmol)。在70℃下加熱16 h後,濃縮該混合物並藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(5-羥基-3,3-二甲基戊基)磷酸二苯甲酯。針對C21
H29
O5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:393.2,實測值:393.1。
向(5-羥基-3,3-二甲基戊基)磷酸二苯甲酯(400 mg,1 mmol)於DMF (10 mL)中之溶液添加重鉻酸吡啶鎓(2.3 g,6 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌2 h,然後濃縮並藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化。將經純化之殘餘物溶解於tBuOH及H2
O之10 mL 1:1溶液中。向該溶液添加NaH2
PO4
(0.61 g,5 mmol),接著添加亞氯酸鈉(0.46 g,5 mmol)及2-甲基-2-丁烯之2 M溶液(5 mL,10 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16 h。一經完成,則在真空中濃縮該混合物且粗殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供5-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-3,3-二甲基戊酸。針對C21
H27
O6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:407.2,實測值:407.1。
向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(70 mg,0.09 mmol)於0.2 mL DMF中之溶液添加5-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-3,3-二甲基戊酸(54 mg,0.13 mmol),接著添加Et3
N (0.02 mL,0.14 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌2 h,然後在真空中濃縮。所得殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫 -2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(((5-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-3,3-二甲基戊醯基)氧基)甲酯。
步驟b:向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(((5-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-3,3-二甲基戊醯基)氧基)甲酯(50 mg,0.05 mmol)於MeOH (1mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (6 mg,0.005 mmol)。在H2
氣球下將該混合物攪拌1 h,然後濾過矽藻土,濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((3,3-二甲基-5-(膦醯氧基)戊醯基)氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.54 (s, 2H), 7.63 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.59 (d, J = 12.1 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.60 (br s, 2H), 4.76 (bs, 2H), 4.38 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.03 (dd, J = 14.1, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 3.10 (t, J = 3.1 Hz, 2H), 2.35 (s, 2H), 2.20 (br s, 4H), 1.74 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.05 (br s, 12H)。針對C39
H43
FN6
O9
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:847.3,實測值:847.2。
實例9:N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基]胺甲酸(3-氟-4-膦醯氧基苯基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:向3-氟-4-羥基苯甲醛(5 g,35.7 mmol)於二氯甲烷(36 mL)中之溶液添加Et3
N (7.5 mL,53.8 mmol),接著添加氯磷酸二乙酯(5.7 mL,39.4 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌3 h,然後用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。所得殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術純化以提供(2-氟-4-甲醯基苯基)磷酸二乙酯。針對C11
H14
FO5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:277.1,實測值:277.0。
在-78℃下向(2-氟-4-甲醯基苯基)磷酸二乙酯(8.99 g,32.5 mmol)於THF (32.5 mL)中之溶液添加NaBH4
(3.6 g,97.3 mmol)。在-78℃下攪拌1 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(85至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(2-氟-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸二乙酯。針對C11
H16
FO5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:279.1,實測值:279.0。
在0℃下向(2-氟-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸二乙酯(1 g,3.6 mmol)於THF (8.7 mL)中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(0.76 mL,4.4 mmol)及三光氣(0.53 g,1.8 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌1 h後,添加NH4
OH (1.6 mL,41 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16 h,然後在真空中濃縮且殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)-3-氟胺甲酸苯甲酯。針對C12
H17
FNO6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:322.1,實測值:322.0。
在0℃下向4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)-3-氟胺甲酸苯甲酯(155 mg,0.48 mmol)於二氯甲烷(4.8 mL)中之溶液添加草醯氯(0.06 mL,0.71 mmol)。在40℃下將該混合物加熱16 h,然後在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物溶解於THF (2 mL)中並添加至4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯胺(100 mg,0.16 mmol)於THF (2 mL)中之溶液。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌5 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-二乙氧基磷醯氧基-3-氟苯基)甲酯。C45
H45
F9
N5
O7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:針對970.3,實測值:970.0。
步驟b:向N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-二乙氧基磷醯氧基-3-氟苯基)甲酯(77 mg,0.08 mmol)於二氯甲烷(1 mL)中之溶液滴加TMSBr (0.13 mL,0.10 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係於HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)上純化以產生N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基) -2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(3-氟-4-膦醯氧基苯基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.22 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.08-8.15 (m, 2H), 7.46 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J = 8.2, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (dd, J = 6.5, 11.5 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 4.77 (s, 2H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 2H), 2.24 (q, J = 7.7 Hz, 4H), 1.89 (s, 6H), 1.05 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 6H)。針對C41
H37
F9
N5
O7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:914.2,實測值:914.1。
實例10:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸3-硝基 -4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲酯之合成
步驟a:向4-羥基-3-硝基苯甲醛(1 g,6.0 mmol)於二氯甲烷(6 mL)中之溶液添加Et3
N (1.25 mL,9.0 mmol)及氯磷酸二乙酯(0.95 mL,6.6 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16 h,然後用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(4-甲醯基-2-硝基苯基)磷酸二乙酯。針對C11
H14
NO7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:304.1,實測值:304.0。
在-78℃下向(4-甲醯基-2-硝基苯基)磷酸二乙酯(1.36 g,4.5 mmol)於THF (4.5 mL)中之溶液添加NaBH4
(500 mg,13.5 mmol)。在-78℃下攪拌1 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。所得殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(4-(羥甲基)-2-硝基苯基)磷酸二乙酯。針對C11
H16
NO7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:306.1,實測值:306.0。
在0℃下向(4-(羥甲基)-2-硝基苯基)磷酸二乙酯(100 mg,0.33 mmol)於THF (1.6 mL)中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(0.07 mL,0.40 mmol)及三光氣(50 mg,0.17 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌1 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮以提供粗氯甲酸酯中間物。
在0℃下向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚 -4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(93 mg,0.16 mmol)於THF (1 mL)中之溶液添加NaH (13 mg,0.32 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌30 min後,將粗氯甲酸酯(上文製得)於THF (0.5 mL)中之溶液添加至該混合物。在室溫下將該溶液攪拌16 h。該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)-3-硝基苯甲酯。
步驟b:向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)-3-硝基苯甲酯(128 mg,0.14 mmol)於二氯甲烷(1.4 mL)中之溶液滴加TMSBr (0.11 mL,0.86 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌5 h後,將另外量之TMSBr (0.11 mL,0.86 mmol)添加至該混合物。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16 h,在真空中濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸3-硝基-4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 8.68 (s, 2H), 8.12 (dd, J = 0.9, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (dd, J = 2.2, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (dd, J = 1.1, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (br s, 2H), 6.62 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (s, 2H), 4.76 (s, 2H), 4.30 (br s, 2H), 3.83 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 3H), 2.91 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.16 (br s, 4H), 2.04 (s, 2H), 0.91 (br s, 6H)。針對C38
H34
FN7
O9
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:840.2,實測值:840.0。
實例11:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸3-氟-4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲酯之合成
步驟a:向3-氟-4-羥基苯甲醛(1 g,7.1 mmol)於THF (32 mL)中之溶液添加tBuOK於THF中之1 M溶液(7.6 mL,7.6 mmol)。將該混合物加熱至70℃並添加磷酸四苯甲酯(4.0 g,7.4 mmol)。在70℃下1 h後,將己烷添加至該混合物並過濾內容物。在真空中濃縮濾液且所得殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(2-氟 -4-甲醯基苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯。針對C21
H18
FO5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:401.1,實測值:401.1。
在-78℃下向(2-氟-4-甲醯基苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯(2.68 g,6.7 mmol)於THF (6.7 mL)中之溶液添加NaBH4
(0.76 g,20.5 mmol)。在-78℃下攪拌1 h後,該混合物用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。經組合之有機層用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。所得殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(2-氟-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯。針對C21
H20
FO5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:403.1,實測值:403.0。
在0℃下向(2-氟-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯(200 mg,0.50 mmol)於THF (2.4 mL)中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(0.1 mL,0.57 mmol)及三光氣(72 mg,0.24 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌1 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮以提供粗氯甲酸酯中間物。
在0℃下向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(70 mg,0.12 mmol)於THF (1.2 mL)中之溶液添加NaH (10 mg,0.24 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌30 min後,將粗氯甲酸酯(上文製得)於THF (1.2 mL)中之溶液添加至該混合物。在0℃下將該溶液攪拌1 h,然後用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-3-氟苯甲酯。
步驟b:向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-3-氟苯甲酯(100 mg,0.10 mmol)於MeOH (1 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (10 mg,0.01 mmol)。在H2
氣球下將該混合物攪拌1 h,然後濾過矽藻土,濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶 -2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚 -1-羧酸3-氟-4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 8.68 (s, 2H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.11 (br s, 2H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.54 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 5.40 (s, 2H), 4.76 (s, 2H), 4.30 (s, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.90 (bs, 2H), 2.16 (br s, 4H), 2.04 (br s, 2H), 0.90 (br s, 6H)。針對C38
H34
F5
N6
O7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:813.2,實測值:813.2。
實例12:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(2-(4-(膦醯氧基)苯基)乙醯氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:向含有於THF (11 mL)中之2-(4-羥基苯基)乙酸乙酯(1 g,5.6 mmol)之燒瓶滴加tBuOK於THF之1 M溶液(5.9 mL,5.9 mmol)及二磷酸四苯甲酯(3 g,5.6 mmol)。在70℃下將該混合物加熱2 h。添加另外量之1.0 M tBuOK (1.2 mL,1.2 mmol)及二磷酸四苯甲酯(0.6 g,1.1 mmol)。將該混合物再加熱3 h。一經完成,則添加己烷並過濾內容物。濃縮濾液且殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供2-(4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)苯基)乙酸乙酯。針對C24
H25
O6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:441.1,實測值:441.1。
向2-(4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)苯基)乙酸乙酯(1.54 g,3.5 mmol)於THF (9 mL)中之溶液滴加LiOH (0.32 g,7.6 mmol)於H2
O (9 mL)中之溶液。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌1 h。該反應用1 N HCl淬滅。水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生2-(4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)苯基)乙酸。針對C22
H21
O6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:413.1,實測值:413.1。
向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(100 mg,13 mmol)於DMF (0.5 mL)中之溶液添加2-(4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)苯基)乙酸(82 mg,20 mmol)及三乙胺(0.03 mL,0.20 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16 h,然後濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(2-(4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)苯基)乙醯氧基)甲酯。
步驟b:向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(2-(4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)苯基)乙醯氧基)甲酯(66 mg,0.06 mmol)於MeOH (1 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (7 mg,0.006 mmol)。在H2
氣球下將該混合物攪拌1 h,然後濾過矽藻土,濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(2-(4-(膦醯氧基)苯基)乙醯氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.47 (s, 2H), 7.38 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.01-7.06 (m, 4H), 6.57 (d, J = 12.1 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.97 (s, 2H), 5.02 (br s, 2H), 4.77 (s, 2H), 4.36 (br s, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.07 (br s, 2H), 2.05-2.35 (m, 4H), 0.99 (br s, 6H)。針對C40
H37
F4
N6
O9
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:853.2,實測值:853.0。
實例13:N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-膦醯氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:向4-羥基-3-(三氟甲基)苯甲醛(1 g,0.53 mmol)於二氯甲烷(10 mL)中之溶液添加三乙胺(1.1 mL,0.79 mmol),接著添加氯磷酸二乙酯(0.84 mL,0.58 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌1 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(4-甲醯基-2-(三氟甲基)苯基)磷酸二乙酯。針對C12
H14
F3
O5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:327.1,實測值:327.0。
在-78℃下向(4-甲醯基-2-(三氟甲基)苯基)磷酸二乙酯(1.43 g,4.4 mmol)於THF (4.5 mL)中之溶液添加NaBH4
(0.49 g,13.2 mmol)。將該反應混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌16 h。一經完成,則該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(85至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(4-(羥甲基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基)磷酸二乙酯。C12
H16
F3
O5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:針對329.1,實測值:329.1。
在0℃下向(4-(羥甲基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基)磷酸二乙酯(0.6 g,1.8 mmol)於THF (4.4 mL)中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(0.39 mL,2.2 mmol)及三光氣(0.27 mL,0.9 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌1 h後,添加NH4
OH (0.8 mL,21 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌1 h,然後在真空中濃縮且殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)-3-(三氟甲基)胺甲酸苯甲酯。針對C13
H17
F3
NO6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:372.1,實測值:372.0。
在0℃下向4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)-3-(三氟甲基)胺甲酸苯甲酯(240 mg,0.65 mmol)於二氯甲烷(2 mL)中之溶液添加草醯氯(0.09 mL,1.0 mmol)。在40℃下將該混合物加熱16 h,然後在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物溶解於2 mL THF中並添加至4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯胺(200 mg,0.32 mmol)於THF (4 mL)中之溶液。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌5 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-二乙氧基磷醯氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基)甲酯。
步驟b:向N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-二乙氧基磷醯氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基)甲酯(176 mg,0.17 mmol)於二氯甲烷(1.7 mL)中之溶液滴加TMSBr (0.29 mL,2 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係於HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)上純化以產生N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-膦醯氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ: 10.80 (s, 1H), 10.11 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.90-8.15 (m, 3H), 7.73 (bs, 1H), 7.63-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.24 (m, 2H), 6.49-6.58 (m, 1H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 4.13 (s, 2H), 3.65 (s, 2H), 2.07-2.23 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.40 (m, 6H), 0.88-1.03 (m, 6H)。針對C42
H37
F11
N5
O7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:964.2,實測值:964.0。
實例14:N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(3-硝基-4-膦醯氧基苯基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:向4-羥基-3-硝基苯甲醛(1 g,6.0 mmol)於二氯甲烷(6 mL)中之溶液添加Et3
N (1.25 mL,9.0 mmol)及氯磷酸二乙酯(0.95 mL,6.6 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16 h,然後用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(4-甲醯基-2-硝基苯基)磷酸二乙酯。針對C11
H14
NO7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:304.1,實測值:304.0。
在-78℃下向(4-甲醯基-2-硝基苯基)磷酸二乙酯(1.36 g,4.5 mmol)於THF (4.5 mL)中之溶液添加NaBH4
(500 mg,13.5 mmol)。在-78℃下攪拌1 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(4-(羥甲基)-2-硝基苯基)磷酸二乙酯。針對C11
H16
NO7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:306.1,實測值:306.1。
在0℃下向(4-(羥甲基)-2-硝基苯基)磷酸二乙酯(200 mg,0.66 mmol)於THF (1.6 mL)中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(0.14 mL,0.80 mmol)及三光氣(100 mg,0.34 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌1 h後,添加NH4
OH (0.32 mL,8.2 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌1 h,然後在真空中濃縮且殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)-3-硝基胺甲酸苯甲酯。針對C12
H17
N2
O8
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:349.1,實測值:349.0。
在0℃下向4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)-3-(三氟甲基)胺甲酸苯甲酯(0.4 g,1.2 mmol)於二氯甲烷(11.5 mL)中之溶液添加草醯氯(0.15 mL,1.8 mmol)。在40℃下將該混合物加熱16 h,然後在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物溶解於THF (1 mL)中並添加至4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯胺(200 mg,0.32 mmol)於THF (5 mL)中之溶液。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌3 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-二乙氧基磷醯氧基-3-硝基苯基)甲酯。
步驟b:向N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-二乙氧基磷醯氧基-3-硝基苯基)甲酯(100 mg,0.10 mmol)於二氯甲烷(1 mL)中之溶液滴加TMSBr (0.09 mL,0.6 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌3 h後,將另外量之TMSBr (0.09 mL,0.6 mmol)添加至該混合物。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16 h,在真空中濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基) -2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(3-硝基-4-膦醯氧基苯基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ: 8.25 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (s, 2H), 8.01-8.12 (m, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 2H), 7.46 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.38 (dd, J = 7.6, 11.2 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 2.25 (q, J = 7.7 Hz, 4H), 1.92 (s, 6H), 1.05 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 6H)。C41
H37
F8
N6
O9
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:針對941.2,實測值:941.1。
實例15:2-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羰基)-5-氟磷酸二氫苯甲酯之合成
步驟a:在110℃下加熱含有5-氟異苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮(50 mg,0.33 mmol)、硼酸(2 mg,0.03 mmol)及三乙基苯甲基氯化銨(6 mg,0.03 mmol)之小瓶。向該混合物添加亞硫醯氯(0.05 mL,0.69 mmol)。在110℃下攪拌16 h後,濃縮內容物以產生2-(氯甲基)-4-氟苯甲醯氯。
在-78℃下向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(46 mg,0.08 mmol)於THF (0.5 mL)中之溶液添加LHMDS於THF中之1 M溶液(0.12 mL,0.12 mmol)。在-78℃下將該混合物攪拌30 min,升溫至0℃並攪拌15 min,然後冷卻回至-78℃。將2-(氯甲基)-4-氟苯甲醯氯(0.33 mmol)於THF (0.5 mL)中之溶液滴加至該混合物。在室溫下攪拌16 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離水層及有機層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(2-(氯甲基)-4-氟苯基)(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)甲酮。針對C38
H32
ClF5
N6
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:735.2,實測值:735.1。
步驟b:向(2-(氯甲基)-4-氟苯基)(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)甲酮(48 mg,0.065 mmol)於丙酮(1 mL)中之溶液添加碘化鈉(32 mg,0.21 mmol)。在70℃下將該混合物加熱1 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)(4-氟-2-(碘甲基)苯基)甲酮。針對C38
H32
F5
IN6
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:827.2,實測值:827.0。
步驟c:向(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)(4-氟-2-(碘甲基)苯基)甲酮(26 mg,0.031 mmol)於甲苯( 1 mL)中之溶液添加二苯甲基磷酸銀(24 mg,0.062 mmol)。在110℃下將該混合物加熱16 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(2-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羰基)-5-氟苯甲基)磷酸二苯甲酯。
步驟d:向(2-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚 -1-羰基)-5-氟苯甲基)磷酸二苯甲酯(17 mg,0.017 mmol)於MeOH (1 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (2 mg)。在H2
氣球下將該混合物攪拌1 h,然後濾過矽藻土,濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生2-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫 -2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羰基)-5-氟磷酸二氫苯甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.58 (s, 2H), 7.60 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (br s, 2H), 7.33 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.24 (m, 3H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.59 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 1H), 5.35 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 4.38 (s, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.98 (s, 2H), 2.25 (br s, 4H), 1.02 (br s, 6H)。針對C38
H34
F5
N6
O6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:797.2,實測值:797.1。
實例16:2-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羰基)二甲基甘胺酸苯甲酯之合成
步驟a:在-78℃下向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(500 mg,0.9 mmol)於THF (8.8 mL)中之溶液添加LHMDS於THF中之1 M溶液(0.98 mL,0.98 mmol)。在-78℃下攪拌30 min後,將2-(氯甲基)苯甲醯氯(0.25 mL,1.78 mmol)添加至該混合物。在室溫下攪拌16 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離水層及有機層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(2-(氯甲基)苯基)(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶 -3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)甲酮。針對C38
H33
ClF4
N6
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:717.2,實測值:717.0。
步驟b:向(2-(氯甲基)苯基)(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)甲酮(156 mg,0.22 mmol)於丙酮(2.2 mL)中之溶液添加碘化鈉(129 mg,0.9 mmol)。在70℃下加熱1 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離水層及有機層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)(2-(碘甲基)苯基)甲酮。
步驟c:在0℃下向(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基 -1H-吲哚-1-基)(2-(碘甲基)苯基)甲酮(76 mg,0.094 mmol)於DMF (1 mL)中之溶液添加Cs2
CO3
(31 mg,0.1 mmol)及二甲基甘胺酸(10 mg,0.1 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌16 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離水層及有機層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以提供2-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羰基)二甲基甘胺酸苯甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.54 (s, 2H), 7.65-7.81 (m, 4H), 7.31 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (br s, 2H), 6.64 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.76 (s, 2H), 4.37 (s, 2H), 4.14 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 6H), 3.09 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (br s, 4H), 1.04 (br s, 6H)。針對C42
H41
F4
N7
O4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:784.3,實測值:784.2。
實例17:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸3-氯-4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲酯之合成
步驟a:向含有3-氯-4-羥基苯甲酸(5 g,29 mmol)於MeOH (100 mL)之燒瓶滴加亞硫醯氯(7.4 mL,102 mmol)。在60℃下將該混合物加熱1 h,然後在真空中濃縮。將粗殘餘物溶解於THF (100 mL)中。向該溶液添加LiAlH4
(4.4 g,110 mmol)。在65℃下加熱1 h後,該反應用1 N HCl淬滅。分離水層及有機層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供2-氯-4-(羥甲基)苯酚。
向2-氯-4-(羥甲基)苯酚(2 g,12.7 mmol)於二噁烷(25 mL)中之溶液添加DDQ (2.87 g,12.7 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌4 h,然後過濾。濾液用H2
O清洗,然後用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生3-氯-4-羥基苯甲醛。針對C7
H5
ClO2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:157.0,實測值:157.0。
向含有於THF (14.6 mL)中之3-氯-4-羥基苯甲醛(1.4 g,9.0 mmol)之燒瓶滴加tBuOK於THF中之1.0 M溶液(9.5 mL,9.5 mmol)及二磷酸四苯甲酯(4.8 g,8.9 mmol)。在70℃下將該混合物加熱2 h。一經完成,則添加己烷並過濾內容物。濃縮濾液且所得殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(2-氯-4-甲醯基苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯。針對C21
H18
ClO5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:417.1,實測值:417.0。
在-78℃下向(2-氯-4-甲醯基苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯(2.75 g,6.6 mmol)於THF (6.6 mL)中之溶液添加NaBH4
(0.73 g,19.7 mmol)。在-78℃下攪拌1 h後,,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。所得殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(2-氯-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯。針對C21
H20
ClO5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:419.1,實測值:419.0。
在0℃下向(2-氯-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯(250 mg,0.6 mmol)於THF (3 mL)中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(0.12 mL,0.69 mmol)及三光氣(92 mg,0.3 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌1 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮以提供粗氯甲酸酯。
在0℃下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚(187 mg,0.30 mmol)於THF (1.5 mL)中之溶液添加NaH (24 mg,0.60 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌30 min後,將粗氯甲酸酯(上文製得)於THF (1.5 mL)中之溶液添加至該混合物。在0℃下攪拌1 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-3-氯苯甲酯。
步驟b:向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-3-氯苯甲酯(298 mg,0.28 mmol)於MeOH (4 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (30 mg,0.03 mmol)。在H2
氣球下將該混合物攪拌1 h,然後濾過矽藻土,濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸3-氯-4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.04-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (dd, J = 10.2, 10.2 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (br s, 2H), 5.36 (s, 2H), 4.77 (s, 2H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 2.16-2.29 (m, 4H), 1.93 (br s, 6H), 0.99 (br s, 6H)。針對C42
H37
ClF7
N4
O6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:893.2,實測值:893.1。
實例18:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸3-氟-4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲酯之合成
步驟a:向含有於THF (32 mL)中之3-氟-4-羥基苯甲醛(1 g,7.1 mmol)之燒瓶滴加tBuOK於THF中之1.0 M溶液(7.6 mL,7.6 mmol)及二磷酸四苯甲酯(4.0 g,7.4 mmol)。在70℃下將該混合物加熱1 h。一經完成,則添加己烷並過濾內容物。濃縮濾液且殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(2-氟-4-甲醯基苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯。針對C21
H18
FO5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:401.1,實測值:401.1。
在-78℃下向(2-氟-4-甲醯基苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯(2.68 g,6.7 mmol)於THF (6.7 mL)中之溶液添加NaBH4
(0.76 g,20.5 mmol)。在-78℃下攪拌1 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(2-氟-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯。針對C21
H20
FO5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:403.1,實測值:403.0。
在0℃下向(2-氟-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯(250 mg,0.62 mmol)於THF (3 mL)中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(0.12 mL,0.69 mmol)及三光氣(92 mg,0.3 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌30 min後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮以提供粗氯甲酸酯。
在0℃下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚(195 mg,0.31 mmol)於THF (1.5 mL)中之溶液添加NaH (24 mg,0.60 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌30 min後,將粗氯甲酸酯(上文製得)於THF (1.5 mL)中之溶液添加至該混合物。在室溫下攪拌16 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-3-氟苯甲酯。
步驟b:向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-3-氟苯甲酯(307 mg,0.29 mmol)於EtOAc (1.5 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (30 mg,0.03 mmol)。在H2
氣球下將該混合物攪拌3 h,然後濾過矽藻土,濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基) -2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸3-氟-4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ: 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.05-8.11 (m, 2H), 7.83 (m, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J = 8.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.23 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (dd, J = 10.4, 10.4 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (br s, 2H), 5.38 (s, 2H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 2.15-2.29 (m, 4H), 1.96 (br s, 6H), 0.99 (br s, 6H)。針對C42
H37
F8
N4
O6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:877.2,實測值:877.1。
實例19:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸2-((膦醯氧基)甲基)苯酯之合成
步驟a:向含有於DMF (82 mL)中之2-羥基苯甲醛(10 g,82 mmol)之燒瓶滴加咪唑(6.1 g,90 mmol)及TBDMSCl (13.6 g,90 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌3 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。該混合物用EtOAc萃取。經組合之有機層用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供2-((第三丁基二甲基矽基)氧基)苯甲醛。針對C13
H20
O2
Si [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:237.1,實測值:237.1。
向2-((第三丁基二甲基矽基)氧基)苯甲醛(16.4 g,69 mmol)於MeOH (126 mL)中之溶液添加NaBH4
(2.55 g,67.4 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌2 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。在真空中濃縮該混合物,然後用己烷萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至10% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(2-((第三丁基二甲基矽基)氧基)苯基)甲醇。
向含有於THF (42 mL)中之(2-((第三丁基二甲基矽基)氧基)苯基)甲醇(1 g,4.2 mmol)之燒瓶滴加tBuOK於THF中之1.0 M溶液(4.6 mL,4.6 mmol)及二磷酸四苯甲酯(2.5 g,4.6 mmol)。在60℃下將該混合物加熱1 h。一經完成,則添加己烷並過濾內容物。濃縮濾液且殘餘物無需進一步純化即可使用。
向溶解於MeCN (42 mL)中之粗殘餘物之溶液滴加HF-吡啶(4.2 mL)。在室溫下攪拌1 h後,在真空中濃縮該混合物。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(2-羥基苯甲基)磷酸二苯甲酯。針對C21
H21
O5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:385.1,實測值:385.0。
向(2-羥基苯甲基)磷酸二苯甲酯(366 mg,0.95 mmol)於THF (4.8 mL)中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(0.18 mL,1.0 mmol)及三光氣(139 mg,0.47 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌30 min後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。
向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚(300 mg,0.48 mmol)於THF (4.8 mL)中之溶液添加NaH (37 mg,0.97 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌20 min後,將粗氯甲酸酯(上文製得)於1 mL THF中之溶液添加至該混合物。在室溫下攪拌16 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基 -2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸2-(((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲基)苯酯。
步驟b:向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸2-(((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲基)苯酯(500 mg,0.48 mmol)於EtOAc (2.4 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (51 mg)。在H2
氣球下將該混合物攪拌2 h,然後濾過矽藻土,濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸2-((膦醯氧基)甲基)苯酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 8.12 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.94-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.20 (m, 3H), 6.90-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.56 (dd, J = 8.4, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (s, 2H), 4.15 (br s, 2H), 3.59 (br s, 2H), 2.16 (q, J = 7.8 Hz, 4H), 1.48 (br s, 6H), 0.90 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 6H)。針對C42
H38
F7
N4
O6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:859.2,實測值:859.2。
實例20:2-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羰基)磷酸二氫苯甲酯之合成
步驟a:在-78℃下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟 -1H-吲哚(500 mg,0.80 mmol)於THF (8 mL)中之溶液添加KHMDS於THF中之0.5 M溶液(2.6 mL,1.3mmol)。在-78℃下攪拌30 min後,將2-(氯甲基)苯甲醯氯(0.28 mL,1.9 mmol)添加至該混合物。在室溫下攪拌16 h後,該反應用EtOAc稀釋並用飽和NaHCO3
水溶液清洗。分離水層及有機層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基 -2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)(2-(氯甲基)苯基)甲酮。針對C42
H36
ClF7
N4
O [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:781.3,實測值:781.0。
步驟b:向(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)(2-(氯甲基)苯基)甲酮(194 mg,0.25 mmol)於丙酮(3.1 mL)中之溶液添加碘化鈉(149 mg,0.99 mmol)。在70℃下加熱2 h後,該反應用EtOAc稀釋並用H2
O清洗。分離水層及有機層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮以產生(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟 -1H-吲哚-1-基)(2-(碘甲基)苯基)甲酮,其無需進一步純化即可用於下一步驟中。
步驟c:向粗(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚 -1-基)(2-(碘甲基)苯基)甲酮(0.25 mmol)於甲苯(1 mL)中之溶液添加二苯甲基磷酸銀(190 mg,0.49 mmol)。在110℃下將該混合物加熱3 h後,使該混合物濾過矽藻土。濃縮濾液且殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(2-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基) -2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羰基)苯甲基)磷酸二苯甲酯。
步驟d:向(2-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚 -1-羰基)苯甲基)磷酸二苯甲酯(96 mg)於EtOAc (1 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (10 mg,0.009 mmol)。在H2
氣球下將該混合物攪拌4 h,然後濾過矽藻土,濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生2-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羰基)磷酸二氫苯甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz,CD3
OD) δ: 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.09 (br s, 2H), 7.74 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (ddd, J = 1.4, 7.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (dd, J = 1.4, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (ddd, J = 1.4, 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J = 8.3, 11.3 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (dd, J = 3.8, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (dd, J = 1.8, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 2.26 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 4H), 1.93 (s, 6H), 1.03 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 6H)。針對C42
H38
F7
N4
O5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:843.3,實測值:843.2。
實例21:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-(哌嗪-1-基甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:將4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(840 mg,1.12 mmol)、4-甲醯基苯甲酸(252 mg,1.68 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(0.74 mL,4.48 mmol)於二氯甲烷(20 mL)中之混合物加熱至50℃,歷時3 h。將該混合物冷卻至室溫,倒入飽和NaHCO3
水溶液中並用二氯甲烷萃取。分離有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,在減壓下濃縮並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至60% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-甲醯基苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯。針對C40
H35
F4
N6
O6
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:771.2,實測值:771.2。
步驟b:在0℃下向含有於二氯甲烷(25 mL)中之哌嗪(1.0 g,11.6 mmol)之200 mL燒瓶依序添加乙酸(40 mL)、NaBH(OAc)3
(1.5 g,7.0 mmol)及4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-甲醯基苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯(0.5 g,0.65 mmol)。容許將該混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌整夜。將該混合物冷卻至0℃並裝入於醚中之2 M HCl溶液(20 mL,40 mmol)。該混合物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液,接著0至60 % MeOH之CH2
Cl2
溶液)純化。組合純溶離份,冷卻至0℃,裝入於醚中之2 M HCl溶液(10 mL,20 mmol)並在減壓下濃縮以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫 -2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-(哌嗪-1-基甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯之HCl鹽。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.58 (s, 2H), 8.21 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (br s, 2H), 6.59-6.66 (m, 2H), 6.30 (s, 2H), 4.32-4.50 (m, 4H), 3.96 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 3H), 3.40-3.60 (m, 9H), 3.28-3.34 (m, 3H), 2.98 (dd, J = 5.8, 5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (br s, 4H), 1.00 (br s, 6H);針對C44
H45
F4
N8
O5
[M + H]+
,MS (游離形式):(ES) m/z計算值:841.3,實測值:841.7。
實例22:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)-苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-((膦醯氧基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:在-78℃下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚(3.0 g,4.76 mmol)於THF (30 mL)中之溶液滴加1 M LiHMDS之甲苯溶液(7.61 mL,7.61 mmol)。該混合物在相同溫度下再攪拌15 min。將氯甲酸氯甲酯(0.83 mL,9.52 mmol)添加至該混合物。讓所得混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌0.5 h。該混合物用飽和NH4
Cl水溶液淬滅並用EtOAc萃取。分離有機層,用飽和NaHCO3
水溶液清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,在減壓下濃縮並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至40% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸氯甲酯。針對C36
H33
ClF7
N4
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:721.1,實測值:721.0。
步驟b:將4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸氯甲酯(2.5 g,3.46 mmol)及NaI (6.0 g,40.0 mmol)於丙酮(50 mL)中之混合物加熱至45℃,歷時7 h。將該混合物冷卻至室溫,倒入飽和NaHCO3
水溶液中並用EtOAc萃取。分離有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,在減壓下濃縮並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至40% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化,提供4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯。針對C36
H33
F7
IN4
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:813.2,實測值:813.2。
步驟c:將4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(156 mg,0.19 mmol)及((4-(((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)銀(100 mg,0.19 mmol)於甲苯(10 mL)中之混合物加熱至110℃,歷時1 h。將其冷卻至室溫,倒入飽和NaHCO3
水溶液中並用EtOAc萃取。分離有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,在減壓下濃縮並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至60% EtOAc之己烷溶液,接著0至30% EtOAc之CH2
Cl2
溶液)純化以提供4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-(((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲基)-苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯。針對C58
H53
F7
N4
O8
P[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:1097.3,僅觀察到原始MS之片段。
步驟d:將4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-(((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯(0.10 g,0.09 mmol)、TFA (1 mL)、二氯甲烷(1 mL)及水(1 mL)之混合物加熱至45℃,歷時6 h。將其冷卻至室溫,在減壓下濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以提供呈TFA鹽之4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-((膦醯氧基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.01-8.13 (m, 6H), 7.85 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.81-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.66-6.71 (m, 2H), 6.26 (s, 2H), 5.07 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.70 (br s, 2H), 4.40 (br s, 2H), 3.30 (br s, 2H), 2.16-2.30 (m, 4H), 1.88 (s, 6H), 1.00 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 6H);針對C44
H41
F7
N4
O8
P[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:917.3,實測值:917.1。
實例23:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)-苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-(哌嗪-1-基甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:在室溫將4-甲醯基苯甲酸(0.5 g,3.3 mmol)及單水合LiOH (0.15 g,3.7 mmol)於THF (7.5 mL)、MeOH (1 mL)及水(0.5 mL)中之混合物攪拌15分鐘。向該混合物添加AgNO3
(0.65 g,3.8 mmol)。將該混合物再攪拌15分鐘並在減壓下蒸發至乾燥以提供((4-甲醯基苯甲醯基)氧基)銀。
將4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(0.30 g,0.37 mmol)及上文((4-甲醯基苯甲醯基)氧基)銀(0.14 g,0.55 mmol)於甲苯(5 mL)中之混合物加熱至100℃歷時1 h。將其冷卻至室溫,倒入飽和NaHCO3
水溶液中並用EtOAc萃取。分離有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,在減壓下濃縮並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至60% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基 -2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-甲醯基苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯。針對C44
H38
F7
N4
O5
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:835.3,實測值:835.3。
步驟c:在0℃向含有哌嗪(0.150 g,1.74 mmol)於二氯甲烷(4 mL)中之小瓶中依序添加乙酸(3 mL)、NaBH(OAc)3
(0.400 g,1.88 mmol)及4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基 -2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-甲醯基苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯(0.060 g,0.071 mmol)。使該混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌整夜。將該混合物冷卻至0℃並用於醚中之2 M HCl溶液(2 mL,4 mmol)淬滅。該混合物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至100 % MeOH之CH2
Cl2
溶液)純化。合併純溶離份,冷卻至0℃,裝入於醚中之2 M HCl溶液(2 mL,4 mmol)並在減壓下濃縮以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚 -1-羧酸((4-(哌嗪-1-基甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯之HCl鹽。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.04-8.26 (m, 6H), 7.74-7.90 (m, 3H), 7.35 (dd, J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.80-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.66-6.74 (m, 1H), 6.27 (s, 2H), 4.80-5.00 (m, 2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.36 (br s, 1H), 3.63 (br s, 10H), 2.23 (br s, 4H), 2.03 (br s, 6H), 0.99 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 6H);針對C48
H48
F7
N6
O4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:905.3,實測值:905.3。
實例24:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-((膦醯氧基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:將4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(0.15 g,0.20 mmol)及((4-(((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)銀(0.11 g,0.21 mmol)於甲苯(4 mL)中之混合物加熱至110℃,歷時1 h。將該混合物冷卻至室溫,倒入飽和NaHCO3
水溶液中並用EtOAc萃取。分離有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,在減壓下濃縮並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至40% EtOAc之CH2
Cl2
溶液)純化以提供4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-(((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯。針對C54
H50
F4
N6
O9
P[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:1033.3,僅可見親代MS之片段。
步驟b:將4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-(((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯(0.08 g,0.08 mmol)、TFA (1 mL)、二氯甲烷(1 mL)及水(1 mL)之混合物加熱至45℃,歷時7 h。將其冷卻至室溫,在減壓下濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以提供4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-((膦醯氧基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.55 (s, 2H), 8.10 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (br s, 2H), 6.57-6.64 (m, 2H), 6.28 (s, 2H), 5.08 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.81 (br s, 2H), 4.36 (br s, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.92-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.20 (br s, 4H), 1.00 (br s, 6H);針對C40
H38
F4
N6
O9
P[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:853.2,實測值:853.0。
實例25:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(甘胺醯氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:將4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(0.080 g,0.10 mmol)、(第三丁氧基羰基)甘胺酸(0.056 g,0.32 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(0.088 mL,0.53 mmol)於二氯甲烷(3 mL)中之混合物加熱至45℃,歷時1.5 h。將其冷卻至室溫,在減壓下濃縮以提供4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(((第三丁氧基羰基)甘胺醯基)氧基)甲酯。針對C39
H42
F4
N7
O7
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:796.3,實測值:796.3。
步驟b:在室溫下將4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基 -1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(((第三丁氧基羰基)甘胺醯基)氧基)甲酯(~ 0.10 mmol)及於二噁烷中之4 M HCl溶液(1.5 mL,6 mmol)於二氯甲烷(3 mL)中之混合物攪拌1.5 h。在減壓下濃縮該混合物並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液,接著0至80% MeOH於EtOAc中)純化。組合純溶離份,冷卻至0℃,裝入於醚中之2 M HCl溶液(1 mL,2 mmol)並在減壓下濃縮以產生呈HCl鹽之4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(甘胺醯氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.59 (s, 2H), 7.78-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (br s, 2H), 6.60-6.68 (m, 2H), 6.17 (s, 2H), 4.83 (br s, 2H), 4.39 (br s, 2H), 4.01 (br s, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.96-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.26 (br s, 4H), 1.96-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.26 (m, 1H), 1.00 (br s, 6H);針對C34
H34
F4
N7
O5
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:696.2,實測值:696.2。
實例26:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((L-纈胺醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:在室溫下將4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基 -1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(0.080 g,0.10 mmol)、(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺酸(0.07 g,0.32 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(0.09 mL,0.53 mmol)於二氯甲烷(3 mL)中之混合物攪拌2 h。在旋轉蒸發儀上在減壓下濃縮該混合物並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至60% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(((第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺醯基)氧基)甲酯;針對C42
H48
F4
N7
O7
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:838.4,實測值:838.8。
步驟b:在室溫下將4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基 -1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(((第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺醯基)氧基)甲酯(31 mg,0.037 mmol)及於二噁烷中之4 M HCl溶液(0.5 mL,2 mmol)於二氯甲烷(0.5 mL)中之混合物攪拌1 h。在減壓下濃縮該混合物並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至30% MeOH之CH2
Cl2
溶液)純化。組合純溶離份,冷卻至0℃,裝入於醚中之2 M HCl溶液(0.5 mL,2 mmol)並在減壓下濃縮以產生呈HCl鹽之4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((L-纈胺醯基)氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.60 (s, 2H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (br s, 2H), 6.62-6.72 (m, 2H), 6.24 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.13 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (s, 1H), 4.82 (br s, 2H), 4.41 (br s, 2H), 4.10 (s, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.01 (s, 2H), 1.80-2.60 (m, 5H), 0.60-1.40 (m, 14H);針對C37
H40
F4
N7
O5
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:738.3,實測值:738.2。
實例27:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(甘胺醯氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:在45℃下將4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(0.06 g,0.07 mmol)、(第三丁氧基羰基)甘胺酸(0.04 g,0.18 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(0.08 mL,0.48 mmol)於二氯甲烷(1 mL)中之混合物攪拌1.5 h。將該混合物冷卻至室溫並在減壓下濃縮以提供4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(((第三丁氧基羰基)甘胺醯基)氧基)甲酯。針對C43
H45
F7
N5
O6
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:860.3,實測值:860.3。
步驟b:在室溫下將4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(((第三丁氧基羰基)甘胺醯基)氧基)甲酯(~0.07 mmol)及於二噁烷中之4 M HCl溶液(1 mL,4 mmol)於二噁烷(2 mL)中之混合物攪拌2 h。在減壓下濃縮該混合物並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生呈TFA鹽之4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(甘胺醯氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.37 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.59 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.58-6.70 (m, 3H), 5.96 (s, 2H), 4.50-4.70 (m, 2H), 4.30 (br s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 2.19 (br s, 4H), 1.83-2.03 (m, 8H), 0.98 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 6H);針對C38
H37
F7
N5
O4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:760.3,實測值:760.1。
實例28:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((L-纈胺醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:在45℃下攪拌4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟 -1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(0.10 g,0.12 mmol)、(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺酸(0.08 g,0.37 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(0.10 mL,0.61 mmol)於二氯甲烷(3 mL)中之混合物。2 h後,將該混合物冷卻至室溫,在減壓下濃縮並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(((第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺醯基)氧基)甲酯。針對C46
H51
F7
N5
O6
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:902.3,實測值:902.3。
步驟b:向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(((第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺醯基)氧基)甲酯(25 mg,0.028 mmol)於二氯甲烷(0.3 mL)中之溶液添加於二噁烷中之4 M HCl (0.1 mL,0.4 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌3 h及然後在減壓下濃縮以產生呈HCl鹽之4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基 -2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((L-纈胺醯基)氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 9.33 (s, 1H), 8.99 (s, 2H), 7.99-8.06 (m, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.10-7.30 (m, 3H), 6.97 (br s, 1H), 6.68-6.78 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.66 (m, 1H), 6.16-6.22 (m, 1H), 5.90-5.98 (m, 1H), 4.69 (br s, 2H), 4.47 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (s, 1H), 3.60-3.90 (m, 3H), 1.70-2.60 (m, 10H), 0.75-1.34 (m, 12H);針對C41
H43
F7
N5
O4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:802.3,實測值:802.2。
實例29:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)-苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-((二甲基胺基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
在室溫下將二甲胺(0.40 mL,在二氯甲烷中飽和)、HOAc (0.80 mL)、4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((4-甲醯基苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯(0.080 g,0.096 mmol)及NaBH(OAc)3
(0.200 g,0.94 mmol)於二氯甲烷中之混合物攪拌1 h。將該混合物倒入飽和NaHCO3
水溶液中並用EtOAc萃取。分離有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,在減壓下濃縮並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液,接著0至30% MeOH於EtOAc中)純化以提供4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚 -1-羧酸((4-((二甲基胺基)甲基)苯甲醯基)氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.15 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.77 (m, 1H), 6.62 (m, 1H), 6.56 (m, 1H), 6.23 (s, 2H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 3.63 (s, 2H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 2.23 (s, 6H), 2.10-2.40 (m, 4H), 1.55 (s, 6H), 1.01 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H);針對C46
H45
F7
N5
O4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:864.3,實測值:864.2。
實例30:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)-苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((二甲基甘胺醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
在室溫下將4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(0.03 g,0.04 mmol)及二甲基甘胺酸四丁基銨(20 mg,0.06 mmol)於THF (0.6 mL)中之混合物攪拌0.5 h。在減壓下濃縮該混合物並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有1% HOAc)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((二甲基甘胺醯基)氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.21 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.91-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.80 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.81-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.65-6.72 (m, 2H), 6.12 (s, 2H), 4.23 (s, 2H), 4.17 (s, 2H), 3.69 (s, 2H), 2.90 (s, 6H), 2.17-2.36 (m, 4H), 1.57 (s, 6H), 1.02 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H);針對C40
H41
F7
N5
O4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:788.3,實測值:788.2。
實例31:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((二甲氧基磷醯基)氧基)甲酯之合成
在室溫下將4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸碘甲酯(40 mg,0.037 mmol)及二甲基磷酸四丁基銨(30 mg,0.08) mmol)於THF (6 mL)中之混合物攪拌1.5 h。完成後,該混合物用EtOAc稀釋,用鹽水清洗,並經MgSO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠快速層析術(5至20% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸((二甲氧基磷醯基)氧基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.13 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.75-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.07-7.09 (m, 2H), 6.77 (dd, J = 8.4, 11.8 Hz, 1H), 6.59-6.66 (m, 2H), 5.81 (d, J = 14.1 Hz, 2H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 2H), 2.14-2.38 (m, 4H), 1.56 (s, 6H), 1.02 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 6H)。針對C38
H39
F7
N4
O6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:811.2,實測值:811.2。
實例32:(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)甲醇之合成
在室溫下將2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(200 mg,0.35 mmol)、(氯甲基)磷酸二-第三丁酯(183 mg,0.35 mmol)及NaH (100 mg,60%於礦物油中,2.5 mmol)於DMF (5 mL)中之混合物攪拌2 h。將該混合物倒入水中並用EtOAc萃取。分離有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,在減壓下濃縮並藉由矽膠快速層析術(0至80% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)甲醇。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.48 (s, 2H), 7.24 (dd, J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.00-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.44 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 5.59 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 4.11 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 3H), 3.71 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (br s, 4H), 1.02 (br s, 6H)。針對C31
H31
F4
N6
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:595.2,實測值:595.5。
實例33:甘胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽之合成
向含有DMF (3.0 mL)之小瓶裝入(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟 -1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇(100 mg,0.18 mmol)、(第三丁氧基羰基)甘胺酸(61 mg,0.35 mmol)、HATU (134 mg,0.35 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(68 mg,0.52 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌24 h。完成後,該反應用H2
O淬滅且粗產物係藉由矽膠層析術(10至50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化並在真空中濃縮。然後將殘餘物溶解於二氯甲烷(3.0 mL)中並在室溫下用於二噁烷中之4 N HCl (2.0 mL)處理2 h。反應完成後,移除溶劑且殘餘物用二氯甲烷研磨以產生甘胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 11.07 (bs, 1H), 8.56 (bs, 2H), 7.47-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.26 (m, 2H), 6.91 (dd, J = 1.9, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 10.9 Hz 1H), 6.40-6.43 (m, 1H), 5.53 (s, 2H), 4.90 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.42-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 3.00 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.43-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.90 -1.98 (m, 1H), 1.22 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 0.73 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H),針對C32
H31
F4
N7
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:622.3,實測值:622.2。
實例34:(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲基-L-纈胺酸鹽鹽酸鹽之合成
步驟a:向含有DMF (3.0 mL)之小瓶裝入(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇(100 mg,0.18 mmol)、(第三丁氧基羰基)纈胺酸(77 mg,0.35 mmol)、HATU (134 mg,0.35 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(68 mg,0.53 mmol)。在50℃下將該反應混合物攪拌24 h。完成後,該混合物用H2
O淬滅且粗產物係藉由矽膠層析術(10至50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化並在真空中濃縮以產生(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯。針對C40
H45
F4
N7
O4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:764.4,實測值:764.3。
步驟b:向(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯(60 mg,0.08 mmol)於二氯甲烷(5 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加於二噁烷中之4 N HCl (0.2 mL,0.8 mmol)。在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌2 h。完成後,該反應混合物用水及飽和NaHCO3
水溶液稀釋,用二氯甲烷萃取,用鹽水清洗,並經MgSO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生所需產物。將該材料轉化為HCl鹽以產生(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲基-L-纈胺酸鹽鹽酸鹽。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.65 (bs, 1H), 8.61-8.72 (m, 2H), 8.42 (bs, 2H), 7.56 (bs, 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.88-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 5.42-5.55 (m, 2H), 4.74 (dd, J = 6.2, 15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.92-4.05 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.83-0.90 (m, 6H), 0.61-0.63 (m, 3H)。針對C35
H37
F4
N7
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:664.3,實測值:664.2。
實例35:(S)-2,5-二胺基戊酸4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽之合成
步驟a:向含有DMF (3.0 mL)之小瓶裝入(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基) -5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇(110 mg,0.19 mmol)、2,5-雙(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)戊酸(96 mg,0.29 mmol)、HATU (149 mg,0.39 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(75 mg,1.17 mmol)。在室溫下將該反應攪拌24 h。完成後,該混合物用H2
O淬滅且粗產物係藉由矽膠層析術(10至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化,在真空下濃縮乾燥以產生(S)-2,5-雙((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)戊酸4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯。針對C45
H54
F4
N8
O6
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:879.41,實測值:879.5。
步驟b:向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲基-(S)-2,5-雙((第三丁氧基羰基)-胺基)戊酸鹽(75 mg,3.6 mmol)於二氯甲烷(5 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加於二噁烷中之4 N HCl (0.18 mL,0.68 mmol)。在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌2 h。完成後,該反應混合物用H2
O及飽和NaHCO3
水溶液稀釋,用二氯甲烷萃取,用鹽水清洗並經MgSO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生所需產物。將該材料轉化為HCl鹽以產生(S)-2,5-二胺基戊酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.77 (bs, 1H), 8.50-8.65 (m, 4H), 7.90-8.25 (m, 2H), 7.55 (bs, 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.97 (dd, J = 1.9, 10.9 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.4 Hz 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 5.35-5.54 (m, 2H), 4.73 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.38-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.05-4.25 (m, 2H), 2.85-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.78 (m, 4H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.65 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H),針對C35
H38
F4
N8
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:679.3,實測值:679.2。
實例36:L-離胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽之合成
實例36係類似於如實例35中描述之程序,使用N2
,N6
-雙(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-離胺酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.71 (bs, 1H), 8.50-8.75 (m, 4H), 7.89 (bs, 2H), 7.56 (t, J = 2.8 Hz 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.1 Hz 1H), 6.30-6.35 (m, 1H), 5.38 - 5.54 (m, 2H), 4.73 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.30 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.15 (m, 2H), 2.85-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.65 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H),針對C36
H40
F4
N8
O2
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:693.3,實測值:693.3。
實例37:4-胺基丁酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽之合成
實例37係類似於如實例35中描述之程序,使用4-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)丁酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.98 (s, 1H), 8.52-8.72 (m, 2H), 7.79 (bs, 2H), 7.52 (t, J = 3.1 Hz 1H), 7.14-7.30 (m, 2H), 6.91 (dd, J = 1.6, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 10.9 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (dd, J = 1.9, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.50 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.25 (m, 2H), 2.85-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.0-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.65 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H),針對C34
H35
F4
N7
O2
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:650.3,實測值:650.3。
實例38:(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲基-L-組胺酸鹽鹽酸鹽之合成
實例38係類似於如實例35中描述之程序,使用(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-組胺酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.76 (br s, 1H), 9.01 (d, J = 3.9 Hz 1H), 8.55-8.75 (m, 4H), 7.55 (d, J = 2.8 Hz 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 5.37-5.54 (m, 2H), 4.75 (dd, J = 2.7, 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.95 (m, 3H), 2.30-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.13 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 0.65 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H)。針對C36
H35
F4
N9
O2
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:702.3,實測值:701.9。
實例39:(S)-3-胺基-4-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)-4-側氧基丁酸鹽酸鹽之合成
實例39係類似於如實例35中描述之程序,使用(S)-4-(第三丁氧基)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-4-側氧基丁酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.65 (bs, 1H), 8.60-8.75 (m, 2H), 8.46 (bs, 3H), 7.52 (t, J = 2.9 Hz 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (bs, 1H), 6.31 (bs, 1H), 5.25-5.40 (m, 2H), 4.57 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.30 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s, 2H), 2.99 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 2.85-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.11 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 0.65 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H)。針對C34
H33
F4
N7
O2
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:680.3,實測值:680.1。
實例40:L-纈胺醯基甘胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽之合成
步驟a:向含有DMF (3.0 mL)之小瓶裝入(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇(150 mg,0.27 mmol)、(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺醯基甘胺酸(145 mg,0.53 mmol)、EDCI (101 mg,0.53 mmol)、HOBT (61 mg,0.39 mmol)及DIPEA (102 mg,0.77 mmol)。在50℃下將該混合物攪拌24 h。反應完成後,處理該反應且粗產物係藉由矽膠層析術(10至60% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺醯基甘胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫 -2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯。
步驟b:向(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲基-(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-纈胺醯基甘胺酸鹽(180 mg,0.02 mmol)於二氯甲烷(5 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加於二噁烷中之4 N HCl溶液(0.25 mL,0.1 mmol)。在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌5 h。完成後,用水及飽和NaHCO3
水溶液稀釋溶劑,用二氯甲烷萃取,用鹽水清洗並經Na2
SO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且粗產物係藉由管柱層析術(20至100% EtOAc/己烷)純化以產生所需產物,將其轉化為HCl鹽以產生(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲基-L-纈胺醯基甘胺酸鹽鹽酸鹽。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.58 (br s, 1H), 8.85 (br s, 1H), 8.60-8.75 (m, 2H), 8.09 (br s, 2H), 7.53 (t, J = 3.1 Hz 1H), 7.12-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.90 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 10.9 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (t, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 5.25-5.35 (m, 2H), 4.72 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 16.3 Hz, 1H), 4.40-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.25(m, 2H), 3.91 (dd, J = 5.1, 17.2 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (t, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H), 2.85-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 0.80-0.85 (m, 6H), 0.65 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H),針對C37
H40
F4
N8
O3
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:721.3,實測值:721.3。
實例41:L-異白胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽之合成
實例41係類似於如實例35中描述之程序,使用(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-異白胺酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.63 (br s, 1H), 8.60-8.75 (m, 2H), 8.42 (br s, 2H), 7.43-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.30-6.35 (m, 1H), 5.38-5.45 (m, 2H), 4.76 (dd, J = 5.8, 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.98-4.05 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.42 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.72-0.85 (m, 6H), 0.65 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H)。針對C36
H39
F4
N7
O2
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:678.3,實測值:678.3。
實例42:L-丙胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽之合成
實例42係類似於如實例35中描述之程序,使用(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-丙胺酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.62 (br s, 1H), 8.60-8.75 (m, 2H), 8.35 (br s, 2H), 7.56 (t, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.30-6.35 (m, 1H), 5.35-5.50 (m, 2H), 4.73 (d, J = 17.0 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J = 15.76 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.22 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.82 -1.90 (m, 1H), 1.38 (dd, J = 2.4, 7.5 Hz, 3H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 0.65 (dd, J = 7.2, 15.6 Hz, 3H)。針對C33
H33
F4
N7
O2
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:636.3,實測值:636.2。
實例43:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲基-L-苯丙胺酸鹽鹽酸鹽之合成
實例43係類似於如實例35中描述之程序,使用(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-苯丙胺酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.55 (br s, 1H), 8.60-8.75 (m, 2H), 8.45-8.52 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.25 (m, 7H), 6.88-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.71 (dd, J = 11.4, 24.3 Hz, 1H), 6.30-6.38 (m, 1H), 5.35-5.45 (m, 2H), 4.73 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.13 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.64 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H)。針對C39
H37
F4
N7
O2
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:712.3,實測值:712.2。
實例44:(S)-2-胺基-5-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)-5-側氧基戊酸鹽酸鹽之合成
實例44係類似於如實例35中描述之程序,使用(S)-5-(第三丁氧基)-4-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-5-側氧基戊酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.61 (br s, 1H), 8.62-8.75 (m, 2H), 8.35-8.45 (m, 3H), 7.52 (t, J = 2.7 Hz 1H), 7.12-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.90 (dd, J = 7.8, 11.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (q, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.23-5.31 (m, 2H), 4.74 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 1H), 3.85-4.00 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.85-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 0.64 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H)。針對C35
H35
F4
N7
O4
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:694.3,實測值:694.2。
實例45:(S)-2-乙醯胺基-5-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)-5-側氧基戊酸之合成
在室溫下向(S)-2-胺基-5-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)-5-側氧基戊酸(70 mg,0.113 mmol)於二氯甲烷(3.0 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加吡啶(27 mg,0.4 mmol)及乙酸酐(30 mg,0.34 mmol)。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌1 h。完成後,移除溶劑且粗材料係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生(S)-2-乙醯胺基-5-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)-5-側氧基戊酸。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.53 (br s, 1H), 8.55-8.80 (m, 2H), 8.12 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (t, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (t, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 2H), 4.75 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.37-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.18-4.25 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.85 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.45 (m, 4H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 0.65 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H),針對C37
H37
F4
N7
O5
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:736.3,實測值:736.2。
實例46:(S)-4-胺基-5-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)-5-側氧基戊酸鹽酸鹽之合成
實例46係類似於如實例35中描述之程序,使用(S)-5-(第三丁氧基)-2-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-5-側氧基戊酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.56 (br s, 1H), 8.60-8.75 (m, 2H), 8.30-8.45 (m, 2H), 7.56 (t, J = 2.7 Hz 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.30-6.38 (m, 1H), 5.36-5.52 (m, 2H), 4.74 (dd, J = 5.6, 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.25 (m, 2H), 3.35-4.00 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.45 (m, 4H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.83-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 0.65 (dd, J = 7.5, 14.9 Hz, 3H),針對C35
H35
F4
N7
O4
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:694.3,實測值:694.2。
實例47:甘胺醯基-L-纈胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽之合成
實例47係類似於如實例40中描述之程序,使用(第三丁氧基羰基)甘胺醯基-L-纈胺酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.60 (br s, 1H), 8.60- 8.75 (m, 2H), 8.05 (br s, 2H), 7.55 (br s, 1H), 7.14-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J = 2.0, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (t, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.30-5.45 (m, 2H), 4.78 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 2H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.70 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.75-0.85 (m, 6H), 0.63 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H)。針對C37
H40
F4
N8
O3
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:721.3,實測值:721.2。
實例48:L-丙胺醯基-L-丙胺酸(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯鹽酸鹽之合成
實例48係類似於如實例40中描述之程序,使用(第三丁氧基羰基)-L-丙胺醯基-L-丙胺酸及(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.58 (br s, 1H), 8.50-8.95 (m, 3H), 8.10 (br s, 2H), 7.53 (br s, 1H), 7.12-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J = 6.0, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (br s, 1H), 5.25-5.38 (m, 2H), 4.73 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.92 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.30 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 3H), 1.10-1.18 (m, 6H), 0.60-0.66 (m, 3H)。針對C36
H38
F4
N8
O3
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:707.3,實測值:707.2。
實例49:4-(((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-2-酮之合成
在室溫下向(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇(100 mg,0.18 mmol)於二氯甲烷(4.0 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(151 mg,1.2 mmol)及4-(氯甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-2-酮(150 mg,0.78 mmol)。在室溫下將該反應攪拌24 h。完成後,該混合物用H2
O淬滅且粗產物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-2-酮。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 9.17 (br s, 1H), 8.47 (br s, 2H), 7.32-7.40 (m,1H), 7.10-7.35 (m, 2H), 6.85 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H), 6.35-6.45 (m, 1H), 5.49 (d, J = 15.1 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (dd, J = 4.3, 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (dd, J = 6.0, 16.5 Hz, 1H), 4.38-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.04 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 2.38-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.11-2.25 (m, 2H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 2H), 0.91-1.12 (m, 3H), 0.70-0.89 (m, 3H)。針對C35
H32
F4
N6
O4
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:677.2,實測值:677.3。
實例50:磷酸二氫(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:在-20℃下向(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇(100 mg,0.16 mmol)於二氯甲烷(30 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加PBr3
(95 mg,0.32 mmol)。容許將該反應混合物升溫至0℃並攪拌2 h。反應完成後,在真空中移除溶劑以產生3-(7-(溴甲基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶,其無需進一步純化即可直接用於下一步驟中。
步驟b:向3-(7-(溴甲基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(85 mg,1.24 mmol)於THF (4 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加二-第三丁基磷酸四丁基銨(91 mg,0.2 mmol)。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌整夜。濃縮該反應混合物且粗產物係藉由矽膠層析術(10至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生二-第三丁基-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲基)磷酸鹽。針對C38
H45
F4
N6
O4
P[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:757.32,實測值:757.3。
步驟c:在0℃下向二-第三丁基-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲基)磷酸鹽(70 mg, 0.92 mmol)於無水二氯甲烷(15 mL)中之攪拌溶液滴加TFA (52 mg,0.46 mmol),歷時5 min。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌2 h。反應完成後,在真空中移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生磷酸二氫(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.56 (br s, 2H), 7.43 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.90 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H), 6.37 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, 1H), 5.20-5.30 (m, 2H), 4.91 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.42-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.30-4.37 (m, 1H), 2.98 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (q, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.19 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.22 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.72 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H),針對C30
H29
F4
N6
O4
P[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:645.2,實測值:645.6。
實例51:磷酸二氫((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:在室溫下向(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲醇(140 mg,0.25 mmol)於二氯甲烷(4 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(77 mg,0.74 mmol)及((氯甲氧基)甲基)苯(77 mg,0.49 mmol)。將該反應混合物升溫至50℃並攪拌4 h。完成後,將該反應混合物冷卻至室溫。該混合物用水及飽和NaHCO3
水溶液稀釋,用二氯甲烷萃取,用鹽水清洗並經Na2
SO4
乾燥。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由矽膠層析術(10至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生3-(7-(((苯甲氧基)甲氧基)甲基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-4-基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
) δ 8.82 (br s, 1H), 8.47 (br s, 2H), 7.32-7.40 (m, 4H), 7.12-7.25 (m, 3H), 6.85 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (t, J = 3.1 Hz, 1H), 4.85-4.98 (m, 7H), 4.69 (d, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 4.40-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.0-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.73 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H)。針對C38
H36
F4
N6
O2
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:685.74,實測值:685.5。
步驟b:向3-(7-(((苯甲氧基)甲氧基)甲基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚 -4-基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(140 mg,0.20 mmol)於二氯甲烷(3 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加三甲基矽基碘化物(0.5 mL,0.51 mmol)。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌2 h。反應完成後,在真空中移除溶劑以產生2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(5-氟-7-((碘甲氧基)甲基)-1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶,其無需進一步純化即可直接用於下一步驟中。
步驟c:將膦酸二異丙基乙胺鹽(482 mg,1.0 mmol)於MeCN (5 mL)及H2
O (5 drops)中之攪拌懸浮液添加至2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -3-(5-氟-7-((碘甲氧基)甲基)-1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(140 mg,0.19 mmol)。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌2 h。反應完成後,在真空中移除溶劑及該混合物用水稀釋並用EtOAc萃取。在減壓下移除溶劑且殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% NH4
CO3
)純化並凍乾以產生磷酸二氫((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)甲酯之銨鹽。藉由用MeCN (0.6 mL)/H2
O (0.4 mL)稀釋並添加0.1 M NaOH (213 µL,2當量)及凍乾至乾燥以產生磷酸二氫((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-7-基)甲氧基)甲酯之二鈉鹽將該材料轉化為鈉鹽。1
H NMR (400 MHz, D2
O) δ 8.07 (br s, 2H), 7.37 (br s, 1H), 7.07-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.79 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.21 (br s, 2H), 4.87-4.95 (m, 2H), 4.76 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H), 4.15-4.25 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.85 (m, 2H), 2.79 (br s, 2H), 2.00-2.25 (m, 4H), 1.65-1.85 (m, 2H), 0.93 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.35-0.50 (m, 3H),針對C31
H31
F4
N6
O5
P[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:675.2,實測值:675.7。
實例52:4-((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-2-酮之合成
步驟a:在-78℃下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚(400 mg,0.64 mmol)於THF (10 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加於THF中之1 M LiHMDS溶液(1 mL,1 mmol)。攪拌30 min後,在-78℃下添加4-(氯甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-2-酮(113 mg,0.76 mmol)於THF (3 mL)中之溶液。將該混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌3 h。完成後,添加飽和NH4
Cl溶液,及該混合物用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(10至30% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-2-酮。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 8.16 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (br s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J = 8.06, 13.7 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (dd, J = 2.8, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (dd, J = 4.3, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (br s, 2H), 3.61 (q, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.47 (s, 6H), 0.90 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.85 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H)。針對C39
H35
F7
N4
O3
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:741.3,實測值:741.2。
實例53:4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -2,4,5,6-四氫-6,6-二甲基吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(5-甲基-2-側氧基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-4-基)甲酯之合成
在-40℃下向裝有於無水二氯甲烷(6 mL)中之4-(羥甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-2-酮(0.5 g,3.84 mmol)之50 mL圓底燒瓶滴加三乙胺(0.77 g,7.62 mmol),接著滴加三光氣(0.88 g,4.58 mmol),歷時5 min。在-40℃下將該反應混合物攪拌1 h,然後升溫至室溫,歷時1 h。完成後,該反應混合物用H2
O稀釋並用二氯甲烷萃取。經組合之有機層係經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,並在真空中濃縮以產生氯甲酸(5-甲基-2-側氧基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-4-基)甲酯,其無需進一步純化即可直接用於下一步驟中。
實例53係類似於如實例52中描述之程序,使用(5-甲基-2-側氧基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-4-基)甲基-氯甲酸鹽及4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑 -3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.22 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.90-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.81 (br s, 1H), 7.34 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.60-6.75 (m, 2H), 5.24 (s, 2H), 4.23 (br s, 2H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 2.25-2.38 (m, 4H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.57 (s, 6H), 1.03 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H)。針對C40
H35
F7
N4
O5
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:785.2,實測值:785.1。
實例54:4-((4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-2-酮之合成
實例54係類似於如實例52中描述之程序,使用4-(氯甲基) -5-甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-2-酮及2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基 -1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.70 (br s, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.28 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (br s, 1H), 6.40 (d, J = 13.3 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (br s, 2H), 4.78 (br s, 2H), 4.25-4.60 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.30 (br s, 2H), 2.89 (br s, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.36 (br s, 4H), 0.67-1.12 (m, 6H)。針對C35
H32
F4
N6
O4
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:677.24,實測值:677.2。
實例55:4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸(5-甲基-2-側氧基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-4-基)甲酯之合成
實例55係類似於如實例52中描述之程序,使用氯甲酸(5-甲基-2-側氧基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烯-4-基)甲酯及2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶進行製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.58 (br s, 2H), 7.78 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (t, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.22 (m, 2H), 6.50-6.65 (m, 2H), 5.28 (s, 2H), 4.38 (br s, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 2.97 (br s, 2H), 2.30-2.40 (m, 6H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 0.98-1.25 (m, 6H)。針對C36
H32
F4
N6
O6
[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:721.23,實測值:721.2。
實例56:磷酸二氫4-((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-2,4,5,6-四氫-6,6-二甲基吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧醯氧基)甲基)苯酯之合成
步驟a:在0℃下向裝有4-(羥甲基)苯酚(0.27 g,1.73 mmol)、三乙胺(0.27 g,1.73 mmol)及無水二氯甲烷(6 mL)之50 mL圓底燒瓶滴加二乙基磷醯氯(0.54 g,4.32 mmol),歷時5 min。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌16 h。完成後,該混合物用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(10至80% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(羥甲基)-苯基磷酸二乙酯。
在0℃下向4-(羥甲基)苯基磷酸二乙酯(0.27 g,1.73 mmol)及三乙胺於無水二氯甲烷(10 mL)中之攪拌溶液緩慢添加三光氣(0.54 g,4.32 mmol),歷時5 min。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌1 h。完成後,該反應混合物用H2
O稀釋並用二氯甲烷萃取。經組合之有機層係經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,並在真空中濃縮以產生氯甲酸4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)苯甲酯,其無需進一步純化即可直接用於下一步驟中。
在-78℃下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-2,4,5,6-四氫-6,6-二甲基吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚(150 mg,0.23 mmol)於THF (4 mL)中之溶液添加於THF中之1 M LiHMDS溶液(0.38 mL,0.38 mmol)。攪拌30 min後,在-78℃下添加氯甲酸4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)苯甲酯(153 mg,0.47 mmol)於THF (2 mL)中之溶液。將該反應混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌2 h。完成後,添加飽和NH4
Cl水溶液,用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(10至60% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)苯甲基-4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟 -1H-吲哚-1-羧酸鹽。針對C46
H46
F7
N4
O6
P[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:915.3,實測值:915.3。
步驟b:在室溫下向4-((二乙氧基磷醯基)氧基)苯甲基-4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸鹽(100 mg,0.11 mmol)於二氯甲烷(2.5 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加溴三甲基矽烷(83 mg,0.55 mmol),歷時8 h。完成後,將該混合物濃縮至乾燥並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲基-4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸鹽。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 2H), 7.82 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22(d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (dd, J = 8.2, 12.1 Hz, 1H), 6.65-6.75 (m, 2H), 5.40 (s, 2H), 4.72 (br s, 2H), 4.50 (br s, 2H), 2.15-2.30 (m, 4H), 1.93 (s, 6H), 0.99 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H),針對C42
H38
F7
N4
O6
P[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:859.24,實測值:859.2。
實例57:4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲基-4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)-嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸鹽之合成
步驟a:向4-羥基苯甲醛(3.0 g,24.5 mmol)於100 mL THF中之溶液添加tBuOK於THF中之1.0 M溶液(27.04 mL,27.04 mmol)。將該混合物加熱至70℃並添加磷酸四苯甲酯(14.5 g,26.95 mmol)。在70℃下1 h後,將己烷添加至該混合物並過濾內容物。在真空中濃縮濾液且所得殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(4-甲醯基苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯。針對C21
H19
O5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:383.1,實測值:383.2。
在-78℃下向(4-甲醯基苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯(3.5 g,9.16 mmol)於50 mL THF中之溶液添加NaBH4
(0.65 g,18.3 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌2 h後,該混合物用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層且水層用EtOAc萃取。經組合之有機層用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以提供二苯甲基-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸鹽。針對C21
H21
O5
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:385,實測值:385.1。
在0℃下向二苯甲基-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸鹽(3.56 g,9.24 mmol)於30 mL THF中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(2.98, 23.1 mmol)及三光氣(3.0 g,10.1 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌1 h後,該反應用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層,且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮以形成粗氯甲酸酯。
在0℃下向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚 -4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(250 mg,0.442 mmol)於1.2 mL THF中之溶液添加NaH (26 mg,1.05 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌30 min後,將上文形成之粗氯甲酸酯(247 mg,0.553 mmol)於THF (2 mL)中之溶液添加至該混合物。在0℃下將該溶液攪拌1 h,然後用H2
O淬滅。分離有機層及水層且水層用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至50% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟 -7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)苯甲酯。
步驟b:向4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)苯甲酯(150 mg,0.15 mmol)於7 mL THF中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (50 mg)。在H2
氣球下將該混合物攪拌1 h,然後濾過矽藻土,濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫 -2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸4-(膦醯氧基)苯甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 7.90 (br s, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 6.20-6.60 (m, 10H), 5.80 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 3.94 (br s, 2H), 3.48 (br s, 2H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 2.08 (br s, 2H), 1.68-1.95 (m, 2H), 0.98-1.45 (m, 6H),針對C38
H35
F4
N6
O7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:795.22,實測值:795.2。
實例58:磷酸二氫2-(4-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-2,4,5,6-四氫-6,6-二甲基吡咯并-[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚 -1-基)-2-甲基-4-側氧基丁-2-基)-3,5-二甲基苯酯之合成
在0℃下向3-(2-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-4,6-二甲基苯基)-3-甲基丁酸(1.0 g,2.07 mmol)於無水二氯甲烷(10 mL)中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺,接著滴加於二氯甲烷(10 mL)中之氯甲酸異丁酯(298 mg,2.49 mmol),歷時5 min。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌2 h。反應完成後,該反應混合物用H2
O稀釋並用二氯甲烷萃取。經組合之有機層係經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,並在真空中濃縮以產生3-(2-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-4,6-二甲基苯基)-3-甲基丁酸(異丁基碳酸)酐,其無需進一步純化即可直接用於下一步驟中。
在-78℃下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚(400 mg,0.63 mmol)於THF (10 mL)中之溶液添加於THF中之1M LiHMDS溶液(1.01 mL,1.01 mmol)。攪拌30 min後,在-78℃下添加3-(2-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-4,6-二甲基苯基)-3-甲基丁酸(異丁基碳酸)酐(0.46 g,0.8 mmol)於THF (5 mL)中之溶液並攪拌1 h。將該混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌2 h。完成後,添加飽和NH4
Cl水溶液,及該混合物用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(10至60% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(2-(4-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)-2-甲基-4-側氧基丁-2-基)-3,5-二甲基苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯。
在室溫下向所得之磷酸鹽(270 mg,0.25 mmol)於乙醇(10 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (200 mg)。在氫(氣球)氣氛下在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌1 h。使該反應混合物濾過矽藻土並在減壓下濃縮濾液以產生磷酸二氫2-(4-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)-2-甲基 -4-側氧基丁-2-基)-3,5-二甲基苯酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.22 (br s, 1H), 8.47 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.62 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (br s, 1H), 7.15 (t, J = 10.9 Hz, 1H), 6.82-6.95 (m, 3H), 4.49 (br s, 2H), 3.85-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.66 (br s, 1H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.60 (m, 4H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 1.90 (s, 4H), 1.80 (s, 6H), 1.23 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H)。針對C47
H48
F7
N4
O5
P[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:913.3,實測值:913.3。
實例59:磷酸二氫2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并-[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-1-基)-2-甲基-4-側氧基丁-2-基)-3,5-二甲基苯酯之合成
在-78℃下向2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-3-(6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-4-基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(150 mg,0.27 mmol)於THF (5 mL)中之溶液添加於THF中之1M LiHMDS (0.43 mL,0.43 mmol)。攪拌30 min後,在-78℃下添加3-(2-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)-4,6-二甲基苯基)-3-甲基丁酸(異丁基碳酸)酐(193 mg,0.33 mmol)於THF (2.5 mL)中之溶液並攪拌1 h。將該混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌2 h。反應完成後,添加飽和NH4
Cl溶液,及該混合物用EtOAc萃取。組合有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(10至40% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生(2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基)-4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)-2-甲基-4-側氧基丁-2-基)-3,5-二甲基苯基)磷酸二苯甲酯。
在室溫下向所得之磷酸鹽(120 mg,0.12 mmol)於乙醇(5 mL)中之溶液添加10% Pd/C (100 mg)。在氫(氣球)氣氛下在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌1 h。使該反應混合物濾過矽藻土並在減壓下濃縮濾液以產生磷酸二氫2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-5-(5-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2-基) -4,5,6,7-四氫-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-6-氟-7-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基) -2-甲基-4-側氧基丁-2-基)-3,5-二甲基苯酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 8.74 (br s, 2H), 7.89 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.21 (br s, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.46-6.50 (m, 2H), 4.76 (bs, 2H), 4.25-4.45 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 6H), 2.91 (br s, 2H), 2.46 (br s, 5H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.65-2.05 (m, 4H), 0.80-1.20 (m, 6H)。針對C43
H45
F4
N6
O6
P[M+H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:849.31,實測值:849.2。
實例60:N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)-苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟-苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-膦醯氧基苯基)甲酯之合成
步驟a:在0℃下向二苯甲基-4-(羥甲基)苯基)磷酸鹽(3.56 g,9.24 mmol)於2.4 mL THF中之溶液添加二異丙基乙胺(2.98, 23.1 mmol)及三光氣(3.0 g,10.1 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌1 h後,添加NH4
OH (5.0 mL,41 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16 h,然後在真空中濃縮且所得殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(20至80% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)胺甲酸苯甲酯。針對C22
H22
NO6
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:428.1,實測值:428.1。
在0℃下向4-((雙(苯甲氧基)磷醯基)氧基)胺甲酸苯甲酯(700 mg,1.63 mmol)於二氯甲烷(12 mL)中之溶液添加草醯氯(0.3 g,2.45 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌1 h後,在50℃下將該混合物加熱16 h,然後在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物溶解於THF (2 mL)中並添加至4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯胺(150 mg,0.16 mmol)於THF (2 mL)中之溶液。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌5 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液)純化以產生N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-二苯甲氧基磷醯氧基-3-苯基)甲酯。
步驟b:向N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸4-二苯甲氧基磷醯氧基-3-苯基)甲酯(150 mg,0.14 mmol)於二氯甲烷(2 mL)中之溶液滴加TFA:CH2
Cl2
(2 mL)及H2
O (0.4 mL)之1:1混合物。在50℃下將該混合物加熱48 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係於HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)上純化以產生N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟-苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸(4-膦醯氧基苯基)甲酯。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 10.78 (s, 1H), 10.15 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.95-8.08 (m, 3H), 7.35-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.08-7.25 (m, 4H), 6.53 (dd, J = 6.7, 11.7 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 4.12 (br s, 2H), 3.65 (br s, 2H), 2.05-2.25 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 6H), 0.96 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H)。針對C41
H38
F8
N5
O7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:896.2,實測值:896.2。
實例61:N-((4-(5-((2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-4H-吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟-苯基)胺甲醯基)胺甲酸4-(苯甲氧基(羥基)磷醯基)氧基苯基)甲酯
實例60之步驟b亦產生實例61。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 10.79 (s, 1H), 10.14 (br s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.85- 8.10 (m, 3H), 7.25-7.40 (m, 7H), ), 7.20 (d, J = 22.2 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.53 (dd, J = 6.7, 11.4 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 4.99 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 4.12 (br s, 2H), 3.65 (br s, 2H), 2.10-2.25 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 6H), 0.96 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H)。針對C48
H44
F8
N5
O7
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:986.3,實測值:986.3。
實例62:N-((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基) -6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)-2-(二甲基胺基)乙醯胺之合成。
在室溫下向4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯胺(400 mg,0.64 mmol)於THF (5 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加異氰酸2-氯乙醯酯。攪拌16 h後,該混合物用H2
O淬滅並用EtOAc萃取。經組合之有機層用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮以產生N-((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)-2-氯乙醯胺。
在室溫下向上文形成之N-((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基) -2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)-2-氯乙醯胺(125 mg,0.17 mmol)於THF (5 mL)中之溶液添加二甲胺(0.35 mL,0.34 mmol)。將該反應混合物攪拌16 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由HPLC (H2
O/ACN,0.1% TFA)純化以產生N-((4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基 -2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)胺甲醯基)-2-(二甲基胺基)乙醯胺。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 11.3 (br s, 1H), 10.3 (br s, 1H), 9.85 (br s, 1H), 7.90-8.25 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.28 (m, 2H), 6.55-6.65 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.35 (m, 3H), 3.70 (br s, 2H), 2.83 (s, 6H), 2.17 (q, J = 8.2 Hz, 4H), 1.45 (s, 6H), 0.95 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H)。針對C37
H38
F8
N6
O2
P [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:751.3,實測值:751.2。
實例63:1-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-3-(吡咯啶-1-基甲基)脲之合成
步驟a:在0℃下向2-羥基乙酸(5.0 g,65.7 mmol)於二氯甲烷(100 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加咪唑(11.7 g,164.3 mmol)及TBSCl (19.7 g,131.4 mmol)。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌16 h。該反應混合物係以滴加飽和NaHCO3
水溶液淬滅並用二氯甲烷萃取。有機層用鹽水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。粗材料無需進一步純化即可直接用於下一步驟中。
在0℃下向2-第三丁基二甲基矽烷氧基乙酸(10.0 g,32.6 mmol)於50 mL二氯甲烷中之溶液添加草醯氯(8.23 g,65.3 mmol)。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌3 h,反應完成後,在減壓下移除溶劑並在真空下乾燥。粗材料可直接用於下一步驟中。
在室溫下向2-第三丁基二甲基矽烷氧基乙醯氯(5.0 g,15.4 mmol)於丙酮:H2
O之1:1混合物(30 mL)中之攪拌溶液添加NaN3
(2.5 g,38.5 mmol)並攪拌2 h。完成後,在減壓下移除溶劑及該混合物用EtOAc萃取。經組合之有機層用硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮以產生2-第三丁基二甲基矽烷氧基乙醯基疊氮化物。在室溫下將該疊氮化物(3.2 g 1.63 mmol)溶解於20 mL氯仿中並在80℃下將該混合物加熱2 h。在真空中移除溶劑且可直接用於下一步驟中。
將第三丁基(異氰酸基甲氧基)二甲基矽烷(0.56 g)溶解於THF (5 mL)中並添加至4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯胺(1.25 g,2.0 mmol)於THF (10 mL)中之溶液。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌5 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由矽膠管柱層析術(0至100% EtOAc之己烷溶液,含有1% Et3
N)純化以產生1-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-3-(((第三丁基二甲基矽基)氧基)甲基)脲。針對C40
H47
F8
N5
O2
Si [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:810.3,實測值:810.1。
步驟b:在0℃下向1-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-3-(((第三丁基二甲基矽基)氧基)甲基)脲(150 mg,0.19 mmol)於二氯甲烷(3 mL)中之溶液滴加TMSBr (84 mg,0.55 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌1 h,在真空中濃縮。將此材料溶解於二氯甲烷(4.0 mL)中並添加吡咯啶(65 mg,0.92 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌4 h,然後在真空中濃縮。殘餘物係藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生1-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-3-(吡咯啶-1-基甲基)脲。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.19 (d, J = 5.9, Hz, 1H), 8.00-8.10 (m, 3H), 7.42-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.35 (m, 2H), 6.45 (dd, J = 6.6, 11.7 Hz, 1H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 4.35-4.55 (m, 2H), 3.85-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.35 (m, 3H), 2.25 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 4H), 1.90-2.18 (m, 5H), 1.65 (s, 6H), 1.06 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 6H)。針對C38
H40
F8
N6
O [M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:749.3,實測值:749.2。
實例64:1-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-3-(羥甲基)脲之合成
步驟a:向1-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-3-(((第三丁基二甲基矽基)氧基)甲基)脲(200 mg,0.24 mmol)於二氯甲烷(1.4 mL)中之溶液滴加TMSBr (0.11 mL,0.86 mmol)。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌1 h,然後在真空中濃縮並藉由HPLC (MeCN/H2
O,含有0.1% TFA)純化以產生1-(4-(5-(2,4-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲基)-2-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-6,6-二甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑-3-基)-2,5-二氟苯基)-3-(羥甲基)脲。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
OD) δ 8.00-8.25 (m, 4H), 7.42-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.30 (m, 2H), 6.36-6.45 (m, 1H), 4.75 (br s, 1H), 4.40-4.70 (m, 5H), 2.25 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 4H), 1.80-1.95 (m, 6H), 1.04 (t, J = 3.5 Hz, 6H)。針對C34
H33
F8
N5
O2
[M + H]+
,MS: (ES) m/z計算值:696.3,實測值:696.3。
實例65
此實例闡述與本發明之特定化合物相關聯之生物活性之評估。材料及方法
細胞
C5a受體表現細胞
U937細胞
U937細胞係表現C5aR之單核細胞系及購買自ATCC (VA)。此等細胞係呈懸浮液培養於用2 mM L-麩醯胺酸、1.5 g/L碳酸氫鈉、4.5 g/L葡萄糖、10 mM HEPES、1 mM丙酮酸鈉及10% FBS補充之RPMI-1640培養基中。細胞係在5% CO2
/95%空氣,100%濕度在37℃下生長並以1:6 (細胞係以1 x 105
至2 x 106
個細胞/mL之密度範圍進行培養)每週兩次再次培養及以1 x 106
個細胞/mL收穫。在分析前,細胞用0.5 mM環AMP (Sigma, OH)處理整夜且在使用前清洗一次。經cAMP處理之U937細胞可用於C5aR配體結合及功能分析中。經分離之人類嗜中性白血球
視需要,人類或鼠科嗜中性白血球可用分析化合物活性。嗜中性白血球可使用密度分離及離心分離自新鮮人類血液。簡而言之,全血係用等份3%聚葡萄糖培養並容許分離45分鐘。分離後,頂層係分層於15 ml Ficoll之頂部上(15 ml Ficoll用於每30 ml血液懸浮液)並以400 x g無製制動離心30分鐘。然後分離於試管底部之集結粒並重懸浮於PharmLyse RBC裂解液(BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA)中,然後以400 x g及制動將樣本再次離心10分鐘。視需要,重懸浮剩餘之細胞集結粒且該細胞集結粒由經分離之嗜中性白血球組成。
分析
C5aR配體結合之抑制
離心表現C5aR之經cAMP處理之U937細胞並重懸浮於分析緩衝液(20 mM HEPES pH 7.1、140 mM NaCl、1 mM CaCl2
、5 mM MgCl2
,且含有0.1%牛血清白蛋白)中至3 x 106
個細胞/mL之濃度。如下設定結合分析。將0.1 mL細胞添加至含有5 µL化合物之分析盤,產生~2至10 μM各化合物之最終濃度用於篩選(或化合物IC50
測定之劑量反應之一部分)。然後添加稀釋於分析緩衝液中至~50 pM之最終濃度,產生每孔~30,000 cpm之0.1 mL125
I標記C5a (獲得自Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Boston, MA),將盤密封並在4℃下在振動器平臺上培養約3小時。將反應物吸送至預先浸泡於0.3%聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)溶液中,在真空細胞收集器(Packard Instruments; Meriden, CT)上之GF/B玻璃過濾器上。將閃爍液(40 μl;Microscint 20, Packard Instruments)添加至各孔,將盤密封並在Topcount閃爍計數器(Packard Instruments)中量測放射性。使用含有僅稀釋液(就總計數而言)或過量C5a (1 μg/mL,就非特異性結合而言)之對照孔以計算化合物之總抑制之百分率。使用來自GraphPad, Inc. (San Diego, Ca)之電腦程序Prism以計算IC50
值。IC50
值係彼等將經放射性標記之C5a對受體之結合減少50%所需之濃度。(就配體結合及其他功能分析之進一步描述而言,參見Dairaghi等人,J. Biol. Chem. 274:21569-21574 (1999)、Penfold等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:9839-9844 (1999)及Dairaghi等人,J. Biol. Chem. 272:28206-28209 (1997))。
鈣移動
視需要,可進一步分析化合物之抑制細胞中鈣通量之能力。為偵測鈣之細胞內儲存之釋放,細胞(例如,經cAMP刺激之U937或嗜中性白血球)用3 μM INDO-1AM染料(Molecular Probes; Eugene, OR)於細胞培養基中在室溫下培養45分鐘並用磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(PBS)清洗。在INDO-1AM裝載後,將細胞重懸浮於通量緩衝液(漢克平衡鹽溶液(HBSS)及1% FBS)中。鈣移動係使用具有於350 nm處之激發及於400 nm及490 nm處之螢光發射之雙重同步記錄之光子技術國際分光光度計(Photon Technology International; New Jersey)進行量測。相對細胞內鈣濃度係表示為400 nm/490 nm發射比率。實驗係在37℃下進行及在於2 mL通量緩衝液中各含有106
個細胞之比色皿中恆定混合。趨化介素配體可在1至100 nM之範圍內使用。發射比率係經時(通常2至3分鐘)繪製。候選配體阻斷化合物(多達10 μM)係於10秒時添加,接著於60秒時添加趨化介素(即,C5a;R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN)並於150秒時添加對照趨化介素(即,SDF-1α;R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN)。
趨化性分析
視需要,可進一步分析化合物抑制細胞之趨化性之能力。趨化性分析係使用5 μm經孔聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮塗覆之過濾器在96孔趨化性腔室(Neuroprobe; Gaithersburg, MD)中使用趨化性緩衝液(漢克平衡鹽溶液(HBSS)及1% FBS)進行。使用C5aR配體(即,C5a;R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN)以評估C5aR介導之遷移之經化合物介導之抑制。其他趨化介素(即,SDF-1α;R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN)係用作特異性對照。在下腔室中裝載29 μl趨化介素(即,0.03 nM C5a)及變化量之化合物;頂部腔室含有20 μl之100,000 U937或嗜中性白血球。該等腔室係在37℃下培養1.5小時,及下腔室中之細胞之數量藉由在每孔五個高功率場中直接細胞計數或藉由CyQuant分析(分子探針)、量測核酸含量及顯微觀察之螢光染料方法進行定量。
C5aR之抑制劑之識別
分析
為評估防止C5a受體結合配體之小有機分子,採用偵測放射性配體(即,C5a)結合至細胞表面上表現C5aR之細胞(例如,經cAMP刺激之U937細胞或經分離之人類嗜中性白血球)之分析。就抑制結合之化合物而言,無論是否為競爭性,當相較於未經抑制之對照時,均可見更少之放射性計數。
將同等數量之細胞添加至盤之各孔中。然後,該等細胞係用經放射性標記之C5a培養。未結合之配體係藉由清洗該等細胞移除,及結合之配體係藉由定量放射性計數測定。未用任何有機化合物培養之細胞給出總計數;非特異性結合係藉由用未經標記之配體及經標記之配體培養該等細胞進行測定。抑制百分率係由下式確定:
劑量反應曲線
為確定候選化合物對C5aR之親和力並證實其抑制配體結合之能力,抑制活性係在化合物濃度之1 x 10-10
至1 x 10-4
M範圍內滴定。在該分析中,化合物之量係變化;而細胞數量及配體濃度係保持恆定的。
活體內效用模型
受關注之化合物於治療由C5a介導之病症之潛在效用可藉由在動物模型中測定該化合物之效用進行評估。除下文描述之模型外,用於研究受關注之化合物之其他合適之動物模型可參見Mizuno, M.等人,Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2005), 14(7), 807-821,其係以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
由C5a誘導之白血球減少症之模型
人類C5aR敲入小鼠模型中由C5a誘導之白血球減少症
為研究本發明之化合物在動物模型中之效用,重組小鼠可使用標準技術產生,其中用於小鼠C5aR之基因序列編碼係經用於人類C5aR之序列編碼置換,以產生hC5aR-KI小鼠。在此小鼠中,hC5a之投與導致血管壁上黏附分子之上調,該等黏附分子結合血液白血球,將其等與血流隔離。動物係經投與20 ug/kg hC5a及1分鐘後,藉由標準技術定量外周血液中之白血球。用變化劑量之本發明之化合物預治療小鼠可幾乎完全阻斷由hC5a誘導之白血球減少症。
獼猴模型中由C5a誘導之白血球減少症
為研究本發明之化合物在非人類靈長類動物模型中之效用,由C5a誘導之白血球減少症係在獼猴模型中研究。在此模型中,hC5a之投與導致血管壁上黏附分子之上調,該等黏附分子結合血液白血球,因此將其等與血流隔離。動物係經投與10 ug/kg hC5a及1分鐘後,定量外周血液中之白血球。
由ANCA誘導之血管炎之小鼠模型
第0天,hC5aR-KI小鼠係經靜脈內注射50 mg/kg經純化之對髓過氧化物酶之抗體(Xiao等人,J. Clin. Invest. 110: 955-963 (2002))。向小鼠進一步給藥經口每日劑量之本發明之化合物或媒劑,歷時七天,然後處死小鼠並收集腎用於組織學檢查。當相較於經媒劑治療之動物時,腎切片之分析可顯示顯著減少腎小球中新月形及壞死性病變之數量及嚴重程度。
脈絡膜新生血管之小鼠模型
為研究本發明之化合物在治療年齡相關性黃斑變性(AMD)中之效用,hC5aR-KI小鼠之眼睛中之布魯赫膜係由雷射光凝術使其破裂(Nozika等人,PNAS 103: 2328-2333 (2006)。小鼠係用媒劑或每日經口或適當之玻璃體內劑量之本發明之化合物治療一至兩週。由雷射誘導之損害之修復及新生血管化係藉由組織學及血管造影術評估。
類風濕關節炎模型
破壞性關節炎之兔模型
為研究候選化合物對抑制兔對細菌膜組分脂多糖(LPS)之關節內注射之發炎反應之影響,使用破壞性關節炎之兔模型。此研究設計模擬關節炎中可見之破壞性關節炎。LPS之關節內注射引起特徵為細胞因子及趨化介素之釋放之急性發炎反應,該等細胞因子及趨化介素中之許多已在類風濕關節炎之關節中經識別。滑液及滑膜中出現白血球之顯著增加以回應於此等趨化性介體之升高。趨化介素受體之選擇性拮抗劑已在此模型中顯示效用(參見Podolin等人,J. Immunol. 169(11):6435-6444 (2002))。
兔LPS研究係基本上如Podolin等人描述進行,同上,雌性紐西蘭兔(約2公斤)係在單膝關節中用LPS (10 ng)與僅媒劑(具有1% DMSO之磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水)一起或添加候選化合物(劑量1 = 50 µM或劑量2 = 100 µM)以1.0 mL之總體積進行治療。在LPS注射後之十六小時,灌洗膝蓋並進行細胞計數。藉由滑膜發炎之組織病理學評估確定治療之有益效用。發炎評分係用於組織病理學評估:1-最小、2-輕度、3-中度、4-中度-顯著。
由膠原誘導之關節炎之大鼠模型中之化合物之評估
進行17天發展之II型膠原關節炎研究以評估候選化合物對由關節炎誘導之臨床踝關節腫脹之影響。大鼠膠原關節炎係多關節炎之實驗模型,其已廣泛用於許多抗關節炎藥劑之臨床前測試(參見Trentham等人,J. Exp. Med. 146(3):857-868 (1977)、Bendele等人,Toxicologic Pathol. 27:134-142 (1999)、Bendele等人,Arthritis Rheum. 42:498-506 (1999))。此模型之特徵係穩健,易於量測之多關節發炎之可靠發作及進展,標誌與血管翳形成相關之軟骨破壞及輕度至中度骨再吸收及骨膜骨增殖。
在此17天研究之第0天及第6天,雌性路易士大鼠(約0.2公斤)係用異氟烷麻醉並於尾部底部及背部上之兩個位點處注射弗氏不完全佐劑,其含有2 mg/mL牛II型膠原。候選化合物係以皮下方式自第0天直至第17天以有效劑量每日給藥。進行踝關節直徑之卡尺量測,並將減少關節腫脹作為效用之量度。
敗血症之大鼠模型
為研究受關注之化合物對抑制與敗血症樣疾病相關聯之全身發炎反應之影響,使用敗血症之盲腸結紮及穿刺(CLP)大鼠模型。大鼠CLP研究係基本上如Fujimura N等人,(American Journal Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 2000; 161: 440-446)中之描述進行。在此簡要描述,使體重在200至250 g之間的兩種性別之Wistar Albino大鼠在實驗前禁食十二個小時。使動物處於正常之12小時光照及黑暗週期中,並在實驗前12小時餵食標準大鼠食物。然後將動物分為四組;(i)兩個假手術組及(ii)兩個CLP組。將此等兩組(即,(i)及(ii))中之各者分為媒劑對照組及測試化合物組。敗血症係藉由CLP方法誘導。在短暫麻醉下,中線剖腹手術係使用最少之解剖進行並用3-0絲正好在回盲腸瓣膜下將盲腸結紮,因此維持腸之連續性。盲腸之抗黏連表面係在相距1cm之兩個位置處用18號針穿孔並輕輕擠壓盲腸直至擠出糞便物質。然後使腸返回腹部並閉合切口。在手術結束時,用生理鹽水,皮下給予3 ml/100 g體重,使所有大鼠恢復知覺。術後,大鼠被剝奪食物,但在接下來之16小時內可自由飲水,直到將其等處死。對假手術組進行剖腹手術並對盲腸進行操作但非結紮或穿孔。治療之有益效用係藉由組織及器官之組織病理學評分及肝功能、腎功能,及脂質過氧化之幾個關鍵指標之量測進行量測。為針對肝功能進行測試,量測天門冬胺酸轉胺酶(AST)及丙胺酸轉胺酶(ALT)。研究血尿素氮及肌酸酐濃度以評估腎功能。亦藉由ELISA分析促炎細胞因子(諸如TNF-α及IL-1β)之血清濃度。
實驗性狼瘡性腎炎之小鼠SLE模型。
為研究受關注之化合物對全身性紅斑狼瘡(SLE)之影響,使用MRL/lpr鼠科SLE模型。MRL/Mp-Tmfrsf6lpr/lpr
菌株(MRL/lpr)係常用之人類SLE之小鼠模型。為在此模型中測試化合物效用,以13週齡將雄性MRL/lpr小鼠在對照與C5aR拮抗劑組之間進行等分。然後在接下來之6週內,化合物或媒劑係經由滲透泵向動物投與以維持覆蓋及最小化對該等動物之應激作用。在疾病發作及進展之六週期間每隔兩週收集血清及尿液樣本。在此等小鼠之少數中,腎小球硬化症發展,導致動物死於腎衰竭。以死亡率作為腎衰竭之指標係量測標準中之一者且成功之治療將通常導致測試組中猝死之發病之延遲。另外,腎疾病之存在及程度亦可以血尿素氮(BUN)及蛋白尿量測連續地監測。組織及器官亦在19週時收穫並經組織病理學及免疫組織化學且基於組織損傷及細胞浸潤進行評分。
COPD之大鼠模型
在嚙齒動物模型中由煙霧誘導之氣道發炎可用以評估化合物於慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)中之效用。趨化介素之選擇性拮抗劑已在此模型中顯示效用(參見, Stevenson等人,Am. J. Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 288 L514-L522, (2005))。COPD之急性大鼠模型係如由Stevenson等人之描述進行。受關注之化合物係經由口服或IV給藥全身投與;或以霧化化合物局部投與。將雄性斯普拉格-杜勒大鼠(350至400 g)放置於有機玻璃腔室中並曝露於經由泵吸入之香煙煙霧(每30秒50 mL,期間有新鮮空氣)。大鼠係經曝露32分鐘之總週期。在初始曝露後7天內將大鼠處死。治療之任何有益效用係藉由炎性細胞浸潤之減少、趨化介素及細胞因子濃度之降低進行評估。
在慢性模型中,使小鼠及大鼠曝露於每日煙草煙霧曝露長達12個月。化合物係經由每天一次口服全身投與,或可能經由霧化化合物局部投與。除以急性模型(Stevensen等人)可見之發炎外,動物亦可顯示與人類COPD中可見之病理學相似之其他病理學,諸如肺氣腫(如由增加之平均線性截距指示)及經改變之肺化學(參見Martorana等人,Am. J. Respir. Crit Care Med. 172(7): 848-53。
多發性硬化症之小鼠EAE模型
實驗性自體免疫腦脊髓炎(EAE)係人類多發性硬化症之模型。該模型之變體已經公開,且為此領域中熟知。在一典型方案中,C57BL/6 (Charles River Laboratories)小鼠係用於EAE模型。第0天,小鼠係用在含有4 mg/ml結核分枝桿菌(Sigma-Aldrich)之完全弗氏佐劑(CFA)中經乳化之200 ug髓鞘少突膠質細胞醣蛋白(MOG) 35-55 (Peptide International)進行皮下免疫。另外,在第0天及在第2天,動物係經靜脈內給藥200 ng百日咳毒素(Calbiochem)。臨床評分係基於0至5之等級:0,無疾病之跡象;1,鬆弛之尾巴;2,後肢無力;3,後肢癱瘓;4,前肢無力或癱瘓;5,垂死。待評估之受關注之化合物之給藥可在第0天(預防性)或在第7天(治療性,當疾病之組織學證據存在但幾乎沒有動物呈現臨床跡象)開始及以適用於其等活性及藥物動力學性質之濃度每天一或多次給藥,例如,100 mg/kg皮下。化合物之效用可藉由比較嚴重程度(相較於媒劑,在化合物之存在下之最大平均臨床評分),或藉由量測分離自脊髓之巨噬細胞(F4/80陽性)數量之減少進行評估。脊髓單核細胞可經由不連續之Percoll梯度分離。細胞可使用大鼠抗小鼠F4/80-PE或大鼠IgG2b-PE (Caltag Laboratories)染色並使用每個樣本10 ul聚珠(Polysciences)藉由FACS分析定量。
腎移植之小鼠模型
移植模型可在小鼠中進行,例如自C57BL/6至BALB/c小鼠之同種異體腎移植之模型係描述於Faikah Gueler等人,JASN Express, Aug 27th, 2008中。簡而言之,將小鼠麻醉並用小腔靜脈袖口將左供體腎結合至主動脈及腎靜脈之袖口,且輸尿管移除阻滯。在接受者之左腎切除術後,血管袖口係在天然腎血管之水平下分別與接受者腹主動脈及腔靜脈吻合。輸尿管係直接吻合至膀胱內。冷局部缺血時間為60 min,及溫局部缺血時間為30 min。可在同種異體移植之同時或移植後第4天移除右天然腎用於長期存活研究。監測小鼠之一般身體狀況以獲得排斥之證據。動物之化合物治療可在手術前或移植後立即開始,例如,藉由每天一次分切注射。研究小鼠之腎功能及存活率。血清肌酸酐濃度係藉由自動化方法量測(Beckman Analyzer, Krefeld, Germany)。
局部缺血/再灌注之小鼠模型
局部缺血/再灌注損傷之小鼠模型可如由Xiufen Zheng等人,Am. J. Pathol,第173:4卷,Oct, 2008之描述進行。簡而言之,將6至8週齡之CD1小鼠麻醉並放置於加熱墊上以在手術期間維持溫暖。在腹部切口後,直接解剖腎蒂並將微血管鉗放置於左腎蒂上,歷時25至30分鐘。局部缺血後,將夾子連同右腎一起取出,縫合切口,且容許使動物恢復。收集血液用於血清肌酸酐及BUN分析作為腎健康之指標。或者,經時監測動物存活。可在手術之前及/或之後向動物投與化合物,及將對血清肌酸酐、BUN或動物存活之影響用作化合物效用之指標。
腫瘤生長之小鼠模型
對6至16週齡之C57BL / 6隻小鼠於右側或左側後肋皮下注射1×105
個TC-1細胞(ATCC,VA)。在細胞注射後約2週開始,每隔2至4天用卡尺量測腫瘤直至腫瘤大小需將小鼠殺死。在處死同時,對動物進行完全屍檢並移除脾及腫瘤。量測經切除之腫瘤並稱重。可在腫瘤注射之前及/或之後投與化合物,且腫瘤生長之延遲或抑制用以評估化合物效用。
在如實例65中描述之使用U937細胞之趨化性分析中,中間物1至4係有效之C5aR拮抗劑且IC50
為≤5 nM。實例1至64之表徵資料係提供於表1 (下表)中。
表1:特定實施例之結構、表徵資料
用於測定表1中滯留時間之逆相HPLC條件:
管柱:ZORBAX (SB-C18 2.1 x 50 mm, 5 μm)
流動相A:95% H2
O、5% MeCN (具有0.1%甲酸)
流動相B:5% H2
O、95% MeCN (具有0.1%甲酸)
流動速率:1.0 mL/min
梯度:20至100% B,於5.5 min內(方法A)
0至100% B,於4.5 min內(方法B)
0至100% B,於5.5 min內(方法C)
大鼠中之靜脈內注射
體重在0.22至0.25 Kg之間之雄性大鼠係購買自Charles River Laboratories (Hollister, Calif.)並在使用前適應環境。所有化合物均在溶液調配物中製備並通過靜脈內給藥向動物投與。實例1及實例4之化合物係製備於31.6%DMA/36.8%EtOH/31.6%PG中且各動物接受1 mL/Kg。在劑量前、劑量後第2、第5、第10、第15及第30分鐘、第1、2、4、6及8小時,通過頸靜脈或心臟穿刺(僅用於終點)採樣血液(0.2 mL)用於靜脈內給藥。將血液樣本收集至含有EDTA鉀作為抗凝血劑之經冷凍之聚丙烯管中並通過離心(Eppendorf Centrifuge 5417R)在10,000 rpm及4℃下收集血漿,歷時6分鐘並儲存在-20℃下直至分析。
在線性振盪器上血漿樣本(50 μL)係用含有內標之200 μL乙腈提取10 min及然後在4450 rpm下在4℃下離心10 min。(Allegra X-15R離心機,Beckman Coulter, Inc., Fullerton, Calif.)。將100 μL所得之上清液轉移至新盤中並與100 μL 0.1%甲酸於水中混合用於LC-MS/MS分析。如由圖1及2闡述,在雄性大鼠中,大量活性藥物係在靜脈內注射兩種化合物後釋放。
儘管本文描述本發明之特定實施例,但一經閱讀本說明書,本文揭示之實施例之變化對從事此領域之個體而言可變得顯而易見,且預期彼等熟習技工可視需要採用此等變化。因此,希望本發明可以不同於如本文特定描述以外之方式實踐,且本發明包括由適用法律允許之其隨附申請專利範圍中列舉之標的之所有修改及等同物。此外,除非本文另有指示或與內文明顯矛盾,否則本發明包含上文描述之要素以其所有可能之變更之任何組合。
本說明書中引用之所有公開案、專利申請案、登錄號及其他參考文獻係以引用之方式併入本文中,其引用程度就如同將各個別公開案或專利申請案明確且個別地以引用之方式併入本文中。
圖1顯示活性化合物中間物4自實例1之化合物之釋放(0.5 mg/kg莫耳當量,AUC= 4,160 ng.hr/mL)。
圖2顯示活性化合物中間物1自實例4之化合物之釋放(0.5 mg/kg莫耳當量,AUC=753 ng.hr/mL)。
Claims (29)
- 一種如式(IA)、(IB)、(IC)、(IIA)、(IIB)或(IIC)中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中P1係選自由以下組成之群:-CH2OH、-P(O)(OR10)2及-CH2-O-P(O)(OR10)2,其中各R10獨立地選自由以下組成之群:H、C1-3烷基、苯基及苯甲基。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中P1係選自由以下組成之群:胺基酸、二肽及三肽。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中該胺基酸、二肽或三肽部分係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:甘胺酸、丙胺酸、纈胺酸、白胺酸、異白胺酸、離胺酸、半胱胺酸、天門冬胺酸、麩胺酸、組胺酸及苯丙胺酸,其中各胺基酸單元之N原子可甲基化或醯化。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1係具有1至4個選自N、O及S之雜原子作為環頂點之6員雜芳基;及其中基團-X1-R1係視需要經1至4個Rx取代基取代。
- 如請求項8之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1係選自由以下組成之群:吡啶基、嘧啶基、及吡嗪基;且其中基團-X1-R1係視需要經1至4個Rx取代基取代。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1係C6-10芳基;且其中基團-X1-R1係視需要經1至4個Rx取代基取代。
- 如請求項10之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1係苯基;且其 中基團-X1-R1係視需要經1至4個Rx取代基取代。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1係選自由以下組成之群:苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基及吡嗪基;且其中基團-X1-R1係視需要經1至4個Rx取代基取代。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中(i)環頂點a及b係CH;及R2a及R2e係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6鹵烷基、-O-C1-6鹵烷基、-S-C1-6烷基、-C1-6烷基-O-C1-6烷基、-C1-6烷基-S-C1-6烷基、CN及鹵素;或(ii)其中環頂點a及b係CH;及R2a及R2e係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基及鹵素。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中(i)n係0、1或2,及各R5係選自由以下組成之群:F、Cl、CN、C1-4烷基及C1-4烷氧基;或(ii)其中n係0、1或2,及各R5係選自由以下組成之群:F、Cl、CN、CH3及OCH3;或(iii)其中m係0、1或2,及各R3係C1-4烷基。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1係選自由以下組成之群:苯基或吡啶基,其中基團-X1-R1係視需要經1至4個Rx取代基取代;環頂點a及b係CH及R2a及R2e係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-6烷 基、C1-6烷氧基及鹵素;m係0、1或2,及各R3當存在時係CH3;n係0、1或2,及各R5當存在時係選自由以下組成之群:F、Cl、CN、CH3及OCH3。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中n係0。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中n係2,及兩個R3基團係在相同碳原子上且合併形成側氧基(=O)。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至27中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 一種如請求項1至27中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽或如請求項28之醫藥組合物之用途,其用於製備用於治療選自由以下組成之群之疾病或病症:華格納氏(Wegener’s)肉芽腫病、顯微多血管炎、C3-腎小球疾病、C3-腎小球腎炎、密度沈積病(dense deposit disease)、非典型溶血性尿毒症候群(aHUS)、全身性紅斑狼瘡、狼瘡性腎炎、狼瘡性腎小球腎炎、ANCA血管炎、及化膿性汗腺炎。
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- 2019-04-01 BR BR112020019822-6A patent/BR112020019822A2/pt unknown
- 2019-04-01 KR KR1020207031483A patent/KR20200139751A/ko active Search and Examination
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- 2019-04-01 CN CN201980024914.2A patent/CN111954525B/zh active Active
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JP7337833B2 (ja) | 2023-09-04 |
EP3773563B1 (en) | 2024-10-16 |
IL277608A (en) | 2020-11-30 |
CN111954525A (zh) | 2020-11-17 |
IL277608B2 (en) | 2023-09-01 |
AU2019246969A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
MX2020010390A (es) | 2021-01-15 |
MA52245A (fr) | 2021-04-28 |
AR114464A1 (es) | 2020-09-09 |
EP3773563A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
IL277608B1 (en) | 2023-05-01 |
US11608336B2 (en) | 2023-03-21 |
US20210052612A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
KR20200139751A (ko) | 2020-12-14 |
RU2020135500A (ru) | 2022-05-05 |
US20190300526A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
NZ768284A (en) | 2024-04-26 |
WO2019195159A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
BR112020019822A2 (pt) | 2021-03-16 |
CA3095184A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
EP3773563A4 (en) | 2021-12-29 |
SG11202009588PA (en) | 2020-10-29 |
TW202002966A (zh) | 2020-01-16 |
JP2021519794A (ja) | 2021-08-12 |
CN111954525B (zh) | 2023-12-26 |
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