TWI685540B - 熱硬化性樹脂組成物、其硬化物、及用於其之活性酯樹脂 - Google Patents
熱硬化性樹脂組成物、其硬化物、及用於其之活性酯樹脂 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI685540B TWI685540B TW104136288A TW104136288A TWI685540B TW I685540 B TWI685540 B TW I685540B TW 104136288 A TW104136288 A TW 104136288A TW 104136288 A TW104136288 A TW 104136288A TW I685540 B TWI685540 B TW I685540B
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Abstract
本發明提供一種其硬化物為低介電常數、低介電損耗正切,並且兼具優異之難燃性、耐熱性及耐熱分解性之熱硬化性樹脂組成物、其硬化物、及用於其之活性酯樹脂。具體而言,藉由提供一種熱硬化性樹脂組成物而解決上述課題,該熱硬化性樹脂組成物之特徵在於:其以活性酯樹脂及環氧樹脂作為必需成分,該活性酯樹脂之特徵在於其具有下述樹脂結構:具有下述式(I)表示之結構部位且其兩末端為一價之芳氧基。
Description
本發明係關於一種其硬化物表現優異之難燃性、耐熱性、低介電常數、低介電損耗正切、耐熱分解性之熱硬化性樹脂組成物、其硬化物、及用於其之活性酯樹脂。
以環氧樹脂及其硬化劑作為必需成分之熱硬化性樹脂組成物由於其硬化物表現優異之耐熱性及絕緣性,故而被廣泛地用於半導體或多層印刷基板等電子零件用途。
於該電子零件用途中,於多層印刷基板絕緣材料之技術領域中,近年來,各種電子機器之信號之高速化、高頻化正在進展。然而,伴隨信號之高速化、高頻化,維持足夠低之介電常數並且獲得低介電損耗正切逐漸變得困難。
因此,期望提供一種能夠獲得即便對高速化、高頻化之信號亦維持足夠低之介電常數並且表現足夠低之介電損耗正切之硬化體的熱硬化性樹脂組成物。作為能夠實現該等低介電常數、低介電損耗正切之材料,已知有將使苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂中之酚性羥基進行芳基酯化而獲得之活性酯化合物用作環氧樹脂用硬化劑之技術(專利文獻1)。
然而,用於上述半導體或多層印刷基板之領域之絕緣材料不可缺少對以戴奧辛問題為代表之環境問題之應對,近年來,不使用添加系之鹵素系難燃劑而使樹脂本身具有難燃效果之所謂無鹵素型難燃系統之要求越來越強烈。作為兼具該等低介電常數、低介電損耗正切及難燃性之環氧樹脂系材料,已知有將由苄醇與2,7-二羥基萘之反應物、間苯二甲酸氯化物(isophthalic acid chloride)及苯甲酸氯化物(benzoic acid chloride)構成之酯化合物併用作為環氧樹脂用硬化劑之技術(專利文獻2)。
另一方面,由於電子零件之高頻化或小型化之傾向,對多層印刷基板絕緣材料亦要求極高之耐熱性、耐熱分解性,但上述由苄醇與2,7-二羥基萘之反應物、間苯二甲酸氯化物及苯甲酸氯化物構成之酯化合物因芳基酯結構之導入而存在硬化物之交聯密度下降、硬化物之耐熱分解性不充分之情形。
目前,尚未知適於如此具有難燃性、且高度兼具低介電常數、低介電損耗正切、高耐熱性及耐熱分解性之多層印刷基板絕緣材料的絕緣材料。
[專利文獻1]日本特開平7-82348號公報
[專利文獻2]國際公開第2012/002119號公報
本發明所欲解決之課題在於提供一種其硬化物為低介電常
數、低介電損耗正切、並且兼具優異之難燃性、耐熱性及耐熱分解性之熱硬化性樹脂組成物、其硬化物、及用於其之活性酯樹脂。
本發明人等為了解決上述課題而反覆進行深入研究,結果發現,作為環氧樹脂用硬化劑而具有伸萘基醚結構作為主骨架、且於其末端導入活性酯結構部位,藉此其硬化物為低介電常數、低介電損耗正切,並且兼具優異之難燃性、耐熱性及耐熱分解性,以至完成本發明。
即,本發明係
(1)關於一種熱硬化性樹脂組成物,其特徵在於以活性酯樹脂及環氧樹脂作為必需成分,該活性酯樹脂之特徵在於具有下述樹脂結構:具有下述式(I)表示之結構部位且其兩末端為一價之芳氧基。
表示之基,m為1~6之整數,n分別獨立地為1~5之整數,q分別獨立地為0~6之整數,式(II)中,k分別獨立地為1~5之整數,式(III)中,Y為上述式(II)表示之基(k分別獨立地為1~5之整數),t分別獨立地為0~5之整數)
(2)又,本發明係關於一種活性酯樹脂,其特徵在於具有下述樹脂結構:具有下述式(I)表示之結構部位且其兩末端為一價之芳氧基。
表示之基,m為1~6之整數,n分別獨立地為1~5之整數,q分別獨立地為0~6之整數,式(II)中,k分別獨立地為1~5之整數,式(III)中,Y為上述式(II)表示之基(k分別獨立地為1~5之整數),t分別獨立地為0~5之整數)
又,本發明係關於使上述(1)記載之熱硬化性樹脂組成物硬化而獲得之硬化物;使將上述(1)記載之熱硬化性樹脂組成物稀釋於有機溶劑而成者含浸於補強基材,並使所獲得之含浸基材半硬化,藉此而獲得之預浸體;將使上述預浸體成形為板狀而成者與銅箔積層,並進行加熱加壓成型而獲得之電路基板;把將上述(1)記載之熱硬化性樹脂組成物稀釋於有機溶劑而成者塗布於基材膜上,並使其乾燥,藉此而獲得之增層(buildup)膜;將上述增層膜塗布於形成有電路之電路基板並使其加熱硬化,並於藉此獲得之電路基板形成凹凸,繼而對上述電路基板進行鍍敷處理,藉此而獲得之增層基板;含有上述(1)記載之熱硬化性樹脂組成物及無機填充材之半導體密封材料;以及使上述半導體密封材料加熱硬化而獲得之半導體裝置。
又,本發明係關於上述(2)記載之活性酯樹脂,該活性酯樹脂係藉由經過如下步驟而獲得者:使二羥基萘化合物與苄醇進行反應而獲得苄基改質萘化合物的步驟,及使所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物與芳香族
二羧酸氯化物(aromatic dicarboxylic acid chloride)及一元酚系化合物進行反應的步驟。
根據本發明,可提供一種其硬化物為低介電常數、低介電損耗正切、並且兼具優異之難燃性、耐熱性及耐熱分解性之熱硬化性樹脂組成物、其硬化物、表現該等性能之活性酯樹脂、由上述組成物所獲得之預浸體、電路基板、增層膜、增層基板、半導體密封材料及半導體裝置。
圖1係於合成例2中所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-2)之GPC圖表。
圖2係於合成例2中所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-2)之GC-TOF-MS圖譜。
圖3係於合成例3中所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-3)之GPC圖表。
圖4係於合成例3中所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-3)之GC-TOF-MS圖譜。
圖5係於實施例2中所獲得之活性酯樹脂(B-2)之GPC圖表。
圖6係於實施例2中所獲得之活性酯樹脂(B-2)之MALDI-TOF-MS圖譜。
圖7係於實施例3中所獲得之活性酯樹脂(B-3)之GPC圖表。
圖8係於實施例3中所獲得之活性酯樹脂(B-3)之MALDI-TOF-MS圖譜。
以下,對本發明詳細地進行說明。
<活性酯樹脂>
表示之結構部位且其兩末端為一價之芳氧基。
表示之基,m為1~6之整數,n分別獨立地為1~5之整數,
q分別獨立地為0~6之整數,式(II)中,k分別獨立地為1~5之整數,式(III)中,Y為上述式(II)表示之基(k分別獨立地為1~5之整數),t分別獨立地為0~5之整數)
式(I)中,為了明確表示m與n之關係,以下,例示若干型態,但本發明之活性酯樹脂並非限定於該等。
例如,於m=1時,式(I)表示下述式(I-I)之結構。
式(I-I)中,n為1~5之整數,q分別獨立地為0~6之整數。再者,和m與n之關係同樣地,關於q,亦於n為2以上之情形時,各個q獨立地表示0~6之整數。
又,例如,於m=2時,式(I)表示下述式(I-II)之結構。
式(I-II)中,n分別獨立地為1~5之整數,q分別獨立地為0~6之整數。再者,和m與n之關係同樣地,關於q,亦於n為2以上
之情形時,各個q獨立地表示0~6之整數。
(關於骨架與效果之關係)
於本發明中,由於在分子主骨架上具有伸萘基醚結構部位,故而能夠對硬化物賦予優異之耐熱性及難燃性,並且由於該結構部位具有於下述式(IV)表示之結構部位鍵結之結構,故而能夠使硬化物兼具低介電常數、低介電損耗正切等優異之介電特性。又,於本發明之活性酯樹脂之樹脂結構中,設為具有芳氧基作為兩末端之結構,藉此,於多層印刷基板用途中亦獲得足夠高之硬化物之耐熱分解性之提高。
(軟化點)
關於本發明之活性酯樹脂,特別是就硬化物之耐熱性優異方面而言,其軟化點較佳處於100~200℃之範圍、尤其是100~190℃之範圍。
於本發明之活性酯樹脂中,可列舉式(I)中之m為1~6之整數者。其中,較佳為m為1~5之整數者。又,可列舉式(I)中之n分別獨立地為1~5之整數者。其中,較佳為n為1~3之整數者。
式(I)中,關於m與n之關係,為慎重起見進行記載,例如,於m為2以上之整數之情形時,會產生2以上之n,但此時n分別為獨立之值。只要為上述n之數值範圍內,則可為相同之值,亦可為不同之值。
於本發明之活性酯樹脂中,式(I)中,於q為1以上之情形時,X可取代於萘環結構中之任一位置。
關於上述樹脂結構之兩末端之芳氧基,可列舉源自苯酚、甲酚、p-t-丁基苯酚(對三級丁基苯酚)、1-萘酚、2-萘酚等一元酚系化合物者。其中,就硬化物之耐熱分解性之觀點而言,較佳為苯氧基、甲苯氧基或1-萘氧基,進一步較佳為1-萘氧基。
以下,對本發明之活性酯樹脂之製造方法進行詳細敍述。
本發明之活性酯樹脂之製造方法之特徵在於其由如下步驟構成,即:使二羥基萘化合物與苄醇於酸觸媒之存在下進行反應而獲得苄基改質萘化合物(A)的步驟(以下有時將該步驟簡稱為「步驟1」);及繼而使所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A)與芳香族二羧酸氯化物及一元酚系化合物進行反應的步驟(以下有時將該步驟簡稱為「步驟2」)。
即,於本發明中,首先,於步驟1中使上述二羥基萘化合物與苄醇於酸觸媒之存在下進行反應,藉此可獲得以伸萘基結構作為主骨架且於其兩末端具有酚性羥基、且於該伸萘基結構之芳香核上呈懸掛(pendant)狀鍵結有苄基之結構的苄基改質萘化合物(A)。於此,應該特別說明,一般而言,於使二羥基萘化合物於酸觸媒下進行伸萘基醚化之情形時,分子量之調節極為困難,會成為高分子量者,相對於此,本發明藉由併用苄醇,可抑制此種高分子量化,可獲得適於電子材料用途之樹脂。
進一步,於本發明中,藉由調節苄醇之使用量,不僅可調節目標苄基改質萘化合物(A)中之苄基之含有率,亦可調節苄基改質萘化合物(A)之熔融黏度本身。即,通常,上述二羥基萘化合物與苄醇之反應比率可自「以莫耳基準計,上述二羥基萘化合物與苄醇之反應比率(二羥基萘化合物)/(苄醇)為1/0.1~1/10之範圍」進行選擇,但就與耐熱性、
難燃性、介電特性、耐熱分解性之平衡方面而言,較佳為以莫耳基準計上述二羥基萘化合物與苄醇之反應比率(二羥基萘化合物)/(苄醇)為1/0.5~1/4.0之範圍。
關於此處可使用之二羥基萘化合物,例如可列舉:1,2-二羥基萘、1,3-二羥基萘、1,4-二羥基萘、1,5-二羥基萘、1,6-二羥基萘、1,7-二羥基萘、1,8-二羥基萘、2,3-二羥基萘、2,6-二羥基萘、2,7-二羥基萘等。於該等之中,就所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A)之硬化物之難燃性更良好、且該硬化物之介電損耗正切亦變低、介電特性變良好方面而言,較佳為1,6-二羥基萘或2,7-二羥基萘,更佳為2,7-二羥基萘。
關於在上述步驟1中之二羥基萘化合物與苄醇之反應中能夠使用之酸觸媒,例如可列舉:磷酸、硫酸、鹽酸等無機酸,草酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、氟甲磺酸等有機酸,氯化鋁、氯化鋅、四氯化錫、三氯化鐵、硫酸二乙酯等夫誇(Friedel-Crafts)觸媒。
又,關於上述酸觸媒之使用量,可根據目標改質率等適當進行選擇,較佳為,例如於無機酸或有機酸之情形時,相對於二羥基萘化合物100質量份,為0.001~5.0質量份,較佳為0.01~3.0質量份之範圍,於夫誇觸媒之情形時,相對於二羥基萘化合物1莫耳,為0.2~3.0莫耳,較佳為0.5~2.0莫耳之範圍。
上述步驟1中之二羥基萘化合物與苄醇之反應可於無溶劑下進行,但就提高反應系統內之均勻性方面而言亦可於溶劑下進行。作為該溶劑,例如可列舉:乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇二丙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二丙醚、乙二醇單甲醚、乙二
醇單乙醚、乙二醇單丙醚、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇單丙醚、二乙二醇單丁醚等乙二醇或二乙二醇之單或二醚;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等非極性芳香族溶劑;二甲基甲醯胺或二甲基亞碸等非質子性極性溶劑;氯苯等。
關於進行上述步驟1之反應之具體方法,可於無溶劑下、或於上述溶劑存在下使二羥基萘化合物、苄醇及上述酸觸媒溶解,並於60~180℃、較佳為80~160℃左右之溫度條件下進行。又,反應時間並無特別限定,較佳為1~10小時。因此,具體而言,該反應可藉由將上述溫度保持1~10小時而進行。又,就反應迅速地進行而生產性提高方面而言,較佳使用分餾管等將於反應中生成之水蒸餾去除至系統外。
又,於所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物之著色嚴重之情形時,為了抑制該情況,亦可於反應系統中添加抗氧化劑或還原劑。作為抗氧化劑,例如可列舉:2,6-二烷基苯酚衍生物等受阻酚(hindered phenol)系化合物、二價之硫系化合物、含有三價磷原子之亞磷酸酯系化合物等。作為還原劑,例如可列舉:次磷酸、亞磷酸、硫代硫酸、亞硫酸、亞硫酸氫鹽或該等之鹽等。
於反應結束後,可藉由對酸觸媒進行中和處理、水洗處理或使其分解而將其去除,並藉由萃取、蒸餾等一般之操作分離目標之具有酚性羥基之樹脂。中和處理或水洗處理按照慣例進行即可,例如可將氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、氨、三伸乙基四胺、苯胺等鹼性物質用作中和劑。
於此,作為上述芳香族二羧酸氯化物,具體而言,可列舉鄰苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸、1,6-萘二甲酸、2,7
-萘二甲酸之酸氯化物(acid chloride)等。其中,就溶劑溶解性與耐熱性之平衡方面而言,較佳為間苯二甲酸氯化物、對苯二甲酸氯化物。
作為上述一元酚系化合物,具體而言,可列舉:苯酚、甲酚、對三級丁基苯酚、1-萘酚、2-萘酚等。其中,就與羧酸氯化物之反應性良好方面而言,較佳為苯酚、甲酚、1-萘酚,就耐熱分解性良好方面而言,進一步較佳為1-萘酚。
於此,關於使上述苄基改質萘化合物(A)、芳香族二羧酸氯化物、以及一元酚系化合物進行反應之方法,具體而言,可使該等各成分於鹼觸媒之存在下進行反應。
作為於此可使用之鹼觸媒,可列舉:氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、三乙胺、吡啶等。於該等之中,特別是氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀可於水溶液之狀態下使用,就生產性良好方面而言,較佳。
關於上述反應,具體而言,可於有機溶劑之存在下,將上述各成分混合,並一面連續地或斷續地滴加上述鹼觸媒或其水溶液一面使其等反應。此時,鹼觸媒之水溶液之濃度較佳為3.0~30質量%之範圍。又,作為於此可使用之有機溶劑,可列舉:甲苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿等。
反應結束後,於使用鹼觸媒之水溶液之情形時,可將反應液靜置分液,去除水層,並重複進行該操作直至對殘留之有機層進行洗淨後之水層大致成為中性為止,而獲得目標樹脂。
關於以此方式獲得之本發明之活性酯樹脂,就成為向有機溶劑之溶解性變高、且適於電路基板用清漆之材料,以及與耐熱性、難燃性、介電特性、耐熱分解性之平衡優異方面而言,其軟化點較佳為100~200℃。
<環氧樹脂>
針對在本發明中使用之環氧樹脂進行說明。
關於上述環氧樹脂,例如可列舉:雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、雙酚E型環氧樹脂、雙酚S型環氧樹脂、雙酚硫化物型環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、四甲基聯苯型環氧樹脂、多羥基萘型環氧樹脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、雙酚A酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、三苯甲烷型環氧樹脂、四苯乙烷型環氧樹脂、二環戊二烯-苯酚加成反應型環氧樹脂、苯酚芳烷基(phenol aralkyl)型環氧樹脂、聯苯芳烷基型環氧樹脂、聯苯酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、萘酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、萘酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂、萘酚-苯酚共縮酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、萘酚-甲酚共縮酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、聯苯改質苯酚型環氧樹脂(苯酚骨架與聯苯骨架經雙亞甲基連結而成之多酚型環氧樹脂)、聯苯改質萘酚型環氧樹脂(萘酚骨架與聯苯骨架經雙亞甲基連結而成之多元萘酚型環氧樹脂)、含烷氧基之芳香環改質酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂(含環氧丙基之芳香環與含烷氧基之芳香環經甲醛連結而成之化合物)、苯醚型環氧樹脂、萘醚型環氧樹脂、芳香族烴甲醛樹脂改質酚樹脂型環氧樹脂、二苯并哌喃(xanthene)型環氧樹脂等。該等可分別單獨使用,亦可併用2種以上。
於上述之中,就可獲得介電特性優異之硬化物方面而言,苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、雙酚A酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、多羥基萘型環氧樹脂、三苯甲烷型環氧樹脂、四苯基乙烷型環氧樹脂、聯苯酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、萘酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、萘酚-苯酚共縮酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、萘酚-甲酚共縮酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、苯醚型
環氧樹脂、萘醚型環氧樹脂、二苯并哌喃型環氧樹脂等就可獲得耐熱性優異之硬化物方面而言,尤其較佳。
於上述之中,就可獲得介電特性優異之硬化物方面而言,較佳為二環戊二烯-苯酚加成反應型環氧樹脂、萘酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、苯酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂、聯苯芳烷基型環氧樹脂、萘酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂、萘酚-苯酚共縮酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、萘酚-甲酚共縮酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、聯苯改質苯酚型環氧樹脂(苯酚骨架與聯苯骨架經雙亞甲基連結而成之多酚型環氧樹脂)、聯苯改質萘酚型環氧樹脂(萘酚骨架與聯苯骨架經雙亞甲基連結而成之多元萘酚型環氧樹脂)、含烷氧基之芳香環改質酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂(含環氧丙基之芳香環與含烷氧基之芳香環經甲醛連結而成之化合物)、芳香族烴甲醛樹脂改質酚樹脂型環氧樹脂、萘醚型環氧樹脂。
<關於熱硬化性樹脂組成物>
關於本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物中之活性酯樹脂及環氧樹脂之摻合量,就硬化性及硬化物之各物性良好方面而言,較佳相對於上述環氧樹脂中之環氧基每1當量而構成上述活性酯樹脂中之酯的羰氧基成為0.8~1.5當量之比率,特別是,就可對硬化物於保持優異之難燃性之狀態下改善介電特性及耐熱性方面而言,較佳成為0.9~1.3當量之比率。
(其他硬化劑)
本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物中,除了上述活性酯樹脂及環氧樹脂以外,亦可併用環氧樹脂用硬化劑。作為於此可使用之環氧樹脂用硬化劑,例如可使用:胺系化合物、醯胺系化合物、酸酐系化合物、酚系化合物等硬化劑。具體而言,作為胺系化合物,可列舉:二胺基二苯甲烷、二伸乙
基三胺、三伸乙基四胺、二胺基二苯基碸、異佛酮二胺、咪唑、BF3-胺錯合物、胍衍生物等;作為醯胺系化合物,可列舉:二氰二胺、由次亞麻油酸之二聚物與乙二胺合成之聚醯胺樹脂等;作為酸酐系化合物,可列舉:鄰苯二甲酸酐、1,2,4-苯三甲酸酐、焦蜜石酸酐、順丁烯二酸酐、四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基耐地酸酐(methyl nadic anhydride)、六氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氫鄰苯二甲酸酐等;作為酚系化合物,可列舉:苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆樹脂、芳香族烴甲醛樹脂改質酚樹脂、二環戊二烯苯酚加成型樹脂、苯酚芳烷基樹脂、萘酚芳烷基樹脂、三羥甲基甲烷樹脂、四酚基乙烷(tetraphenylol ethane)樹脂、萘酚酚醛清漆樹脂、萘酚-苯酚共縮酚醛清漆樹脂、萘酚-甲酚共縮酚醛清漆樹脂、聯苯改質苯酚樹脂(苯酚核經雙亞甲基連結而成之多元苯酚化合物)、聯苯改質萘酚樹脂(苯酚核經雙亞甲基連結而成之多元萘酚化合物)、胺基三改質酚樹脂(酚核經三聚氰胺或苯胍(benzoguanamine)等連結而成之多酚化合物)等多酚化合物。
於該等之中,特別是於分子結構內含有多個芳香族骨架者就難燃效果方面而言較佳,具體而言,苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆樹脂、芳香族烴甲醛樹脂改質酚樹脂、苯酚芳烷基樹脂、萘酚芳烷基樹脂、萘酚酚醛清漆樹脂、萘酚-苯酚共縮酚醛清漆樹脂、萘酚-甲酚共縮酚醛清漆樹脂、聯苯改質苯酚樹脂、聯苯改質萘酚樹脂、胺基三改質酚樹脂由於難燃性優異,故而較佳。
於併用上述環氧樹脂用硬化劑之情形時,關於其使用量,就介電特性方面而言較佳為10~50質量%之範圍。
又,視需要亦可於本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物中適當併用硬化促進劑。作為上述硬化促進劑,可使用各種硬化促進劑,例如可列舉:磷系化合物、三級胺、咪唑、有機酸金屬鹽、路易士酸、胺錯鹽等。特別是於用作增層材料用途或電路基板用途之情形時,就耐熱性、介電特性、耐焊性等優異方面而言,較佳為二甲胺基吡啶或咪唑。特別是於用作半導體密封材料用途之情形時,就硬化性、耐熱性、電特性、耐濕可靠性等優異方面而言,磷系化合物中較佳為三苯基膦,三級胺中較佳為1,8-二氮雙環-[5.4.0]-十一烯(DBU)。
(其他熱硬化性樹脂)
本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物中,除於上述所詳細敍述之活性酯樹脂及環氧樹脂以外,亦可併用「其他熱硬化性樹脂」。關於該「其他熱硬化性樹脂」,例如可列舉:氰酸酯樹脂、苯并(benzoxazine)樹脂、順丁烯二醯亞胺化合物、活性酯樹脂、乙烯基苄基化合物、丙烯酸化合物、苯乙烯與順丁烯二酸酐之共聚物等。於併用「其他熱硬化性樹脂」之情形時,關於其使用量,只要不妨礙本發明之效果則並無特別限制,較佳為於熱硬化性樹脂組成物100質量份中為1~50質量份之範圍。
關於上述氰酸酯樹脂,例如可列舉:雙酚A型氰酸酯樹脂、雙酚F型氰酸酯樹脂、雙酚E型氰酸酯樹脂、雙酚S型氰酸酯樹脂、雙酚M型氰酸酯樹脂、雙酚P型氰酸酯樹脂、雙酚Z型氰酸酯樹脂、雙酚AP型氰酸酯樹脂、雙酚硫化物型氰酸酯樹脂、苯醚型氰酸酯樹脂、萘醚型氰酸酯樹脂、聯苯型氰酸酯樹脂、四甲基聯苯型氰酸酯樹脂、多羥基萘型氰酸酯樹脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯樹脂、三
苯甲烷型氰酸酯樹脂、四苯基乙烷型氰酸酯樹脂、二環戊二烯-苯酚加成反應型氰酸酯樹脂、苯酚芳烷基型氰酸酯樹脂、萘酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯樹脂、萘酚芳烷基型氰酸酯樹脂、萘酚-苯酚共縮酚醛清漆型氰酸酯樹脂、萘酚-甲酚共縮酚醛清漆型氰酸酯樹脂、芳香族烴甲醛樹脂改質酚樹脂型氰酸酯樹脂、聯苯改質酚醛清漆型氰酸酯樹脂、蒽型氰酸酯樹脂等。該等可分別單獨使用,亦可併用2種以上。
於該等氰酸酯樹脂之中,特別是就可獲得耐熱性優異之硬化物方面而言,較佳為使用雙酚A型氰酸酯樹脂、雙酚F型氰酸酯樹脂、雙酚E型氰酸酯樹脂、多羥基萘型氰酸酯樹脂、萘醚型氰酸酯樹脂、酚醛清漆型氰酸酯樹脂,就可獲得介電特性優異之硬化物方面而言,較佳為二環戊二烯-苯酚加成反應型氰酸酯樹脂。
作為上述苯并樹脂,並無特別限制,例如可列舉:雙酚F與福馬林及苯胺之反應生成物(F-a型苯并樹脂)或二胺基二苯甲烷與福馬林及苯酚之反應生成物(P-d型苯并樹脂)、雙酚A與福馬林及苯胺之反應生成物、二羥基二苯醚與福馬林及苯胺之反應生成物、二胺基二苯醚與福馬林及苯酚之反應生成物、二環戊二烯-苯酚加成型樹脂與福馬林及苯胺之反應生成物、酚酞與福馬林及苯胺之反應生成物、二苯硫醚與福馬林及苯胺之反應生成物等。該等可分別單獨使用,亦可併用2種以上。
關於上述順丁烯二醯亞胺化合物,例如可列舉下述結構式(i)~(iii)中之任一者所表示之各種化合物等。
(於上述式(i)中,Ra為v價之有機基,x及y分別為氫原子、鹵素原子、烷基、芳基中之任一者,v為1以上之整數)
(於上述式(ii)中,R為氫原子、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、鹵素原子、羥基、烷氧基中之任一者,i為1~3之整數,j為重複單位之平均且為0~10)
(於上述式(iii)中,R為氫原子、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、
鹵素原子、羥基、烷氧基中之任一者,i為1~3之整數,j為重複單位之平均且為0~10)該等可分別單獨使用,亦可併用2種以上。
作為「其他熱硬化性樹脂」之上述活性酯樹脂並無特別限制,一般可較佳地使用苯酚酯類、苯硫酚酯類、N-羥基胺酯類、雜環羥基化合物之酯類等於1分子中具有2個以上反應活性高之酯基之化合物。關於上述活性酯樹脂,較佳為藉由羧酸化合物及/或硫羧酸化合物、與羥基化合物及/或硫醇化合物之縮合反應而獲得者。特別是就提高耐熱性之觀點而言,較佳為由羧酸化合物或其鹵化物與羥基化合物所獲得之活性酯樹脂,更佳為由羧酸化合物或其鹵化物、與苯酚化合物及/或萘酚化合物所獲得之活性酯樹脂。作為羧酸化合物,例如可列舉:苯甲酸、乙酸、丁二酸、順丁烯二酸、伊康酸、鄰苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸、焦蜜石酸等、或其鹵化物。作為苯酚化合物或萘酚化合物,可列舉:對苯二酚、間苯二酚、雙酚A、雙酚F、雙酚S、二羥基二苯醚、酚酞、甲基化雙酚A、甲基化雙酚F、甲基化雙酚S、苯酚、鄰甲酚、間甲酚、對甲酚、鄰苯二酚、α-萘酚、β-萘酚、1,5-二羥基萘、1,6-二羥基萘、2,6-二羥基萘、二羥基二苯甲酮、三羥基二苯甲酮、四羥基二苯甲酮、根皮三酚、苯三酚、二環戊二烯-苯酚加成型樹脂等。
作為活性酯樹脂,具體而言,較佳為:包含二環戊二烯-苯酚加成結構之活性酯系樹脂、包含萘結構之活性酯樹脂、作為苯酚酚醛清漆之乙醯化物之活性酯樹脂、作為苯酚酚醛清漆之苯甲醯化物之活性酯樹脂等,其中,就剝離強度之提高優異方面而言,更佳為:包含二環戊二烯-苯酚加成結構之活性酯樹脂、包含萘結構之活性酯樹脂。作為包含二環戊二烯-
苯酚加成結構之活性酯樹脂,更具體而言,可列舉下述通式(iv)表示之化合物。
[式中,Rb為苯基或萘基,d表示0或1,h為重複單位之平均且為0.05~2.5]
就使樹脂組成物之硬化物之介電損耗正切下降、使耐熱性提高之觀點而言,Rb較佳為萘基,d較佳為0,又,h較佳為0.25~1.5。
以上所詳細敍述之本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物表現優異之溶劑溶解性。因此,該熱硬化性樹脂組成物較佳除上述各成分以外摻合有機溶劑。作為於此可使用之上述有機溶劑,可列舉:甲基乙基酮、丙酮、二甲基甲醯胺、甲基異丁基酮、甲氧基丙醇、環己酮、甲基賽路蘇、乙基二甘醇乙酸酯(ethyl diglycol acetate)、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯等,其選擇或恰當之使用量可根據用途而適當進行選擇,例如,於印刷配線板用途中,較佳為甲基乙基酮、丙酮、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇等沸點為160℃以下之極性溶劑,又,較佳以非揮發分成為40~80質量%之比率使用。另一方面,於增層用接著膜用途中,作為有機溶劑,例如,較佳使用:丙酮、甲基乙基酮、環己酮等酮類、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸賽路蘇(cellosolve acetate)、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、卡必醇乙酸酯等乙酸酯類、賽路蘇、丁基卡必醇等卡
必醇類、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烴類、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮等,又,較佳以非揮發分成為30~60質量%之比率使用。
又,關於上述熱硬化性樹脂組成物,為了發揮難燃性,例如於印刷配線板之領域內,亦可於不降低可靠性之範圍內摻合實質上不含有鹵素原子之非鹵素系難燃劑。
作為上述非鹵素系難燃劑,例如可列舉:磷系難燃劑、氮系難燃劑、聚矽氧系難燃劑、無機系難燃劑、有機金屬鹽系難燃劑等,於該等之使用時亦不受任何限制,可單獨使用,亦可使用複數種同一系之難燃劑,又,亦可組合使用不同系之難燃劑。
作為上述磷系難燃劑,可使用無機系、有機系中之任一者。作為無機系化合物,例如可列舉:紅磷、磷酸一銨、磷酸二銨、磷酸三銨、多磷酸銨等磷酸銨類、磷醯胺(phosphoric amide)等無機系含氮磷化合物。
又,上述紅磷較佳以防止水解等為目的而被施加表面處理,作為表面處理方法,例如可列舉:(i)藉由氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鋅、氫氧化鈦、氧化鉍、氫氧化鉍、硝酸鉍或該等之混合物等無機化合物進行被覆處理之方法,(ii)藉由氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鋅、氫氧化鈦等無機化合物與酚樹脂等熱硬化性樹脂之混合物進行被覆處理之方法,(iii)於氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鋅、氫氧化鈦等無機化合物之被膜上藉由酚樹脂等熱硬化性樹脂進行雙重被覆處理之方法等。
作為上述有機磷系化合物,例如可列舉:磷酸酯化合物、膦酸化合物、次膦酸(phosphinic acid)化合物、氧化膦化合物、磷烷(phosphorane)化合物、有機系含氮磷化合物等通用有機磷系化合物,以及9,10-二氫-9
-氧雜-10-磷雜菲=10-氧化物、10-(2,5-二羥基苯基)-10H-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲=10-氧化物、10-(2,7-二羥基萘基)-10H-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲=10-氧化物等環狀有機磷化合物及使其與環氧樹脂或酚樹脂等化合物進行反應而成之衍生物等。
作為其等之摻合量,可根據磷系難燃劑之種類、除熱硬化性樹脂組成物以外之成分、所期望之難燃性之程度而適當進行選擇,例如,於將活性酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、非鹵素系難燃劑及其他填充材或添加劑等全部摻合而成之熱硬化性樹脂組成物100質量份中,於將紅磷用作非鹵素系難燃劑之情形時,較佳為以0.1~2.0質量份之範圍進行摻合,於使用有機磷化合物之情形時,同樣地較佳以0.1~10.0質量份之範圍進行摻合,尤其較佳以0.5~6.0質量份之範圍進行摻合。
又,於使用上述磷系難燃劑之情形時,亦可於該磷系難燃劑中併用水滑石、氫氧化鎂、硼化合物、氧化鋯、黑色染料、碳酸鈣、沸石、鉬酸鋅、活性碳等。
作為上述三化合物,例如可列舉:三聚氰胺、乙胍(acetoguanamine)、苯胍、鯨蠟(melon)、蜜白胺、琥珀胍胺(succinoguamamine)、伸乙基雙三聚氰胺(ethylene dimelamine)、多磷酸三聚氰胺、三胍胺(triguanamine)等,以及例如硫酸甲脒基三聚氰胺、硫酸蜜勒胺、硫酸蜜白胺等硫酸胺基三化合物,上述胺基三改質酚樹脂,及
該胺基三改質酚樹脂進一步經桐油、異構化亞麻籽油等改質而成者等。
作為上述三聚氰酸化合物之具體例,例如可列舉:三聚氰酸、三聚氰酸三聚氰胺等。
作為上述氮系難燃劑之摻合量,可根據氮系難燃劑之種類、除熱硬化性樹脂組成物以外之成分、所期望之難燃性之程度而適當進行選擇,例如,於將活性酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、非鹵素系難燃劑及其他填充材或添加劑等全部摻合而成之熱硬化性樹脂組成物100質量份中,較佳以0.05~10質量份之範圍進行摻合,尤其較佳以0.1~5質量份之範圍進行摻合。
又,於使用上述氮系難燃劑時,亦可併用金屬氫氧化物、鉬化合物等。
作為上述聚矽氧系難燃劑,只要為含有矽原子之有機化合物則可無特別限制地使用,例如可列舉:聚矽氧油、聚矽氧橡膠、聚矽氧樹脂等。
作為上述聚矽氧系難燃劑之摻合量,可根據聚矽氧系難燃劑之種類、除熱硬化性樹脂組成物以外之成分、所期望之難燃性之程度而適當進行選擇,例如,於將活性酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、非鹵素系難燃劑及其他填充材或添加劑等全部摻合而成之熱硬化性樹脂組成物100質量份中,較佳以0.05~20質量份之範圍進行摻合。又,於使用上述聚矽氧系難燃劑時,亦可併用鉬化合物、氧化鋁等。
作為上述無機系難燃劑,例如可列舉:金屬氫氧化物、金屬氧化物、金屬碳酸鹽化合物、金屬粉、硼化合物、低熔點玻璃等。
作為上述金屬氫氧化物之具體例,例如可列舉:氫氧化鋁、
氫氧化鎂、白雲石、水滑石、氫氧化鈣、氫氧化鋇、氫氧化鋯等。
作為上述金屬氧化物之具體例,例如可列舉:鉬酸鋅、三氧化鉬、錫酸鋅、氧化錫、氧化鋁、氧化鐵、氧化鈦、氧化錳、氧化鋯、氧化鋅、氧化鉬、氧化鈷、氧化鉍、氧化鉻、氧化鎳、氧化銅、氧化鎢等。
作為上述金屬碳酸鹽化合物之具體例,例如可列舉:碳酸鋅、碳酸鎂、碳酸鈣、碳酸鋇、鹼性碳酸鎂、碳酸鋁、碳酸鐵、碳酸鈷、碳酸鈦等。
作為上述金屬粉之具體例,例如可列舉:鋁、鐵、鈦、錳、鋅、鉬、鈷、鉍、鉻、鎳、銅、鎢、錫等。
作為上述硼化合物之具體例,例如可列舉:硼酸鋅、偏硼酸鋅、偏硼酸鋇、硼酸、硼砂等。
作為上述低熔點玻璃之具體例,例如可列舉:CEEPREE(Bokusui Brown公司)水合玻璃SiO2-MgO-H2O、PbO-B2O3系、ZnO-P2O5-MgO系、P2O5-B2O3-PbO-MgO系、P-Sn-O-F系、PbO-V2O5-TeO2系、Al2O3-H2O系、硼矽酸鉛系等玻璃狀化合物。
作為上述無機系難燃劑之摻合量,可根據無機系難燃劑之種類、除熱硬化性樹脂組成物以外之成分、所期望之難燃性之程度而適當進行選擇,例如,於將活性酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、非鹵素系難燃劑及其他填充材或添加劑等全部摻合而成之熱硬化性樹脂組成物100質量份中,較佳以0.05~20質量份之範圍進行摻合,尤其較佳以0.5~15質量份之範圍進行摻合。
作為上述有機金屬鹽系難燃劑,例如可列舉:二茂鐵、乙醯
丙酮金屬錯合物、有機金屬羰基化合物、有機鈷鹽化合物、有機磺酸金屬鹽、金屬原子與芳香族化合物或雜環化合物經離子鍵結或配位鍵結而成之化合物等。
作為上述有機金屬鹽系難燃劑之摻合量,可根據有機金屬鹽系難燃劑之種類、除熱硬化性樹脂組成物以外之成分、所期望之難燃性之程度而適當進行選擇,例如,於將活性酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、非鹵素系難燃劑及其他填充材或添加劑等全部摻合而成之熱硬化性樹脂組成物100質量份中,較佳以0.005~10質量份之範圍進行摻合。
於本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物中,視需要可摻合無機填充材。作為上述無機填充材,例如可列舉:熔融二氧化矽、結晶二氧化矽、氧化鋁、氮化矽、氫氧化鋁等。於特別增大上述無機填充材之摻合量之情形時,較佳使用熔融二氧化矽。關於上述熔融二氧化矽,破碎狀、球狀之任一者均可使用,但為了提高熔融二氧化矽之摻合量且抑制成形材料之熔融黏度之上升,較佳主要使用球狀者。進一步,為了提高球狀二氧化矽之摻合量,較佳適當地調整球狀二氧化矽之粒度分布。關於其填充率,考慮難燃性則高者較佳,相對於熱硬化性樹脂組成物之整體量,尤其較佳為20質量%以上。又,於用於導電膏等用途之情形時,可使用銀粉或銅粉等導電性填充劑。
本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物視需要可添加矽烷偶合劑、脫模劑、顏料、乳化劑等各種摻合劑。
本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物可藉由將上述各成分均勻地混合而獲得。摻合本發明之活性酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、以及視需要之硬化促
進劑而成的本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物,可藉由與習知之方法相同之方法容易地製成硬化物。作為該硬化物可列舉積層物、澆鑄物、接著層、塗膜、膜等成形硬化物。
作為本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物被使用之用途,可列舉:硬質印刷配線板材料、撓性配線基板用樹脂組成物、增層基板用層間絕緣材料等電路基板用絕緣材料、半導體密封材料、導電膏、增層用接著膜、樹脂澆鑄材料、接著劑等。該等各種用途中,於硬質印刷配線板材料、電子電路基板用絕緣材料、增層用接著膜用途中,可用作將電容器等被動零件或IC晶片等主動零件埋入至基板內之所謂電子零件內藏用基板用絕緣材料。於該等之中,就高難燃性、高耐熱性、低熱膨脹性、及溶劑溶解性等特性而言,較佳用於硬質印刷配線板材料、撓性配線基板用樹脂組成物、增層基板用層間絕緣材料等電路基板用材料、及半導體密封材料。
於此,本發明之電路基板係藉由如下方法而製造,即:將熱硬化性樹脂組成物稀釋於有機溶劑而獲得清漆,將使該清漆成形為板狀而成者與銅箔積層,並進行加熱加壓成型。具體而言,例如於製造硬質印刷配線基板時,可列舉如下方法:對上述含有機溶劑之清漆狀熱硬化性樹脂組成物進一步摻合有機溶劑並進行清漆化,使其含浸於補強基材,並進行半硬化,藉此進行製造而獲得本發明之預浸體,於該預浸體上重疊銅箔並進行加熱壓接。關於此處可使用之補強基材,可列舉:紙、玻璃布、玻璃不織布、聚芳醯胺(aramid)紙、聚芳醯胺布、玻璃氈(glass mat)、玻璃粗紗布(glass roving cloth)等。若對該方法進行更詳細敍述,則首先,對上述清漆狀熱硬化性樹脂組成物以與所使用之溶劑種類對應之加熱溫度、較佳
為50~170℃進行加熱,藉此獲得作為硬化物之預浸體。此時,作為所使用之熱硬化性樹脂組成物與補強基材之質量比率,並無特別限定,通常較佳以預浸體中之樹脂量成為20~60質量%之方式進行製備。繼而,將如上所述般獲得之預浸體根據慣例進行積層,適當重疊銅箔,並於1~10MPa之加壓下以170~250℃加熱壓接10分鐘~3小時,藉此,可獲得目標電路基板。
於由本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物製造撓性配線基板時,摻合活性酯樹脂、環氧樹脂及有機溶劑,並使用逆輥塗布機、缺角輪塗布機(comma coater)等塗布機塗布於電絕緣性膜。繼而,使用加熱機以60~170℃加熱1~15分鐘使溶劑揮發,而對接著劑組成物進行B-階段化。繼而,使用加熱輥等,將金屬箔熱壓接於接著劑。此時之壓接壓力較佳為2~200N/cm,壓接溫度較佳為40~200℃。若因此可獲得充分之接著性能,則於此結束亦可,但於需要完全硬化之情形時,較佳進一步以100~200℃、1~24小時之條件使其後硬化。最終硬化後之接著劑組成物膜之厚度較佳為5~100μm之範圍。
作為由本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物獲得增層基板用層間絕緣材料之方法,例如,使用噴霧塗布法、簾幕式塗布法等,將適當摻合有橡膠、填料等之該熱硬化性樹脂組成物塗布於形成有電路之配線基板後,使其硬化。其後,視需要進行特定之貫通孔(through hole)部等之開孔後,利用粗化劑進行處理,並對其表面進行熱水洗,藉此形成凹凸,鍍敷處理銅等金屬。作為上述鍍敷方法,較佳為無電鍍、電鍍處理,又,作為上述粗化劑,可列舉:氧化劑、鹼、有機溶劑等。視需要依序重複進行此
種操作,交替地增層而形成樹脂絕緣層及特定之電路圖案之導體層,藉此可獲得增層基板。其中,貫通孔部之開孔係於最外層之樹脂絕緣層形成後進行。又,亦可將使該樹脂組成物於銅箔上半硬化而成之附樹脂銅箔,以170~250℃加熱壓接於形成有電路之配線基板上,藉此而形成粗化面,省略鍍敷處理之步驟,而製作增層基板。
其次,於由本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物製造半導體密封材料時,可列舉如下方法:將活性酯樹脂及環氧樹脂、以及無機填充劑等摻合劑視需要使用擠出機、捏合機、輥等充分地進行熔融混合直至均勻為止。此時,作為無機填充劑,通常使用二氧化矽,於該情形時,藉由在熱硬化性樹脂組成物中以成為70~95質量%之比率摻合無機填充材而成為本發明之半導體密封材料。作為半導體封裝成形,可列舉如下方法:將該組成物進行澆鑄、或者使用轉移成形機、射出成形機等進行成形,進一步以50~200℃加熱2~10小時,藉此獲得作為成形物之半導體裝置。
關於由本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物製造增層用接著膜之方法,例如可列舉如下方法:將本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物塗布於支持膜上,形成樹脂組成物層,而製成多層印刷配線板用接著膜。
於將本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物用於增層用接著膜之情形時,關於該接著膜,重要的是:於真空層壓法中之層壓之溫度條件(通常為70℃~140℃)下軟化,且與電路基板之層壓同時顯示可實現存在於電路基板之通孔(via hole)或貫通孔內之樹脂填充的流動性(樹脂流動),較佳為以表現此種特性之方式摻合上述各成分。
於此,多層印刷配線板之貫通孔之直徑通常為0.1~0.5
mm,深度通常為0.1~1.2mm,且通常較佳可於該範圍內實現樹脂填充。再者,於對電路基板之兩面進行層壓之情形時,理想為填充貫通孔之1/2左右。
關於製造上述接著膜之方法,具體而言,可藉由如下方法製造,即:於製備清漆狀之本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物後,將該清漆狀組成物塗布於支持膜之表面,進一步藉由進行加熱或吹送熱風等使有機溶劑乾燥,而形成熱硬化性樹脂組成物之層(α)。
形成之層(α)之厚度通常設為導體層之厚度以上。由於電路基板所具有之導體層之厚度通常為5~70μm之範圍,故而樹脂組成物層之厚度較佳為具有10~100μm之厚度。
再者,上述層(α)亦可被下述之保護膜保護。藉由利用保護膜進行保護,可防止向樹脂組成物層表面之污物等之附著或傷痕。
關於上述支持膜及保護膜,可列舉:聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等聚烯烴、聚對酞酸乙二酯(以下有時簡稱為「PET」)、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯等聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚醯亞胺、以及脫模紙或銅箔、鋁箔等金屬箔等。再者,關於支持膜及保護膜,除了可施加消光處理(matte finishing)、電暈處理以外,亦可施加脫模處理。
關於支持膜之厚度,並無特別限定,通常為10~150μm,較佳於25~50μm之範圍內使用。又,保護膜之厚度較佳設為1~40μm。
上述支持膜係於對電路基板進行層壓後、或於藉由進行加熱硬化而形成絕緣層後被剝離。若於對接著膜進行加熱硬化後剝離支持膜,則可防止於硬化步驟中之污物等之附著。於在硬化後進行剝離之情形時,
通常對支持膜預先施加脫模處理。
其次,關於使用如上所述般獲得之接著膜製造多層印刷配線板之方法,例如,於層(α)被保護膜保護之情形時,於將該等剝離後,以層(α)直接與電路基板相接之方式,於電路基板之單面或兩面藉由例如真空層壓法進行層壓。層壓之方法可為批次式亦可為藉由輥之連續式。又,於進行層壓之前視需要亦可預先對接著膜及電路基板進行加熱(預熱)。
關於層壓之條件,較佳為,將壓接溫度(層壓溫度)較佳地設為70~140℃,將壓接壓力較佳地設為1~11kgf/cm2(9.8×104~107.9×104N/m2),且於氣壓20mmHg(26.7hPa)以下之減壓下進行層壓。
於將本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物用作導電膏之情形時,例如可列舉:使微細導電性粒子分散於該熱硬化性樹脂組成物中而製成各向異性導電膜用組成物之方法,及製成於室溫為液狀之電路連接用膏樹脂組成物或各向異性導電接著劑之方法。
又,本發明之熱硬化性樹脂組成物進一步亦可用作阻劑油墨(resist ink)。於該情形時,可列舉如下方法:於上述熱硬化性樹脂組成物中摻合具有乙烯性不飽和雙鍵之乙烯基系單體、及作為硬化劑之陽離子聚合觸媒,進一步添加顏料、滑石、及填料,而製成阻劑油墨用組成物後,利用網版印刷方式塗布於印刷基板上後,製成阻劑油墨硬化物。
作為獲得本發明之硬化物之方法,例如,對藉由上述方法而獲得之組成物於20~250℃左右之溫度範圍內進行加熱即可。
因此,根據本發明,可獲得即便不使用鹵素系難燃劑亦表現高度之難燃性之環境性優異之熱硬化性樹脂組成物。又,該等硬化物之優
異之介電特性可實現高頻裝置之高速運算速度化。又,本發明之活性酯樹脂可藉由本發明之製造方法而容易且高效率地進行製造,且能夠進行與目標之上述性能之等級對應之分子設計。
[實施例]
其次,藉由實施例、比較例具體地對本發明進行說明,於以下,「份」「%」只要未作特別說明則為質量基準。再者,軟化點測定、GPC測定、GC-TOF-MS圖譜、MALDI-TOF-MS圖譜係利用以下之條件進行測定。
1)軟化點測定法:依據JIS K7234。
2)GPC測定
裝置:藉由東曹股份有限公司製造之「HLC-8220 GPC」並於下述條件下進行測定。
.管柱:東曹股份有限公司製造之保護管柱「HXL-L」
+東曹股份有限公司製造之「TSK-GEL G2000HXL」
+東曹股份有限公司製造之「TSK-GEL G2000HXL」
+東曹股份有限公司製造之「TSK-GEL G3000HXL」
+東曹股份有限公司製造之「TSK-GEL G4000HXL」
.管柱溫度:40℃、
.溶劑:四氫呋喃
.流速:1ml/min
.檢測器:RI
3)GC-TOF-MS圖譜
裝置:日本電子股份有限公司製造JMS-T100GC、
離子化法:電解脫附離子化法
4)MALDI-TOF-MS圖譜
裝置:島津/KRSTOS公司製造AXIMA-TOF2、
離子化法:基質輔助雷射脫附離子化法
合成例1
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入2,7-二羥基萘320g(2.0莫耳)、苄醇184g(1.7莫耳)、對甲苯磺酸一水合物5.0g,於室溫下,一面吹入氮一面進行攪拌。其後,升溫至150℃,一面將生成之水蒸餾去除至系統外一面攪拌4小時。反應結束後,添加甲基異丁基酮900g、20%氫氧化鈉水溶液5.4g進行中和後,藉由分液去除水層,利用280g水進行水洗3次,並將甲基異丁基酮於減壓下去除而獲得460g苄基改質萘化合物(A-1)。所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-1)為黑色固體,羥基當量為180克/當量。
合成例2
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入2,7-二羥基萘160g(1.0莫耳)、苄醇108g(1.0莫耳)、對甲苯磺酸一水合物2.7g,於室溫下,一面吹入氮一面進行攪拌。其後,升溫至150℃,一面將生成之水蒸餾去除至系統外一面攪拌4小時。反應結束後,添加甲基異丁基酮500g、20%氫氧化鈉水溶液2.8g進行中和後,藉由分液去除水層,利用150g水進行水洗3次,並將甲基異丁基酮於減壓下去除而獲得250g苄基改質萘化合物(A-2)。所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-2)為黑色
固體,羥基當量為180克/當量。將所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-2)之GPC圖表示於圖1,並將GC-TOF-MS圖譜示於圖2。
根據GC-TOF-MS圖譜之結果亦確認:確認到於2,7-二羥基萘之分子量(Mw:160)附加有1個(M+=250)、2個(M+=340)、3個(M+=430)、4個(M+=520)苄基部分之分子量(Mw:90)的波峰,進一步確認到於2,7-二羥基萘進行2分子間脫水而生成之2,7-二羥基萘二聚物結構(Mw:302)附加有1個(M+=392)、2個(M+=482)、3個(M+=572)、4個(M+=662)、5個(M+=752)苄基部分之分子量(Mw:90)的波峰,進一步確認到於2,7-二羥基萘進行3分子間脫水而生成之2,7-二羥基萘三聚物結構(Mw:444)附加有1個(M+=534)、2個(M+=624)、3個(M+=714)、4個(M+=804)、5個(M+=894)苄基部分之分子量(Mw:90)的波峰。亦確認:進一步確認到於2,7-二羥基萘進行4分子間脫水而生成之2,7-二羥基萘四聚物結構(Mw:586)附加有1個(M+=676)、2個(M+=766)、3個(M+=856)、4個(M+=946)、5個(M+=1036)苄基部分之分子量(Mw:90)的波峰。
合成例3
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入2,7-二羥基萘160g(1.0莫耳)、苄醇216g(2.0莫耳)、對甲苯磺酸一水合物3.8g,於室溫下,一面吹入氮一面進行攪拌。其後,升溫至150℃,一面將生成之水蒸餾去除至系統外一面攪拌4小時。反應結束後,添加甲基異丁基酮680g、20%氫氧化鈉水溶液4.0g進行中和後,藉由分液去除水層,利用170g水進行水洗3次,並將甲基異丁基酮於減壓下去除而獲得330
g苄基改質萘化合物(A-3)。所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-3)為黑色固體,羥基當量為200克/當量。將所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-3)之GPC圖表示於圖3,並將GC-TOF-MS圖譜示於圖4。
根據GC-TOF-MS圖譜之結果亦確認:確認到於2,7-二羥基萘之分子量(Mw:160)附加有1個(M+=250)、2個(M+=340)、3個(M+=430)、4個(M+=520)、5個(M+=610)苄基部分之分子量(Mw:90)的波峰,進一步確認到於2,7-二羥基萘進行2分子間脫水而生成之2,7-二羥基萘二聚物結構(Mw:302)附加有1個(M+=392)、2個(M+=482)、3個(M+=572)、4個(M+=662)、5個(M+=752)、6個(M+=842)苄基部分之分子量(Mw:90)的波峰,進一步確認到於2,7-二羥基萘進行3分子間脫水而生成之2,7-二羥基萘三聚物結構(Mw:444)附加有1個(M+=534)、2個(M+=624)、3個(M+=714)、4個(M+=804)、5個(M+=894)苄基部分之分子量(Mw:90)的波峰。
合成例4
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入1,5-二羥基萘160g(1.0莫耳)、苄醇108g(1.0莫耳)、對甲苯磺酸一水合物2.7g,於室溫下,一面吹入氮一面進行攪拌。其後,升溫至150℃,一面將生成之水蒸餾去除至系統外一面攪拌4小時。反應結束後,添加甲基異丁基酮500g、20%氫氧化鈉水溶液2.8g進行中和後,藉由分液去除水層,利用150g水進行水洗3次,並將甲基異丁基酮於減壓下去除而獲得250g苄基改質萘化合物(A-4)。所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-4)為黑色固體,羥基當量為170克/當量。
合成例5
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入1,6-二羥基萘160g(1.0莫耳)、苄醇216g(2.0莫耳)、對甲苯磺酸一水合物3.8g,於室溫下,一面吹入氮一面進行攪拌。其後,升溫至150℃,一面將生成之水蒸餾去除至系統外一面攪拌4小時。反應結束後,添加甲基異丁基酮680g、20%氫氧化鈉水溶液4.0g進行中和後,藉由分液去除水層,利用170g水進行水洗3次,並將甲基異丁基酮於減壓下去除而獲得330g苄基改質萘化合物(A-5)。所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-5)為黑色固體,羥基當量為190克/當量。
實施例1
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入間苯二甲酸氯化物203.0g(酸氯化物基(acid chloride group)之莫耳數:2.0莫耳)及甲苯1400g,使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。繼而,裝入α-萘酚96.0g(0.67莫耳)、苄基改質萘化合物(A-1)240g(酚性羥基之莫耳數:1.33莫耳),使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。其後,使0.70g四丁基溴化銨溶解,一面施加氮氣沖洗,一面將系統內控制於60℃以下,用3小時滴加20%氫氧化鈉水溶液400g。繼而,於該條件下,繼續攪拌1.0小時。反應結束後,進行靜置分液,去除水層。進一步,向溶解有反應物之甲苯層投入水並攪拌混合15分鐘,進行靜置分液,去除水層。重複進行該操作直至水層之pH成為7為止。其後,藉由傾析脫水去除水分,而獲得處於非揮發分65質量%之甲苯溶液狀態之活性酯樹脂(B-1)。該非揮發分65質量%之甲苯溶液之溶液黏度為16000mPa.S(25℃)。又,乾燥
後之軟化點為156℃。
實施例2
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入間苯二甲酸氯化物203.0g(酸氯化物基之莫耳數:2.0莫耳)及甲苯1400g,使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。繼而,裝入α-萘酚96.0g(0.67莫耳)、苄基改質萘化合物(A-2)240g(酚性羥基之莫耳數:1.33莫耳),使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。其後,使0.70g四丁基溴化銨溶解,一面施加氮氣沖洗,一面將系統內控制於60℃以下,用3小時滴加20%氫氧化鈉水溶液400g。繼而,於該條件下繼續攪拌1.0小時。反應結束後,進行靜置分液,去除水層。進一步,向溶解有反應物之甲苯層投入水並攪拌混合15分鐘,進行靜置分液,去除水層。重複進行該操作直至水層之pH成為7為止。其後,藉由傾析脫水去除水分,而獲得處於非揮發分65質量%之甲苯溶液狀態之活性酯樹脂(B-2)。該非揮發分65質量%之甲苯溶液之溶液黏度為15000mPa.S(25℃)。又,乾燥後之軟化點為155℃。
將所獲得之活性酯樹脂(B-2)之GPC圖表示於圖5,將MALDI-TOF-MS圖譜示於圖6。
實施例3
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入間苯二甲酸氯化物203.0g(酸氯化物基之莫耳數:2.0莫耳)及甲苯1400g,使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。繼而,裝入α-萘酚96.0g(0.67莫耳)、苄基改質萘化合物(A-3)267g(酚性羥基之莫耳數:1.33莫耳),使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。其後,使0.74g四丁基溴化銨溶解,
一面施加氮氣沖洗,一面將系統內控制於60℃以下,用3小時滴加20%氫氧化鈉水溶液400g。繼而,於該條件下繼續攪拌1.0小時。反應結束後,進行靜置分液,去除水層。進一步,向溶解有反應物之甲苯層投入水並攪拌混合15分鐘,進行靜置分液,去除水層。重複進行該操作直至水層之pH成為7為止。其後,藉由傾析脫水去除水分,而獲得處於非揮發分65質量%之甲苯溶液狀態之活性酯樹脂(B-3)。該非揮發分65質量%之甲苯溶液之溶液黏度為4500mPa.S(25℃)。又,乾燥後之軟化點為148℃。
將所獲得之活性酯樹脂(B-3)之GPC圖表示於圖7,將MALDI-TOF-MS圖譜示於圖8。
實施例4
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入間苯二甲酸氯化物203.0g(酸氯化物基之莫耳數:2.0莫耳)及甲苯1400g,使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。繼而,裝入α-萘酚96.0g(0.67莫耳)、苄基改質萘化合物(A-4)227g(酚性羥基之莫耳數:1.33莫耳),使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。其後,使0.68g四丁基溴化銨溶解,一面施加氮氣沖洗,一面將系統內控制於60℃以下,用3小時滴加20%氫氧化鈉水溶液400g。繼而,於該條件下,繼續攪拌1.0小時。反應結束後,進行靜置分液,去除水層。進一步,向溶解有反應物之甲苯層投入水並攪拌混合15分鐘,進行靜置分液,去除水層。重複進行該操作直至水層之pH成為7為止。其後,藉由傾析脫水去除水分,而獲得處於非揮發分65質量%之甲苯溶液狀態之活性酯樹脂(B-4)。該非揮發分65質量%之甲苯溶液之溶液黏度為14000mPa.S(25℃)。又,乾燥後之軟化點為150℃。
實施例5
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入間苯二甲酸氯化物203.0g(酸氯化物基之莫耳數:2.0莫耳)及甲苯1400g,使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。繼而,裝入α-萘酚96.0g(0.67莫耳)、苄基改質萘化合物(A-5)246g(酚性羥基之莫耳數:1.33莫耳),使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。其後,使0.71g四丁基溴化銨溶解,一面施加氮氣沖洗,一面將系統內控制於60℃以下,用3小時滴加20%氫氧化鈉水溶液400g。繼而,於該條件下繼續攪拌1.0小時。反應結束後,進行靜置分液,去除水層。進一步,向溶解有反應物之甲苯層投入水並攪拌混合15分鐘,進行靜置分液,去除水層。重複進行該操作直至水層之pH成為7為止。其後,藉由傾析脫水去除水分,而獲得處於非揮發分65質量%之甲苯溶液狀態之活性酯樹脂(B-5)。該非揮發分65質量%之甲苯溶液之溶液黏度為4300mPa.S(25℃)。又,乾燥後之軟化點為145℃。
比較例1
於安裝有溫度計、滴液漏斗、冷卻管、分餾管、攪拌器之燒瓶中,裝入於合成例1中所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物(A-1)180g及甲基異丁基酮(以下,簡稱為「MIBK」)480g,使系統內進行減壓氮置換,使其等溶解。繼而,裝入間苯二甲酸氯化物20.3g(0.10莫耳)、苯甲酸氯化物112g(0.80莫耳),其後,一面施加氮氣沖洗,一面將系統內控制於60℃以下,用3小時滴加20%氫氧化鈉水溶液210g。繼而,於該條件下繼續攪拌1.0小時。反應結束後,進行靜置分液,去除水層。進一步,向溶解有反應物之MIBK層投入水並攪拌混合15分鐘,進行靜置分液,去除水層。重複進行該操作
直至水層之pH成為7為止。其後,藉由傾析脫水去除水分,而獲得處於非揮發分65質量%之MIBK溶液狀態之活性酯樹脂(B-6)。該非揮發分65質量%之MIBK溶液之溶液黏度為6000mPa.S(25℃)。又,乾燥後之軟化點為150℃。
比較例2
將苄基改質萘化合物(A-1)變更為苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂(DIC(股)製造之「Phenolite TD-2090」、羥基當量105g/eq、軟化點120℃)105g,除此以外,進行與比較例1相同(使用苯甲酸氯化物112g(0.80莫耳))之操作,獲得處於非揮發分65質量%之MIBK溶液狀態之活性酯樹脂(B-7)。該非揮發分65質量%之MIBK溶液之溶液黏度為9000mPa.S(25℃)。又,乾燥後之軟化點為170℃。
實施例6~10及比較例3~4(熱硬化性樹脂組成物之製備及物性評價)
按照下述表1記載之組成,摻合甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂(DIC(股)製造之「N-680」、環氧當量:214g/eq)作為環氧樹脂、及(B-1)~(B-7)作為硬化劑,進一步,添加二甲胺基吡啶0.5phr作為硬化促進劑,並以最終各組成物之非揮發分(N.V.)成為58質量%之方式摻合甲基乙基酮,而製備熱硬化性樹脂組成物。
繼而,於下述條件下使上述熱硬化性樹脂組成物硬化而製作積層板,並藉由下述方法評價耐熱性、介電特性及難燃性。將結果示於表1。
<積層板製作條件>
基材:日東紡織股份有限公司製造玻璃布「#2116」(210×280mm)
層數:6預浸體化條件:160℃
硬化條件:200℃、每40kg/cm2 1.5小時,成型後板厚:0.8mm
<耐熱性(玻璃轉移溫度)>
將厚度0.8mm之硬化物切割成寬度5mm、長度54mm之尺寸,並將其製成試片。對該試片,使用黏彈性測定裝置(DMA:Rheometric公司製造之固體黏彈性測定裝置「RSAII」,矩形張力法:頻率1Hz、升溫速度3℃/分),將彈性模數變化最大之(tan δ變化率最大)溫度設為玻璃轉移溫度而進行評價。
<介電常數及介電損耗正切之測定>
依據JIS-C-6481,藉由安捷倫科技(Agilent Technologies)股份有限公司製造之Impedance Material Analyzer「HP4291B」,測定絕對乾燥後於23℃、濕度50%之室內保管24小時後之試片於1GHz之介電常數及介電損耗正切。
<難燃性>
將厚度0.8mm之硬化物切割成寬度12.7mm、長度127mm,製成試片。使用該試片依據UL-94試驗法,使用5條試片,進行燃燒試驗。
<耐熱分解性>
使用示差熱-熱重量同步測定裝置(梅特勒托利多(METTLER TOLEDO)公司製造之「TGA/DSC1」),將切割成質量為6mg之大小之試片於150℃保持15分鐘後,於流通氮氣之條件下,以每分鐘5℃進行升溫,對質量減少5%時之溫度進行測定。
Claims (15)
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱硬化性樹脂組成物,其中,該活性酯樹脂的該式(I)中之m為1~5之整數,n分別獨立地為1~3之整數。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之熱硬化性樹脂組成物,其進一步含有硬化促進劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之活性酯樹脂,其中,該式(I)中之m為1~5之整數,n分別獨立地為1~3之整數。
- 一種硬化物,其係使申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之熱硬化性樹脂組成物硬化而獲得。
- 一種預浸體,其係藉由將使申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之熱硬化性樹脂組成物稀釋於有機溶劑而成者含浸於補強基材,並使所獲得之含浸基材半硬化而獲得。
- 一種電路基板,其係將使申請專利範圍第9項之預浸體成形為板狀而成者與銅箱積層,並進行加熱加壓成型而獲得。
- 一種增層(buildup)膜,其係藉由將使申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之熱硬化性樹脂組成物稀釋於有機溶劑而成者塗布於基材膜上,並使其乾燥而獲得。
- 一種增層基板,其係藉由如下方法而獲得,即:將申請專利範圍第11項之增層膜塗布於形成有電路之電路基板並使其加熱硬化,並於藉此獲得之電路基板形成凹凸,繼而,對該電路基板進行鍍敷處理。
- 一種半導體密封材料,其含有申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之熱硬化性樹脂組成物、及無機填充材。
- 一種半導體裝置,其係使申請專利範圍第13項之半導體密封材料加熱硬化而獲得。
- 一種活性酯樹脂,其係藉由經過如下步驟而獲得,即:使二羥基萘化合物與苄醇進行反應而獲得苄基改質萘化合物的步驟,及使所獲得之苄基改質萘化合物與芳香族二羧酸氯化物(aromatic dicarboxylic acid chloride)及一元酚系化合物進行反應的步驟。
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JP2018080264A (ja) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-24 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、プリプレグ、金属箔張積層板、樹脂シート、及びプリント配線板 |
KR102511759B1 (ko) * | 2017-03-31 | 2023-03-20 | 다이요 홀딩스 가부시키가이샤 | 경화성 수지 조성물, 드라이 필름, 경화물 및 전자 부품 |
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CN108976706B (zh) * | 2017-06-05 | 2021-06-04 | 广东生益科技股份有限公司 | 一种环氧树脂组合物以及使用它的预浸料和层压板 |
TWI820025B (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2023-11-01 | 日商迪愛生股份有限公司 | 硬化性組成物、硬化物、半導體密封材料及印刷配線基板 |
CN107629182B (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-10-01 | 济南大学 | 一种聚硅氧烷-苯并噁嗪基发光薄膜及其在uv-led灯上的应用 |
JP6958269B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-10 | 2021-11-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法 |
WO2019188330A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | Dic株式会社 | 硬化性組成物及びその硬化物 |
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US11891474B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2024-02-06 | Taiyo Holdings Co., Ltd. | Curable resin composition, dry film, resin-clad copper foil, cured product, and electronic component |
CN110016206B (zh) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-10-27 | 广东生益科技股份有限公司 | 一种树脂组合物、包含其的预浸料以及层压板和印制电路板 |
CN111849123B (zh) * | 2019-04-25 | 2022-12-09 | 常熟生益科技有限公司 | 一种环氧树脂组合物及其应用 |
CN111849122B (zh) * | 2019-04-25 | 2022-06-14 | 常熟生益科技有限公司 | 一种树脂组合物及其应用 |
WO2020262405A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-12-30 | 太陽インキ製造株式会社 | 積層体、硬化物および、電子部品 |
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