TWI724486B - 可撓性密封的光電介質 - Google Patents
可撓性密封的光電介質 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI724486B TWI724486B TW108127732A TW108127732A TWI724486B TW I724486 B TWI724486 B TW I724486B TW 108127732 A TW108127732 A TW 108127732A TW 108127732 A TW108127732 A TW 108127732A TW I724486 B TWI724486 B TW I724486B
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- optoelectronic
- styrene
- ethylene
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Abstract
本發明揭示出一種光電介質,其包括一包含黏著劑的連續相及一包含光電材料的不連續相。該黏著劑可包括一或多種具有楊氏模數少於25 MPa的彈性體。該光電材料可包括膠囊,其密封各種種類能切換光學狀態的材料,諸如複數個分散在懸浮流體中且能在對該懸浮流體施加電場後移動之帶電粒子。該光電介質可被併入一積層可撓的光電顯示器中,其中該顯示器具有一外光透射保護層及在該光電介質的任一面上之導電材料。該在光電介質的至少一面上之導電材料亦可具光透射性。該顯示器相對於該外保護層的相反面亦可包括一基材。
Description
[相關申請案之相互參照]
本申請案主張2018年8月7日提出之具有序號62/715,314的美國臨時專利申請案之利益及優先權,其內容全文以參考之方式併入本文。
本發明係關於一種可撓顯示器。更特別是,在一個態樣中,本發明係關於一種包括密封的光電介質之光電顯示器。
光電顯示器可使用在需要輕材料重量及低電力消耗的多種應用中。對可撓或可摺疊的光電顯示器亦有增長的需求。雖然光電顯示器可包括可撓層或基材,此顯示器亦會在極端應力下損傷,特別是,併入密封的光電介質之顯示器。此破壞可因膠囊壁的機械斷裂而發生。斷裂會造成膠囊的內相在顯示器內漂移。若積層的黏著層係呈現與該光電介質毗連時,會有該內相溶解此黏著層而留下如該顯示器的無光學活性區域之風險,此將造成之後在顯示器上所書寫的任何影像有視覺缺陷。
因此,對改良在可撓或可摺疊顯示器中之密封的光電介質之機械強度以減低此視覺缺陷發生有需求。
在一個態樣中,一光電介質可包括一包含黏著劑的連續相及一包含光電材料的不連續相,其中該黏著劑包含一具有楊氏模數少於25 MPa的彈性體。
將參閱下列說明來瞭解本發明的這些及其它態樣。
在下列詳細說明中,藉由實施例提出許多具體細節以對相關教示提供完整了解。但是,熟習該項技術者應明瞭,本教示可沒有此細節而實行。
通常來說,本發明的多個具體實例包含一可併入可撓或可摺疊顯示器中之光電介質。該光電介質可包含複數個膠囊及黏著劑。該黏著劑可包括一或多種具有楊氏模數少於25 MPa的彈性體。如於本文中所使用,遍及本專利說明書及申請專利範圍之用語「彈性體」意謂著巨分子材料,其在藉由弱應力實質上變形及釋放應力後,會快速返回大約其起始尺寸及形狀。
該等膠囊可密封多種種類能切換光學狀態的材料,諸如包含複數個分散在懸浮流體中且能在對該懸浮流體施加電場後移動之帶電粒子的電泳流體。該光電介質可被併入一具有外光透射保護層及在該光電介質的任一面上有導電材料之積層式可撓光電顯示器中。在該光電介質的至少一面上之導電材料亦可具光透射性。該顯示器相對於該外保護層的相對面亦可包括一基材。
當施用至材料或顯示器時,用語「光電」於本文中係以其在成像技藝中習知的意義使用而指為一具有至少一種光學性質不同之第一及第二顯示狀態的材料,其中該材料係藉由對該材料施加電場而自其第一改變至其第二顯示狀態。雖然該光學性質典型為人類眼睛可辨別的顏色,其可係另一種光學性質,諸如光學透射率、反射率、發光度;或在意欲用於機器讀取的顯示器之情況中,就在可見光範圍外之電磁波長的反射率變化之意義來說,為假色(pseudo-color)。
就該材料具有固體外表面的意義來說,某些光電材料係固體,然而該材料可且經常確實具有內部液體或氣體填充空間。於此之後,為了方便起見,此使用固體光電材料的顯示器可指為「固體光電顯示器」。因此,用語「固體光電顯示器」包括雙色轉動(rotating bichromal)件顯示器、密封式電泳顯示器、微胞電泳顯示器及密封式液晶顯示器。
於本文中,用語「雙穩定」及「雙穩定性」係以其在技藝中習知的意義使用而指為一包含具有至少一種光學性質不同之第一及第二顯示狀態的顯示元件之顯示器,以便在已經藉由有限時間段的定址脈衝來驅動任何所提供的元件至呈現其第一或第二顯示狀態後,於該定址脈衝已終止後,此狀態將存留一段至少數倍於改變該顯示元件狀態所需要之定址脈衝的最小時間段之時間,例如至少四倍。在美國專利案號7,170,670中某些有灰階能力的粒子基底電泳顯示器,其不僅在其極端的黑色及白色狀態下穩定,而且亦在其中間灰色狀態下穩定,且某些其它型式的光電顯示器亦同。此型式的顯示器合適地稱為「多穩定」而非雙穩定,然而為了方便起見,於本文中之用語「雙穩定」可使用來涵蓋雙穩定及多穩定顯示器二者。
一種型式的光電顯示器係雙色轉動件型式,如例如描述在美國專利案號5,808,783、5,777,782、5,760,761、6,054,071、6,055,091、6,097,531、6,128,124、6,137,467及6,147,791中(雖然此型式的顯示器經常指為「雙色轉動球」顯示器,用語「雙色轉動件」係較佳,因為其更精準,因為在上述提及的某些專利中,該轉動件並非球形)。此顯示器使用大量具有二或更多個具有不同光學特徵的區段及內部偶極之小物體(典型為球形或圓柱狀)。這些物體係懸浮在基質中之填充液體的液泡內,該液泡係填充一液體,以便該等物體能自由轉動。該顯示器的表相係藉由向其施加電場而改變,該等物體因而轉動至不同位置,而變化透過觀看表面所看見的該物體的區段。此型式之光電介質典型為雙穩定。
另一種已經係熱切研究及發展標的有數年之久的光電顯示器型式係粒子基底的電泳顯示器,其中複數個帶電粒子會在電場影響下移動通過流體。當與液晶顯示器比較時,電泳顯示器可具有下列屬性:好的明亮度及對比、寬視角、狀態雙穩定性及低電力消耗。然而,這些顯示器的長時間影像品質問題已阻止其廣泛用途。例如,構成電泳顯示器的粒子趨向於沈澱,此將造成這些顯示器有不適當使用壽命。
如上述提到,電泳介質需要流體存在。在大部分先述技藝電泳介質中,此流體係液體,但是該電泳介質可使用氣體流體製造,參見例如,Kitamura,T.等人,「Electrical toner movement for electronic paper-like display」,IDW Japan,2001,Paper HCS1-1;及Yamaguchi,Y.等人,「Toner display using insulative particles charged triboelectrically」,IDW Japan,2001,Paper AMD4-4。亦參見美國專利案號7,321,459及7,236,291。當該介質係在可有此沈澱的方向上使用時,例如,該介質係配置在垂直平面中的招牌,此氣體基底之電泳介質易受與液體基底的電泳介質相同型式之由於粒子沈澱的問題影響。更確切來說,在氣體基底的電泳介質中,粒子沈澱顯露出比在液體基底中更嚴重的問題,因為與液體比較,氣體懸浮流體的較低黏度使得電泳粒子更快速沈澱。
許多讓予Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),E Ink Corporation,E Ink California,LLC及相關公司或以其名義的專利及申請案描述出使用在經密封及微胞電泳及其它光電介質中之多種技術。經密封的電泳介質包含許多小膠囊,其各者自身皆包括內相,內相含有在流體介質中的電泳移動粒子;及環繞該內相的膠囊壁。典型來說,該等膠囊本身係保持在聚合物黏著劑內而形成一配置在二個電極間之相干層。在微胞電泳顯示器中,該帶電粒子及流體未被密封於微膠囊中,反而是被保留在典型為聚合物膜的載體介質中形成之複數個空腔內。在這些專利及申請案中所描述的技術包括:
(a)電泳粒子、流體及流體添加劑;參見例如,美國專利案號7,002,728及7,679,814;
(b)膠囊、黏著劑及密封方法;參見例如,美國專利案號6,922,276及7,411,719;
(c)微胞結構、壁材料及形成微胞的方法;參見例如,美國專利案號7,072,095及9,279,906;
(d)用以裝填及密封微胞的方法;參見例如,美國專利案號7,144,942及7,715,088;
(e)包括光電材料的膜及次組合;參見例如,美國專利案號6,982,178及7,839,564;
(f)使用在顯示器的背板、黏著層及其它輔助層及方法;參見例如,美國專利案號7,116,318及7,535,624;
(g)顏色形成及顏色調整;參見例如,美國專利案號7,075,502及7,839,564;
(h)用以驅動顯示器的方法;參見例如,美國專利案號7,012,600及7,453,445;
(i)顯示器之應用;參見例如,美國專利案號7,312,784及8,009,348;及
(j)非電泳顯示器,如在美國專利案號6,241,921及美國專利申請案公開號2015/0277160中所描述;及密封及微胞技術除了顯示器外的應用;參見例如,美國專利申請案公開號2015/0005720及2016/0012710。
許多前述提及的專利及申請案認知到,可由一連續相置換在經密封的電泳介質中環繞個別微膠囊之壁,因此製造出所謂的聚合物分散型電泳顯示器,其中該電泳介質包含複數個個別的電泳流體小滴及聚合物材料連續相,及在此聚合物分散型電泳顯示器中之個別的電泳流體小滴可視為膠囊或微膠囊,即使無與每個各別小滴連接的個別膠囊膜,參見例如,前述提及的美國專利案號6,866,760。因此,為了本申請案的目的,此聚合物分散型電泳介質視為經密封的電泳介質之亞種。
亦可在本發明之顯示器中使用其它型式的光電介質。
密封式電泳顯示器典型不會遭遇到傳統電泳裝置之團化及沈澱故障模式並提供進一步優點,諸如在廣泛多種可撓及堅硬基材上印刷或塗佈顯示器的能力。(用字「印刷」之使用意欲包括全部形式的印刷及塗佈,包括但不限於:預計量式塗佈法,諸如區塊式模具塗佈法(patch die coating)、狹縫或擠壓塗佈法、斜板式或階式塗佈法、簾幕塗佈法;輥塗法,諸如輥襯刮刀塗佈法(knife over roll coating)、前向及逆向輥塗佈法;凹版塗佈法、浸沾塗佈法、噴灑塗佈法、彎月液面塗佈法、旋轉塗佈法、刷塗法、氣刀塗佈法、絹版印刷方法、靜電印刷方法、熱印刷方法、噴墨印刷方法、電泳沈積法(參見美國專利案號7,339,715);及其它類似技術)。因此,所產生的顯示器可具可撓性。再者,因為該顯示介質可被印刷(使用多種方法),該顯示器自身可不貴地製得。
如已經提到,經密封的光電介質典型包含配置在聚合物黏著劑中之膠囊,此提供於相干層中形成個別膠囊。在聚合物分散型電泳介質中的連續相提供類似功能。本發明探索提供能減低或消除該經密封的光電介質斷裂及洩漏之可能性之經改良的黏著劑組成物,其中該斷裂及洩漏可產生自在彎曲可撓顯示器期間所施加的應力。根據本發明的多個具體實例之黏著劑系統較佳為具有足夠的強度以抵擋當彎曲至非常小的半徑(即,>7毫米)時所遭遇到之應力。
現在的黏著劑技術未設計出能消散在極端彎曲期間所遭遇到的應力,因此,應力會集中在膠囊壁上。咸信藉由在黏著劑系統內使用高黏彈性聚合物,可對該應力去定域化及減低或消除斷裂的可能性。本發明的一個態樣為該黏著劑系統包括一能量消散性彈性體。此彈性體典型係相分離的聚合物,諸如嵌段共聚物及熱塑性聚合物。該併入黏著劑的彈性體可具有楊氏模數少於約25 MPa、20 MPa、15 MPa、10 MPa、5 MPa及1 MPa,且較佳度係隨著所列出的順序增加。在本發明的多個具體實例中所併入之彈性體可在溫度-10至+40℃間具有楊氏儲存模數E’於0.1 MPa至1000 MPa間,損失因子大於0.3,及在頻率範圍0至500赫茲下之剪切儲存模數G’於0.1 MPa至500 MPa間。該彈性體亦可具有玻璃轉換溫度範圍在-125至+20℃內。在該黏著劑系統中的彈性體較佳為亦於光電材料中不混溶。再者,關於密封在膠囊內的光電材料,該彈性體較佳為與該膠囊材料相容,即,該彈性體將不排斥該膠囊壁。
在本發明的多個具體實例中所包含之彈性體實施例包括但不限於合成及天然橡膠、聚丁二烯、聚異戊二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-異戊二烯/丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、異戊二烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物、丁二烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-異丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、丁基橡膠、乙烯-丙烯-二烯單體橡膠(諸如,乙烯丙烯二烯三聚物、乙烯辛烯共聚物、乙烯丁烯共聚物、乙烯辛烯三聚物、乙烯丁烯三聚物、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯及乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚胺基甲酸酯彈性體、環氧基-丙烯酸酯熱固性樹脂、聚氯丁二烯橡膠、丙烯 腈丁二烯橡膠、氫化的丙烯腈丁二烯橡膠、烷基化氯磺化的聚乙烯、表氯醇、乙烯α烯烴彈性體、聚矽氧橡膠、聚矽氧嵌段共聚物(諸如,聚(二甲基矽氧烷)-共-聚碳酸酯)、丙烯酸系聚合物及其組合。
本發明的進一步態樣為提供一種機械強度光電介質,其類似於可併入可撓顯示器中之聚合物分散型光電介質,但是使用相對較低的黏著劑對密封介質重量比率。如與包括聚合物分散型光電介質的顯示器比較,此可提供一種較輕且具有改良的光學性質之顯示器,此係因為存在於該可切換層中的密封介質之量增加。最好本發明的多個具體實例在該光電介質中具有黏著劑對光電材料重量比率係至少0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.40、0.45、0.50、0.55及0.60,且較佳度係隨著所提供的順序增加。
根據本發明的多個具體實例之黏著劑系統可進一步包含一或多種非彈性體聚合物。可併入本發明的多個具體實例之非彈性體聚合物的實施例包括但不限於多醣、聚乙烯醇類、聚(N-乙烯吡咯啶酮)、聚乙二醇、聚(丙烯酸2-羥乙酯)、雙酚A二縮水甘油醚之聚合物、聚胺基甲酸酯選擇性與一或多種丙烯酸系混鍊的乳膠、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚矽氧、環氧化的蔬菜油脂肪酸、蔬菜油脂肪酸的環氧化酯及其組合。可併入本發明的多個具體實例中之額外非彈性體材料係揭示在美國專利案號6,831,769、7,110,164、7,173,752、7,477,444、7,551,346及9,470,950;和美國專利申請案公開號2007/0091417及2009/0122389中,其內容全文於此以參考之方式併入本文。最好該包含根據本發明的多個具體實例之材料的摻合物之黏著劑系統包括彈性體對非彈性體聚合物重量比率,其係至少0.05、0.10、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.35、0.40、0.45,且較佳度係隨著所提供的順序增加,及不多於0.95、0.90、0.85、0.80、0.75、0.70、0.65、0.60、0.55、0.50,且較佳度係隨著所提供的順序增加。
在某些應用中,可想要該黏著劑系統有某一程度的交聯以保證該層當被併入具有多種層的積層顯示器中時能於彎曲期間維持尺寸穩定性及阻擋蠕變。如於本文中所使用,「蠕變」意謂著在可撓性積層顯示器中的某些材料,諸如黏著劑系統或黏著劑,當其撓曲時趨向於進行流體流動,結果為該光電介質及/或其它層會相對於該背板稍微移動。若例如該顯示器係一彩色顯示器,其濾色片陣列係配置在該光電介質之與背板相對的面上時,此可造成嚴重問題,因為在此顯示器中,該濾色片陣列的多種顏色條紋或其它單元需要與畫素電極對準;或可在所顯示的影像中發生嚴重的顏色扭曲。考慮例如二個毗連的畫素電極與紅色及藍色濾色片元件對準之顯示器。若該濾色片陣列相對於背板蠕變而使得該原始與紅色元件對準的畫素電極現在與一半紅色元件及一半藍色元件對準時,將容易地顯現出所顯示的影像之顏色將與所意欲者實質上不同。
根據本發明的多個具體實例之黏著劑系統可藉由使用可交聯的彈性體(參見例如,美國專利案號5,262,232)或彈性體與可交聯的非彈性體聚合物之摻合(參見例如,美國專利案號5,331,062)達成交聯。因此,在該黏著劑系統中之交聯程度可進行改變,以對所提供的應用提供能量逸散性質及抗蠕變性二者。該交聯可係物理及/或化學性。
可將其它添加劑併入根據本發明的多個具體實例之黏著劑系統中以改良其黏彈性或其它性質。此添加劑包括但不限於安定劑/抗氧化劑(例如,空間位阻酚及/或硫醚、空間位阻芳香族胺及其類似物)、增黏樹脂(例如,松香樹脂、萜烯樹脂、萜烯酚樹脂、衍生自裂解的石油蒸餾液之烴樹脂、芳香族增黏樹脂、妥爾油樹脂、酮樹脂及醛樹脂);塑化劑,諸如二元酸的C1-10
烷基酯(例如,酞酸酯)、二芳基醚、聚伸烷基二醇的苯甲酸酯、有機磷酸鹽、及酚或甲酚的烷基磺酸酯;充填劑(例如,奈米黏土、碳奈米管、白堊、滑石、碳酸鈣、碳黑、碳酸鈣-鎂、重晶石、黏土、雲母、矽酸鹽);及蠟。
對想要交聯的摻合物來說,該黏著劑系統可進一步包含固化劑及選擇性固化加速劑。該固化劑的實施例包括但不限於能引發自由基反應的物質,例如,有機過氧化物,包括過氧化酮、過氧化二醯基、過酯、過縮酮、氫過氧化物及其它,諸如氫過氧化異丙苯、雙(過氧三級丁基)二異丙基苯、二(-2-三級丁基過氧基異丙基苯)、1,1-二-三級丁基過氧基-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷、過氧化二異丙苯基、苯甲酸三級丁基過氧酯、過氧基二碳酸二烷酯、二過氧縮酮(諸如,1,1-二-三級丁基過氧基-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷)、過氧化酮(例如,過氧化甲基乙基酮)及戊酸4,4-二-三級丁基過氧基正丁基酯。除了過氧化物外,可使用多官能基反應性化合物,諸如異氰酸酯、環氧化物及馬來醯亞胺。該加速劑的實施例包括但不限於噻唑類及亞磺醯胺類。
根據本發明的多個具體實例之光電介質可被併入可撓性光電顯示器中。光電顯示器正常包含一光電材料層及至少二層配置在該光電材料的相對面上之其它層,其中這二層之一係電極層。在大部分此顯示器中,此二層皆係電極層及此電極層之一或二者係經圖形化以界定出該顯示器之畫素。例如,一層電極層可圖形化成伸長的列電極及另一層係與該列電極呈直角佈置之伸長的行電極,該畫素係由該列與行電極之交叉點界定。任擇及更通常地,一層電極層具有單一連續電極形式及另一層電極層係圖形化成畫素電極矩陣,其各者界定出該顯示器的一個畫素。在另一種意欲與電筆(stylus)、印刷頭或與該顯示器分開的類似可移動電極一起使用之光電顯示器型式中,與該光電層毗連的層僅有一層包含電極,在該光電層的相對面上之層典型係意欲防止該可移動電極損傷該光電層的保護層。
現在參照圖1及2,其闡明根據本發明的一個具體實例之可撓顯示器。該可撓顯示器可包括提供觀看表面的光透射保護層10。該保護層10較佳為可撓且塗佈上亦具光透射性的第一導電材料層12。然後,將包括黏著劑系統13及密封介質11的光電介質層14施加至該導電材料12。可在該光電介質14與基材18間包括選擇性第二導電材料層16。在某些具體實例中,該基材18可係背板及該第二導電材料層16可包括複數個導體。在某些具體實例中,該基材18及該第二導電材料層16可具光透射性以提供一雙面顯示器。在其它具體實例中,該基材18可係釋放薄片,其在隨後的積層程序前移除。在圖1及2中闡明之顯示器亦可在該堆疊中之任何二層間包括一或多層積層黏著劑(未顯示)。如在圖2中闡明,該黏著劑系統13應該具有足夠的能量逸散,以便該顯示器撓曲時將不會讓存在於該顯示器之彎曲區域內的密封介質11斷裂,甚至當彎曲至相當小的半徑時。
該光電顯示器之製造正常包括至少一個積層操作。例如,在數個前述提及的MIT及E Ink專利及申請案中,有描述出一種用以製造密封式電泳顯示器之方法,其中將一在黏著劑中包含膠囊之經密封的電泳介質塗佈在一於塑膠膜上包含氧化銦錫(ITO)或類似導電塗佈物之可撓基材上(其作用為最終顯示器的一個電極),乾燥該膠囊/黏著劑塗佈物以形成一結實黏附至該基材的相干電泳介質層。分別製備一包含畫素電極陣列及經適當安排將該畫素電極連接至驅動電路系統的導體之背板。為了形成最終顯示器,使用積層黏著劑將該上面具有膠囊/黏著層的基材積層至該背板。(可使用非常類似的方法,藉由以上面可滑動電筆或其它可移動電極的簡單保護層諸如塑膠膜來置換該背板而製備一可與電筆或類似可移動電極使用之電泳顯示器。)在此方法的一種較佳形式中,該背板自身係可撓及藉由在塑膠膜或其它可撓基材上印刷該畫素電極及導體而製備。藉由此方法來大量製造顯示器的顯著積層技術為使用積層黏著劑之輥積層法。可使用類似的製造技術與其它型式的光電顯示器。例如,可使用與經密封的電泳介質實質上相同之方式,將微胞電泳介質或雙色轉動件介質積層至背板。
美國專利申請案公開號2007/0109219亦描述出多種經設計用以大批量製造使用逆向前平面積層板的光電顯示器之方法,這些方法的較佳形式為「拼板(multi-up)」方法,其係經設計而允許一次積層用於複數個光電顯示器的構件。
光電顯示器經常昂貴,例如,在可攜帶式電腦上所碰到的彩色LCD其成本典型為整體電腦成本的很大一部分。當光電顯示器之使用延伸到比可攜帶式電腦更便宜之裝置諸如手機及個人數位助理(PDA’s)時,對減低此顯示器成本有著重大壓力。如上述討論之藉由印刷技術在可撓基材上形成某些固體光電介質層的能力打開了藉由使用大量製造技術諸如輥對輥塗佈法,使用該使用於塗佈紙、聚合物膜及類似介質之製造的商業設備來減低顯示器的光電構件成本之可能性。
前述提及的美國專利案號6,982,178描述出良好適應於大量製造之組裝固體光電顯示器(包括密封式電泳顯示器)的方法。基本上,此專利描述出所謂的「前平面積層板」(「FPL」),其依序包括一光透射導電層、一與該導電層電接觸的固體光電介質層、一黏著層及一釋放薄片。典型來說,該光透射導電層將被帶至一較佳為可撓的光透射基材,其中可撓的意義為該基材可手動纏繞至直徑(大約)10英吋(254毫米)的鼓輪而沒有永久變形。在此專利中及於此所使用之用語「光透射」意謂著因此標明出的層能透射足夠的光而讓觀看者透視該層觀看到光電介質之顯示狀態改變,此正常將通過該導電層及毗連基材(若存在時)看到;在該光電介質於不可見光波長處顯示出反射性改變之情況中,用語「光透射」當然應該解釋為指為該相關不可見光波長的透射。該基材典型將係一聚合物膜及正常將具有厚度在約1至約25密耳(25至634微米)之範圍,較佳為約2至約10密耳(51至254微米)。該導電層合宜地係一薄金屬或金屬氧化物層,例如,鋁或ITO;或可係一導電聚合物。可商業購得塗佈鋁或ITO的聚(對酞酸乙二酯)(PET)膜,例如,如為來自E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company,Wilmington DE的「鍍鋁Mylar」(「Mylar」係註冊商標),及此商業材料可使用在前平面積層板中而有好的結果。
組合使用此前平面積層板的光電顯示器可藉由自該前平面積層板移除該釋放薄片,及在有效造成該黏著層黏附至該背板之條件下讓該黏著層與背板接觸,因此讓該黏著層、光電介質層及導電層穩固至該背板而實現。此方法良好適應於大量製造,因為該前平面積層板典型可使用輥對輥塗佈技術大量製造,然後切割成與特定背板一起使用時所需要之任何尺寸的片件。
美國專利案號7,561,324描述出一種所謂的「雙釋放薄片」,其基本上係前述提及的美國專利案號6,982,178之前平面積層板的簡化版本。一種形式的雙釋放薄片包含固體光電介質層夾在二層黏著層間,其中該等黏著層之一或二者係由一釋放薄片覆蓋。另一種形式的雙釋放薄片包含固體光電介質層夾在二層釋放薄片層間。二者形式的雙釋放膜意欲使用在通常類似於自已經描述的前平面積層板來組裝光電顯示器之方法的方法中,但是包括二次分別的積層;典型來說,在第一次積層中,將該雙釋放薄片積層至一前端電極而形成一前端次組裝件,然後在第二次積層中,將該前端次組裝件積層至一背板而形成最終顯示器,然而若必要時,這二次積層之順序可顛倒。
美國專利案號7,839,564描述出所謂的「逆向前平面積層板」,其係在前述提及的美國專利案號6,982,178中所描述之前平面積層板的變體。此逆向前平面積層板依序包含光透射保護層與光透射導電層之至少一種、一黏著層、一固體光電介質層及一釋放薄片。此逆向前平面積層板係使用來形成一在該光電層與前端電極或前端基材間具有積層黏著層之光電顯示器,可於該光電層與背板間存在或不存在一第二典型薄黏著層。此光電顯示器可結合好的解析度與好的低溫性能。
與例如在液晶介質二面上需要透明基材典型為玻璃之液晶顯示器比較,電泳介質及顯示器趨向於具機械強度。數件前述提及的E Ink專利及申請案描述出用來製造電泳顯示器之方法,其中該電泳介質係塗佈在具備導電層的可撓塑膠基材上,及將所產生的電泳介質/基材次組裝件積層至包括電極矩陣的背板而形成最終顯示器。再者,前述提及的美國專利案號6,825,068描述出在電泳顯示器中有用及以塗佈聚醯亞胺之不銹鋼箔為主的背板。此等技術可製造出比玻璃基底的液晶顯示器更不受破裂影響之可撓性電泳顯示器。
雖然已經於本文中顯示及描述出本發明的較佳具體實例,將要了解的是,此等具體實例僅提供作為實施例。將由熟習該項技術者出現許多變化、改變及取代而沒有離開本發明之精神。因此,意欲所附加的申請專利範圍涵蓋全部此等變化,如落在本發明之精神及範圍內般。
前述提及的專利及申請案之全部內容全文於此以參考之方式併入本文。
10‧‧‧光透射保護層
11‧‧‧密封介質
12‧‧‧第一導電材料層
13‧‧‧黏著劑系統
14‧‧‧光電介質層
16‧‧‧第二導電材料層
18‧‧‧基材
該等圖式敘述出根據本概念的一或多個實施,其僅作為實施例而不作為限制。該等圖式未呈比例。在圖式中,類似的元件符號指為相同或類似的元件。
圖1係根據本發明的第一具體實例之光電顯示器的截面側視圖。
圖2係圖1之光電顯示器在折疊條件下的截面側視圖。
10‧‧‧光透射保護層
11‧‧‧密封介質
12‧‧‧第一導電材料層
13‧‧‧黏著劑系統
14‧‧‧光電介質層
16‧‧‧第二導電材料層
18‧‧‧基材
Claims (16)
- 一種光電介質,其包括:包含黏著劑的連續相及包含光電材料的不連續相,其中該黏著劑包含具有楊氏模數少於25MPa的彈性體,其中該光電材料包含複數個分散在懸浮流體中且能在對該懸浮流體施加電場時移動穿過其之帶電粒子。
- 如請求項1之光電介質,其中該光電介質係密封在膠囊內。
- 如請求項1之光電介質,其中該彈性體係嵌段共聚物。
- 如請求項3之光電介質,其中該嵌段共聚物係苯乙烯-異丁烯-苯乙烯聚合物。
- 如請求項1之光電介質,其中該彈性體係丙烯酸系聚合物。
- 如請求項1之光電介質,其中該黏著劑包含至少二種彈性體的混合物。
- 如請求項1之光電介質,其中該黏著劑包含至少一種選自於由下列所組成之群的彈性體:合成及天然橡膠、聚丁二烯、聚異戊二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-異戊二烯/丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、異戊二烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物、丁二烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-異丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、丁基橡膠、乙烯-丙烯-二烯單體橡膠、聚胺基甲酸酯彈性體、聚氯丁二烯橡膠、丙烯腈丁二烯橡膠、氫化的丙烯腈丁二烯橡膠、烷基化氯磺化的聚乙烯、 表氯醇、乙烯α烯烴彈性體、聚矽氧橡膠、聚矽氧嵌段共聚物、丙烯酸系聚合物及其組合。
- 如請求項7之光電介質,其中該乙烯-丙烯-二烯單體橡膠係選自於由下列所組成之群:乙烯丙烯二烯三聚物、乙烯辛烯共聚物、乙烯丁烯共聚物、乙烯辛烯三聚物、乙烯丁烯三聚物、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯及乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯。
- 如請求項1之光電介質,其中該彈性體具有楊氏模數少於10MPa。
- 如請求項1之光電介質,其中該彈性體具有玻璃轉換溫度在-125至+20℃之範圍內。
- 如請求項1之光電介質,其中所包含的黏著劑係該光電介質之至少約20重量百分比至約50重量百分比。
- 如請求項1之光電介質,其中該黏著劑進一步包含至少一種非彈性體聚合物。
- 如請求項12之光電介質,其中該至少一種非彈性體聚合物係選自於由下列所組成之群:多醣、聚乙烯醇類、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、N-乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚乙二醇、聚(丙烯酸2-羥乙酯)、聚胺基甲酸酯選擇性與一種以上丙烯酸系物混鍊的乳膠、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚矽氧、環氧化的蔬菜油脂肪酸、蔬菜油脂肪酸的環氧化酯及其組合。
- 一種積層板,其包含如請求項1之光電介質之層、光透射基材、及配置在該光電介質與該基材之間的光透射電極。
- 如請求項14之積層板,其更包含釋放薄片,其中該光電介質係配置在該釋放薄片與該光透射電極之間。
- 一種光電顯示器,其依序包含:光透射保護層;光透射導電層;光電介質,其包括:包含黏著劑的連續相及包含光電材料的不連續相,其中該黏著劑包含一具有楊氏模數少於25MPa的彈性體;及基材,其包含至少一個導體;其中該光電材料包含複數個分散在懸浮流體中且能在對該懸浮流體施加電場時移動穿過其之帶電粒子。
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JP2022075875A (ja) | 2022-05-18 |
WO2020033176A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
EP3834038A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
CA3105132C (en) | 2023-06-27 |
US20200050025A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
TW202008058A (zh) | 2020-02-16 |
EP3834038B1 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
US11886050B2 (en) | 2024-01-30 |
CA3105132A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
US20220291530A1 (en) | 2022-09-15 |
PL3834038T3 (pl) | 2024-04-02 |
RU2767470C1 (ru) | 2022-03-17 |
JP2021532415A (ja) | 2021-11-25 |
EP3834038C0 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
EP3834038A4 (en) | 2022-04-27 |
CN112513727A (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
ES2969101T3 (es) | 2024-05-16 |
KR20210018523A (ko) | 2021-02-17 |
US11378824B2 (en) | 2022-07-05 |
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