TWI722672B - 選擇性電鍍三維熱塑性部件及其製造方法 - Google Patents

選擇性電鍍三維熱塑性部件及其製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI722672B
TWI722672B TW108142134A TW108142134A TWI722672B TW I722672 B TWI722672 B TW I722672B TW 108142134 A TW108142134 A TW 108142134A TW 108142134 A TW108142134 A TW 108142134A TW I722672 B TWI722672 B TW I722672B
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polycarbonate film
film
hard
metal
dimensional
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保羅安德魯 布雷
馬汀佛恩 赫伯特
凱斯保羅 帕森斯
彼得艾倫 沃里克
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美商麥克達米德恩索龍股份有限公司
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Abstract

一種製造一選擇性電鍍三維熱塑性部件之方法。該方法包括下列步驟:a)提供未固化聚碳酸酯膜的一膜,其具有在其一第一表面上之一硬塗層;b)藉由在該聚碳酸酯膜之該第一表面上以一所欲圖案沉積一催化劑來選擇性催化該聚碳酸酯膜;c)熱成形該聚碳酸酯膜以形成一三維聚碳酸酯膜;d)藉由以UV射線幅照該膜來UV固化該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜;e)模製該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜以產生包含該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之一三維模製部件;f)活化該經選擇性催化之硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜;及g)在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上電鍍一金屬層,其中該經電鍍金屬僅沉積在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上。

Description

選擇性電鍍三維熱塑性部件及其製造方法
本發明大致上係關於一種選擇性電鍍三維表面以產生裝飾效果及功能效應的改良方法。
廣泛多樣的要求經加諸在熱塑性組件上,包括但不限於耐磨防刮的表面塗層、允許色彩多樣性及高色彩密度,且亦實現二維裝飾及/或符號。
此外,常係所欲的是選擇性裝飾三維部件,使得一些區域具有金屬外表面,而其他區域具有透明表面。一個此類實例涉及「點亮前隱密(secret-until-lit)」汽車內裝部件,其中可包括(多個)符號及/或文本的物品看起來如同金屬飾面,直到打開部件後方的照明。透明無電鍍區域允許光透射及出現影像。一般而言,實質上平坦的塑膠模製產品係經電鍍,其所具有的優點在於從塑膠模製產品的後側照明時,保持未電鍍的部分亮起。
一種製造「點亮前隱密」部件之方法涉及使用聚碳酸酯上之丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)之多層表面。ABS層係以影像方式雷射剝蝕以產生經暴露之聚碳酸酯之圖案化區域。接著,此可根據現有的塑膠電鍍方法進行電鍍。然而,此程序昂貴,且需要許多程序步驟,既是時間密集也是勞力密集的。
日本專利公開案第JPS61288094號(Sony)描述一種用於電鍍透光塑膠板之方法,但無所欲圖案。半透明(透明或半透明)塑膠係用於各種裝置之顯示部分,且具有從反面照明即照亮未經電鍍之字符和圖案的優點。該方法包括無電銅層,其係施加至基材,並接著以鹼性可溶油墨成像。表面接著以鎳、鉻、或類似金屬電鍍,並浸漬於鹼中以移除經成像區域(亦即,油墨及電鍍金屬)。之後,藉由化學蝕刻移除經暴露的銅層。然而,此構造在處理期間無法成形為三維形狀。
日本專利公開案第JPS62235495號(Kuirihara Mekki Kojo)描述以光阻劑塗佈並接著使用UV光以影像方式固化的基材。未固化區域經溶解於顯影溶液中,並電鍍經暴露的基材。第二顯影階段接著移除經UV固化之抗蝕劑並暴露未電鍍基材。然而,此程序不會在未電鍍區域中產生硬塗層,且因此成品部件可能更容易受損。
日本專利公開案第JPS63182110號(Mitsubishi)描述一種模穴,其係以圖案化陶瓷層遮罩。金屬係過電鍍以填充遮罩中的間隙。接著,將模製樹脂注入穴中,且金屬圖案黏住模製樹脂。此程序亦不會在未電鍍區域中產生硬塗層。
美國專利公開案第2002/0197492號(Hao等人)(其主題全文係以引用方式併入本文中)描述一種在二維或三維塑膠組件的表面上選擇性電鍍金屬圖案之程序,其包括下列步驟:在塑膠組件的表面上無電沉積金屬塗層,隨後是光阻劑塗層,該光阻劑塗層接著經成像及顯影以形成光阻劑圖案。接著電鍍在顯影期間移除光阻劑的區域,之後剝除剩餘的光阻劑及無電金屬。然而,此程序不允許塑膠組件的後續模製或熱成形。
美國專利公開案第2007/0226994號(Wollach等人)(其主題全文係以引用方式併入本文中)描述一種用於藉由真空沉積接著以影像方式施加電絕緣光阻劑來施加基底導電層之程序。在不具有任何光阻劑之區域上實行電鍍,並移除剩餘光阻劑且蝕刻真空沉積基底層。然而,此程序無法與三維形狀併用,且不會在未電鍍區域中產生硬塗層,且成品可能更容易受損。
美國專利公開案第2009/0317609號(Simmons等人)(其主題全文係以引用方式併入本文中)描述一種基材,其係藉由施加鈀活化劑溶液(亦即,藉由噴墨)接著無電電鍍成像區域而成像。接著,使構造固化。然而,結構受限於強化纖維樹脂,且構造無法成形或模製以產生三維形狀。也沒有硬塗層。
因此,可見到所屬技術領域中仍需要一種選擇性電鍍塑膠基材以產生三維形狀的改善方法,其包括適於用作「點亮前隱密」部件的三維形狀。
將亦有益的是提供一種選擇性電鍍部件,其在未電鍍區域中包含硬塗佈外表面以提供改善的耐久性。
膜插入模製(Film Insert Molding, FIM)係模內裝飾(In-Mold Decorating, IMD)的一種形式,其允許在模製程序期間將標籤及圖形施加至塑膠部件。FIM使組件能夠整合成單一單元以創造出亦極度耐久之具有防刮硬塗層的產品。其可在多種應用中使用,但通常與汽車內裝及手持式電子裝置相關聯。
在典型FIM程序中,成品經裝飾組件可藉由在射出成型程序期間將經裝飾、整形、及修整的半成品膜產品插入模具中來生產。以此方式,具有複雜彎折的組件可生產為具有符號、透光設計、及多色二維裝飾,且在此同時,於每一次注射過程間具有簡單裝飾變化。
FIM允許以針對性方式設計熱塑性組件的外觀。不僅裝飾物(例如單色、多色、整合式符號、透光設計等)還有表面印象(例如,有光澤、結構化、消光等)及高光澤度均可選擇性設定。
因此,FIM的優勢包括產生形狀複雜的裝飾表面及改變裝飾之極度彈性的能力。
本發明之一目標在於提供一種選擇性電鍍三維表面之方法。
本發明的另一目標在於提供一種選擇性電鍍三維非導電基材之方法。
本發明之又另一目標在於提供一種選擇性電鍍三維聚碳酸酯基材之方法。
本發明之又另一目標在於提供一種選擇性電鍍三維聚碳酸酯基材之方法,該三維聚碳酸酯基材具有一硬塗層以提供增加的耐久性。
本發明之又另一目標在於提供一種製造「點亮前隱密」部件之改善方法。
為該目的,在一實施例中,本發明大致上係關於一種創造選擇性電鍍三維熱塑性部件之方法,該方法包含以下步驟: a)        提供未固化聚碳酸酯膜的一膜,其中該未固化聚碳酸酯膜包含在其一第一表面上之一硬塗層; b)        藉由在該聚碳酸酯膜之該第一表面上以一所欲圖案沉積一催化劑來選擇性催化該聚碳酸酯膜; c)        熱成形該聚碳酸酯膜以形成一三維聚碳酸酯膜; d)        藉由以UV射線幅照該膜來UV固化該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜; e)        活化該經選擇性催化之硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜;及 g)        在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上電鍍一金屬層,其中該經電鍍金屬僅沉積在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上。
如本文中所使用,「一(a/an)」及「該(the)」係指單數及複數兩種指示對象,除非上下文另有明確規定。
如本文中所使用,用語「約(about)」係指可測量的值,諸如參數、量、時間持續時間、及類似者,且意欲包括具體敘述值之+/-15%或更小的變化、較佳的是+/-10%或更小的變化、更佳的是+/-5%或更小的變化、甚至更佳的是+/-1%或更小的變化、且又更佳的是+/-0.1%或更小的變化,以致此類變化適於在本文所述之本發明中執行。此外,亦應理解的是,修辭「約(about)」所指的值本身係在本文中明確揭示。
如本文中所使用,諸如「下方(beneath)」、「下面(below)」、「下部(lower)」、「上面(above)」、「上部(upper)」、及類似者的空間相對用語係為了便於描述而用以描述一元件或特徵與另一(或多個)元件或特徵的關係,如圖式中所繪示。空間相對用語可意欲涵蓋除了圖式中所描繪之定向以外,裝置在使用或操作中的不同定向。例如,若圖式中之裝置經翻轉,則描述為在其他元件或特徵之「下面」或「下方」的元件之後將定向在其他元件或特徵的「上面」。因此,實例用語「下面(below)」可涵蓋上面及下面兩個定向。裝置可以其他方式定向(旋轉90度或以其他定向),且本文中所使用之空間相對描述符係對應地解譯。進一步應理解的是,用語「前面(front)」及「後面(back)」並非意欲作為限制性的,且係意欲在適當處為可互換的。
如本文中所使用,用語「包含(comprises)」及/或「包含(comprising)」具體指明所述之特徵、整數、步驟、操作、元件、及/或組件的存在,但不排除一或多個其他特徵、整數、步驟、操作、元件、組件、及/或其群組的存在或添加。
本發明的發明人已發現,可修改及改善膜插入模製程序以創造出選擇性電鍍三維部件,其包含防刮、耐衝擊硬塗層,且適於以有效率的方式生產點亮前隱密(secret-until-lit)或其他類似部件。本文所述之方法提供三維部件之選擇性裝飾,使得一些區域具有金屬外表面,而其他區域具有硬塗佈透明表面。在一實施例中,部件的外表面顯現為金屬飾面,直到打開部件後方的照明。接著,透明無電鍍區域將允許光透射,並將出現影像。
在一實施例中,本發明大致上係關於一種製造一選擇性電鍍三維熱塑性部件之方法,該方法包含下列步驟: a)         提供未固化聚碳酸酯膜的一膜,其中該未固化聚碳酸酯膜包含在其一第一表面上之一硬塗層; b)         藉由在該聚碳酸酯膜之該第一表面上以一所欲圖案沉積一催化劑來選擇性催化該聚碳酸酯膜; c)         熱成形該聚碳酸酯膜以形成一三維聚碳酸酯膜; d)         藉由以UV射線幅照該膜來UV固化該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜; e)         活化該經選擇性催化之硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜;及 f)         在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上電鍍一金屬層,其中該經電鍍金屬僅沉積在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上。
在一實施例中,三維熱塑性部件包含聚碳酸酯膜或層,其經熱模製及成形以產生該三維聚碳酸酯部件。在一實施例中,聚碳酸酯膜或層係透明、半透明(semi-transparent)或半透明(translucent)中之至少一者。如本文所述,在一實施例中,聚碳酸酯部件係經處理以在三維聚碳酸酯部件中製備「點亮前隱密」圖案、符號、圖標、或圖形,該三維聚碳酸酯部件可從部件後側照明,使得保持未電鍍的部分在經照明時亮起。
此外,應注意雖然本發明係描述為關於硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜,能夠用在塑膠電鍍程序中並可經熱成形的其他熱塑性材料亦可用於實行本發明,以生產具有根據本文所述之步驟處理之硬塗層的三維熱塑性部件。
硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜具有較佳地介於約50 µ與500 µ之間、更佳地介於約100 µ與約300 µ之間的厚度,部分取決於所用的模製程序以及所欲成品之組態及屬性。所謂「硬塗佈(hardcoated)」意指塗層係耐磨、防刮、耐溶劑、及耐久中的至少一者。
硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜亦必須適於熱成形。如本文所述,硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜係經受各種程序步驟,且因此必須能夠耐受熱成形而不會在熱成形程序期間裂開或斷裂。
一種合適的硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜可以商標名稱XtraForm™ M HCL購自MacDermid Enthone Inc.。XtraForm™ M HCL係可成形之硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜,市售厚度為180 µ及250 µ,具有硬塗佈側上的帶光澤飾面及消光第二表面。在硬塗佈表面上供應保護性層壓體以在運輸期間保護膜。
可選地,但較佳地,聚碳酸酯膜的第二表面(亦即,與硬塗層相對的側)可經裝飾、印刷、或以其他方式塗以有色油墨,以便成品展現所欲的顏色、圖案、或飾面。
因此,在一實施例中,清透或有色的透明或半透明油墨或樹脂可經印刷或以其他方式施加至聚碳酸酯基材之第二表面以創造選擇性著色及/或不透明設計。例如,可以選擇性方式(亦即,條紋)將黃色透明或半透明油墨印刷在基材的第二表面上,從而在以背光照明聚碳酸酯基材時透過基材前表面觀看時,創造出經裝飾、印刷、及/或圖案化的外觀。在替代例中,可將不透明油墨(諸如黑色或暗色油墨)選擇性印刷在基材的第二表面上,使得以背光照明部件時,可從聚碳酸酯部件的前表面看到所欲的圖形設計或圖標。這些技術亦可彼此組合使用。例如,黑色或其他暗色油墨可經網版印刷或以其他方式圖案化以在聚碳酸酯基材的第二表面上創造出一或影像,且其後可在一或多者上方施加一或多個透明或半透明有色油墨。在另一實施例中,在全部的第二表面或實質上全部的第二表面上方或者第二表面的選擇部分上均勻地施加透明或半透明有色油墨的均勻層,接著以圖案將黑色或暗色油墨模板印刷或以其他方式施加在透明或半透明有色油墨的頂部上。
如本文所述,可係硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之熱塑性膜的第一側(亦即,熱塑性膜具有硬塗層的側)係以催化活化劑活化。在一實施例中,催化活化劑係電鍍催化劑,其係以所欲圖案印刷或以其他方式施加至硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜,並允許其乾燥。
電鍍催化劑可網版印刷至硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜上以創造出所欲圖案。亦可使用其他印刷手段,包括但不限於凹版印刷、平版印刷、及柔版印刷,以將電鍍催化劑以所欲圖案印刷在基材上。典型催化劑組分包括例如鈀、金、銀、錫、鎳、釕、鉑、及銠。一種合適的可印刷電鍍催化劑包含在熱或UV可固化黏合劑中之鈀鹽的分散體。
高度所欲的是,電鍍催化劑係UV可固化及可成形配方。一種此類電鍍催化劑包含催化油墨,諸如描述於美國專利第7,255,782號(Crouse)中,其主題全文係以引用方式併入本文中。
在熱成形之前,聚碳酸酯膜經預乾燥,因為其具有以高速率吸收濕氣的傾向。捕獲濕氣在高於約120℃時形成蒸氣,且蒸氣膨脹在片材中產生氣泡。預乾燥的持續時間部分取決於由片材及其厚度吸收之濕氣量,且所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可輕易判定。在一實施例中,將聚碳酸酯膜放置在除濕空氣循環烘箱中以介於約90℃與約135℃之間的溫度、更佳地以約115℃及約125℃的溫度進行預乾燥。此外,聚碳酸酯片材在從預乾燥烘箱移除時立即開始吸收濕氣,且吸收速率取決於周圍露點。為此原因,聚碳酸酯膜係立即轉移至成形機。
熱成形可在中溫至高溫下進行,取決於所用之成形程序的類型。聚碳酸酯在較高溫度下變得更具可撓性,且溫度係一般接近或超過玻璃轉移溫度之一者。在一實施例中,溫度係高於玻璃轉移溫度(亦即,約150℃)且低於熔融溫度(亦即,約267℃)之一者。在另一實施例中,溫度係介於約110與約130℃之間的中溫。
可使用各種熱成形程序,包括例如高壓熱成形及真空熱成形。在真空成形中,將膜加熱至高於其玻璃轉移溫度,並使用真空泵以在膜下建立低壓區域,從而允許外部空氣壓力在成形體上方推動膜。
在高壓成形中,在高壓(至多約300巴)下施加熱空氣至膜。由於與真空成形相比,基材經受此類高壓但受熱相對較少,膜可在低於其軟化溫度下成形,其可改善印刷對成形體的對位。高壓熱成形係描述於例如美國專利第5,217,563號及第5,108,530號(Niebling等人)中,其等之各者之主題全文係以引用方式併入本文中。
當聚碳酸酯片材達到其成形溫度時,發生均勻的「凹陷(sag)」。凹陷量取決於片材的大小及厚度。熱成形創造出具有硬塗佈前表面的所欲三維形狀。最佳加熱時間及溫度取決於若干因素,包括但不限於片材厚度、所用的模具類型、以及所需的拉伸程度。
在熱成形至所需形狀之後,三維產品經UV固化以提供最大的防刮性及化學抗性。
在一實施例中,可選地但較佳地,經熱成形及UV固化之三維部件可放置在射出成型工具中,並以熱塑性樹脂回注以創造出經熱成形及模製的成品三維部件。熱塑性樹脂可與熱塑性膜中所用的樹脂相同或不同。在一較佳實施例中,熱塑性膜及熱塑性樹脂兩者均包含聚碳酸酯。然而,其他類似的熱塑性材料亦可用在本發明之程序中,且本發明不限於聚碳酸酯。
三維聚碳酸酯部件係以金屬電鍍層選擇性電鍍。電鍍金屬僅沉積在印刷催化劑存在的區域上。待電鍍金屬可例如選自由銅、鋅、鎳、前述之合金、及前述之一或多者之組合所組成之群組。亦可在本文所述之方法中電鍍其他合適金屬。該電鍍金屬沉積物具有介於約10微米與約300微米之間的厚度,較佳為介於約30微米與約150微米之間的厚度。
此外,亦應注意,電鍍可係多層程序,包括可藉由無電電鍍、電解電鍍、或前述之組合施加的一或多個電鍍金屬層。適用於本發明的一種此類電鍍方法係描述於例如美國專利第7,255,782號(Crouse)中,其主題全文係以引用方式併入本文中。
這些電鍍槽通常含有呈溶解在水溶液中之鹽的形式之待沉積金屬以及用於金屬鹽的還原劑。金屬化步驟可包括無電及/或電解塗層以得到所欲的金屬飾面。可藉由無電電鍍沉積的典型金屬包括銅、鎳、或含有磷及/或硼的鎳合金。
在一實施例中,電鍍程序包含沉積無電金屬(諸如銅)至介於約10與約75微米之間、更佳地介於約20與約35微米之間的深度,並接著沉積電解金屬(諸如銅)至介於約1至約10微米之間、更佳地介於約3與約8微米之間的深度。其後,以介於約150與約220℃之間的溫度熱固化部件。最後,部件係以銅層、隨後鎳層、且隨後鉻層電解電鍍。這些層之各者具有較佳地介於約10與約50微米之間、更佳地介於約20與約35微米之間的厚度。
在一實施例中,合適的程序步驟序列如下: 1)        提供未固化聚碳酸酯膜的一膜,其具有在其一第一表面上之一硬塗層; 2)        在該聚碳酸酯膜之一第二表面(亦即,不具有硬塗層的表面)上印刷一所欲顏色、圖案、金屬狀飾面等; 3)        藉由在該聚碳酸酯膜的該第一表面上以一所欲圖案印刷一可印刷催化劑(亦即,藉由網版印刷、凹版印刷、平版印刷、柔版印刷等)來選擇性催化該聚碳酸酯膜; 4)        熱成形該聚碳酸酯膜以形成一三維部件,其中該硬塗層係在一外部表面上; 5)        藉由以UV射線幅照該膜來UV固化該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜; 6)        將該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜模製成一所欲三維形狀; 7)        活化該經選擇性催化之硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜; 8)        在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上無電電鍍銅或其他無電金屬的一晶種層,其中該經電鍍金屬僅沉積在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上; 9)        在該無電金屬沉積物之頂部上方電解電鍍一金屬層,其中該電解電鍍金屬可選自由銅、銅合金、鋅、鋅合金、鎳、鎳合金、鐵、鉛合金、或其他類似金屬所組成之群組(僅係舉例而非限制); 10)      烘烤該成品;及 11)      若為所欲,藉由電解電鍍施加一額外金屬電鍍層。
本文所述之程序可用以生產三維聚碳酸酯部件,其係以金屬特徵選擇性「裝飾」,但亦包含疏水性硬塗佈防刮表面。
使用上述的一系列步驟生產選擇性裝飾成形硬塗佈熱塑性部件,其等具有良好的耐久性,且係耐磨、防刮、及耐溶劑中之至少一者。這些三維部件可係背光式,使得當點亮時,三維部件的透明部分露出影像(亦即,創造出「點亮前隱密」三維部件)。
現將參照下列非限制性實例描述本發明。實例 1
藉由跨整個片材施加均勻的透明綠色油墨(Noriphan 669, Proell, Germany)層而將305 × 458 mm的XtraForm™ G2502L塗佈聚碳酸酯膜片材網版印刷在第二(未塗佈)表面上。接著施加含有文本圖案的模板,使得可以影像方式施加第二黑色油墨(Noriphan HTR 953, Proell, Germany)層以在綠色油墨層的頂部上形成文本短語。按照製造商的建議,以10% Noriphan M201阻滯劑(Proell, Germany)及5% Noriphan F013稀釋劑(Proell, Germany)稀釋各油墨。各油墨層係藉由以1 m/分鐘之帶速度在80℃下使膜通過Trumax紅外線輸送系統(Natgraph Ltd, Nottingham, UK)持續2分鐘來進行乾燥。
接著翻轉印刷膜,並將第二網版印刷模版施加至含有點圖案的第一表面。此係用以使用催化油墨Microcat(可購自MacDermid Enthone Electronic Solutions, Waterbury, CT, USA)將圖案網版印刷至第一表面上。Microcat油墨包含兩部分(部分A及部分B),其等需要以98:2部分A:部分B之比率在印刷前預混合。在Microcat印刷之後,使膜通過Trumax紅外線乾燥機3次,每一次通過均包含80℃持續2分鐘,帶速度係1 m/分鐘。接著使用Clarke 725 FLB真空成形器(CR Clarke, Ammanford, UK)將經印刷及乾燥的膜成形為3D形狀,該真空成形器配備成形工具以使用200℃的工具溫度及10秒的成形時間使膜變形。在成形工具之後以有色油墨層使膜成形,使得具有Microcat印刷的表面遠離工具。在成形之後,膜係在Fusion DRSE-120輸送器(UVio Systems, Thatcham, UK)上經UV固化達2 J/cm2 之劑量。 所製備的膜僅在來自網版印刷步驟之Microcat存在的區域中經電鍍以沉積金屬。電鍍程序包含下列步驟;
Figure 108142134-A0304-0001
圖1顯示在完全電鍍程序之後所得的樣本,其具有可見的電鍍金屬網格型圖案。
圖2顯示從後部以白光照射時的相同部件,顯示出現的圖形影像。實例 2
藉由透過已在三個區域中經圖案化以建立影像的模板施加黑色油墨(Noriphan HTR953)層以將305 × 458 mm的XtraForm™ G2502L塗佈聚碳酸酯膜片材網版印刷在第二(未塗佈)表面上。接著將有色油墨區塊(一個透明紅色(Noriphan 372, Proell, Germany)、一個透明藍色(Noriphan 566, Proell, Germany)、及一個透明綠色(Noriphan 669))印刷在黑色油墨的頂部上,一個油墨顏色施加至圖案化黑色區域的各者。按照製造商的建議,以10% Noriphan M201阻滯劑(Proell, Germany)及5% Noriphan F013稀釋劑(Proell, Germany)稀釋各油墨。各油墨層係藉由以1 m/分鐘之帶速度在80℃下使膜通過Trumax紅外線輸送系統(Natgraph Ltd, Nottingham, UK)持續2分鐘來進行乾燥。接著以相同於實例1的方式實施進一步處理,包含印刷Microcat點圖案、真空成形、UV固化及後續電鍍步驟。圖3顯示在完全電鍍程序之後所得的樣本,其具有可見的電鍍金屬網格型圖案。圖4顯示從後部以白光照射時的相同部件,顯示出現的圖形影像。
本發明描述一種生產三維熱塑性部件的解決方案,其係以金屬特徵選擇性裝飾,但亦包含疏水性硬塗佈防刮及耐磨表面。
本發明相容於所有類型的印刷(網版印刷、噴墨印刷等)。此外,塗層可從第一表面、第二表面、或兩者固化。同樣地,無電電鍍及/或電解電鍍可在成形及模製步驟之後實行。如本文所述,成品物品可在第一表面上選擇性電鍍,並在第二表面上裝飾顏色(亦即,油墨)。本方法不涉及任何蝕刻且因此最小化表面型態。本文所述之方法亦相容於任何水性電鍍化學品。
最後,亦應理解的是,下列申請專利範圍意欲涵蓋本文所述之本發明的所有通用及特定特徵,且本發明之範圍的所有關於語言問題的陳述可落在所屬範圍之間。
[圖1]描繪在完全電鍍程序後根據實例1之程序所生產的樣本部件之視圖,其具有可見的電鍍金屬網格型圖案。 [圖2]描繪以白光從後部照射時,與圖1相同之樣本部件的視圖。 [圖3]描繪在完全電鍍程序後根據實例2之程序所生產的樣本部件之視圖,其具有可見的電鍍金屬網格型圖案。 [圖4]描繪以白光從後部照射時,與圖3相同之部件的視圖。

Claims (18)

  1. 一種製造一選擇性電鍍三維熱塑性部件之方法,該方法依序包含下列步驟:a)提供未固化聚碳酸酯膜的一膜,其中該未固化聚碳酸酯膜包含在其一第一表面上之一硬塗層;b)藉由在該聚碳酸酯膜之該第一表面上以一所欲圖案印刷一催化劑來選擇性催化該聚碳酸酯膜;c)熱成形該聚碳酸酯膜以形成一三維聚碳酸酯膜;d)藉由以UV射線幅照該膜來UV固化該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜;e)活化該經選擇性催化之硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜;及f)在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上電鍍一金屬層,其中該經電鍍金屬僅沉積在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包含在步驟b)之前施加一油墨至該聚碳酸酯膜之一第二表面的步驟。
  3. 如請求項2之方法,其中該油墨係一有色油墨,其係藉由印刷來施加,且其中該油墨在該聚碳酸酯膜之該第二表面上展現一所欲顏色或圖案或飾面。
  4. 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包含在步驟d)之後模製該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜以產生包含該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之一三維模製部件的步驟。
  5. 如請求項1之方法,其中該聚碳酸酯膜具有介於約50微米與約500微米之間的一厚度。
  6. 如請求項5之方法,其中該聚碳酸酯膜具有介於約100微米與約300微米之間的一厚度。
  7. 如請求項1之方法,其中在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜之該等經催化部分上電鍍該金屬層之步驟包含:a)還原該催化劑;b)在該硬塗佈聚碳酸酯膜的該等經催化部分上無電電鍍一無電金屬晶種層;及c)在該無電金屬沉積物之頂部上方電解電鍍一金屬層。
  8. 如請求項7之方法,其中該還原劑包含次磷酸鹽或硼氫化物鹽。
  9. 如請求項7之方法,其中該無電電鍍金屬包含銅、鎳、或鎳合金。
  10. 如請求項7之方法,其中該電解電鍍金屬係選自由銅、銅合金、鋅、鋅合金、鎳、鎳合金、鐵、鉛合金、鉻、及前述之一或多者之組合所組成之群組。
  11. 如請求項1之方法,其中該電鍍金屬沉積物具有介於約10微米與約300微米之間的一厚度。
  12. 如請求項11之方法,其中該電鍍金屬沉積物具有介於約30微米與約150微米之間的一厚度。
  13. 如請求項1之方法,其中該熱塑性物品係透明或半透明。
  14. 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包含在介於約150與約220℃之間的一溫度下熱固化該選擇性電鍍三維熱塑性部件的步驟。
  15. 如請求項1之方法,其在步驟f)之後進一步包含施加一或多個額外金屬電鍍層的步驟。
  16. 如請求項15之方法,其中該金屬電鍍層包含一銅層,隨後係一鎳或鎳合金層,隨後係一鉻層。
  17. 如請求項1之方法,其中在熱成形之前,該聚碳酸酯膜經預乾燥。
  18. 一種選擇性電鍍三維熱塑性部件,其係藉由如請求項1之方法製成。
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US4666735A (en) * 1983-04-15 1987-05-19 Polyonics Corporation Process for producing product having patterned metal layer
US20020197492A1 (en) * 2001-06-25 2002-12-26 Ling Hao Selective plating on plastic components

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