TWI725983B - 液晶介質 - Google Patents
液晶介質 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI725983B TWI725983B TW105125060A TW105125060A TWI725983B TW I725983 B TWI725983 B TW I725983B TW 105125060 A TW105125060 A TW 105125060A TW 105125060 A TW105125060 A TW 105125060A TW I725983 B TWI725983 B TW I725983B
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- 0 CCc(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(-c2cc(F)c(*(C)=C(CC(F)=C3F)C=C3F)c(F)c2)c(F)c1 Chemical compound CCc(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(-c2cc(F)c(*(C)=C(CC(F)=C3F)C=C3F)c(F)c2)c(F)c1 0.000 description 20
- UVSMWOWIPNQYPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1c1ccc(-c(cc2F)cc(F)c2OC(F)(F)F)c(F)c1 Chemical compound CC(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1c1ccc(-c(cc2F)cc(F)c2OC(F)(F)F)c(F)c1 UVSMWOWIPNQYPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZMGHHUFWBERDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1c1ccc(C(C=C(C2F)F)=CC2=[F])c(F)c1 Chemical compound CCC(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1c1ccc(C(C=C(C2F)F)=CC2=[F])c(F)c1 NZMGHHUFWBERDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMTYSOSQNLAQHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC(CC1)CCC1c(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(-c(cc2F)cc(F)c2F)c(F)c1 Chemical compound CCCC(CC1)CCC1c(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(-c(cc2F)cc(F)c2F)c(F)c1 UMTYSOSQNLAQHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/42—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
- C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/42—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40
- C09K19/44—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40 containing compounds with benzene rings directly linked
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
- G02B30/24—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type involving temporal multiplexing, e.g. using sequentially activated left and right shutters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134372—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for fringe field switching [FFS] where the common electrode is not patterned
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13471—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
- G02F1/1395—Optically compensated birefringence [OCB]- cells or PI- cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
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- C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
- C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種液晶介質(LC介質),關於其用於電光目的之用途,且關於包含此介質之LC顯示器。
Description
本發明係關於一種液晶介質(LC介質)、其用於電光目的之用途,及包含此介質之LC顯示器。
液晶具體用作顯示裝置中之電介質,此係因為可藉由施加電壓來影響此類物質之光學特性。基於液晶之電光裝置對於熟習此項技術者為極其熟悉的,且可係基於不同效應。此類裝置為(例如)具有動態散射之單元、DAP單元(變形配向相)、賓主單元、具有扭轉向列結構之TN單元、STN單元(「超扭轉向列」)、SBE單元(「超雙折射效應」)及OMI單元(「光模干擾」)。最常用之顯示裝置係基於沙特-黑爾弗里希效應(Schadt-Helfrich effect)且具有扭轉向列結構。
液晶材料必須具有良好的化學及熱穩定性,及關於電場及電磁輻射之良好的穩定性。此外,液晶材料應具有相對較低黏度,且在單元中產生短回應時間、低臨限電壓及高對比度。
另外,在標準操作溫度下(亦即,在低於及高於室溫之極其寬泛的範圍中),其應具有合適的介相,例如用於上述單元之向列型或膽固醇型介相。由於一般以若干組分之混合物之形式採用液晶,因此組分相互具有良好的混溶性係至關重要的。根據使用之單元類型及領域,諸如導電率、介電各向異性及光學各向異性之其他特性必須滿足不同需要。舉例而言,用於具有扭轉向列結構之單元的材料應具有正介電各向異性及低導電率。
舉例而言,對於用於切換個別像素之積體非線性元件的矩陣液晶顯示器(MLC顯示器),需要具有高正介電各向異性、寬向列相、相對較低雙折射率、極高比電阻、良好UV及熱穩定性及低蒸汽壓之介質。
此類矩陣液晶顯示器為已知的。用於個別切換個別像素之非線性元件可為(例如)有源元件(亦即,電晶體)。在彼情況下,參考「主動矩陣」,在此情況下可在以下兩種類型之間加以區分:
1.MOS(金屬氧化物半導體)或在矽晶圓上作為基板之其他二極體。
2.在玻璃板上作為基板之薄膜電晶體(TFT)。
將單晶矽用作基板材料限制顯示器大小,此係因為接合處之不同子顯示器之模組化組合物亦產生問題。
在更有前景之類型2(其為較佳的)中,所用電光效應通常為TN效應。在以下兩種技術之間加以區分:由化合物半導體製造之TFT,例如CdSe;或基於多晶矽或非晶矽之TFT。後一技術為高密度全球研究之目標。
TFT矩陣已應用於顯示器之一個玻璃板的內部,而其他玻璃板在其內部上攜有透明的相對電極。與像素電極之大小相比,TFT極小且實際上並不破壞影像。此技術亦可經擴展用於全色能影像顯示器,其中紅色、綠色及藍色過濾器之馬賽克(mosaic)經配置以使得一個過濾器元件與每一可切換影像元件相對。
TFT顯示器通常充當透射中之具有交叉偏光器之TN單元,且為背光的。
術語「MLC顯示器」在本文中涵蓋具有積體非線性元件的任何矩陣顯示器,亦即,不僅為具有主動矩陣之顯示器,亦具有諸如變阻器或二極體之被動元件的顯示器(MIM=金屬-絕緣體-金屬)。
此類MLC顯示器尤其適用於TV應用(例如攜帶式電視)或用於電腦應用(膝上型電腦)及汽車或飛機建造中之高資訊內容顯示器。除關於對比度之角度依賴性及切換時間之問題外,由於液晶混合物之比電阻不夠高,在MLC顯示器之情況下產生困難[TOGASHI,S.,SEKIGUCHI,K.,TANABE,H.,YAMAMOTO,E.,SORIMACHI,K.,TAJIMA,E.,WATANABE,H.,SHIMIZU,H.,Proc.Eurodisplay 84,1984年9月:A 210-288 Matrix LCD Controlled by Double Stage Diode Rings,第141頁及其後頁,巴黎;STROMER,M.,Proc.Eurodisplay 84,1984年9月:Design of Thin Film Transistors for Matrix Adressing of Television Liquid Crystal Displays,第145頁及其後頁,巴黎]。藉由降低電阻,MLC顯示器之對比度降低,且可出現「後像消除」之問題。由於液晶混合物之比電阻通常經由與顯示器之內表面之相互作用隨MLC顯示器之壽命而減小,所以高(起始)電阻係極其至關重要的以獲得可接受之使用壽命。尤其在低電壓混合物之情況下,迄今為止尚無可能達成極高比電阻。另外,比電阻隨著溫度上升且在熱應力及/或UV暴露之後展示最小增量係至關重要的。另一特定缺點為來自先前技術之混合物之低溫特性。需要的是,即使在低溫下仍不會出現結晶及/或矩列液晶相,且黏度之溫度依賴性處於最低。先前技術之MLC顯示器因此並不滿足當前需要。
除使用背光(亦即,以透射及可能半穿透半反射之方式操作)之液晶顯示器外,反射式液晶顯示器亦備受關注。此等反射式液晶顯示器使用環境光來呈現資訊。因此,其比具有相應大小及解析度之背光式液晶顯示器明顯消耗更少的能源。由於TN效應之特徵在於極佳對比度,即使在明亮的環境條件下,此類反射式顯示器仍具有極佳可讀性。根據(例如)腕錶及攜帶式計算器中所使用之簡單反射式TN顯示器,此為已知的。然而,該原理亦可應用於高品質、較高解析度、主
動式矩陣驅動顯示器,例如,TFT顯示器。在本文中,如在一般標準透射式TFT-TN顯示器之情況下,使用具有低雙折射率(Δn)之液晶係必要的以便達成低光阻滯(d.Δn)。此種低光阻滯產生通常可接受之小對比度之視角依賴性(參見DE 30 22 818)。在反射式顯示器中,使用具有低雙折射率之液晶相較於在透射式顯示器中甚至更加重要,此係由於光在反射式顯示器中穿過之有效層厚度約為具有相同層厚度之透射式顯示器的兩倍。
為藉助於快門眼鏡實現3D效果,尤其使用具有低旋轉黏度及相對應高光學各向異性(Δn)之快速切換混合物。可使用具有高光學各向異性(Δn)之混合物來達成電光透鏡系統,藉由該電光透鏡系統顯示器之2維圖像可切換成3維自動立體圖像。
因此,仍亟需具有極高比電阻(具有大工作溫度範圍)、短切換時間(即使在低溫下)及低臨限電壓之MLC顯示器,其僅較小程度顯示此等缺點(若存在)。
在TN(沙特-黑爾弗里希(Schadt-Helfrich))單元之情況下,需要能夠在單元中實現以下優點之介質:
- 經擴展之向列相範圍(尤其在低溫下)
- 極低溫度下(戶外用途、汽車、航空電子設備)之切換能力
- 提高之UV輻射耐受性(較長使用壽命)
- 低臨限電壓。
藉由獲自先前技術之介質,不可能在達成此等優點的同時維持其他參數。現代平面LCD螢幕需要更加快之切換時間,以便能夠實際地呈現多媒體內容,例如電影及視訊遊戲。此又需要具有極低旋轉黏度γ1與高光學各向異性Δn之向列型液晶混合物。為獲得所需要之旋轉黏度,正尋求使尤其有利的γ1/澄清點比率與高Δn及高極性結合之物質。
在超扭轉(STN)單元之情況下,需要能夠實現更高多路複用性能及/或較低臨限電壓及/或較寬向列相範圍之介質(尤其在低溫下)。出於此目的,迫切地需要進一步擴展可用的參數空間(澄清點、矩列-向列轉變或熔點、黏度、介電參數、彈性參數)。
尤其在用於TV及視訊應用之LC顯示器(例如,LCD TV、監視器、PDA、筆記型電腦、遊戲控制台)之情況下,需要明顯地縮短切換時間。此需要具有低旋轉黏度及高介電各向異性之LC混合物。同時,LC介質應具有高澄清點。
本發明所基於之問題為,提供尤其用於MLC、TN、PS-TN、STN、ECB、OCB、IPS、PS-IPS、FFS、PS-FFS或正-VA顯示器之介質的問題,該等顯示器僅較小程度地顯示以上所說明之缺點(若有),且較佳地具有快速切換時間且同時具有低旋轉黏度之高澄清點,及高介電各向異性及低臨限電壓。
現已發現,當使用如下文所描述之LC介質時,可解決此問題。
已發現,出人意料的是,包含一或多種式1至式7化合物的LC介質具有高介電各向異性Δε、高雙折射率Δn及同時具有低旋轉黏度γ1。其因此尤其適合於實現具有低γ1及高Δn之液晶混合物。另外,式1至式7化合物在LC介質中具有良好的可溶性及極佳的相特徵。
包含式1至式7化合物之本發明的LC介質具有低旋轉黏度、快速切換時間、高澄清點、極高正介電各向異性、相對較高雙折射率及較寬向列相範圍。其因此尤其較佳適用於行動電話及TV及視訊應用。
式1至式7化合物具有寬廣之用途。視取代基之選擇而定,其可充當主要組成液晶介質之基底材料,但亦有可能將來自其他化合物類別之液晶基底材料添加至式1至式7化合物,以便(例如)影響此介電質之介電性及/或光學各向異性,及/或以使其臨限電壓及/或黏度最佳化。
式1至式7化合物具有相對較低熔點、顯示良好相特徵、純態下為無色,且在有利之溫度範圍內形成用於電光用途之液晶介相。其為化學穩定、熱穩定的,且對於光穩定。
在上式及下式中,烷基或烷氧基可為直鏈或分支鏈。其較佳地為直鏈,具有2個、3個、4個、5個、6個或7個碳原子,且因此較佳地為乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基或庚氧基,及另外為甲基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、甲氧基、辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一烷氧基、十二烷氧基、十三烷氧基或十四烷氧基。
氧雜烷基較佳地為直鏈2-氧雜丙基(=甲氧基甲基);2-(=乙氧基甲基)或3-氧雜丁基(=2-甲氧基乙基);2-、3-或4-氧雜戊基;2-、3-、4-
或5-氧雜己基;2-、3-、4-、5-或6-氧雜庚基;2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-氧雜辛基;2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-氧雜壬基;2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、8-或9-氧雜癸基。
烯基可為直鏈或分支鏈。其較佳地為直鏈且具有2至10個碳原子。其因此較佳地為乙烯基;丙-1-或丙-2-烯基;丁-1-、2-或丁-3-烯基;戊-1-、2-、3-或戊-4-烯基;己-1-、2-、3-、4-或己-5-烯基;庚-1-、2-、3-、4-、5-或庚-6-烯基;辛-1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或辛-7-烯基;壬-1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或壬-8-烯基;癸-1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、8-或癸-9-烯基。
若烷基或烯基至少由鹵素單取代,此基團較佳地為直鏈,且鹵素較佳地為F或Cl。在多取代之情況下,鹵素較佳地為F。所得基團亦包括全氟化基團。在單取代之情況下,氟或氯取代基可在任何位置中,但較佳地在ω位置中。
在上式及下式中,X0較佳地為F、Cl或具有1個、2個或3個碳原子之單或多氟化烷基或烷氧基或具有2個或3個碳原子之單或多氟化烯基。X0更佳地為F、Cl、CF3、CHF2、OCF3、OCHF2、OCFHCF3、OCFHCHF2、OCFHCHF2、OCF2CH3、OCF2CHF2、OCF2CHF2、OCF2CF2CHF2、OCF2CF2CHF2、OCFHCF2CF3、OCFHCF2CHF2、OCF2CF2CF3、OCF2CF2CClF2、OCClFCF2CF3、OCH=CF2或CH=CF2,最佳地為F或OCF3,且亦為CF3、OCF=CF2、OCHF2及OCH=CF2。
尤其較佳為其中「烯基」為乙烯基、丙-1-烯基、丙-2-烯基或丁-3-烯基之式1化合物。
進一步較佳為其中RX為甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基或正戊基之式1化合物。
尤其較佳為其中L為F之式2化合物。
進一步較佳為其中「烷基」為甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基或
正戊基之式2化合物。
進一步較佳為其中「烯基」為乙烯基、丙-1-烯基、丙-2-烯基或丁-3-烯基,更佳地為丁-3-烯基之式2化合物。
尤其較佳為其中X0為F或OCF3、較佳地F之式3、式4、式5、式6及式7化合物。
進一步較佳為其中X0為OCF3之式6及式7化合物。
進一步較佳為其中R0為甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基或正戊基之式3、式4、式5、式6及式7化合物。
其中,「烷基」具有式1中所給定之定義且更佳地為甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基或正戊基。
尤其較佳為式1a及式1b化合物,尤其其中「烷基」為正丙基之彼
等。
尤其較佳為式2b化合物。
尤其較佳為式3a及式3b化合物。
尤其較佳為式4a及式4b化合物。
尤其較佳為式5a及式5b化合物。
尤其較佳為式6a及式6b化合物,及式6e及式6f化合物。
尤其較佳為式7a及式7b化合物,及式7e及式7f化合物。
下文描述尤其較佳之介質。
包含式1、式2及式3中之每一者之一或多種化合物及選自式6及式7之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2及式4中之每一者之一或多種化合物及選自式6及式7之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2及式5中之每一者之一或多種化合物及選自式6及式7之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式3及式4中之每一者之一或多種化合物及選自式6及式7之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式3及式5中之每一者之一或多個化合物及選自式6及式7之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式4及式5中之每一者之一或多種化合物及選自式6及式7之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2及式6中之每一者之一或多種化合物及選自式3、式4及式5之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2及式7中之每一者之一或多種化合物及選自式3、式4及式5之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式3及式6中之每一者之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式4及式6中之每一者之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式5及式6中之每一者之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式3及式7中之每一者之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式4及式7中之每一者之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式5及式7中之每一者之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式3、式4及式6中之每一者之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式3、式4及式7中之每一者之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式3、式5及式6中之每一者之一或多種化合物的介質。
包含式1、式2、式3、式5及式7中之每一者之一或多種化合物的介質。
整個混合物中之式1化合物之比例較佳地為20重量%至65重量%,更佳地為25重量%至60重量%。
整個混合物中之式2化合物之比例較佳地為2重量%至15重量%,更佳地為3重量%至10重量%。
整個混合物中之式3化合物之比例較佳地為2重量%至30重量%,更佳地為3重量%至20重量%。
整個混合物中之式4化合物之比例較佳地為2重量%至25重量%,更佳地為3重量%至15重量%。
整個混合物中之式5化合物之比例較佳地為2重量%至20重量%,更佳地為3重量%至15重量%。
整個混合物中之式3、式4及式5化合物之比例較佳地為5重量%至30重量%,更佳地為5重量%至25重量%。
整個混合物中之式6化合物之比例較佳地為2重量%至20重量%,更佳地為2重量%至15重量%。
整個混合物中之式7化合物之比例較佳地為2重量%至20重量%,更佳地為2重量%至15重量%。
整個混合物中之式6及式7化合物之比例較佳地為2重量%至20重量%,更佳地為2重量%至15重量%。
尤其較佳為包含以下各者之介質:- 20重量%至65重量%之一或多種式1(較佳地選自式1a及式1b)化
合物;及- 2%重量至15重量%之一或多種式2(較佳地選自式2a、式2b及式2c)化合物;及- 5重量%至30重量%之一或多種選自式3、式4及式5,較佳地選自式3a、式3b、式4a、式4b、式5a及式5b之化合物;及- 2重量%至20重量%之一或多種選自式6及式7,較佳地選自式6a、式6b、式7a及式7b之化合物。
式1至式7化合物係如文獻(例如,在諸如Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie[Methods of Organic Chemistry],Georg-Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart之標準著作中)所描述,在已知且適合於所提及之反應的反應條件下藉由本身已知方法製備。亦有可能利用本身已知但在本文中未詳細提及之變體。
在下文中說明根據本發明之混合物之較佳實施例:
且其中式3化合物排除在式III化合物外。
其中R0及X0具有上文所給定之定義。
較佳地,R0為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F。尤其較佳為式IIa及式IIb化合物,尤其其中X0為F之式IIa及式IIb化合物。
其中R0及X0具有上文所給定之定義。
較佳地,R0為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F。尤其較佳為式IIId化合物。
其中R0、X0及Y1至Y4具有上文式II及式III中所給定之定義;且Z0 為-C2H4-、-(CH2)4-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-C2F4-、-CH2CF2-、-CF2CH2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-或-OCF2-,且在式V及式VI中亦為單鍵,且在式V及式VIII中亦為-CF2O-;r 為0或1;且s 為0或1;- 式IV化合物較佳地選自下式:
其中R0及X0具有上文式II及式III下所給定之定義。
較佳地,R0為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F或OCF3,或者為OCF=CF2、CF3及Cl。
其中R0及X0具有上文所給定之定義。
較佳地,R0為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F及OCF3,或者為OCHF2、CF3、OCF=CF2及OCH=CF2。
其中R0及X0具有上文所給定之定義。
較佳地,R0為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F,或者為OCF3、CF3、CF=CF2、OCHF2及OCH=CF2。
其中R0及X0具有上文所給定之定義。
較佳地,R0為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F,或者為OCF3、CF3、OCHF2及OCH=CF2。
其中X0具有上文所給定之定義;且L為H或F,較佳地為F;「烷基」為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基;R'為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基、具有1至6個碳原子之烷氧基或具有2至6個碳原子之烯基;且「烯基」為具有2至6個碳原子之烯基。
其中「烷基」具有上文所給定之定義。(O)烷基意謂「烷基」或「O烷基」(=具有1至6個碳原子之烷氧基)
其中L1及L2彼此獨立地為H或F,較佳地L1為F且最佳地L1及L2兩者均為F,且R1及R2各自獨立地為各自具有至多6個碳原子之正烷基、烷氧基、氧雜烷基、氟烷基或烯基,且較佳地各自獨立地為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基;在式XIII化合物中,較佳地,R1及R2基團中之至少一者為具有2至6個碳原子之烯基。
其中「烷基」具有上文所給定之定義,且較佳地為甲基或乙基。尤其較佳為式XIIId化合物。
其中式4化合物排除在式XVI化合物外。
其中R0及X0具有上文所給定之定義。
較佳地,R0為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F,或者為OCF3。尤其較佳之式XV及式XVI及其子式化合物為其中Y1為F且Y2為H或F(較佳地為F)之彼等。
其中,R1及R2具有上文式XIII下所給定之定義,且較佳地,各自獨立地為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基,且L為H或F,較佳地為F,其中式2化合物排除在此等化合物外。
其中烷基及烷基* 各自獨立地為具有1至6個碳原子之直鏈烷基,尤其為乙基、丙基及戊基;烯基及烯基* 各自獨立地為具有2至6個碳原子之直鏈烯基,尤其為CH2=CHC2H4、CH3CH=CHC2H4、CH2=CH及CH3CH=CH。
其中R1及R2具有上文所給定之定義,且較佳地,各自獨立地為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。L為H或F,較佳地為F。
其中,R0及X0各自獨立地具有上文所給定之定義中之一者,且Y1至Y4各自獨立地為H或F,其中式6及式7化合物排除在式XXI及XXII化合物外。X0較佳地為F、Cl、CF3、OCF3或OCHF2。R0較佳地為各自具有至多6個碳原子之烷基、烷氧基、氧雜烷基、氟烷基或烯基。
其中R0具有上文所給定之定義。較佳地,R0為直鏈烷基,尤其為乙基、正丙基、正丁基及正戊基,且最佳地為正丙基。一或多種式XXIV化合物(尤其一或多種式XXIV-a化合物)較佳地以0.5重量%至20重量%,更佳地1重量%至15重量%之量用於根據本發明之混合物中。
在式XXV中,X0亦或可為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基或具有1至6個碳原子之烷氧基。較佳地,烷基或烷氧基為直鏈。
較佳地,R0為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F。
其中R0、X0及Y1具有上文式XXV下給定之定義。較佳地,R0為
具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F且Y1較佳地為F;
- R0為具有2至6個碳原子之直鏈烷基或烯基;
其中,R0及X0具有上文式II及式III下所給定之定義。R0較佳地為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F或Cl。在式XXVI中,X0最佳地為Cl。
其中R0及X0具有上文所給定之定義。R0較佳地為具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。X0較佳地為F;尤其較佳地,根據本發明之介質包含一或多種式XXX化合物,其中X0較佳地為F。一或多種式XXVIII至式XXX化合物較佳地以1重量%至20重量%,更佳地1重量%至15重量%之量用於根據本發明之混合物中。尤其較佳之混合物包含至少一種式XXX化合物。
下文說明更佳之實施例:
- 整個混合物中之式II、式III、式IX至式XIII、式XVII、式XVIIIa、式XVIIIb及式XVIIIc化合物之比例為40重量%至95重量%;
- 介質包含10重量%至50重量%、更佳地12重量%至40重量%之式II及/或式III化合物;
- 介質包含20重量%至70重量%、更佳地25重量%至65重量%之式IX至式XIII化合物;
- 介質包含4重量%至30重量%、更佳地5重量%至20重量%之式XVII化合物;
- 介質包含1重量%至20重量%、更佳地2重量%至15重量%之式
XVIIIa、式XVIIIb及式XVIIIc化合物。
- 該介質包含至少一種式1a或式1a1化合物及至少一種式1b1化合物。
- 介質包含至少一種式PPGU-n-F化合物,其中n為2或3。
- 介質包含至少一種、較佳地兩種或三種式PGP-n-m化合物,其中n及m各自獨立地為2、3、4或5。
已發現,在具有標準液晶材料、尤其具有一或多種式II至式XXX化合物之混合物中使用如上文所描述之式1至式7化合物,在觀察到較寬向列相與低矩列-向列型轉變溫度的同時,產生相當大的光穩定性增量並產生相對較高的雙折射率值,其結果使得儲存穩定性得以改良。同時,混合物在UV暴露下顯示極低臨限電壓及極佳VHR值及極高澄清點。
本申請案中之表述「烷基」或「烷基*」涵蓋具有1至6個碳原子之直鏈及分支鏈烷基,尤其為直鏈甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基及己基。具有2至5個碳原子之基團通常為較佳的。
表述「烯基」或「烯基*」涵蓋具有2至6個碳原子之直鏈及分支鏈烯基,尤其直鏈基團。較佳烯基為C2至C7-1E-烯基、C4至C6-3E-烯基,尤其為C2至C6-1E-烯基。尤其較佳之烯基之實例為乙烯基、1E-丙烯基、1E-丁烯基、1E-戊烯基、1E-己烯基、3-丁烯基、3E-戊烯基、3E-己烯基、4-戊烯基、4Z-己烯基、4E-己烯基及5-己烯基。具有
至多5個碳原子之基團通常為較佳的,尤其為CH2=CH、CH3CH=CH。
表述「氟烷基」較佳地涵蓋具有末端氟之直鏈基團,亦即氟甲基、2-氟乙基、3-氟丙基、4-氟丁基、5-氟戊基、6-氟己基及7-氟庚基。然而,並不排除氟之其他位置。
表述「氧雜烷基」或「烷氧基」較佳地涵蓋式CnH2n+1-O-(CH2)m之直鏈基團,其中n及m各自獨立地為1至6之整數。m亦可為0。較佳地,n=1且m為1至6或m=0且n=1至3。
經由選擇合適的R0及X0之定義,有可能以適宜方式改變透射特徵之回應時間、臨限電壓、傾斜度等。舉例而言,與烷基或烷氧基相比,1E-烯基、3E-烯基、2E-烯氧基及類似者通常產生更短回應時間、改良之向列趨勢及彈性常數k33(彎曲)與k11(傾斜)之更高比率。與烷基及烷氧基相比,4-烯基、3-烯基及類似者通常產生更低的臨限電壓及更低的k33/k11值。根據本發明之混合物之高Δε值尤其顯著,且因此具有比根據先前技術之混合物快得多的切換時間。
上述式化合物之最佳比率實質上視所需特性而定,視上述式之組分之選擇及存在的任何其他組分之選擇而定。
可根據各種情況容易地確定上文所指定之範圍內之合適的比率。
根據本發明之混合物中之上述式化合物之總量並非關鍵的。出於最佳化各種特性之目的,該等混合物可因此包含一或多種其他組分。然而,大體而言,上述式化合物之總濃度愈高,所觀測到之對混合物之特性中之所需改良影響愈大。
在一尤佳實施例中,根據本發明之介質包含式II至式VIII(較佳地,式II、式III、式IV及式V,尤其式IIa及式IIIa)化合物,其中X0為F、OCF3、OCHF2、OCH=CF2、OCF=CF2或OCF2-CF2H。
可用於根據本發明之介質中之上述式及其子式之個別化合物為已知的或可類似於已知化合物來製備。
本發明亦提供電光顯示器(例如,STN或MLC顯示器),其具有:兩個平面平行的承載板,其與邊框一起形成單元;用於切換承載板上之個別像素之整合式非線性元件;及在單元內具有正介電各向異性及高比電阻之向列型液晶混合物,該等電光顯示器出於電光目的包含此類介質且亦使用此等介質。
根據本發明之液晶混合物能夠顯著擴展可用參數空間。澄清點、低溫下之黏度、熱及UV穩定性及高光學各向異性之可達成組合遠優於先前技術之現有材料。
根據本發明之混合物尤其適用於行動應用及TFT應用,例如行動電話及PDA。另外,根據本發明之混合物可用於FFS、VA-IPS、OCB及IPS顯示器。
根據本發明之液晶混合物能夠實現保持向列相低至-20℃且較佳地低至-30℃、更佳地低至-40℃,且保持澄清點75℃、較佳地80℃,同時實現旋轉黏度γ1110mPa.s、更佳地100mPa.s,其結果使得有可能達成具有快速切換時間之極佳MLC顯示器。在20℃下測定旋轉黏度。
本發明之液晶混合物之介電各向異性Δε在20℃下較佳地+7、更佳地+8、尤其較佳地10。該等混合物亦由較小工作電壓表徵。根據本發明之液晶混合物之臨限電壓較佳地2.0V。根據本發明之液晶混合物之雙折射率Δn在20℃下較佳地0.09、更佳地0.10。
根據本發明之液晶混合物之向列相範圍之寬度較佳地為至少90°,尤其為至少100°。此範圍較佳地至少自-25℃延伸至+70℃。
顯而易見,經由適當地選擇根據本發明之混合物的組分,亦有可能在保持其他有利特性之情況下在較高臨限電壓下獲得較高澄清點(例如,超過100℃)或在較低臨限電壓下獲得較低澄清點。同樣可能藉由相應地略微增大黏度而獲得具有較大Δε及因此低臨限值之混合
物。根據本發明之MLC顯示器較佳地以根據Gooch及Tarry[C.H.Gooch及H.A.Tarry,Electron.Lett.10,2-4,1974;C.H.Gooch及H.A.Tarry,Appl.Phys.,第8卷,1575-1584,1975]之第一透射最小值工作;除特定有利之電光特性(例如,高傾斜度之特徵及低角度依賴性之對比(DE-C 30 22 818))以外,在相同臨限電壓下,相較於在呈第二最小值之類似顯示器中,較小介電各向異性在此處係足夠的。此使得有可能使用根據本發明之混合物以第一最小值達成比在具有氰基化合物之混合物之情況下高得多的比電阻。經由適當地選擇個別組分及其重量%比例,熟習此項技術者將能夠藉由簡單的常規方法來確立MLC顯示器之給定層厚度所需之雙折射率。
電壓保持率(HR)之量測[S.Matsumoto等人,Liquid Crystals 5,1320(1989);K.Niwa等人,Proc.SID Conference,San Francisco,1984年6月,第304頁(1984);G.Weber等人,Liquid Crystals 5,1381(1989)]已展示,包含一或多種式1化合物、一或多種式2化合物、一或多種式3至式5化合物及一或多種式6及/或式7化合物的根據本發明之混合物在UV暴露下,HR降低得比包含式
之氰苯環乙烷或式之酯的類似混合物小得多。
根據本發明之混合物之光穩定性及UV穩定性顯著地更佳,意謂其在暴露於光或UV下顯示HR之降低明顯地更小。
由極化器、電極基板及經過表面處理之電極組成之根據本發明之MLC顯示器之建造對應於此類顯示器之習用設計。表述「習用設計」在本文經概括地解釋且亦涵蓋MLC顯示器之全部衍生及修改,尤其亦基於聚-Si TFT或MIM之矩陣顯示元件。
然而,根據本發明之顯示器與已習用至今、基於扭轉向列單元
之彼等顯示器的主要差異為液晶層之液晶參數的選擇。
可根據本發明使用之液晶混合物係以習用方式生產,例如藉由將一或多種式1化合物及一或多種式2化合物與一或多種式3至式5化合物及一或多種式6及/或式7化合物及視情況選用之一或多種式II至式XXVIII化合物或與其他液晶化合物及/或添加劑混合。一般而言,將使用量較少之所需量之組分在高溫下適當地溶解於構成主要成分之組分中。亦有可能將組分在有機溶劑(例如丙酮、三氯甲烷或甲醇)中之溶液混合,且在混合之後(例如)藉由蒸餾再次移除溶劑。
介電質亦可包含其他為熟習此項技術者已知且描述於文獻中之添加劑,例如諸如Tinuvin®之UV穩定劑(例如,來自Ciba Chemicals之Tinuvin® 770)、抗氧化劑(例如TEMPOL)、微米粒子、自由基清除劑、奈米粒子等。舉例而言,有可能添加0%至15%之多色染料或對掌性摻雜劑。在下文之表C及表D中說明合適的穩定劑及摻雜劑。
另外有可能以(按該混合物計)較佳地0.12重量%至5重量%、更佳地0.2%至2%之濃度將如(例如)US 6,861,107中所揭示之稱作反應性液晶原(RM)之可聚合化合物添加至根據本發明之混合物中。視情況,此等混合物亦可包含如(例如)US 6,781,665中所描述之引發劑。較佳地將引發劑(例如來自Ciba之Irganox 1076)以0%至1%之量添加至包含可聚合化合物之混合物中。此種混合物可用於所謂的聚合物穩定(polymer-stabilized;PS)模式,其中待產生液晶混合物中反應性液晶原之聚合以(例如)用於PS-IPS、PS-FFS、PS-TN、PS-VA-IPS。對此之前提條件為液晶混合物本身並不含有任何可聚合組分。
在本發明之一較佳實施例中,可聚合化合物係選自式M化合物
RMa-AM1-(ZM1-AM2)m1-RMb M
其中,個別基團定義如下:RMa及RMb 各自獨立地為P、P-Sp-、H、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-
NO2、-NCO、-NCS、-OCN、-SCN、SF5或具有1至25個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基,其中一或多個非鄰接CH2基團亦可各自獨立地由-C(R0)=C(R00)-、-C≡C-、-N((R00)-、-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-置換,以此方式使得沒有氧及/或硫原子直接彼此接合,且其中一或多個氫原子亦可由F、Cl、Br、I、CN、P或P-Sp-置換,其中較佳地RMa及RMb基團中之至少一者為或含有P或P-Sp-基團,較佳地RMa及RMb 各自獨立地為P、P-Sp-、H、鹵素、SF5、NO2、烷基、烯基或炔基,其中較佳地RMa及RMb基團中之至少一者為或含有P或P-Sp-基團,P 為可聚合基團,Sp 為間隔基團或單鍵,AM1及AM2 各自獨立地為較佳地具有4至25個環原子(較佳地,碳原子)之芳族、雜芳族、脂環族或雜環基團,其亦包含或可含有稠環且其可視情況由L單取代或多取代,L為P、P-Sp-、OH、CH2OH、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-NO2、-NCO、-NCS、-OCN、-SCN、-C(=O)N(Rx)2、-C(=O)Y1、-C(=O)Rx、-N(Rx)2、視情況經取代之矽烷基、具有6至20個碳原子之視情況經取代之芳基,或具有1至25個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基、烷氧基、烷基羰基、烷氧羰基、烷基羰氧基或烷氧基羰氧基,或具有2至25個碳原子之烯基或炔基,其中一或多個氫原子亦可由F、Cl、P或P-Sp-,較佳地由P、P-Sp-、H、OH、CH2OH、鹵素、SF5、NO2、烷基、烯基或炔基置換,Y1 為鹵素,較佳地為F,ZM1 為-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-OCO-、-O-CO-O-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-SCH2-、-CH2S-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2S-、-SCF2-、-
(CH2)n1-、-CF2CH2-、-CH2CF2-、-(CF2)n1-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-、-COO-、-OCO-CH=CH-、CR0R00或單鍵,R0及R00 各自獨立地為H或具有1至12個碳原子之烷基,Rx 為P、P-Sp-、H、鹵素、具有1至25個碳原子之直鏈、分支鏈或至環烷基,其中一或多個非鄰接CH2基團亦可由-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-置換,以此方式使得沒有氧及/或硫原子直接彼此接合,且其中一或多個氫原子亦可由F、Cl、P或P-Sp-,具有6至40個碳原子之視情況經取代之芳基或至芳氧基,或具有2至40個碳原子之視情況經取代之雜芳基或至雜芳氧基置換,m1 為0、1、2、3或4,且n1 為1、2、3或4,其中來自目前RMa、RMb及取代基L之群的至少一個取代基(較佳地一個、兩個或三個取代基,且更佳地一個或兩個取代基)為P或P-Sp-基團或含有至少一個P或P-Sp-基團。
尤其較佳之式M化合物為以下彼等化合物,其中RMa及RMb 各自獨立地為P、P-Sp-、H、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-NO2、-NCO、-NCS、-OCN、-SCN、SF5或具有1至25個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基,其中一或多個非鄰接CH2基團亦可各自獨立地由-C(R0)=C(R00)-、-C≡C-、-N((R00)-、-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-置換,以此方式使得沒有氧及/或硫原子直接彼此接合,且其中一或多個氫原子亦可由F、Cl、Br、I、CN、P或P-Sp-置換,其中較佳地RMa及RMb基團中之至少一者為或含有P或P-Sp-基團,RMa及RMb 各自獨立地為P、P-Sp-、H、鹵素、SF5、NO2、烷基、烯基或炔基,其中較佳地RMa及RMb基團中之至少一者為或含有P或P-Sp-基團,AM1及AM2 各自獨立地為1,4-伸苯基、萘-1,4-二基、萘-2,6-二
基、菲-2,7-二基、蒽-2,7-二基、茀-2,7-二基、香豆素、黃酮,其中此等基團中之一或多個CH基團亦可由N、環己烷-1,4-二基置換,其中一或多個非鄰接CH2基團亦可由O及/或S、1,4-伸環己烯基、雙環[1.1.1]戊烷-1,3-二基、雙環[2.2.2]辛烷-1,4-二基、螺[3.3]庚烷-2,6-二基、哌啶-1,4-二基、十氫萘-2,6-二基、1,2,3,4-四氫化萘-2,6-二基、茚滿-2,5-二基或八氫-4,7-亞甲基茚滿-2,5-二基置換,其中全部此等基團可不由L取代或由L單取代或多取代,L 為P、P-Sp-、OH、CH2OH、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-NO2、-NCO、-NCS、-OCN、-SCN、-C(=O)N(Rx)2、-C(=O)Y1、-C(=O)Rx、-N(Rx)2、視情況經取代之矽烷基、具有6至20個碳原子之視情況經取代之至芳基,或具有1至25個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基、烷氧基、烷基羰基、烷氧羰基、烷基羰氧基或烷氧基羰氧基,其中一或多個氫原子亦可由F、Cl、P或P-Sp-置換,P 為可聚合基團,Y1 為鹵素,較佳地為F,Rx 為P、P-Sp-、H、鹵素、具有1至25個碳原子之直鏈、分支鏈或至環烷基,其中一或多個非鄰接CH2基團亦可由-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-置換,以此方式使得沒有氧及/或硫原子直接彼此接合,且其中一或多個氫原子亦可由F、Cl、P或P-Sp-,具有6至40個碳原子之視情況經取代之芳基或至芳氧基,或具有2至40個碳原子之視情況經取代之雜芳基或至雜芳氧基置換。
極其尤佳為其中RMa及Rmb中之一者或兩者為P或P-Sp-之式M化合物。
其中,個別基團定義如下:P1至P3 各自獨立地為較佳地具有上文及下文所指定的關於P之定義中之一者的可聚合基團,更佳地為丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸脂、氟丙烯酸酯、氧雜環丁烷、乙烯基氧基或環氧基,Sp1至Sp3各自獨立地為較佳地具有上文及下文所給定之Sp之定義中之一者的單鍵或間隔基團,且更佳地為-(CH2)P1-、-(CH2)P1-O-、-(CH2)P1-CO-O-或-(CH2)P1-O-CO-O-,其中p1為自1至12之整數,且其中在後者基團中與鄰接環之鍵結係藉助於氧原子,其中P1-Sp1-、P2-Sp2-及P3-Sp3-基團中之一者亦可為Raa;Raa 為H、F、Cl、CN或具有1至25個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基,其中一或多個非鄰接CH2基團亦可各自獨立地由C(R0)=C(R00)-、-C≡C-、-N(R0)-、-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-置換,以此方式使得沒有氧及/或硫原子直接彼此接合,且其中一或多個氫原子亦可由F、Cl、CN或P1-Sp1-,更佳地具有1至12個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈、經視情況選用之單或多氟化烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、烷基羰基、烷氧羰基或烷基羰氧基置換(其中烯基及炔基具有至少兩個碳原子且分支鏈基團具有至少三個碳原子),R0及R00 在每一示例處相同或不同且各自獨立地為H或具有1至12個碳原子之烷基,
Ry及Rz 各自獨立地為H、F、CH3或CF3;Z1 為-O-、-CO-、-C(RyRz)-或-CF2CF2-;Z2及Z3 各自獨立地為-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-或-(CH2)n-,其中n為2、3或4,L 在每一示例處相同或不同且具有上文式M下給定之涵義,其較佳地為F、Cl、CN或具有1至12個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈,視情況選用之單或多氟化烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、烷基羰基、烷氧羰基或烷基羰氧基,較佳地為F,L'及L" 各自獨立地為H、F或Cl,X1至X3 彼此獨立地為-CO-O-、-O-CO-或單鍵,r 為0、1、2、3或4,s 為0、1、2或3,t 為0、1或2,且x 為0或1。
適合之可聚合化合物列於(例如)表E中。
較佳地,根據本申請案之液晶介質含有總計0.01%至3%、較佳地0.1%至1.0%、更佳地0.1%至0.5%之可聚合化合物。
尤其較佳為式M2、式M13、式M17、式M22、式M23、式M24及式M30之可聚合化合物。
另外較佳為式M15至式M31之可聚合化合物,尤其為式M17、式M18、式M19、式M22、式M23、式M24、式M25、式M26、式M30及式M31之可聚合化合物。
本發明因此亦提供根據本發明之混合物在電光顯示器中之用途及根據本發明之混合物在尤其用於3D應用之快門眼鏡中之用途,及在TN、PS-TN、STN、TN-TFT、OCB、IPS、PS-IPS、FFS、PS-FFS及PS-VA-IPS顯示器中之用途。
在本申請案及後續實例中,以首字母縮寫詞之形式陳述液晶化合物之結構,該等首字母縮寫詞根據表A轉換為化學式。全部CnH2n+1及CmH2m+1基團為具有n個或m個碳原子之直鏈烷基;n、m及k為整數且較佳地為0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12,且更佳地為1、2、3、4、5、6或7。根據表B之寫碼為不證自明的。表A陳述僅用於基礎構架之首字母縮寫。在一些指定情況下,以下為藉由短劃與基礎構架之首字母縮寫分隔開之R1*、R2*、L1*及L2*取代基的代碼:
較佳混合物組分可見於表A及表B中。
尤其較佳為除式1及式2及式(3至5)及式6及/或式7化合物之外,亦包含來自表B之至少一種、兩種、三種、四種或多於四種之化合物
的液晶混合物。
在本發明之一較佳實施例中,液晶原介質包含選自表E之化合物之群的一或多種化合物。
下列混合物實例意欲說明而非限制本發明。
上文及下文中之百分比數字為按重量計之百分比。全部溫度皆以攝氏溫度報導。M.p.意謂熔點;C.p.=澄清點。另外,C=結晶狀態、N=向列相、S=矩列相且I=各向同性相。在此等符號之間的數字為轉變溫度。另外,- Δn意謂在589nm及20℃下之光學各向異性,- γ1意謂在20℃下之旋轉黏度(mPa.s),- Δε意謂在20℃及1kHz下之介電各向異性(Δε=ε∥-ε⊥,其中ε∥意謂平行於分子之縱軸之介電常數且ε⊥意謂在與其成直角下之介電常數),- V10意謂在20℃下以第一最小值(亦即,在0.5μm之d.Δn值下)在TN單元(90度扭轉)中測定之10%透射之電壓(V)(在與電鍍表面成直角下檢視方向)(臨限電壓),- V0為在20℃下在反向平行摩擦單元中藉由電容裝置測定之Fré edericksz臨限電壓。
除非另外明確指示,否則所有物理特性均根據「Merck Liquid Crystals,Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals」狀態1997年11月,德國Merck KGaA測定,且適用於20℃之溫度。
與來自實例1之混合物相比,來自比較實例1之混合物並不含有任何式2化合物且具有較高黏度。
APUQU-2-F 10.00%
與來自實例2之混合物相比,來自比較實例2之混合物並不含有任何式2化合物且具有較高黏度。
與來自實例3之混合物相比,來自比較實例3之混合物並不含有任何式2化合物且具有較高黏度。
與來自實例4之混合物相比,來自比較實例4之混合物並不含有任何式2化合物且具有較高黏度。
CC-3-V 47.00% 澄清點/℃: 75.5
Claims (25)
- 一種液晶介質,其特徵在於其包含一或多種式1化合物
- 如請求項1至8中任一項之液晶介質,其包含20重量%至65重量%之一或多種該式1化合物;及2重量%至15重量%之一或多種該式2化合物;及5重量%至30重量%之選自該式3、該式4及該式5之一或多種化合物;及2重量%至20重量%之選自該式6及該式7之一或多種化合物。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項之液晶介質,其包含該式1、該式2及該式3中之每一者之一或多種化合物及選自該式6及該式7之一或多 種化合物。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項之液晶介質,其中其另外包含選自UV穩定劑、摻雜劑及抗氧化劑之群的一或多種添加劑。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項之液晶介質,其中其另外包含一或多種可聚合化合物。
- 一種如請求項1至20中任一項之液晶介質用於電光目的之用途。
- 一種如請求項1至20中任一項之液晶介質在3D應用之快門眼鏡中之用途。
- 一種電光液晶顯示器,其包含如請求項1至20中任一項之液晶介質。
- 如請求項24之電光液晶顯示器,其中其為TN、PS-TN、STN、ECB、OCB、IPS、PS-IPS、FFS、PS-FFS或正-VA顯示器。
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