TWI676840B - 彎曲的自動暗化濾光片 - Google Patents

彎曲的自動暗化濾光片 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI676840B
TWI676840B TW106126695A TW106126695A TWI676840B TW I676840 B TWI676840 B TW I676840B TW 106126695 A TW106126695 A TW 106126695A TW 106126695 A TW106126695 A TW 106126695A TW I676840 B TWI676840 B TW I676840B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
flexible glass
glass layer
optically transparent
transparent flexible
liquid crystal
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Application number
TW106126695A
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English (en)
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TW201736918A (zh
Inventor
瑪莉亞 瑪格努森克利絲提娜
Kristina Maria Magnusson
傑夫瑞 畢林斯利布利頓
Britton Geoffrey Billingsley
賈瑞弗斯肯尼斯
Kenneth Jarefors
初瑞芙斯卡加拉瑞莎
Larissa Zuravskaja
琳 曼斯克喬依
Joy Lynn Manske
Original Assignee
美商3M新設資產公司
3M Innovative Properties Company
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Application filed by 美商3M新設資產公司, 3M Innovative Properties Company filed Critical 美商3M新設資產公司
Publication of TW201736918A publication Critical patent/TW201736918A/zh
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Publication of TWI676840B publication Critical patent/TWI676840B/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A41D13/1184—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres with protection for the eyes, e.g. using shield or visor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/32—Accessories
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    • B23K9/322—Head protecting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/02—Goggles
    • A61F9/022—Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs
    • A61F9/023—Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs with variable transmission, e.g. photochromic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
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    • A61F9/065—Masks, shields or hoods for welders use of particular optical filters
    • A61F9/067—Masks, shields or hoods for welders use of particular optical filters with variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/81471—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a wrap-around tape or band
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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Abstract

本發明提供一種自動暗化濾光片10、10'，其包含一第一偏光器14、一第二偏光器18、一第一液晶單元16及一感測器64。該第一偏光器14具有一第一偏光方向，且該第二偏光器18具有一第二偏光方向。該液晶單元16安置於該第一偏光器14與該第二偏光器18之間且含有第一及第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層40及42，其中液晶層48位於此等層之間。該感測器64偵測入射光且造成發送一信號，該信號造成該液晶層內之分子旋轉。本發明之自動暗化濾光片係有益的，此係因為可減小總產品重量且可增加視場。

Description

彎曲的自動暗化濾光片
本發明係關於一種回應於入射光而自明亮透射狀態改變至黑暗透射狀態之彎曲的濾光片。該彎曲的可切換濾光片具有安置於薄的可撓性玻璃基板之間的至少一液晶層。
自動暗化濾光片通常具有回應於入射光而自動地自明亮透射狀態改變至黑暗透射狀態之可切換濾光片。該切換大體上係經由使用位於個人防護設備上或作為個人防護設備之部分的光電偵測器來達成。光電偵測器辨識待進行濾光之入射光的存在，且電子模組產生一控制電壓，該控制電壓在經施加至可切換濾光片時造成該濾光片自明亮透射狀態改變至黑暗透射狀態。 已設計出含有位於偏光膜之間的液晶單元之自動濾光片。Hörnell之美國專利第4,240,709號描述了一種可切換濾光片，其具有包夾於一對相互交叉之偏光器之間的單扭轉向列型液晶單元。該等液晶單元大體上為包括透明電極及對準層之平坦的光學上透明玻璃基板。當在電子模組之控制下將電壓施加於液晶單元上時，液晶分子使其自身定向於一特定方向上。許多市售產品使用此種可切換濾光片。 在防護屏蔽罩中使用自動暗化濾光片給予顯著人體工程學益處。先前焊工(例如)在擊打焊弧時必須將其焊接屏蔽罩「低垂」下來以確保使其眼睛免於焊炬光。自動焊接濾光片消除了此動作，此係由於焊接屏蔽罩可連續地置放於向下位置中。因此，焊接型樣品質已大體得以改良，此係因為可達成更準確之電極置放。生產率改良亦為顯著的，此係由於已相應地減少了研磨及返工。 然而，現有平板玻璃自動暗化濾光片可對最終產品(諸如，焊接屏蔽罩)添加相當大之重量，該最終產品又可在使用者頸部及肩部中產生應力及張力。典型玻璃夾層構造之矩形組態亦傾向於限制佩戴者之視場。已知之焊接濾光片由於在雕合與斷裂硬質玻璃基板中之困難而大體限於矩形構造。術語表 下文所闡述之術語將具有如下所定義之意義： 「自動暗化濾光片」意謂回應於來自光自身之輸入且在無來自人之輸入的情況下使光衰減的器件； 「帶通濾光片」意謂允許某一頻率範圍之光通過但抑制其他頻率之光通過的器件； 「彎曲」意謂在於截面中檢視時不遵循直線； 關於玻璃層之「變形」意謂能夠在距固定點50毫米(mm)之懸臂距離內彎曲達5 mm而無破裂； 「電場」意謂環繞電荷之區，該區可產生可經施加於帶電粒子或分子上之力； 「可撓性」意謂能夠耐受變成彎曲形狀而不斷裂之變形； 「玻璃」意謂能夠透射可見光之無機非晶形非晶體固體材料； 「玻璃層」或「玻璃薄片」意謂寬度及長度尺寸實質上大於厚度尺寸之玻璃； 「並置」意謂並排置放但未必彼此接觸； 「液晶層」意謂具有呈液相之分子的層，該等分子相對於彼此而具有某一定向次序且具有回應於電場而對準之能力； 「低扭轉」意謂具有小於90之扭轉角； 「向列分子」意謂回應於電場而展現平行軸之分子； 「光學上透明」意謂可見光可充分通過從而在結構之對置側上看見所要影像； 「正交」意謂與之成直角； 「偏光」意謂造成光以一明確型樣振動； 「偏光器」意謂具有使可見光偏光之能力； 「偏光方向」意謂由光之偏光產生的定向； 「旋轉」意謂改變定向； 「感測器」意謂可偵測已界定之光源的存在且可將信號發送至另一器件的器件； 「信號」意謂諸如電壓之電量；且 「扭轉角」意謂兩個表面之間的定向之角差。
本發明提供一種可切換濾光片，其包含一第一偏光器、一第二偏光器及一第一液晶單元。該第一偏光器具有一第一偏光方向，且該第二偏光器具有一第二偏光方向。該第二偏光方向可與該第一偏光方向相同或不同。該液晶單元安置於該第一偏光器與該第二偏光器之間。該液晶單元含有第一及第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層且具有一液晶層，該液晶層位於該第一彎曲的光學上透明可撓性玻璃層與該第二彎曲的光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之間。 本發明之可切換濾光片係有益的，此係因為相對於已知之市售產品而言可減小總產品重量。重量之減小係藉由該等可撓性玻璃層之低重量來達成。此等可撓性層傾向於比用於先前習知產品中之平板玻璃基板薄。另外，可將本發明之可切換濾光片製作成具有非矩形形狀，從而改良使用者之視場。使用者可在水平維度與垂直維度兩者中具備擴大之周邊視野。亦可以各種形狀來組態可切換濾光片(例如)以遵循佩戴者之面部輪廓及適應護目鏡或眼鏡。
在本發明之實踐中，可撓性玻璃層界定一封閉區域，在該封閉區域中，液晶分子在電場之影響下自由旋轉從而產生濾光效應。在可切換濾光片之製造中使用可撓性玻璃層使得能夠以彎曲形式將可切換濾光片之組件層壓在一起。此總成使得能夠針對相同(或甚至較少)之重量而達成較大之檢視面積。 圖1展示彎曲的可切換濾光片10，其中濾光片10之最外組件為帶通濾光片12，帶通濾光片12用以使來自高強度入射光之紅外線(IR)波長分量及紫外線(UV)波長分量衰減。帶通濾光片12可為使IR輻射反射且吸收入射光之UV-A、UV-B及UV-C分量的干擾濾光片。帶通濾光片12亦可為單獨IR及UV反射及/或吸收濾光片之組合。彎曲的可切換濾光片10亦包括第一偏光濾光片14、第一光學上旋轉液晶單元16及第二偏光濾光片18。偏光濾光片14及18具有實質上正交之偏光方向，其中第一偏光濾光片14之偏光方向與第二偏光濾光片18之偏光方向成大約90°但處於平行位置中。第一光學上旋轉液晶單元16可為位於第一及第二正交相關之偏光濾光片14與18之間的扭轉向列型液晶單元。第二液晶單元20與此等組件平行對準，該第二液晶單元安置於一對偏光濾光片18與22之間。偏光濾光片18及22各自具有實質上平行之偏光方向。該等平行之偏光方向使得單元能夠：在未施加電壓時，單元為黑暗的且在存在電壓時，單元為明亮的。預設黑暗狀態提供向使用者通知產品經「切斷」之安全功能。液晶單元16及20中之每一者分別具備連接器24及26，可藉由該等連接器將控制電壓施加至此等單元。將電壓施加至連接器24之操作在液晶單元16之可撓性玻璃層之間產生電場。向列型液晶分子與電場對準，垂直於封閉該單元之主側的界定表面。受激發單元中之此垂直對準(而非平行對準)達成一暗化狀態。因此，當將控制電壓施加至液晶單元16時，達成濾光效應。該液晶單元控制光之偏光，且光變成由偏光器吸收。可藉由使控制電壓變化來控制向列型分子之旋轉程度，且因此亦可控制對應濾光效應。結果為：液晶單元16在缺乏施加電壓之情況下處於明亮透射狀態且在存在施加電壓之情況下處於黑暗透射狀態。電壓位準可針對變化之單元設計取決於所使用之液晶材料、單元間隙幾何形狀等而不同。在使用中，明亮透射狀態對應於焊接遮光度2至4中之任一者，且黑暗透射狀態(其為使用者可選擇的)對應於焊接遮光度7至14中之任一者。焊接遮光度已在護眼標準ANSI 287.1:2010及169:2001(亦參見EN 379:2003)中予以定義。 圖2展示彎曲的自動暗化濾光片10'之分解圖，該濾光片包含液晶單元16、20、28。第一液晶單元16安置於第一偏光濾光片14與第二偏光濾光片18之間，第二液晶單元20安置於第二偏光濾光片18與第三偏光濾光片22之間，且第三液晶單元28安置於偏光濾光片30與14之間。兩個液晶單元16及28可為實質上相同的，但其大體上相對於彼此旋轉約180°，以針對不同檢視角度給出較少光學變化。將電壓施加至連接器24及32之操作在透明導電電極之間產生電場。向列型液晶分子與電場對準，垂直於封閉該等分子之表面以使得該等單元限制光透射。液晶單元16及28之對準方向實質上經配置成平行於彼此且相對於彼此以非對稱之方式定向。將兩個實質上相同之液晶單元定位在一起使得面對面之分子對準方向為實質上垂直的之優勢補償了濾光效應之角相依性。可使用偏移偏光器(其為偏移達約1度至20度之偏光器)來達成在黑暗狀態下之遮光度變化(改良之均質性)—參見Magnusson等人之美國專利7,884,888。偏移偏光器可消除由單元間隙幾何形狀之變化造成的檢視區域之不均勻遮光度、構造之黏著層中的非吾人所樂見之雙折射及不同檢視角。 圖3展示諸如第一單元16、第二單元20及第三單元28之液晶單元34。該層狀構造含有兩個光學上透明可撓性玻璃層40及42。可使用多種此等玻璃層來實施本發明。該等層中之每一者的厚度可為約10微米(µm)至200 µm，更通常為約30 µm至150 µm，且更通常為約75 µm至125 µm。可以薄片或輥形式來供應可撓性玻璃層40及42。彎曲層40、42通常具有小於無限曲率之半徑，且通常為約5公分至30公分(cm)，更通常為約7 cm至20 cm。曲率亦可展現非常數半徑，例如，其可為抛物線、垂曲線、外擺線及自由形狀。透明導電電極層44及46(例如，氧化銦錫層)分別位於光學清透玻璃層40及42之面向內之表面上。藉由將電壓施加至電極44及46，在液晶層48上產生電場，從而使液晶分子之定向移位。對準層50及52分別抵靠電極44及46並置，例如，在特定對準方向上用機械方式(諸如，藉由刷光或擦拭)處置之聚醯亞胺層。在單元內部使用大小相等之隔片54隔開對準層50及52。可使用邊緣黏著劑56(諸如，可購自NJ Cranbury之Norland Products的Norland 68)來密封單元邊緣。在將單元完全密封之前，將向列型分子58抽汲至層50與52之間的間隙48中。對準層50及52迫使液晶向列型分子58在表面處呈現特定角位置，以使得分子在此等表面之間扭轉其各彆扭轉角。向列型液晶58之旋轉條件准許或阻擋透過單元之光透射。所使用之液晶可為包夾於兩個光學清透可撓性玻璃層40與42之間且具有約08至14之Δn (一般光線之折射率與異常光線之折射率之間的差)的向列型。層50與52之間的間隙通常為約3 µm至5 µm。本發明中所使用之光學上透明可撓性玻璃層40及42大體上具有實質上均勻之光學透射，其在380奈米(nm)至750 nm之波長範圍中通常大於80%。玻璃層可藉由溢流下拉法而形成以具有如上文所指示之厚度。玻璃層之組合物可為矽酸鹽玻璃及其類似者(諸如，二氧化矽玻璃及硼矽酸鹽玻璃)之各種玻璃組合物。非鹼玻璃可包括實質上不含有鹼性組份之玻璃，具體言之，含有1000百萬分率(ppm)或小於1000百萬分率(較佳地，500 ppm或小於500 ppm，且更佳地，300 ppm或小於300 ppm)之鹼金屬氧化物的玻璃。玻璃層可具有抵靠其並置之防護薄片。當纏繞玻璃層時，防護薄片防止出現裂紋，而裂紋係由玻璃層之一部分與另一部分接觸而造成。防護薄片吸收施加至玻璃輥之外部壓力。防護薄片之厚度可為10 μm至2000 μm。防護薄片可為離聚物膜、聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚氯乙稀膜、聚(二)氯亞乙烯膜、聚乙烯醇膜、聚酯膜、聚碳酸酯膜、聚苯乙烯膜、聚丙烯腈膜、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物膜、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物膜、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物膜、耐綸膜(聚醯胺膜)、聚醯亞胺膜、塞璐芬(cellophane)或由樹脂製成之其他緩衝材料。可藉由將用於賦予電導率之組份(諸如，聚乙二醇)添加至防護薄片中來賦予防護薄片電導率。在防護薄片由插入紙製成之狀況下，有可能藉由添加導電纖維來賦予電導率。另外，有可能亦藉由將導電層(諸如，氧化銦錫(ITO)膜)層壓於防護薄片之表面上來賦予電導率。參見Tomamoto等人之美國專利US 8,241,751；亦參見Mueller等人之美國專利7,735,338及美國專利申請公開案2011/0059296。市售之可撓性玻璃之實例為Schott D263T玻璃。 液晶單元16、20及28可為扭轉向列型液晶單元型單元，其在電子模組發生故障之狀況下提供「故障防護」中間透射狀態。具有低扭轉液晶單元之自動暗化濾光片描述於Palmer等人之美國專利6,097,451中；亦參見Hörnell等人之美國專利5,825,441。扭轉向列型液晶單元可具有小於100度、通常為零度或1度至99度之扭轉角。液晶單元亦可具有1度至85度之低扭轉角。更具體言之，低扭轉液晶單元之扭轉角可為約30度至70度。「故障防護」液晶單元之設計在許多方面類似於低扭轉液晶單元，但其操作係不同的，此係因為該液晶單元包夾於平行偏光器(與交叉或正交偏光器形成對比)之間。當未將電壓施加至連接器26時，液晶單元20處於黑暗透射狀態(大部分入射光被阻擋之幾乎光學上不透明狀態)。當施加某一電壓時，液晶單元20可變成光學上透明。 圖4為自動暗化濾光片(ADF) 60之方塊圖。自動暗化濾光片60包括彎曲的可切換濾光片10(或10')，該濾光片具有上文關於圖1及圖2所描述之類型的偏移偏光器。可切換濾光片10安裝於防護頭盔62中，該防護頭盔將由使用者在焊接程序或需要由可切換濾光片10提供之類型之保護的其他情形期間佩戴。ADF 60亦包括感測器64，感測器64用於偵測入射於濾光片10之前表面上的光(諸如，焊弧)。該感測器偵測入射光且造成發送一信號，該信號造成液晶層內之分子旋轉。感測器64可具備一偏光部件，其阻止非法線光啟動感測器。此器件防止來自其他焊接焊炬及感測器之光到達該感測器—參見Migashita等人之美國專利6,934,967。控制電路66自感測器64接收關於入射光之存在或缺乏的信號且造成將對應控制電壓施加至濾光片10，因此控制由濾光片10提供之遮光度。當感測器64偵測到焊弧或其他入射光源之存在時，例如，控制電路66可造成將控制電壓施加至液晶單元16及20(圖1及圖2)，同時消除至客體-主體單元28(圖2)之電壓。此情形造成濾光片60暗化且保護使用者使其免於入射光之眩光。在缺乏焊弧或其他入射光源之情況下，控制電路66可減小或消除至液晶單元16及20之施加電壓，因此造成濾光片變成對光更開放。此透光率增加使得焊工(例如)能夠執行焊接操作且亦能夠在不移除防護面具或面罩之情況下在焊接區域外部執行任務。另外，本文中所描述之濾光片構造在黑暗狀態下產生增加之均質性，如使用者在大的角範圍內所見。可切換濾光片10、感測器64及控制電路66通常作為一單元支撐於防護頭盔上，該單元通常為在使用者佩戴面罩時安裝於佩戴者眼睛之正前方之殼體中的可更換單元。該單元可呈支撐濾光片、感測器及電路之矩形(或其他形狀)框架或外殼之形式。面罩殼體之實例可見於(例如)美國專利6,185,739、5,533,206、5,191,468、5,140,707、4,875,235及4,853,973中。焊接面罩亦可具有供應至其內部之潔淨空氣且因此可包括用以使呼吸區與環境空氣分離的面部密封件。此面部密封件之實例展示於Curran等人之美國專利第7,197,774號中；亦參見美國設計專利D517,744、D517,745、D518,923、D523,728及D532,163；及美國專利公開案第2006-0101552號及第2006-0107431號。 圖5為焊接面罩68之透視圖，該焊接面罩具有面罩主體70，該面罩主體含有安裝於面罩主體70中之開口內的自動暗化濾光片裝置60。面罩主體70可包括冠狀部件，該冠狀部件在佩戴者戴上器件68時咬合佩戴者之頭部。合適之冠狀部件之實例描述於Lilenthal等人之美國專利第7,865,968號中；亦參見Ahlgren等人之美國專利申請案2010/229286 A1。自動暗化濾光片裝置60包括彎曲的自動暗化濾光片10，該濾光片置放於適當位置中以截獲電磁輻射(例如，可見光、UV光、IR等)。自動暗化濾光片60可定位於屏蔽罩主體70中，以使得當使用者佩戴屏蔽罩時，該自動暗化濾光片位於佩戴者眼睛之正前方。自動暗化濾光片60可包括電子控制單元66(圖5)，其用於接收及控制分別經由連接器24、26及32(圖2)至彎曲的自動焊接濾光片10(且更特定言之，液晶單元16、20及28)之各種信號—參見(例如)美國專利申請案第US2010265421號(Sundell)。該電子控制單元亦可包括能夠自高強度光之存在來偵測至少一輸入的輸入偵測器。該偵測器可實體地位於接近自動暗化濾光片裝置60之其他組件(硬體等)中之一些或全部處或可實體地位於遠離此等組件中之一些或全部處。可使用各種光電偵測器器件及技術來實施該偵測器。或者，可回應於由(例如)焊接工具或焊炬產生之啟動信號而自電子控制單元產生指示高強度光之存在的輸入—參見Garbergs等人之WO2007/047264。 圖6為本發明之一實施例，其中本發明之彎曲的可切換濾光片10安裝於合適的面部覆蓋裝置72中。可將可切換濾光片10安裝至該面部覆蓋裝置，以使得其可圍繞樞轉點73旋轉。或者，可將彎曲的自動焊接濾光片10安裝於一自動暗化濾光片裝置中，該自動暗化濾光片裝置安置於如圖7中所描繪之一組護目鏡76中。 本發明之可切換濾光片可關於一個軸、兩個軸或三個軸為彎曲的。通常，焊接面罩(圖5)中所使用之可切換濾光片將關於一個軸或兩個軸為彎曲的。可撓性玻璃層之實體性質允許製造具有約5 cm至20 cm之曲率半徑及約10平方公分至600平方公分(cm2 )(更通常為30 cm2 至250 cm2 )之檢視面積的彎曲的可切換濾光片。習知焊接濾光片通常具有約50 cm2 至100 cm2 之檢視面積。本發明可使得能夠提供具有至少100 cm2 至125 cm2 之檢視面積的可切換濾光片。 可結合工業操作來使用本發明之自動暗化濾光片裝置，該等工業操作例如焊接(例如，電弧焊接、焊炬焊接、乙炔焊接)、切割(例如，雷射切割、乙炔切割)、銅焊、熔焊及其類似者。亦可結合涉及高強度光之醫療程序(例如，雷射外科手術、脫毛、除刺青、牙用樹脂之光固化等)以及其他用途來使用本發明之自動暗化濾光片裝置。可將一或多個自動暗化濾光片裝置提供於任何其他合適之設備或物件中且用於其他應用。舉例而言，可將自動暗化濾光片裝置作為防護眼鏡之部分來供應而非作為全面部覆蓋面罩來供應。或者，可將自動暗化濾光片裝置提供於手持型器件中或提供於允許檢測可能存在高強度光之房間、封閉區、機器空間等的窗或孔隙中。實例 液晶單元總成 按以下方式來製造用於自動焊接濾光片之彎曲的液晶單元。 起初的可撓性玻璃層為來自GmbH之Schott Glass of Schott Glas Export(位於德國55120 Mainz之Rheinallee 145)的厚度為0.1 mm之D263T玻璃。對玻璃濺鍍沈積氧化銦錫(ITO)。所塗佈之ITO之電導率約略為100歐姆/平方。用聚醯亞胺聚合物之薄層來塗佈ITO玻璃。使用旋塗技術將市售聚醯亞胺對準材料塗佈至玻璃上。經乾燥之塗層之厚度係在80奈米(nm)與200 nm之間。藉由使用旋轉毛氈布將薄聚醯亞胺層刷光來對準該薄聚醯亞胺層。將此經刷光之聚醯亞胺、ITO/玻璃片切割成若干片以用於液晶單元之頂部部分及底部部分。將第一片(頂部)玻璃自第二片(底部)玻璃之定向旋轉90°以提供恰當之對準。 藉由將具有大約90毫米(mm)之半徑的金屬圓柱體用作模板來形成彎曲的液晶單元。使用3M Magic Tape™將具有經擦拭之聚醯亞胺塗層的單元、ITO玻璃之底部部分膠黏至金屬圓柱體。使用注射器及針將邊緣黏著劑(UV固化型Norland 68光學黏著劑)塗覆至底部部分。將扭轉向列型液晶混合物與1重量%之4微米(µm)陶瓷隔片珠粒組合。使用吸管將將液晶/隔片珠粒混合物置放於單元之底部部分上。使用3M Removable Tape™在前邊緣處將單元之頂部部分附著至底部部分。使用聚酯膜(其在一端上附著至金屬圓柱體)將單元之頂部部分纏繞及彎曲至底部部分上。使用橡膠輥將頂部部分壓縮至底部部分上。在聚酯膜上維持張力以保持單元之組件緊密接觸。使用UV光源歷時5分鐘，接著使UV固化型邊緣黏著劑固化。接著藉由移除聚酯膜及若干帶片將完成之單元自圓柱體移除。使用壓敏性黏著劑將偏光膜附著至底部部分及頂部部分。使該等偏光膜正交於彼此且對應於經擦拭至聚醯亞胺層中之對準層。用導電黏著劑將銅帶附著至頂部部分上之ITO，且用導電膠帶將另一片銅帶附著至底部部分上之ITO。經由銅帶將10伏特電位置於單元上。當施加電壓時，單元自明亮狀態切換至黑暗狀態。完成之單元的尺寸為：大約75 mm之寬度及75 mm之長度(5625 mm2 ；56.25 cm2 )，且曲率稍小於原始圓柱體之100 mm半徑。 在不脫離本發明之精神及範疇的情況下，本發明可具有各種修改及變更。因此，本發明並不限於上文所述之內容，而藉由以下申請專利範圍及其任何等效物中所闡述之限制來控制。 本發明亦可在缺乏本文中未特別揭示之任何元件的情況下適當地加以實踐。 以上所引用之所有專利及專利申請案(包括[先前技術]章節中之彼等專利及專利申請案)以整體引用之方式併入此文件中。就此等所併入之文件中之揭示內容與以上說明書之間存在衝突或差異而言，以上說明書將具控制權。
10‧‧‧彎曲的可切換濾光片
10'‧‧‧彎曲的自動暗化濾光片
12‧‧‧帶通濾光片
14‧‧‧第一偏光濾光片
16‧‧‧第一液晶單元
18‧‧‧第二偏光濾光片
20‧‧‧第二液晶單元
22‧‧‧第三偏光濾光片
24‧‧‧連接器
26‧‧‧連接器
28‧‧‧第三液晶單元
30‧‧‧偏光濾光片
32‧‧‧連接器
34‧‧‧液晶單元
40‧‧‧光學上透明可撓性玻璃層
42‧‧‧光學上透明可撓性玻璃層
44‧‧‧透明導電電極層
46‧‧‧透明導電電極層
48‧‧‧液晶層
50‧‧‧對準層
52‧‧‧對準層
54‧‧‧隔片
56‧‧‧邊緣黏著劑
58‧‧‧向列型分子
60‧‧‧自動暗化濾光片(ADF)
62‧‧‧防護頭盔
64‧‧‧感測器
66‧‧‧控制電路
68‧‧‧焊接面罩
70‧‧‧面罩主體
72‧‧‧面部覆蓋裝置
73‧‧‧樞轉點
76‧‧‧護目鏡
圖1為根據本發明之彎曲的可切換濾光片10的分解圖； 圖2展示根據本發明之彎曲的可切換濾光片10'的分解圖； 圖3為根據本發明之彎曲的液晶單元34的示意性截面，該彎曲的液晶單元可用於可切換濾光片中； 圖4為根據本發明之可切換濾光片10(或10')的方塊圖，該可切換濾光片安置於自動濾光片暗化裝置60中； 圖5為根據本發明之焊接面罩68的透視圖； 圖6為根據本發明之防護屏蔽罩72的透視圖；及 圖7展示根據本發明之防護目鏡76的透視圖。

Claims (18)

  1. 一種製造一彎曲可切換濾光片之方法，該方法包括形成一液晶單元，其中形成該液晶單元包括：在一第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層上形成一第一透明導電電極層；彎曲該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層，使得該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層係彎曲的；在該經彎曲之第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之該透明導電電極層上設置一液晶混合物；在一第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層上形成一第二透明導電電極層；及將該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層附接到該經彎曲之第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層，使得該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層係彎曲的，其中該第一透明導電電極層、該第二透明導電電極層及該液晶混合物設置在該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層和該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之間；其中該方法進一步包括：將該液晶單元設置在一第一偏光器和一第二偏光器之間，其中該第一偏光器包括一第一偏光方向且該第二偏光器包括一第二偏光方向。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括：在該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之該透明導電電極層上設置該液晶混合物之前，在該第一透明導電電極層上設置一聚醯亞胺材料。
  3. 如請求項2之方法，其進一步包括：將該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層附接到該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之前，在該第二透明導電電極層上設置一聚醯亞胺材料。
  4. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括：將該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層附接到該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之前，在該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層上設置一邊緣黏著劑。
  5. 如請求項4之方法，其進一步包括：將該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層附接到該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之後，固化該邊緣黏著劑。
  6. 如請求項1之方法，其中將該液晶單元設置在一第一偏光器和一第二偏光器之間包含：將該第一偏光器附接到該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層且將該第二偏光器附接到該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層。
  7. 如請求項1之方法，其中該液晶混合物包括液晶分子和隔片珠粒。
  8. 如請求項1之方法，其中該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層及該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之每一者包含10至200微米之一厚度。
  9. 如請求項8之方法，其中該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層及該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之每一者包含30至150微米之一厚度。
  10. 如請求項9之方法，其中該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層及該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之每一者包含75至125微米之一厚度。
  11. 如請求項1之方法，其中該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層及該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之每一者包含呈現一半徑為5至30公分之一曲率。
  12. 如請求項11之方法，其中該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層及該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之每一者包含呈現一半徑為7至20公分之一曲率。
  13. 如請求項1之方法，其中該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層及該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之每一者包含一非常數半徑。
  14. 如請求項13之方法，其中該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層及該第二光學上透明可撓性玻璃層之每一者為抛物線、垂曲線、外擺線或自由形狀。
  15. 如請求項1之方法，其中該彎曲可切換濾光片包含至少100cm2之一檢視面積。
  16. 如請求項1之方法，其中該彎曲可切換濾光片包含至少125cm2之一檢視面積。
  17. 如請求項1之方法，其中彎曲該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層包含將該第一光學上透明可撓性玻璃層附接至一金屬圓柱體。
  18. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包含形成一自動暗化濾光片，其中形成該自動暗化濾光片包含：將控制電路附接至該彎曲可切換濾光片；且將一感測器連接至該控制電路。
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