TWI816070B - 抗靜電劑、抗靜電性樹脂組成物及成形品 - Google Patents
抗靜電劑、抗靜電性樹脂組成物及成形品 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI816070B TWI816070B TW109142615A TW109142615A TWI816070B TW I816070 B TWI816070 B TW I816070B TW 109142615 A TW109142615 A TW 109142615A TW 109142615 A TW109142615 A TW 109142615A TW I816070 B TWI816070 B TW I816070B
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- antistatic
- amide
- acid
- antistatic agent
- forming monomer
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- UZZYXUGECOQHPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid monooctyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O UZZYXUGECOQHPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003986 tuaminoheptane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCN QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQTMTQZSOJMZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N urushiol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O DQTMTQZSOJMZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003953 γ-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003954 δ-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明之目的為提供一種對熱塑性樹脂賦予優異之抗靜電性的抗靜電劑。本發明之抗靜電劑係含有具有聚醯胺(a)之嵌段與親水性聚合物(b)之嵌段作為構成單元的嵌段聚合物(A)及醯胺形成性單體(c)而成,上述醯胺形成性單體(c)與上述嵌段聚合物(A)之重量比[醯胺形成性單體(c)/嵌段聚合物(A)]為2/98~12/88。
Description
本發明係關於一種抗靜電劑、抗靜電性樹脂組成物及成形品。
以往,作為對絕緣性高之熱塑性樹脂賦予抗靜電性的方法,一般使用抗靜電劑。而作為使用抗靜電劑賦予抗靜電性之方法,已知有將少量為高分子型抗靜電劑之聚醚酯醯胺(例如,參照專利文獻1)揉進樹脂中的方法。
然而,即使於上述揉進高分子型抗靜電劑之方法,亦無法稱得上可充分滿足抗靜電性。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開平08-12755號公報
[發明所欲解決之問題]
本發明之目的在於提供一種對熱塑性樹脂賦予優異之抗靜電性的抗靜電劑。
[解決問題之技術手段]
本發明人等為了達成上述目的,經進行研究之結果,而完成了本發明。亦即,本發明為一種抗靜電劑(Z)、含有上述抗靜電劑(Z)與熱塑性樹脂(E)而成之抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y)及將上述抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y)成形而得之成形品,該抗靜電劑(Z)係含有具有聚醯胺(a)之嵌段與親水性聚合物(b)之嵌段作為構成單元的嵌段聚合物(A)及醯胺形成性單體(c)而成,上述醯胺形成性單體(c)與上述嵌段聚合物(A)之重量比[醯胺形成性單體(c)/嵌段聚合物(A)]為2/98~12/88。
[發明之效果]
本發明之抗靜電劑(Z)達成以下之效果。
(1)賦予優異之抗靜電性。
(2)對成形品賦予優異之機械強度(機械物性)。
(3)成形時之連續成形性(模具抗污性、脫模性)優異。
<聚醯胺(a)>
本發明中之聚醯胺(a)可舉醯胺形成性單體(a0)經開環聚合或聚縮合者。
作為醯胺形成性單體(a0),可列舉內醯胺(a01)、胺基羧酸(a02)。又,亦可將二胺(a03)與二羧酸(a04)之組合作為醯胺形成性單體(a0)。
具體而言,作為聚醯胺(a),可列舉內醯胺(a01)、胺基羧酸(a02)經開環聚合或聚縮合者,及二胺(a03)與二羧酸(a04)之聚縮合物等。
作為內醯胺(a01),可舉碳數[以下,有時簡寫為C]4~20之內醯胺(γ-內醯胺、δ-內醯胺、ε-己內醯胺、庚內醯胺(enantholactam)、辛內醯胺(capryllactam)、ω-十二內醯胺(ω-laurolactam)及十一內醯胺(undecanolactam)等)等。
作為內醯胺(a01)之開環聚合物,例如可列舉耐綸4、耐綸5、耐綸6、耐綸7、耐綸8、耐綸11及耐綸12。
作為胺基羧酸(a02),可舉C6~12之胺基羧酸(例如ω-胺己酸、ω-胺庚酸、ω-胺辛酸、ω-胺壬酸、ω-胺癸酸、11-胺十一酸、12-胺十二酸及此等之混合物等)等。
作為二胺(a03),可舉C2~40之二胺,例如脂肪族、脂環式及芳香(脂肪)族二胺以及此等之混合物。
作為脂肪族二胺,可舉C2~40之脂肪族二胺(例如乙二胺、丙二胺、六亞甲二胺、癸二胺、1,12-十二烷二胺、1,18-十八烷二胺及1,20-二十烷二胺等)等。
作為脂環式二胺,可舉C5~40之脂環式二胺(例如1,3-或1,4-環己烷二胺、異佛酮二胺、4,4’-二胺基環己基甲烷及2,2-雙(4-胺基環己基)丙烷等)等。
作為芳香族二胺,可舉C6~40之芳香族二胺(例如對苯二胺、2,4-或2,6-甲苯二胺及2,2-雙(4,4’-二胺基苯基)丙烷等)等。
作為芳香脂肪族二胺,可舉C7~20之芳香脂肪族二胺(例如伸茬基二胺、雙(胺乙基)苯、雙(胺丙基)苯及雙(胺丁基)苯等)等。
作為二羧酸(a04),可舉C2~40之二羧酸,例如脂肪族二羧酸、含芳香環二羧酸、脂環式二羧酸、此等二羧酸之衍生物〔例如酸酐、低級(C1~4)烷酯及二羧酸鹽[例如,鹼金屬鹽(例如鋰鹽、鈉鹽及鉀鹽)]〕及此等之2種以上的混合物等。
作為脂肪族二羧酸,可舉C2~40(從抗靜電性之觀點,較佳為C4~20,更佳為C6~12)之脂肪族二羧酸(例如琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、栓酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一烷二酸、十二烷二酸、順丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸及伊康酸等)等。
作為含芳香環二羧酸,可舉C8~40(從抗靜電性之觀點,較佳為C8~16,更佳為C8~14)之含芳香環二羧酸(例如鄰苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸、2,6-或2,7-萘二羧酸、聯苯-4,4’-二羧酸、二苯氧乙烷二羧酸、甲伸苯基二羧酸、伸茬基二羧酸及5-磺酸基間苯二甲酸鹼金屬(同上)鹽等)等。
作為脂環式二羧酸,可舉C5~40(從抗靜電性之觀點,較佳為C6~18,更佳為C8~14)之脂環式二羧酸(例如環丙烷二羧酸、1,4-環己烷二羧酸、環己烯二羧酸、二環己基-4,4’-二羧酸及莰二酸等)等。
上述醯胺形成性單體(a0)之中,從抗靜電性之觀點,較佳者為ε-己內醯胺、12-胺十二酸,又,亦較佳將己二酸與六亞甲二胺加以組合形成為醯胺形成性單體(a0)。
又,聚醯胺(a)較佳為具有超過1×1011
Ω・cm之體積固有電阻值的聚合物。
另,本發明中之體積固有電阻值為依照ASTM D257(1984年),於23℃,50%RH之環境下測定所得到的數值。
作為聚醯胺(a)之製法,可舉於分子量調節劑之存在下使上述醯胺形成性單體(a0)開環聚合或者聚縮合的方法等。作為分子量調節劑,可使用二胺或二羧酸之任一者。作為二胺、二羧酸,分別可使用作為上述二胺(a03)(C2~40,較佳為C4~20)、上述二羧酸(a04)(C2~40,較佳為C4~20)之上述化合物1種或2種以上。
關於上述分子量調節劑之使用量,基於醯胺形成性單體(a0)與分子量調節劑之合計重量,從抗靜電性之觀點,較佳為2~80重量%,更佳為4~75重量%。
關於聚醯胺(a)之數量平均分子量[以下簡寫為Mn。測定係藉由凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)法進行。],從抗靜電性及成形性之觀點,較佳為200~5,000,更佳為500~4,000,尤佳為800~3,000。
本發明中之聚合物的Mn,可使用凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)以下述條件進行測定。
裝置(一例):「HLC-8120」[東曹股份有限公司製]
管柱(一例):「TSKgelGMHXL」[東曹股份有限公司製](2支)
「TSKgelMultiporeHXL-M」[東曹股份有限公司製](1支)
試樣溶液:0.3重量%之鄰二氯苯溶液
溶液注入量:100μl
流量:1ml/分
測定溫度:135℃
檢測裝置:折射率檢測器
基準物質:標準聚苯乙烯(TSKstandardPOLYSTYRENE)12個(分子量:500、1,050、2,800、5,970、9,100、18,100、37,900、96,400、190,000、355,000、1,090,000、2,890,000)[東曹股份有限公司製]
<親水性聚合物(b)>
作為本發明中之親水性聚合物(b),可舉日本特許第3488163號記載之親水性聚合物,具體而言,可舉聚醚(b1)、含聚醚之親水性聚合物(b2)等。從抗靜電性及樹脂物性之觀點,較理想者為聚醚(b1)。
作為聚醚(b1),可舉聚醚二醇(b1-1)、聚醚二胺(b1-2)及此等之改質物(b1-3)。
作為聚醚二醇(b1-1),可舉使環氧烷(alkylene oxide)(以下簡寫為AO。)與二醇(b0)進行加成反應而得者,具體而言,可舉通式(1)所表示者。
H-(OR1
)a
-O-E1
-O-(R2
O)b
-H (1)
通式(1)中之E1
為從二醇(b0)經去除全部羥基而得之殘基。
通式(1)中之R1
及R2
分別獨立地為碳數2~4之伸烷基(alkylene)、碳數5~12之伸烷基、苯乙烯基及氯甲基。作為碳數2~4之伸烷基,可舉伸乙基、1,2-或1,3-伸丙基及1,2-、1,3-、1,4-或2,3-伸丁基等。
通式(1)中之a及b為(OR1
)及(R2
O)之平均加成莫耳數,分別獨立地為1~300,較佳為2~250,更佳為10~100。
通式(1)中之a、b分別為2以上之情形時的R1
、R2
可相同,亦可不同,(OR1
)a
、(R2
O)b
部分可為隨機鍵結,亦可為嵌段鍵結。
作為二醇(b0),可舉碳數2~12之脂肪族二元醇、碳數5~12之脂環式二元醇、碳數6~18之芳香族二元醇及含三級胺基之二醇等。
作為碳數2~12之脂肪族二元醇,可舉乙二醇(以下簡寫為EG。)、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇及1,12-十二烷二醇。
作為碳數5~12之脂環式二元醇,可舉1,4-二(羥甲基)環己烷及1,5-二(羥甲基)環庚烷等。
作為碳數6~18之芳香族二元醇,可舉單環芳香族二元醇(伸茬基二醇、對苯二酚、兒茶酚、間苯二酚及漆酚等)及多環芳香族二元醇(雙酚A、雙酚F、雙酚S、4,4’-二羥基二苯基-2,2-丁烷、二羥基聯苯、二羥基萘及聯萘酚等)等。
作為含三級胺基之二醇,可舉碳數1~12之脂肪族或脂環式一級胺(甲胺、乙胺、環丙胺、1-丙胺、2-丙胺、戊胺、異戊胺、環戊胺、己胺、環己胺、庚胺、壬胺、癸胺、十一胺及十二胺等)的雙羥基烷基化物及碳數6~12之芳香族一級胺(苯胺及苄胺等)的雙羥基烷基化物。
此等之中,從與雙羥基烷基化物之反應性的觀點,作為二醇(b0)較佳者為碳數2~12之脂肪族二元醇及碳數6~18之芳香族二元醇,更佳者為EG及雙酚A。
聚醚二醇(b1-1)可藉由使AO與二醇(b0)進行加成反應來製造。
作為AO,可使用碳數2~4之AO[環氧乙烷(以下簡寫為EO。),1,2-或1,3-環氧丙烷,1,2-、1,3-、1,4-或2,3-環氧丁烷,及此等之2種以上的併用系統],亦可視需要,以少量之比例(基於AO之總重量,為30重量%以下)併用其他的AO[碳數5~12之α-烯烴氧化物、氧化苯乙烯及表鹵醇(epihalohydrin)(表氯醇等)等]。
併用2種以上之AO時的鍵結形式可為隨機鍵結、嵌段鍵結之任一種。作為AO較佳者為EO單獨及EO與其他AO之併用。
AO之加成反應可藉由公知之方法,例如於鹼觸媒之存在下,以100~200℃之溫度進行。
基於通式(1)所表示之聚醚二醇(b1-1)重量的(OR1
)a
及(R2
O)b
之含有率,較佳為5~99.8重量%,更佳為8~99.6重量%,尤佳為10~98重量%。
基於通式(1)中之(OR1
)a
及(R2
O)b
重量的氧伸乙基之含有率,較佳為5~100重量%,更佳為10~100重量%,尤佳為50~100重量%,最佳為60~100重量%。
作為聚醚二醇(b1-1),較佳為雙酚A之EO加成物及聚乙二醇。
作為聚醚二胺(b1-2),可舉通式(2)所表示者。
H2
N-R3
-(OR4
)c
-O-E2
-O-(R5
O)d
-R6
-NH2
(2)
通式(2)中之E2
為從二醇(b0)經去除全部羥基而得之殘基。
作為二醇(b0),可舉與上述聚醚二醇(b1-1)所例示者相同者,較佳之範圍亦相同。
通式(2)中之R3
、R4
、R5
及R6
分別獨立地為碳數2~4之伸烷基、碳數5~12之伸烷基、苯乙烯基及氯甲基。作為碳數2~4之伸烷基,可舉與例示作為通式(1)中之R1
及R2
者相同者。
通式(2)中之c及d為(OR4
)及(R5
O)之平均加成莫耳數,分別獨立地為1~300,較佳為2~250,更佳為10~100。
通式(2)中之c、d分別為2以上之情形時的R4
、R5
可相同,亦可不同,(OR4
)c
、(R5
O)d
部分可為隨機鍵結,亦可為嵌段鍵結。
關於聚醚二胺(b1-2),可藉由將聚醚二醇(b1-1)所具有之全部羥基轉化為烷胺基而得。例如可藉由使聚醚二醇(b1-1)與丙烯腈反應,然後對所得到之氰乙基化物進行氫化,來加以製造。
作為改質物(b1-3),可舉聚醚二醇(b1-1)或聚醚二胺(b1-2)之胺基羧酸改質物(末端胺基)、異氰酸酯改質物(末端異氰酸基)及環氧改質物(末端環氧基)等。
關於胺基羧酸改質物,可藉由使聚醚二醇(b1-1)或聚醚二胺(b1-2)與胺基羧酸或內醯胺反應而得。
關於異氰酸酯改質物,可藉由使聚醚二醇(b1-1)或聚醚二胺(b1-2)與聚異氰酸酯反應,或使聚醚二胺(b1-2)與二氯化羰反應而得。
而關於環氧改質物,可藉由使聚醚二醇(b1-1)或聚醚二胺(b1-2)與二環氧化合物(二環氧丙基醚、二環氧丙基酯及脂環式二環氧化合物等環氧樹脂:環氧當量85~600)反應,或使聚醚二醇(b1-1)與表鹵醇(表氯醇等)反應而得。
關於親水性聚合物(b)之Mn,從耐熱性及與聚醯胺(a)之反應性的觀點,較佳為150~20,000,更佳為300~18,000,尤佳為1,000~15,000,最佳為1,200~8,000。
<嵌段聚合物(A)>
本發明之抗靜電劑(Z)中的嵌段聚合物(A),具有上述聚醯胺(a)之嵌段與親水性聚合物(b)之嵌段作為構成單元。構成嵌段聚合物(A)之聚醯胺(a)及親水性聚合物(b)分別可為1種或2種以上。
嵌段聚合物(A)之中,從抗靜電性之觀點,較佳者為親水性聚合物(b)為聚醚(b1)之聚醚酯醯胺。
從抗靜電性及耐水性之觀點,構成嵌段聚合物(A)之聚醯胺(a)的嵌段與親水性聚合物(b)的嵌段之重量比[聚醯胺(a)/親水性聚合物(b)]較佳為10/90~80/20,更佳為20/80~75/25。
構成嵌段聚合物(A)之聚醯胺(a)的嵌段與親水性聚合物(b)的嵌段鍵結而成之構造,包含(a)-(b)型、(a)-(b)-(a)型、(b)-(a)-(b)型及[(a)-(b)]n型(n表示平均重複數。)。
作為嵌段聚合物(A)之構造,從導電性之觀點,較佳為聚醯胺(a)與親水性聚合物(b)重複交互鍵結而成之[(a)-(b)]n型者。
從抗靜電性及機械強度(機械物性)之觀點,[(a)-(b)]n型之構造中的n較佳為2~50,更佳為2.3~30,尤佳為2.7~20,最佳為3~10。n可藉由嵌段聚合物(A)之Mn及1
H-NMR分析而求得。
從後述之成形品的機械強度(機械物性)及抗靜電性之觀點,嵌段聚合物(A)之Mn較佳為2,000~100,000,更佳為5,000~60,000,尤佳為10,000~40,000。
當嵌段聚合物(A)具有聚醯胺(a)之嵌段與親水性聚合物(b)之嵌段透過酯鍵、醯胺鍵、醚鍵或醯亞胺鍵鍵結之構造的情形時,可藉由下述方法製造。
上述鍵結之中,從工業之觀點,較佳者為酯鍵、醯胺鍵。
可舉下述方法:將聚醯胺(a)與親水性聚合物(b)投入反應容器,於攪拌下,以反應溫度100~250℃,壓力0.003~0.1MPa,將於醯胺化反應、酯化反應或醯亞胺化反應所生成之水(以下簡寫為生成水。)去除至反應系統外,且同時使之反應1~50小時。從抗靜電性及耐水性之觀點,使用於反應之聚醯胺(a)與親水性聚合物(b)的重量比[聚醯胺(a)/親水性聚合物(b)]為10/90~80/20,更佳為20/80~75/25。
於酯化反應之情形時,為了促進反應,較佳基於聚醯胺(a)及親水性聚合物(b)之合計重量,使用0.05~0.5重量%之觸媒。作為觸媒,可舉無機酸(硫酸及鹽酸等)、有機磺酸(甲磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、二甲苯磺酸及萘磺酸等)、銻觸媒(三氧化二銻等)、錫觸媒(單丁基氧化錫及二丁基氧化錫等)、鈦觸媒(鈦酸四丁酯、雙三乙醇胺鈦酸酯及草酸鈦酸鉀等)、鋯觸媒(鋯酸四丁酯、乙酸氧鋯等)及鋅觸媒(乙酸鋅等)等。當使用了觸媒之情形時,於酯化反應結束後,可視需要中和觸媒,以吸附劑進行處理,將觸媒去除、精製。
將生成水去除至反應系統外之方法,可舉以下之方法。
(1)使用與水不相容之有機溶劑(例如甲苯、二甲苯及環己烷等),於回流下,使有機溶劑與生成水共沸,而僅將生成水去除至反應系統外之方法。
(2)將載體氣體(例如空氣、氮、氦、氬及二氧化碳等)吹入反應系統內,將生成水與載體氣體一起去除至反應系統外之方法。
(3)對反應系統內進行減壓,將生成水去除至反應系統外之方法。
<醯胺形成性單體(c)>
作為醯胺形成性單體(c),可舉與上述醯胺形成性單體(a0)相同者。亦即,作為該醯胺形成性單體(c),可舉內醯胺(a01)、胺基羧酸(a02)。又,亦可將二胺(a03)與二羧酸(a04)之組合作為醯胺形成性單體(c)。如後述,若使醯胺形成性單體(a0)反應而得到聚醯胺(a)後,存在未反應之醯胺形成性單體(a0),則可此未反應之醯胺形成性單體(a0)作為醯胺形成性單體(c)。
上述醯胺形成性單體(c)之中,從連續成形性(模具抗污性、脫模性)之觀點,較佳者為內醯胺(a01)、胺基羧酸(a02),更佳者為內醯胺(a01),尤佳者為碳數6~12之內醯胺。
<抗靜電劑(Z)>
本發明之抗靜電劑(Z),係含有上述嵌段聚合物(A)與醯胺形成性單體(c)而成。上述醯胺形成性單體(c)與上述嵌段聚合物(A)之重量比[醯胺形成性單體(c)/嵌段聚合物(A)]為2/98~12/88,較佳為3/97~10/90,更佳為4/96~8/92。
上述重量比[醯胺形成性單體(c)/嵌段聚合物(A)]若未達2/98,則脫模性、抗靜電性差,而若超過12/88,則模具抗污性、機械強度(機械物性)差。
為了提升抗靜電性,抗靜電劑(Z)亦可進一步含有後述之咪唑鎓鹽(imidazolium salt)(S)。
上述咪唑鎓鹽(S)之重量,基於上述醯胺形成性單體(c)與嵌段聚合物(A)之合計重量,從抗靜電性及連續性成形性之觀點,較佳為1~10重量%,更佳為2~8重量%,尤佳為3~6重量%。
抗靜電劑(Z)例如可藉由下述(1)~(3)之任一方法製造。
(1)使醯胺形成性單體(a0)反應,而得到聚醯胺(a)。此處,藉由適當殘留醯胺形成性單體(a0),以得到聚醯胺(a)與醯胺形成性單體(c)之混合物。使此混合物與親水性聚合物(b)反應,而得到含有嵌段聚合物(A)與醯胺形成性單體(c)之抗靜電劑(Z)。視需要,將咪唑鎓鹽(S)與含有嵌段聚合物(A)及醯胺形成性單體(c)者加以混合。
(2)使醯胺形成性單體(a0)反應,而得到聚醯胺(a)。使聚醯胺(a)與親水性聚合物(b)反應,而得到嵌段聚合物(A)。進一步添加醯胺形成性單體(c),而得到含有嵌段聚合物(A)與醯胺形成性單體(c)之抗靜電劑(Z)。視需要,將咪唑鎓鹽(S)與含有嵌段聚合物(A)及醯胺形成性單體(c)者加以混合。
(3)使醯胺形成性單體(a0)反應,而得到聚醯胺(a)。使聚醯胺(a)與親水性聚合物(b)反應,而得到嵌段聚合物(A)。並且,將醯胺形成性單體(c)與咪唑鎓鹽(S)之混合物與嵌段聚合物(A)加以混合。
上述(1)~(3)之中,當含有咪唑鎓鹽(S)之情形時,較佳為(3)之方法。
<咪唑鎓鹽(S)>
本發明中之咪唑鎓鹽(S)係由後述之咪唑鎓陽離子與陰離子構成。
作為上述構成咪唑鎓鹽(S)之咪唑鎓陽離子,可舉C5~15之咪唑鎓陽離子,例如1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1,3-二乙基咪唑鎓、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓、1,2,3,4-四甲基咪唑鎓、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、1,3-二甲基-2-乙基咪唑鎓、1,2-二甲基-3-乙基-咪唑鎓、1,2,3-三乙基咪唑鎓、1,2,3,4-四乙基咪唑鎓、1,3-二甲基-2-苯基咪唑鎓、1,3-二甲基-2-苄基咪唑鎓、1-苄基-2,3-二甲基-咪唑鎓、4-氰基-1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓、3-氰基甲基-1,2-二甲基咪唑鎓、2-氰基甲基-1,3-二甲基-咪唑鎓、4-乙醯基-1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓、3-乙醯基甲基-1,2-二甲基咪唑鎓、4-甲基羧甲基-1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓、3-甲基羧甲基-1,2-二甲基咪唑鎓、4-甲氧基-1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓、3-甲氧基甲基-1,2-二甲基咪唑鎓、4-甲醯基-1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓、3-甲醯基甲基-1,2-二甲基咪唑鎓、3-羥乙基-1,2-二甲基咪唑鎓、4-羥甲基-1,2,3-三甲基咪唑鎓、2-羥乙基-1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓等。
上述咪唑鎓陽離子之中,從抗靜電性之觀點,較佳者為1-烷基(烷基之碳數1~3)3-烷基(烷基之碳數1~3)咪唑鎓,更佳者為1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓。
作為上述構成咪唑鎓鹽(S)之陰離子,例如可舉碳數1~20之磺酸的陰離子(例如,甲磺酸之陰離子、十二基苯磺酸之陰離子等)、烷基(烷基之碳數1~8)硫酸酯之陰離子(例如,甲基硫酸酯陰離子、乙基硫酸酯陰離子、辛基硫酸酯陰離子等)等。
上述陰離子之中,從抗靜電性之觀點,較佳者為碳數1~20磺酸之陰離子,更佳者為十二基苯磺酸之陰離子。
<抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y)>
本發明之抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y),係含有上述抗靜電劑(Z)與後述之熱塑性樹脂(E)而成。
從抗靜電性及機械強度(機械物性)之觀點,抗靜電劑(Z)與熱塑性樹脂(E)之重量比[抗靜電劑(Z)/熱塑性樹脂(E)]較佳為3/97~20/80,更佳為5/95~15/85。
作為熱塑性樹脂(E),可舉聚苯醚(polyphenylene ether)樹脂(E1);乙烯系樹脂〔聚烯烴樹脂(E2)[例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚合樹脂(EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚合樹脂]、聚(甲基)丙烯酸樹脂(E3)[例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯]、聚苯乙烯樹脂(E4)[含乙烯基之芳香族烴的均聚物,或以含乙烯基之芳香族烴與選自由(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯腈及丁二烯組成之群中至少1種作為構成單元的共聚物,例如聚苯乙烯(PS)、苯乙烯/丙烯腈共聚物(AN樹脂)、丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物(ABS樹脂)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物(MBS樹脂)、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(MS樹脂)]等〕;聚酯樹脂(E5)[例如聚對酞酸乙二酯、聚對酞酸丁二酯、聚對苯二甲酸環己烷二亞甲酯聚己二酸丁二酯(polybutylene adipate)、聚己二酸乙二酯(polyethylene adipate)];聚醯胺樹脂(E6)[例如耐綸66、耐綸69、耐綸612、耐綸6、耐綸11、耐綸12、耐綸46、耐綸6/66、耐綸6/12];聚碳酸酯樹脂(E7)[例如聚碳酸酯、聚碳酸酯/ABS合成樹脂(alloy resin)];聚縮醛樹脂(E8)及此等之2種以上的混合物。
此等之中,從後述之成形品的機械強度(機械物性)及抗靜電性之觀點,較佳者為聚烯烴樹脂(E2)、聚苯乙烯樹脂(E4)、聚碳酸酯樹脂(E7),更佳者為聚苯乙烯樹脂(E4)。
於本發明之抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y),可在不妨礙本發明效果之範圍,視需要除了上述嵌段聚合物(A)、醯胺形成性單體(c)、咪唑鎓鹽(S)、熱塑性樹脂(E)以外,還含有公知之樹脂用添加劑(G)。
作為樹脂用添加劑(G),可舉相容劑(羧酸改質聚丙烯等)、阻燃劑(胍胺等)、顏料(氧化鈦等)、染料(偶氮系染料等)、成核劑(滑石等)、潤滑劑(棕櫚蠟等)、塑化劑(酞酸二辛酯等)、抗氧化劑(三苯膦等)、紫外線吸收劑[2-(2’-羥基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑等]。
樹脂用添加劑(G)之含量雖根據用途而有所不同,但基於抗靜電劑(Z)與熱塑性樹脂(E)之合計重量,例如為45重量%以下,從添加效果之觀點,較佳為0.01~30重量%,更佳為0.1~10重量%。
本發明之抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y),可藉由將上述抗靜電劑(Z)、熱塑性樹脂(E)及視需要之樹脂用添加劑(G)加以熔融混合而得。
作為熔融混合之方法,一般而言,可應用下述方法:以適當之混合機,例如亨舍爾混合機(Henschel mixer)等,將顆粒狀或粉體狀成分加以混合後,以擠壓機進行熔融混合,來進行顆粒化。
熔融混合時之各成分的添加順序並無特別限定,例如可舉下述方法:
(1)將抗靜電劑(Z)、熱塑性樹脂(E)及視需要之樹脂用添加劑(G)一起熔融混合的方法。
(2)預先將抗靜電劑(Z)及熱塑性樹脂(E)之一部分加以熔融混合,製作抗靜電劑(Z)之高濃度樹脂組成物(母料樹脂組成物),然後將剩餘之熱塑性樹脂(E)以及視需要之樹脂用添加劑(G)加以熔融混合的方法。
<成形品>
本發明之成形品係將上述抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y)成形而得。作為該成形方法,可舉射出成形、壓縮成形、壓延成形、凝塑成形、旋轉成形、擠出成形、吹塑成形、發泡成形、膜成形(澆鑄法、拉幅法、充氣法等)等,可根據目的以任意方法來成形。
本發明之抗靜電劑(Z)對熱塑性樹脂(E)賦予優異之抗靜電性。又,使用本發明之抗靜電劑(Z)所得到的成形品,機械強度(機械物性)優異,且成形時之連續成形性(模具抗污性、脫模性)優異。
因此,可廣泛地使用作為藉由各種成形法[射出成形、壓縮成形、壓延成形、凝塑成形、旋轉成形、擠出成形、吹塑成形、發泡成形及膜成形(例如澆鑄法、拉幅法及充氣法)等]成形之住宅(housing)製品[家電/OA機器、遊戲機及事務機器用等]、塑膠容器材[於無塵室所使用之托盤(IC托盤等)、其他容器等]、各種緩衝材、被覆材(包裝材料用膜、保護膜等)、地板材用片、人工草皮、墊子、帶基材(半導體製程用等)以及各種成形品(汽車零件等)用材料,極為有用。
[實施例]
以下,藉由實施例及比較例進一步說明本發明,但本發明並不限定於此等。以下,只要沒有特別規定,份係表示重量份。
<製造例1>
[聚醯胺(a-1)之製造]
將ε-己內醯胺79.4份、對苯二甲酸11.5份、抗氧化劑[「Irganox1010」,BASF日本股份有限公司製]0.3份及水6份投入具備有攪拌機、溫度計、加熱冷卻裝置、氮導入管及減壓裝置之不銹鋼製耐壓反應容器,於進行氮置換後,在密閉下,進行攪拌,且同時升溫至220℃,於該溫度(壓力:0.2~0.3MPa)攪拌4小時,而得到於兩末端具有羧基之聚醯胺(a-1)。
(a-1)之酸值為78,Mn為1,400。
<製造例2>
[聚醯胺(a-2)之製造]
將ω-十二內醯胺82.5份、對苯二甲酸16.3份、抗氧化劑[「Irganox1010」,BASF日本股份有限公司製]0.3份及水10份投入與製造例1相同之耐壓反應容器,於進行氮置換後,在密閉下,進行攪拌,且同時升溫至220℃,於該溫度(壓力:0.2~0.3MPa)攪拌4小時,而得到於兩末端具有羧基之聚醯胺(a-2)。
(a-2)之酸值為109,Mn為1,000。
<製造例3>
[聚醯胺(a-3)之製造]
將六亞甲二胺17.7份、己二酸37.1份、抗氧化劑[「Irganox1010」,BASF日本股份有限公司製]0.3份及水160份投入與製造例1相同之耐壓反應容器,於進行氮置換後,在密閉下,進行攪拌,且同時升溫至270℃,於該溫度(壓力:1.7~1.8MPa)攪拌4小時,而得到於兩末端具有羧基之聚醯胺(a-3)。
(a-3)之酸值為132,Mn為850。
<製造例4>
[嵌段聚合物(A-1)]
將聚醯胺(a-1)223份、雙酚A之EO加成物(Mn:1,800)279份及乙酸氧鋯7份投入具備有攪拌機、溫度計及加熱冷卻裝置之反應容器,進行攪拌,且同時升溫至240℃,在減壓下(0.013MPa以下),於該溫度使之聚合6小時,而得到嵌段聚合物(A-1)。
另,(A-1)之Mn為22,000,重量比[聚醯胺(a)/親水性聚合物(b)]為44/56。
<製造例5>
[嵌段聚合物(A-2)]
將聚醯胺(a-2)253份、聚乙二醇(Mn:1,000)253份及乙酸氧鋯7份投入具備有攪拌機、溫度計及加熱冷卻裝置之反應容器,進行攪拌,且同時升溫至240℃,在減壓下(0.013MPa以下),於該溫度使之聚合6小時,而得到嵌段聚合物(A-2)。
另,(A-2)之Mn為50,000,重量比[聚醯胺(a)/親水性聚合物(b)]為50/50。
<製造例6>
[嵌段聚合物(A-3)]
將聚醯胺(a-1)155.5份、聚醯胺(a-3)38.9份、聚乙二醇(Mn:2,000)307.7份及乙酸氧鋯7份投入具備有攪拌機、溫度計及加熱冷卻裝置之反應容器,進行攪拌,且同時升溫至240℃,在減壓下(0.013MPa以下),於該溫度使之聚合6小時,而得到嵌段聚合物(A-3)。
另,(A-3)之Mn為15,000,重量比[聚醯胺(a)/親水性聚合物(b)]為39/61。
<實施例1>
將嵌段聚合物(A-1)98份與ε-己內醯胺(c-1)2份裝入具備有攪拌機、溫度計及加熱冷卻裝置之反應容器,於220℃進行混合、攪拌1小時後,以股線狀(strand shape)取出至帶上,進行顆粒化,而得到抗靜電劑(Z-1)。
<實施例2~6,比較例1~2>
除了依照表1之摻合組成(份)以外,其餘皆以與實施例1相同方式,得到各抗靜電劑(Z-2)~(Z-6)、(比Z-1)~(比Z-2)。
<實施例7>
將嵌段聚合物(A-1)93份、ε-己內醯胺(c-1)7份及咪唑鎓鹽(S-1)4份裝入具備有攪拌機、溫度計及加熱冷卻裝置之反應容器,於220℃進行混合、攪拌1小時後,以股線狀取出至帶上,進行顆粒化,而得到抗靜電劑(Z-7)。
<實施例8>
除了依照表1之摻合組成(份)以外,其餘皆以與實施例7相同方式,得到抗靜電劑(Z-8)。
[表1]
實施例 | 比較例 | |||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 2 | |||
抗靜電劑(Z) | Z-1 | Z-2 | Z-3 | Z-4 | Z-5 | Z-6 | Z-7 | Z-8 | 比Z-1 | 比Z-2 | ||
摻 合 組 成 / 份 | 嵌段聚合物(A) | A-1 | 98 | 95 | 89 | 95 | - | - | 93 | - | 100 | 85 |
A-2 | - | - | - | - | 95 | - | - | 96 | - | - | ||
A-3 | - | - | - | - | - | 95 | - | - | - | - | ||
醯胺形成性單體(c) | c-1 | 2 | 5 | 11 | - | 5 | 5 | 7 | - | - | 15 | |
c-2 | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | ||
咪唑鎓鹽(S) | S-1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | |
S-2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | ||
嵌段聚合物(A)之Mn | 22,000 | 22,000 | 22,000 | 22,000 | 50,000 | 15,000 | 22,000 | 50,000 | 22,000 | 22,000 | ||
重量比[(c)/(A)] | 2/98 | 5/95 | 11/89 | 5/95 | 5/95 | 5/95 | 7/93 | 4/96 | - | 15/85 | ||
(S)/[(A)+(c)](重量%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
醯胺形成性單體(c)
(c-1):ε-己內醯胺
(c-2):ω-十二內醯胺
咪唑鎓鹽(S)
(S-1):1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓十二基苯磺酸
(S-2):1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫酸乙酯
<實施例9~19,比較例3~4>
依照表2所示之摻合組成,以亨舍爾混合機將抗靜電劑(Z)、熱塑性樹脂(E)摻合3分鐘後,使用帶有通氣孔之雙軸擠壓機,以旋轉速度100rpm、停滯時間3分鐘之條件,於260℃進行熔融揑合,而得到各抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y-1)~(Y-11)、(比Y-1)~(比Y-2)。
對所得到之各抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y-1)~(Y-11)、(比Y-1)~(比Y-2),依照後述之<評價方法>進行評價。將結果表示於表2。
熱塑性樹脂(E)
(E-1):ABS樹脂[商品名「CEVIAN-V320」,戴西爾聚合物股份有限公司製]
(E-2):耐撞擊性PS樹脂[商品名「HIPS 433」,PS JAPAN股份有限公司製]
(E-3):聚碳酸酯樹脂[商品名「PANLITE L-1225L」,帝人化成股份有限公司製]
<評價方法>
1.模具抗污性
對各樹脂組成物使用射出成形機[商品名「PS40E5ASE」,日精樹脂工業股份有限公司],以缸筒溫度260℃、模具溫度80℃、成形循環30秒,進行射出成形平板試片(縱70mm,橫70mm,厚度2mm)1000發後,藉由下述<評價基準>進行模具抗污性之評價。
<評價基準>
◎:模具表面沒有變化。
○:模具表面有些微髒污。
△:模具表面有髒污。
✕:模具表面極為髒污,成形品之外觀差。
2.脫模性
對各樹脂組成物使用射出成形機[商品名「PS40E5ASE」,日精樹脂工業股份有限公司],以缸筒溫度260℃、模具溫度80℃、成形循環30秒,進行射出成形平板試片(縱70mm,橫70mm,厚度2mm)1000發後,藉由下述<評價基準>進行脫模性之評價。
將第1發之脫模所需的阻力(單元:N)設為(D1),第1000發之脫模所需的阻力設為(D1000),基於下述式(1)評價脫模性。
脫模性(%)=(D1000)×100/(D1) (1)
<評價基準>
◎:未達110%
○:110%以上,未達120%
△:120%以上,未達130%
✕:130%以上
3.表面固有電阻值(單元:Ω)
對各樹脂組成物使用射出成形機[商品名「PS40E5ASE」,日精樹脂工業股份有限公司],以缸筒溫度260℃、模具溫度80℃,製作平板試片(縱100mm,橫100mm,厚度2mm)。對平板試片使用超絕緣計「DSM-8103」[東亞電波工業股份有限公司製]於23℃、濕度40%RH之環境下進行測定。
4.愛曹特衝擊強度(單元:J/m)
對各樹脂組成物使用射出成形機[商品名「PS40E5ASE」,日精樹脂工業股份有限公司],以缸筒溫度260℃、模具溫度80℃,製作試片(縱63.5mm,橫12.7mm,厚度3.2mm)。對試片依據ASTM D256 Method A(帶有凹口,3.2mm厚)進行測定。
[表2]
實施例 | 比較例 | ||||||||||||||
9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 3 | 4 | |||
抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y) | Y-1 | Y-2 | Y-3 | Y-4 | Y-5 | Y-6 | Y-7 | Y-8 | Y-9 | Y-10 | Y-11 | 比Y-1 | 比Y-2 | ||
摻 合 組 成 | 抗靜電劑(Z) | 種類 | Z-1 | Z-2 | Z-3 | Z-4 | Z-5 | Z-6 | Z-7 | Z-8 | Z-8 | Z-2 | Z-2 | 比Z-1 | 比Z-2 |
(份) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | ||
熱塑性樹脂(E) | 種類 | E-1 | E-1 | E-1 | E-1 | E-1 | E-1 | E-1 | E-1 | E-1 | E-2 | E-3 | E-1 | E-1 | |
(份) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 95 | 88 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | ||
評 價 結 果 | 模具抗污性 | ◎ | ◎ | ○ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ✕ | |
脫模性 | ○ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ○ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | △ | ◎ | ||
表面固有電阻值(Ω) | 2.1×1011 | 1.6×1011 | 1.4×1011 | 1.3×1011 | 1.2×1011 | 1.1×1011 | 6.8×1010 | 8.1×1010 | 4.7×1010 | 3.5×1011 | 4.6×1011 | 1.1×1012 | 5.9×1011 | ||
衝擊強度(J/m) | 150 | 160 | 155 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 165 | 160 | 150 | 65 | 550 | 145 | 130 |
從表2之結果可知,使用本發明之抗靜電劑(Z)(實施例1~8)製造的抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y)(實施例9~19)相較於使用比較例1~2之抗靜電劑製造的抗靜電性樹脂組成物(比較例3~4),成形品之表面固有電阻值低,抗靜電性優異,對成形品賦予優異之機械強度(機械物性),並且成形時之連續成形性(模具抗污性、脫模性)優異。
[產業上之可利用性]
本發明之抗靜電劑(Z)對熱塑性樹脂賦予優異之抗靜電性。又,使用本發明之抗靜電劑(Z)所得到的成形品其機械強度(機械物性)優異,成形時之連續成形性(模具抗污性、脫模性)優異。因此,可廣泛地使用作為藉由各種成形法[射出成形、壓縮成形、壓延成形、凝塑成形、旋轉成形、擠出成形、吹塑成形、發泡成形及膜成形(例如澆鑄法、拉幅法及充氣法)等]成形之住宅製品[家電/OA機器、遊戲機及事務機器用等]、塑膠容器材[於無塵室所使用之托盤(IC托盤等)、其他容器等]、各種緩衝材、被覆材(包裝材料用膜、保護膜等)、地板材用片、人工草皮、墊子、帶基材(半導體製程用等)以及各種成形品(汽車零件等)用材料,極為有用。
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無
Claims (7)
- 一種抗靜電劑(Z),其係含有具有聚醯胺(a)之嵌段與親水性聚合物(b)之嵌段作為構成單元的嵌段聚合物(A)及醯胺形成性單體(c)而成,該親水性聚合物(b)為聚醚(b1),該醯胺形成性單體(c)為碳數6~12之內醯胺,該醯胺形成性單體(c)與該嵌段聚合物(A)之重量比[醯胺形成性單體(c)/嵌段聚合物(A)]為2/98~12/88。
- 如請求項1之抗靜電劑(Z),其中,該聚醚(b1)為聚醚二醇(b1-1)。
- 如請求項2之抗靜電劑(Z),其中,該聚醚二醇(b1-1)為使環氧烷(alkylene oxide)與碳數2~12之脂肪族二元醇或碳數6~18之芳香族二元醇進行加成反應而得者。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之抗靜電劑(Z),其進一步含有咪唑鎓鹽(imidazolium salt)(S)而成。
- 一種抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y),其係含有請求項1至4中任一項之抗靜電劑(Z)與熱塑性樹脂(E)而成。
- 如請求項5之抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y),其中,該抗靜電劑(Z)與該熱塑性樹脂(E)之重量比[抗靜電劑(Z)/熱塑性樹脂(E)]為3/97~20/80。
- 一種成形品,其係將請求項5或6之抗靜電性樹脂組成物(Y)成形而得。
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JPH07774B2 (ja) * | 1991-11-20 | 1995-01-11 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 帯電防止剤 |
JPH0812755A (ja) | 1994-06-27 | 1996-01-16 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | ポリエーテルエステルアミドおよび樹脂組成物 |
JP3488163B2 (ja) | 1999-02-10 | 2004-01-19 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | ブロックポリマー及びこれからなる帯電防止剤 |
DE60026262T2 (de) * | 1999-04-23 | 2007-02-15 | Arkema | Antistatische Polymerzusammensetzungen |
KR100629122B1 (ko) * | 1999-10-18 | 2006-09-27 | 아르끄마 프랑스 | 폴리에테르에스테르아미드 및 이를 함유하는 정전기 방지중합체 조성물 |
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US10100239B2 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2018-10-16 | Adeka Corporation | Antistatic agent, antistatic agent composition, antistatic resin composition, and molded body |
BR112015024274A2 (pt) * | 2013-03-21 | 2017-07-18 | Adeka Corp | agente antiestático, composição de agente antiestático, composição de resina antiestática e artigo moldado |
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JPH11255894A (ja) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-09-21 | Arakawa Chem Ind Co Ltd | ポリエーテルエステルアミド、帯電防止剤および熱可塑性樹脂組成物 |
JP2006206894A (ja) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-08-10 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 帯電防止剤および帯電防止性樹脂組成物 |
JP2013505344A (ja) * | 2009-09-23 | 2013-02-14 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 相乗的帯電防止組成物 |
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JP2021187920A (ja) | 2021-12-13 |
EP4159824A1 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
JP6807478B1 (ja) | 2021-01-06 |
CN115698220A (zh) | 2023-02-03 |
US20230212358A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
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