TWI718110B - 將碳結構與晶種結構分離之方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明係有關於一種將沉積於晶種結構(2)上之碳結構(1)與該晶種結構(2)分離之方法,該碳結構例如為石墨烯、奈米碳管或半導體奈米線。為簡化碳結構之製造,尤其為了提供一種在用以進行沉積之製程室內部將碳結構與晶種結構分離之方法,遂提出以下方案:在CVD反應器之製程室中提供沉積於晶種結構(2)上之碳結構;將具有該晶種結構(2)及該碳結構(1)之基板加熱至製程溫度;饋送至少一總式為AOmXn、AOmXnYp或AmXn之蝕刻氣體,其中A選自包含S、C、N之元素群組,其中O為氧,其中X、Y為不同鹵素,並且m、n、p為大於零之自然數;藉由使該晶種結構(2)與該蝕刻氣體發生化學反應,將該晶種結構轉變成氣態反應產物;用載氣流將該氣態反應產物移出該製程室。
Description
本發明係有關於一種將沉積於晶種結構上之碳結構與該晶種結構分離之方法,該碳結構例如為石墨烯、奈米碳管或半導體奈米線。
由先前技術已知,將碳結構如石墨烯層、奈米碳管及半導體奈米線沉積於基板上。關於此種方法之描述見於US 8,685,843 B2。其中,碳結構係沉積於晶種結構如金屬結構上,該金屬結構可為金屬層,特別是銅層。US 8,728,433 B2亦有關於石墨烯之沉積。將石墨烯層、奈米碳管或半導體奈米線沉積於晶種結構上後,需要將該等結構或層相互分離。在先前技術中,此點係透過在水溶液中蝕刻去除晶種結構之濕式蝕刻法而實現。
此外更已知有利用乾式蝕刻技術淨化CVD反應器之製程室的方法。例如,WO 2014/094103 A1揭露一種藉由將亞硫醯氯導入製程室來移除反應器壁上之III-V族覆層的淨化方法。
本發明之目的在於簡化碳結構之製造,特別是提供一種能夠在用以進行沉積之製程室內部將碳結構與晶種結構分離之方法。
該目的透過申請專利範圍所給出之本發明而達成,其
中任一請求項基本上皆為該目的之獨立解決方案。該方法主要由以下步驟組成:- 在CVD反應器之製程室中提供沉積於晶種結構上之碳結構;- 將具有該晶種結構(2)及該碳結構(1)之基板加熱至製程溫度;- 饋送至少一總式為AOmXn、AOmXnYp或AmXn之蝕刻氣體,其中A選自包含S、C、N之元素群組,其中O為氧,其中X、Y為不同鹵素,並且m、n、p為大於零之自然數;- 藉由使該晶種結構與該蝕刻氣體發生化學反應,將該晶種結構轉變成氣態反應產物;- 用載氣流將該氣態反應產物移出該製程室。
較佳在實施過塗佈方法(即,按前述先前技術之方式在晶種結構上或晶種結構下方施覆碳結構)之處理步驟後立即實施上述處理步驟。「奈米碳管」或「奈米碳纖維」之觸媒合成先於本發明之分離方法進行,其係記載於Kenneth B.K.Teo、Charanjeet Singh、Manish Chhowalla及William I.Milne所合著之Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(卷X:第1-22頁)的「Catalytic Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers」詞條下。此文內容屬於本專利申請之揭露內容。碳結構與晶種結構之分離較佳在先前用以實施沉積程序之同一製程室內進行,且不必將具有該碳結構之物體移出製程室。該載有碳結構之物體可為基板,例如設有晶種結
構之介電基板。該晶種結構可由Cu、Ni、Co、Fe、Ru、Ir、Ga、Gd、Mo、Mn、Ag、Au、B、Si或Ge或金屬或包含數種上述元素之材料構成。該晶種結構可為粒子或基板上之結構化層或非結構化層。特定言之,晶種結構設於基板與碳結構間。此種由基板、晶種結構及碳結構所組成之物體包含有已沉積於晶種結構上之碳結構。該物體亦可僅為沉積於晶種結構上之碳結構。在此情況下,晶種結構直接形成基板。晶種結構形成供奈米結構(即奈米管或奈米線)生長之觸媒元件。此等觸媒結構亦可由基板所承載之粒子構成。在此情況下,碳結構係生長於基板與該等粒子間。根據本發明,藉由在提高之溫度下向製程室導入蝕刻氣體,以將晶種結構轉變成氣態。作為蝕刻程序之結果,碳結構總體上鬆散地位於基板或基座上。該蝕刻氣體可被活化。可以供能方式活化蝕刻氣體。可將熱源(特別是加熱裝置)或紫外線輻射器或電漿發生器用作能量源。尤佳利用製程室中所產生之熱量來在製程室內部進行活化,例如使蝕刻氣體接觸經加熱之製程室壁或者接觸製程室內部經加熱之氣體。特定言之以加熱方式而實現之活化,可在進氣機構中進行,或者直接在製程室內部進行。亦可利用經加熱之基座所釋放的熱來活化蝕刻氣體,其中該等物體位於該基座上。此外,該蝕刻氣體可由兩種不同氣體組成。該蝕刻氣體較佳儲備或產生於氣體源。該氣體源可為通載氣(例如Ar、N2或H2)之儲液罐。該蝕刻氣體特定言之由SOCl2、SOBr2、COCl2、NOCl、NOBr、SOBr構成。尤佳使用亞硫醯氯SOCl2作為蝕刻氣體。特定言之使用轉變成氣態之液體作為蝕刻氣體,該液體具有羰基、亞硫醯基或亞硝醯基及鹵素,例如氯化物、溴化物或亞碘酸鹽。在具有反應器殼體之裝置中實施本發明之
方法,該反應器殼體向外氣密封閉。可用泵將該反應器殼體抽真空。反應器殼體中設有進氣機構,該進氣機構包含至少一排氣孔,但較佳包含數個排氣孔。此外,製程室內部更設有基座,該基座由金屬或石墨構成,且可被加熱裝置加熱至介於100℃與至少1000℃間之製程溫度。該基座上設有基板,在塗佈程序中如此這般處理該等基板,使得在碳結構(例如石墨烯、奈米管或半導體奈米線)上亦沉積晶種結構。完成沉積程序後用惰性氣體沖洗製程室。而後將製程室調節至反應溫度,該反應溫度等於蝕刻氣體與晶種層發生化學反應時之製程溫度。此溫度可為至少800℃。一旦位於基板架上之具有碳結構的物體達到製程溫度,遂將蝕刻氣體(特別是亞硫醯氯)導入製程室。舉例而言,可在900mbar之總壓力下每分鐘向製程室導入120mmol。蝕刻氣體由載氣送入製程室並於該處經加熱而活化。蝕刻氣體可在此活化過程中預分解成第一反應產物。藉由蝕刻氣體或其所形成之預分解產物將晶種結構與碳結構相互分離。蝕刻程序一般持續5分鐘。而後停止蝕刻氣體之供應,並且僅將惰性氣體導入製程室,冷卻製程室以取出碳結構。完成蝕刻步驟後,亦可透過將製程室泵抽至真空壓力來移除反應產物或蝕刻氣體。除上述蝕刻氣體外,亦可向製程室導入附加氣體,該附加氣體為氫或金屬與鹵素之化合物。根據本發明之一方案,該製程室具有可用來連續觀測晶種結構轉變成氣態反應產物之進度的偵測器構件。該偵測器構件可為發出連續光或脈衝光(例如光束)之光源。該光束射中該物體並被其反射。反射光束射中偵測器。該偵測器特定言之測量該光束之強度。由此測定該物體之反射度或反射能力、反射率或反射係數。該偵測器配置特定言之用於測定與時間相關之反射率變化。
光束較佳穿透碳結構並在晶種結構之表面(即,一定程度上係在碳結構與晶種結構之邊界層上)被反射。由此測定該表面在蝕刻程序進行期間變化著的反射能力。蝕刻程序開始時,該表面可為一具有相應之較強反射能力的光滑金屬層。實施蝕刻程序期間,晶種結構在該表面處被蝕刻去除,遂使得該表面變得更粗糙。該表面之反射能力下降至最小值,而後在即將完全移除晶種結構時又再度上升。移除晶種結構後,光束在具有較強反射能力且未被蝕刻氣體腐蝕之光滑的基板表面被反射。蝕刻氣體不與基板發生反應。一旦發現反射能力在經歷過最小值後再度上升時,便可切斷蝕刻氣體之輸送。特定言之,當反射能力在經歷過最小值後再度達到最大值時,自動切斷蝕刻氣體之饋送。
本發明另亦有關一種用於實施該方法之裝置,其特徵在於,設有一用於該蝕刻氣體之源。該裝置可進一步具有用於測定該分離方法之進度的光學偵測構件,該等光學偵測構件與控制裝置配合作用以切斷該蝕刻氣體之供應。
以下結合所附圖式闡述本發明之實施例。
1‧‧‧碳結構
2‧‧‧晶種結構
2'‧‧‧分界面
3‧‧‧基板
3'‧‧‧分界面
4‧‧‧CVD反應器
5‧‧‧基座
6‧‧‧加熱裝置
7‧‧‧製程室
8‧‧‧進氣機構
9‧‧‧排氣孔
10‧‧‧輸送管線
11‧‧‧蝕刻氣體源
12‧‧‧輸送管線
13‧‧‧惰性氣體管線
14‧‧‧活化消減器(Aktivierungsvernichter)
15‧‧‧泵
16‧‧‧排出管線
18‧‧‧光源
19‧‧‧入射光束
20‧‧‧射出光束
21‧‧‧偵測器
R‧‧‧反射率
t0‧‧‧時間點
t1‧‧‧時間點
t2‧‧‧時間點
圖1為第一實施例之CVD反應器配置示意圖;圖2為第二實施例之CVD反應器配置示意圖;圖3為該分離方法之第一實施例示意圖;圖4為該分離方法之第二實施例;圖5為該分離方法之第三實施例;圖6為該分離方法之第四實施例;
圖7為導入蝕刻氣體前於時間點t0上之圖6所示內容;圖8為實施蝕刻程序期間於時間點t1上之圖7後續圖;圖9為於時間點t2上之圖8後續圖;及圖10為實施蝕刻程序期間,晶種結構2與碳結構1間之分界面2'的反射率與時間相關之變化情況定性圖。
圖1及圖2所示之CVD反應器4由向外氣密封閉之殼體構成。殼體內部設有基座5,該基座由石墨、石英或金屬構成,用於容置用以沉積碳結構1之物體2、3。基座5下方設有加熱裝置6。該加熱裝置可為電阻加熱裝置、紅外線加熱裝置或射頻加熱裝置。圓盤形基座5被排氣機構包圍,該排氣機構透過排氣管16連接到泵15。基座5上方設有製程室7。製程室7之頂部由進氣機構8之排氣面形成。進氣機構8可為蓮蓬頭形中空體,該中空體在其底面上具有數個排氣孔9。藉由輸送管線10可將製程氣體送入進氣機構8。
為實施該用以沉積碳結構1(例如石墨烯層、由數層組成之石墨烯層、奈米碳管或半導體奈米線)之方法,透過輸送管線10將合適的含碳製程氣體(例如甲烷)送入製程室7。在製程室內平放於基座5上之物體具有晶種結構,例如由銅構成之晶種層或結構化晶種層2。上述碳奈米結構1形成於此晶種結構2上。該等物體可具有塗佈晶種結構2之基板3。晶種結構2可具有光滑表面。亦可在基板3上設置起觸媒作用之粒子,該些粒子形成晶種結構2。該等粒子具有奈米級直徑。沉積奈米結構時,在基板與粒子間形成奈米管或奈米線。該等粒子可相隔設置。
為了將碳奈米結構1與晶種結構2分離,需要使用蝕刻氣體。該蝕刻氣體產生於蝕刻氣體源11。藉由被送入輸送管線12之載氣,將蝕刻氣體透過輸送管線10導入進氣機構8,其中該載氣為由Ar、N2或H2所構成之惰性氣體。藉由輸送管線13進一步將另一惰性氣體如Ar、N2或H2送入輸送管線10。
在圖1所示之實施例中,藉由在製程室7內部或在進氣機構8內部加熱蝕刻氣體11以活化之。蝕刻氣體源11可為如圖2所示之起泡器。
圖2所示之起泡器為儲存有液態起始材料之容器。該起始材料可為SOCl2、SOBr2、COCl2、NOCl2、NOBr2或SOBr。該液體較佳為亞硫醯氯。在該液體中導入載氣以產生蝕刻氣體。
圖2所示之實施例設有外部活化器14,蝕刻氣體在該活化器中被活化。此點可藉由施加熱量、紫外線或電漿於該蝕刻氣體而實現。意即,活化器14中可設有熱源、紫外線源或電漿發生器。
蝕刻氣體被活化時可發生預分解。
為實施蝕刻程序,將基座5加熱至約800℃之溫度。蝕刻氣體或預分解之蝕刻氣體與晶種結構2反應並將其轉變成揮發性起始材料,該揮發性起始材料與載氣一同經排出管線16被移出製程室7。
圖3左部所示之實施例示出由基板3構成之物體,該基板可為介電體且由施覆於其上之晶種結構2構成。晶種結構2可由銅構成且可為具有光滑表面之層。在晶種結構2上沉積有石墨烯層1。該石墨烯層可為由石墨烯構成之單層。亦可堆疊沉積數個石
墨烯層。實施前述蝕刻程序時,蝕刻氣體或蝕刻氣體之第一反應產物穿透石墨烯層1並將晶種結構2轉變成呈氣態之第二反應產物,從而產生如圖3右部所示之結果,即石墨烯層1直接位於基板3上。
圖4左部示出已沉積於晶種結構2上之石墨烯層1,該晶種結構為銅板。透過蝕刻程序移除銅板2,從而僅留下石墨烯1,參見圖4右部所示。
在圖5所示之實施例中,例如奈米線或奈米管形式之碳結構1在由銅構成之晶種結構2下方生長,該晶種結構由設於基板3之表面的粒子構成。為沉積此種碳結構1,在基板3上施覆銅粒子或由其他起觸媒作用之合適材料構成的粒子。碳結構1遂生長於基板3與該等粒子間。圖5左部示出相關結構之示意圖。完成蝕刻程序後移除晶種結構2,從而使得奈米管1或奈米線直接位於基板3上,參見圖5右部所示。
在圖6所示之實施例中,左部示出一物體,其中基板3具有橫向結構化之晶種結構2。在此晶種結構2上沉積有奈米管1。在圖6右部所示之狀態下,奈米管1直接位於基板3上,此狀態係透過以乾式蝕刻法移除晶種結構2之前述蝕刻程序而達到。
在圖1及圖2所示之裝置中,既可實施沉積程序,亦可實施透過導入蝕刻氣體而實現之分離程序。
圖7至圖9示出由基板3構成之物體的橫截面示意圖,在該基板上施覆有具光滑表面2'之金屬晶種結構2。在表面2'上沉積非石墨烯層或石墨烯層序列即奈米管或奈米線形式之碳結構1。表面2'由此而形成碳結構1與晶種結構2間之分界面。藉光源18產生入射光束19,其中該光源可為半導體雷射器。入射光束
在分界面2'上被反射。出射光束20射入偵測器21。光源18及偵測器21可設於製程室中,以便在實施蝕刻程序期間,能連續測量在分界面2'上被反射之光束19、20的強度變化。在實施例中,入射光束19以>20°之銳角射中分界面2'。入射光束19亦可垂直於分界面2'地射中分界面2'。
圖9示出蝕刻程序開始時於時間點t0上之該物體。
圖10為實施蝕刻程序期間,分界面2'上之反射率變化定性圖。在時間點t0上,入射光束19在晶種結構2之反射能力較強的光滑表面被反射,故此,可透過反射光束之強度而可測得的反射率R達到最大值。
在實施蝕刻程序期間,晶種結構2之材料在分界面2'處被去除,故分界面2'隨著蝕刻程序的推進變得更粗糙。反射能力下降,遂使得偵測器21所偵測到之強度/反射率亦下降。此點由圖8於時間點t1上示出。若僅基板表面3'之分區段上尚覆有晶種結構2之材料,則強度/反射率經歷過最小值後會再度上升。基板表面3'光滑,因而具有較強反射能力。強度/反射率在時間點t2上達到最大值。其不再進一步上升。此點表明,光束19僅在基板表面3'被反射,該基板表面此時形成碳結構1與基板3間之分界面。
當強度/反射率R達到該最小值之後的最大值時,或者說當發現反射率不再進一步上升時,遂終止蝕刻程序。
前述實施方案係用於說明本申請整體所包含之發明,該等發明至少透過以下特徵組合分別獨立構成相對於先前技術之進一步方案:一種將沉積於晶種結構2上之碳結構1與該晶種結構
2分離之方法,該碳結構例如為石墨烯、奈米碳管或半導體奈米線,由以下步驟組成:- 在CVD反應器4之製程室7中提供沉積於晶種結構2上之碳結構;- 將具有該晶種結構2及該碳結構1之基板加熱至製程溫度;- 饋送至少一總式為AOmXn、AOmXnYp或AmXn之蝕刻氣體,其中A選自包含S、C、N之元素群組,其中O為氧,其中X、Y為不同鹵素,並且m、n、p為大於零之自然數;- 藉由使該晶種結構2與該蝕刻氣體發生化學反應,將該晶種結構轉變成氣態反應產物;- 用載氣流將該氣態反應產物移出該製程室7。
一種方法,其特徵在於,該晶種結構為金屬結構。
一種方法,其特徵在於,該晶種結構包含至少一選自以下元素群組之元素:Cu、Ni、Co、Fe、Ru、Ir、Ga、Gd、Mo、Mn、Ag、Au、B、Si、Ge。
一種方法,其特徵在於,該晶種結構2設於基板3與該碳結構1之間,或者位於該碳結構上方且設於該基板中,並且該晶種結構由粒子、基板3上之層構成或者直接由該基板構成。
一種方法,其特徵在於,特定言之以供熱方式、利用紫外線或利用電漿來活化該蝕刻氣體,其中特別設置如下:藉由在該CVD反應器4內部,尤其在該處之進氣機構8內部或者在該製程室7內部加熱該蝕刻氣體以活化之。
一種方法,其特徵在於,該蝕刻氣體包含氯元素,且特別是SoCl2。
一種方法,其特徵在於,該蝕刻氣體為一由數種不同氣體所組成之氣體混合物。
一種方法,其特徵在於,該蝕刻氣體由蝕刻氣體源11提供,在該蝕刻氣體源中特定言之蒸發一液體。
一種方法,其特徵在於,將總式為RX之附加氣體連同該蝕刻氣體一起送入該製程室,其中R為氫或金屬,並且X為鹵素。
一種方法,其特徵在於,藉由測定該晶種結構2之表面2'的反射率,以測定該晶種結構轉變成氣態反應產物之進度,其中使用光源18及偵測器21來測定該反射率,該光源產生入射光束19,該入射光束在該表面2'被反射,該偵測器測量反射光束20之強度,其中該入射光束19入射時垂直於該表面2'之表面延伸或與該表面之表面延伸成一定角度,及/或連續或脈衝式產生該光束。
一種方法,其特徵在於,當該射出光束20被該偵測器21所測定之強度在經歷過最小值後達到最大值時,停止向該製程室導入該蝕刻氣體。
一種方法,其特徵在於,在將該碳結構1與該晶種結構2分離之前,在同一製程室7內將該碳結構1沉積於該晶種結構2上。
一種裝置,其特徵在於一用於提供該蝕刻氣體之源,該源特定言之具有儲存有液體之容器11,透過蒸發該液體可產生該蝕刻氣體。
一種裝置,其特徵在於光源18及偵測器21,其中該光源18產生光束,該光束在該碳結構1與該晶種結構2間之邊界層上被反射,且具有偵測器21,該偵測器測定在該邊界層上被反射之該光束的強度。
一種裝置,其特徵在於一控制裝置,該控制裝置與該偵測器21配合作用並且當該反射光束20被該偵測器21所測定之強度在經歷過最小值後不進一步上升時,停止向該製程室7導入該蝕刻氣體。
所有已揭露特徵(作為單項特徵或特徵組合)皆為發明本質所在。故本申請之揭露內容亦包含相關/所附優先權檔案(在先申請副本)所揭露之全部內容,該等檔案所述特徵亦一併納入本申請之申請專利範圍。附屬項以其特徵對本發明針對先前技術之改良方案的特徵予以說明,其目的主要在於在該等請求項基礎上進行分案申請。
1‧‧‧碳結構
2‧‧‧晶種結構
3‧‧‧基板
Claims (10)
- 一種將沉積於晶種結構(2)上之碳結構(1)與該晶種結構(2)分離之方法,該碳結構包括石墨烯、奈米碳管或半導體奈米線,該晶種結構為金屬結構,該方法包含:在一化學氣相沉積(CVD)反應器(4)之同一個製程室(7)中,(i)藉由提供一含碳製程氣體,在該晶種結構(2)上沉積該碳結構(1),以及(ii)之後將該晶種結構(2)自該碳結構(1)分離,其係藉由:在該CVD反應器(4)之該製程室(7)中,將一基板(3)加熱至製程溫度,其中在加熱期間,該基板(3)係包含有該晶種結構(2)及形成於該晶種結構(2)上之該碳結構(1);在該碳結構(1)形成於該晶種結構(2)上的情況下,饋送至少一總式為AOmXn、AOmXnYp或AmXn之蝕刻氣體到該製程室(7)中,其中A選自包含S、C、N之元素群組,其中O為氧,其中X、Y為不同鹵素,並且m、n、p為大於零之自然數;藉由使該晶種結構(2)與該蝕刻氣體發生化學反應,將該晶種結構轉變成氣態反應產物;及用載氣流將該氣態反應產物移出該製程室(7),其中該蝕刻氣體係以供熱方式或利用電漿來活化。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該晶種結構包含至少一選自以下元素群組之元素:Cu、Ni、Co、Fe、Ru、Ir、Ga、Gd、Mo、Mn、Ag、Au、B、Si、Ge。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該晶種結構(2)設於基板(3)與該碳 結構(1)之間,或者位於該碳結構上方且設於該基板中,並且該晶種結構由粒子、基板(3)上之層構成或者直接由該基板構成。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,藉由在該CVD反應器(4)內部、在該處之進氣機構(8)內部或者在該製程室(7)內部加熱該蝕刻氣體以活化之。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該蝕刻氣體包含氯元素,且為SOCl2。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該蝕刻氣體為一由數種不同氣體所組成之氣體混合物。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該蝕刻氣體由蝕刻氣體源(11)提供,在該蝕刻氣體源中蒸發一液體。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,將總式為RX之附加氣體連同該蝕刻氣體一起送入該製程室,其中R為氫或金屬,並且X為鹵素。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,藉由測定該晶種結構之表面(2')的反射率,以測定該晶種結構(2)轉變成氣態反應產物之進度,其中使用光源(18)及偵測器(21)來測定該反射率,該光源產生入射光束(19),該入射光束在該晶種結構之表面(2')被反射,該偵測器測量反射光束(20)之強度,其中該入射光束(19)入射時垂直於該表面(2')之表面延伸或與該表面之表面延伸成一定角度,及/或連續或脈衝式產生該光束。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中,當該射出光束(20)被該偵測器(21)所測定之強度在經歷過最小值後達到最大值時,停止向該製程室導入該蝕刻氣體。
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