TWI678146B - Durian planting and management method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a durian planting and management method, which includes the following steps. Propagation of branches: Select a healthy branch on a mother plant and use a high-pressure method in combination with a soil biotin to propagate a high-pressure branch; Colonization: The mature high-pressure branch is planted in the soil, and an active organic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and applied. Soil biotin grows into a sapling; dwarfing of the branches: the sapling is planted for a predetermined time to produce a fruit tree, the fruit tree is given a sufficient amount of the active organic fertilizer and trimmed to dwarf the fruit tree; pollination.

Description

Durian cultivation and management method

The invention relates to a durian planting and management method.

Durian zibethinus is a tropical fruit with a special smell and rich nutrition. There are many types of durian tree in general. The process from seed cultivation, planting to flowering and fruiting usually takes eight to ten years. The application period is long. If it is not managed properly, it will not produce fruit even for more than ten years. The cost of planting is high. Therefore, most operators will use asexual reproduction methods such as high pressure or grafting to shorten the growth period. However, the success rate of the known asexual planting methods is low. In addition, the height of the durian tree is generally greater than five meters, which often causes inconvenience in management operations such as pruning, pollination and harvesting.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a novel and progressive durian planting and management method to solve the above problems.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a durian planting and management method, which can effectively shorten the planting cycle and achieve early results.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a durian planting and management method, which includes the following steps. Propagation of branches: Select a healthy branch on a mother plant and use a high-pressure method in combination with a soil biotin to propagate a high-pressure branch; Colonization: The mature high-pressure branch is planted in the soil, and an active organic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and applied. Soil biotin grows into a sapling; dwarfing of the branches: the sapling is planted for a predetermined time to produce a fruit tree, the fruit tree is given a sufficient amount of the active organic fertilizer and trimmed to dwarf the fruit tree; pollination.

The following only illustrates the possible implementation aspects of the present invention by way of examples, but is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to be protected, which will be described first.

Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, which show a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The durian planting and management method of the present invention includes the following steps.

Step of branch propagation S1: Select a healthy branch on a mother plant and use a high-pressure method in combination with a soil biotin to propagate a high-pressure branch. The healthy branch is a branch that has grown for more than one year, has a diameter of not less than 1.5 cm, and has at least five bud eyes, and the length of the healthy branch is preferably greater than one meter. In detail, the branch propagation step S1 includes steps S11 to S14: performing circular peeling on the healthy branch at least 10 cm away from the main branch bifurcation point of the mother plant, and completely scraping the formation to form a peeling Area; covering the peeling area with a moisturizing material containing the soil biotin; sealingly covering the peeling area with a sealing material; the second-generation root system 11 cultivated in the peeling area is the high pressure branch. The moisturizing material includes a substrate containing the soil biotin and a soil capable of covering the substrate, and the soil contains clay with a weight percentage of not less than 30% to maintain humidity. In this embodiment, the substrate is toilet paper, the amount of soil is about 400 grams, and the sealing material is a transparent plastic material, which effectively retains water and is easy to observe. However, the substrate can also be other absorbable materials, and the amount of soil can be adjusted according to requirements. The second generation root system 11 refers to a lateral root derived from the main root 1 of the fruit tree.

Planting step S2: the mature high-pressure branch is planted in the soil, and an active organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and the soil biotin is applied to cultivate a sapling. The planting step S2 includes steps S21 to S23: planting the high-pressure branch in a certain planting hole; applying 5 to 6 kg of the active organic fertilizer and applying a soil biotin diluted 50 times; planting at least The sapling can be grown in 2 months. Among them, the spacing of each of the planting holes is at least 5 meters, the diameter is between 60 and 80 cm, and the depth is not less than 40 cm. Each of the planting holes is preferably 80 cm in depth and 50 cm in depth so as to have an appropriate planting depth and increase the probability of breeding.

The durian planting and management method further includes a method for extracting soil biotin, including the following steps P1 to P4: collecting an uncontaminated soil containing live bacteria as a raw material; uniformly mixing the soil raw material with a nutrient solution to form A mixed raw material is cultured for a predetermined time to increase the number of live bacteria; the mixed raw material is sequentially subjected to low-temperature domestication not higher than 10 ° C, high-temperature domestication not lower than 50 ° C, and dissolved oxygen (Dissolved Oxygen, DO) not less than 6.0 mg / L of high dissolved oxygen domestication and DO of less than 0.8 mg / L domesticated low oxygen; domesticated mixed raw materials are dried and concentrated into a dry soil biotin. The active organic fertilizer is obtained by adding 0.5 to 1% of the soil biotin to an organic fertilizer and stacking the soil biotin for at least 2 weeks. The soil biotin and the active organic fertilizer are rich in nutrients such as biological enzymes, probiotics, organic acids, algae, photosynthetic bacteria, etc., and can provide nutrients required for the high-pressure branch to develop into the sapling, and improve the success of the high-pressure branch reproduction. The probability.

Step dwarfing step S3: the sapling is planted for a predetermined time to generate a fruit tree, the fruit tree is given a sufficient amount of the active organic fertilizer and trimmed to dwarf the fruit tree. In step S3 of dwarfing the branches, the amount of active organic fertilizer applied to each fruit tree is 3 to 4 kg per year to provide sufficient nutrients for the fruit tree to grow and mature. The dwarfing step S3 includes steps S31 to S33: during the first year of planting, the secondary side branches 22 of the fruit tree are cut to make the trunk 2 of the fruit tree grow upward; when the second year of planting, the top buds of the fruit tree are cut to restrict the The height of the trunk of the fruit tree is 2 meters. The distance between the primary side branches 21 of the fruit tree is maintained at 30 to 40 cm. The secondary side branches 22 of the fruit tree are maintained at a distance of 10 to 20 cm. The distance between the bottom side branch and the ground is at least 60 cm. The top leaves of the fruit tree maintain sunlight and ventilation, and prevent the bud points of each of the first-level side branches 21 from breaking, increasing the number of flowers. After the third year of planting, the overall tree shape should be maintained and the diameter of the trunk 2 should be thickened to maintain the healthy growth of the fruit tree.

Pollination step S4. Since most durian tree species bloom at night, nocturnal insects can be cultivated to increase the chance of cross-pollination, and artificial pollination can also be adopted to increase the rate of fruit hanging. By planting durian in each of the foregoing steps, flowering and fruiting can be achieved in the third year of the fruit tree planting, which effectively shortens the planting cycle and results in early results, reducing planting costs.

1‧‧‧ main root

11‧‧‧ second generation root system

2‧‧‧ trunk

21‧‧‧first-level side branches

22‧‧‧secondary side branch

S1 ~ S4, S11 ~ S14, S21 ~ S23, S31 ~ S33, P1 ~ P4‧‧‧ steps

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a durian tree according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a flow chart of soil biotin extraction according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (9)

A durian planting and management method includes the following steps: branch propagation: selecting a healthy branch on a mother plant and using a high-pressure method in combination with a soil biotin to reproduce a high-pressure branch; colonization: the mature high-pressure branch is planted in the soil An active organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and the soil biotin is applied to cultivate a sapling; the dwarfing of the branches: the sapling is planted for a predetermined time to generate a fruit tree, the fruit tree is applied with a sufficient amount of the active organic fertilizer and trimmed to short Pollinating the fruit tree; pollinating; in the step of propagating the branches, peeling in a circle on the healthy branches to form a peeling area, and covering the peeling area with a moisturizing material, the moisturizing material including a soil containing the soil The biotin substrate and the soil that can cover the substrate, the soil contains clay with a weight percentage of not less than 30%. The durian planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein the healthy branch is a branch that grows for more than one year, has a diameter of not less than 1.5 cm, and has at least five bud eyes. The durian planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein the active organic fertilizer is obtained by adding 0.5 to 1% by weight of the soil biotin to an organic fertilizer and stacking the soil biotin for at least 2 weeks. The durian planting and management method according to claim 1, further comprising a method for extracting the soil biotin, including the following steps: collecting an uncontaminated soil containing live bacteria as a raw material; combining the soil raw material with a The nutrient solution is evenly mixed to form a mixed raw material, which is cultured for a predetermined time to increase the number of live bacteria; the mixed raw material is sequentially subjected to low-temperature domestication not higher than 10 ° C, high-temperature domestication not lower than 50 ° C, and dissolved oxygen (DO) ) Highly dissolved oxygen domestication of not less than 6.0 mg / L and low dissolved oxygen domestication of DO less than 0.8 mg / L; dry and condense the mixed raw materials into a soil biotin dry material. The durian planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein the branch propagation step includes: peeling in a circle on the healthy branch at least 10 cm away from the trunk bifurcation point of the mother plant, and forming a quality Completely scrape to form the peeling area; cover the peeling area with the moisturizing material containing the soil biotin; seal and cover the peeling area with a sealing material; cultivate to the second generation root system of the peeling area Mature is the high-pressure branch. The durian planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein the planting step includes: planting the high-pressure branch in a certain planting hole; applying 5 to 6 kg of the active organic fertilizer to the planting hole, and applying a dilution 50 times the soil biotin; the sapling can be cultivated after being planted for at least 2 months. The durian planting and management method according to claim 6, wherein the spacing of the planting holes is at least 5 meters, the diameter is between 60 and 80 cm, and the depth is not less than 40 cm. The durian planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of dwarfing the branches, the amount of the active organic fertilizer applied to each fruit tree is 3 to 4 kg per year. The durian planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein the step of dwarfing the branches includes: cutting the secondary side branches of the fruit tree in the first year of planting; cutting the top buds of the fruit tree in the second year of planting to restrict the The height of the trunk of the fruit tree. The distance between the primary branches of the fruit tree should be 30 to 40 cm. The secondary branches of the fruit tree should be 10 to 20 cm apart. The distance between the bottom branch and the ground should be at least 60 cm. Leaves to maintain sunlight and ventilation, and to prevent the bud points of each side branch from breaking.