TWI675089B - 導電性組合物作為導電性黏著劑以用於機械及電連接電導體與太陽能電池之電觸點的用途 - Google Patents
導電性組合物作為導電性黏著劑以用於機械及電連接電導體與太陽能電池之電觸點的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種導電性組合物作為導電性黏著劑以用於機械及電連接太陽能電池之至少一個觸點與電導體的用途,其中該至少一個觸點係選自由發射極觸點及集極觸點組成之群,其特徵在於該導電性組合物包含(A)2至35vol%銀粒子,其平均粒度在1至25μm範圍內且呈現在5至30:1範圍內之縱橫比,(B)10至63vol%非金屬粒子,其平均粒度在1至25μm範圍內,呈現在1至3:1範圍內之縱橫比,(C)30至80vol%可固化樹脂系統,及(D)0至10vol%之至少一種添加劑,其中粒子(A)及(B)之vol%總和總計為25至65vol%。
Description
本發明係關於一種導電性組合物作為導電性黏著劑以用於機械及電連接電導體與太陽能電池之電觸點的用途。
太陽能電池可將諸如日光之光轉換成電能。有可能自一個單體太陽能電池收集電能。為了將由個別太陽能電池輸送之電壓增加至適合水準,複數個太陽能電池習知地以串聯方式電連接在一起,以形成可併入光伏打模組中之太陽能電池陣列。太陽能電池之電能收集及電連接典型地經由電導體作出,該等電導體機械及同時電連接至太陽能電池之發射極及集極觸點。電導體與電池觸點之機械及同時的電連接典型地藉由焊接或藉由黏接進行,在後一情況中使用導電性黏著劑。
本文中所使用之術語「電導體」意謂習知電導體,如例如習知線、帶、帶狀物或導電背片箔(背面接觸箔)。
本文中所使用之術語「發射極觸點」意謂連接太陽能電池之發射極與電導體之電觸點,而本文中所使用之術語「集極接點」意謂連接太陽能電池之集極與電導體之電觸點。電觸點呈金屬化物之形式。
在現今的大多數光伏打模組中,太陽能電池具有位於電池之相對側上的發射極觸點及集極觸點。發射極觸點位於前表面(亦即曝露於日光之表面)上,然而集極觸點在背側上。一實例為H型電池,其典型地具有兩個在其前面上之稱為發射極母線之發射極觸點,及兩個在其背面上之亦稱為集極母線的集極觸點。技術人員將認識到發射極觸點及集極觸點的極性相反。
已開發新電池類型,其中發射極觸點已自太陽能電池前面移動至背面,以便釋放前表面之額外部分且增加可由電池產生之電能的量。發射極及集極觸點位於電池背側上之該等太陽能電池以常用名稱「背面接觸電池」已知,該名稱包括金屬化繞通(MWT)電池、背面接合(BJ)電池、整合之背面接觸(IBC)電池及發射極繞通(EWT)電池。在此等背面接觸電池之情況下,發射極觸點為位於電池背面上之所謂「通孔」或「背面發射極觸點」,而集極觸點亦位於電池背面上。
現今之大多數太陽能電池為矽太陽能電池。
習知導電性黏著劑包含數量級為約80wt%(重量%)之很大一部分的銀粒子。由於較高之銀價格,就由例如鍍銀銅粒子之鍍銀粒子替換相當大部分之銀粒子而言,已開發所謂的低銀替代物。然而,使用該類型之含銅導電性黏著劑以用於黏接電導體與太陽能電池觸點存在擔憂,尤其在矽太陽能電池之情況下。理由為太陽能電池意欲用於長期使用,此放大了以下風險:在太陽能電池使用壽命期間銅擴散進入太陽能電池整體材料中,且因此形成減少再結合中心之不當效率,或甚至破壞太陽能電池之p-n或n-p轉變。此在矽太陽能電池的情況下尤其為一擔憂。然而,該等擔憂不僅在銅之情況下適用,且亦在具有與銅類似作用之其他元素之情況下適用。該等元素之實例包括磷、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳、鋯、鈮、鉬、鉭及鎢,參見「Energy research Centre of the Netherlands,Gianluca Coletti,Sensitivity of
crystalline silicon solar cells to metal impurities,2011年9月14日」或「J.R.Davis in IEEE Trans El.Dev.ED-27,677(1980)」。
本發明藉由使用特定導電性低銀型黏著劑以用於機械及同時電連接太陽能電池之觸點與電導體來預防該風險。在一實施例中,在導電性黏著劑中,基本上或完全避免呈元素或金屬形式或呈合金形式之元素銅、磷、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳、鋯、鈮、鉬、鉭、鋁及鎢。
因此,本發明係關於一種導電性組合物作為導電性黏著劑以用於機械及同時電連接太陽能電池、較佳矽太陽能電池之至少一個觸點與電導體的用途,其中該至少一個觸點選自由發射極觸點及集極觸點組成之群,其特徵在於導電性組合物包含(A)2至35vol%(體積%)銀粒子,其平均粒度在1至25μm範圍內且呈現在5至30:1範圍內之縱橫比,(B)10至63vol%非金屬粒子,其平均粒度在1至25μm範圍內,呈現在1至3:1範圍內之縱橫比,(C)30至80vol%可固化(可硬化、可交聯)樹脂系統,及(D)0至10vol%之至少一種添加劑,其中粒子(A)及(B)之vol%總和總計為25至65vol%。
在說明書及申請專利範圍中,使用術語「太陽能電池」。其不應意謂對於某一類型之太陽能電池之任何限制。其包括任何類型之太陽能電池,尤其包括矽太陽能電池。電池可為例如在前提及之H或背面接觸電池類型。
在一實施例中,(A)、(B)、(C)及若存在(D)之vol%總和可總計為導電性組合物之100vol%。
說明書及申請專利範圍中所揭示之vol%涉及導電性組合物,亦即尚未固化,或甚至更精確地涉及根據本發明在其塗覆或使用之前的導
電性組合物。
在說明書及申請專利範圍中使用術語「平均粒度」。其應意謂藉助於雷射繞射測定之平均初始粒徑(d50)。雷射繞射量測可使用例如來自Malvern Instruments之粒度分析儀3000之粒度分析儀進行。
在說明書及申請專利範圍中,關於導電性組合物中所包括的粒子(A)及(B)之形狀,使用術語「縱橫比」。縱橫比意謂粒子之最大尺寸與最小尺寸之比,且其藉由SEM(掃描電子顯微法)及藉由量測統計上有意義之很多個別粒子之尺寸評估電子顯微影像來測定。
導電性組合物包含2至35vol%、較佳2至30vol%且最佳2至20vol%之銀粒子(A),其平均粒度在1至25μm、較佳1至20μm、最佳1至15μm範圍內,且呈現在5至30:1、較佳6至20:1、最佳7至15:1範圍內之縱橫比。銀粒子(A)可具有塗層,該塗層包含至少一種有機化合物,尤其C8至C22脂肪酸或其衍生物如鹽或酯。vol%值包括銀粒子(A)上之該等塗層之體積貢獻。
銀粒子(A)包括銀及銀合金之粒子;亦即本文中所使用之術語「銀粒子」應意謂純銀及/或銀合金之粒子。在銀合金之情況下,合金金屬之總比例為例如>0至5wt%,較佳為>0至1wt%。銀合金可包含銀及一種其他金屬之二元合金或銀與一種以上不為銀之金屬的合金。可用作銀之合金金屬之金屬之實例尤其包括鋅、銠、鈀、銦、錫、銻、錸、鋨、銥、鉑、金、鉛及鉍。在一實施例中,排除銅、磷、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳、鋯、鈮、鉬、鉭、鋁及鎢作為合金元素。
銀粒子(A)顯示在5至30:1、較佳6至20:1、最佳7至15:1範圍內之縱橫比。該縱橫比應表示銀粒子(A)為例如與例如具有球形、基本上球形、橢圓或卵形形狀之粒子相對的針狀粒子(針)或薄片(小板)。
導電性組合物可包含一種類型之銀粒子(A)或兩種或兩種以上不
同類型之銀粒子(A)的組合。在任何情況下,導電性組合物中所含有的所有類型銀粒子(A)符合在前提及之平均粒度及縱橫比條件。為說明此,可設想以下理論實例:導電性組合物可包含兩種不同類型之銀粒子作為唯一粒子(A),亦即X vol%之d50值為x μm且縱橫比為y:1之銀粒子,及Y vol%之d50值為v μm且縱橫比為w:1之銀粒子,其中X+Y在該2至35vol%範圍內,x及v獨立地在該1至25μm範圍內,且y及w獨立地在該5至30:1範圍內。
類型(A)之銀粒子可於市面購得。該等銀粒子之實例包括來自Ames Goldsmith之SF-3、SF-3J;來自Ferro之銀片(Silver Flake)#80;來自Metalor之RA-0101、AA-192N。
在一實施例中,導電性組合物可包含一部分,例如10至30vol%之不為類型(A)之銀粒子的銀粒子,特定而言縱橫比在例如1至<5:1或1至3:1範圍內之銀粒子。該等銀粒子之一個市售實例為來自Metalor之FA-3162。
導電性組合物包含10至63vol%、較佳15至63vol%且最佳15至60vol%之非金屬粒子(B),其平均粒度在1至25μm、較佳1至20μm、最佳1至15μm範圍內,且呈現在1至3:1、較佳1至2:1、最佳1至1.5:1範圍內之縱橫比。(B)類型之適用粒子之實例包括石墨粒子及非導電性非金屬粒子,在各情況下符合該等平均粒度及縱橫比條件。本文中所使用之術語「非導電性非金屬粒子」應意謂電導率<10-5S/m之材料之非金屬粒子。該等材料之實例包括玻璃、陶瓷、塑膠、鑽石、氮化硼、二氧化矽、氮化矽、碳化矽、鋁矽酸鹽、氧化鋁、氮化鋁、氧化鋯及二氧化鈦。
非金屬粒子(B)顯示在1至3:1、較佳1至2:1、最佳1至1.5:1範圍內之縱橫比。該縱橫比應表示粒子(B)具有與如例如針狀粒子或薄片之粒子相反的真實球形或基本上球形形狀。個別粒子(B)當在電子顯微
鏡下觀察時具有類似球或接近類似球之形狀,亦即其可完美地為圓或近似圓、橢圓的或其可具有卵形形狀。
導電性組合物可包含一種類型之粒子(B)或兩種或兩種以上不同類型之粒子(B)的組合。在任何情況下,導電性組合物中所含有的所有類型粒子(B)符合在前提及之平均粒度及縱橫比條件。
類型(B)之粒子市售。實例包括來自Admatechs之AE9104;來自AMG Mining之EDM99,5;來自Almatis之CL4400、CL3000SG;來自Sigma Aldrich之Glass Spheres;來自Microbeads®之Spheromers® CA6、CA10、CA15。
在一較佳實施例中,銀粒子(A)的平均粒度在為非金屬粒子(B)之平均粒度的0.2至2倍範圍內。
銀粒子(A)及非金屬粒子(B)之vol%總和總計為25至65vol%。
導電性組合物包含30至80vol%、較佳30至75vol%且最佳30至70vol%之可固化樹脂系統(C)。
可固化樹脂系統(C)包含導電性組合物之彼等成分,該等成分在其塗覆且固化後形成包埋有(A)及(B)粒子之共價交聯之聚合物基質。
「可固化樹脂系統」意謂一樹脂系統:包含至少一種典型地與起始劑或引發劑組合之可自交聯樹脂,及/或一或多種與一或多種用於一或多種可交聯樹脂的硬化劑(交聯劑、固化劑)組合之可交聯樹脂。然而,非反應性樹脂存在於該可固化樹脂系統內亦為可能的。為避免誤解,術語「樹脂系統」雖然一般理解為涉及聚合材料,但不應理解為不包括寡聚材料之視情況存在。寡聚材料可包括反應性調薄劑(反應性稀釋劑)。寡聚及聚合材料之間的界限藉由重量平均莫耳質量定義,該重量平均莫耳質量藉由凝膠滲透層析法(GPC;二乙烯基苯交聯之聚苯乙烯作為固定相,四氫呋喃作為液相,聚苯乙烯標準品)測定。寡聚材料的重量平均莫耳質量為500,而聚合材料的重量平均
莫耳質量為>500。
典型地,可固化樹脂系統(C)之成分為非揮發性的;然而亦可存在可涉及可固化樹脂系統之固化機制的揮發性化合物。
可固化樹脂系統(C)可藉由形成共價鍵固化。共價鍵形成固化反應可為自由基聚合、縮合及/或加成反應,其中縮合反應次佳。
如之前已提及,可固化樹脂系統(C)包含導電性組合物之在其塗覆且固化後形成共價交聯之聚合物基質或聚合物網狀結構的彼等成分。此聚合物基質可為任何類型,亦即其可包含一或多種聚合物,或兩種或兩種以上不同聚合物之一或多種混合物。可能聚合物之實例可包括(甲基)丙烯醯基共聚物、聚酯、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚矽氧烷、聚醚、環氧-胺-聚合加合物及任何組合。形成該聚合物基質之聚合物可來源於可固化樹脂系統(C)之聚合組分,且/或可在塗覆後之可固化樹脂系統(C)之聚合物形成固化反應期間及在導電性組合物之固化期間形成。
因此,一或多種可為可固化樹脂系統(C)之成分之樹脂可選自例如(甲基)丙烯醯基共聚物樹脂、聚酯樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、聚矽氧烷樹脂、包括環氧樹脂型聚醚樹脂之聚醚樹脂、環氧-胺-聚合加合物及其混合物。
可固化樹脂系統(C)之可自交聯樹脂可為攜有能夠在形成共價鍵下在交聯網狀結構形成之意義上相互間反應之官能基之樹脂。在替代方案中,可自交聯樹脂為在同一個分子中攜有不同官能基(F1)及(F2)之樹脂,其中官能基(F2)顯示與官能基(F1)之官能度互補的反應性官能度。可交聯樹脂與硬化劑之組合意謂可交聯樹脂攜有官能基(F1),而硬化劑攜有顯示與官能基(F1)之官能度互補的反應性官能度之其他官能基(F2)。該等互補官能基(F1)/(F2)之實例為:羧基/環氧基、羥基/異氰酸酯基、環氧基/胺、可自由基聚合烯烴雙鍵/可自由基聚合烯烴
雙鍵及其類似物。互補官能基(F1)/(F2)之反應在任何情況下導致形成共價鍵,結果為形成共價交聯之聚合物網狀結構。
在一較佳實施例中,可固化樹脂系統(C)包含可自交聯環氧樹脂或環氧樹脂及用於環氧樹脂之硬化劑之系統,該硬化劑選自多元胺硬化劑、聚羧酸硬化劑及聚羧酸酐硬化劑。環氧樹脂及用於環氧樹脂之多元胺硬化劑之系統可視情況包含內酯。
包含可自交聯環氧樹脂之可固化樹脂系統(C)可包含起始劑或引發劑。其可為陽離子可固化系統。為引發陽離子固化,其需要可為熱不穩定或UV不穩定之陽離子引發劑。因此,包含可自交聯環氧樹脂之陽離子可固化樹脂系統(C)可為熱可固化或UV可固化樹脂系統。
適用環氧樹脂之實例為雙酚A及/或雙酚F環氧樹脂、酚醛環氧樹脂、脂族環氧樹脂及環脂族環氧樹脂。該等市售環氧樹脂之實例包括來自Huntsman之Araldite® GY 279、Araldite® GY 891、Araldite® PY 302-2、Araldite® PY 3483、Araldite® GY 281及Quatrex® 1010;來自Dow Chemical之D.E.R.TM 331、D.E.R.TM 732、D.E.R.TM 354及D.E.NTM 431;來自Mitsubishi Chemical之JER YX8000;及來自Momentive Specialty Chemicals之EPONEXTM樹脂1510。
適用多元胺硬化劑之實例為每分子包含一種以上一級或二級胺基之化合物。典型的實例為在分子中具有至少兩個胺基之二胺、三胺及其他多元胺,其中胺基選自一級及二級胺基。二級胺基可呈現為側向或末端官能基或呈現為雜環成員。較佳多元胺硬化劑之實例包括二伸乙基三胺、乙二胺、三伸乙基四胺、胺基乙基哌嗪及來自Huntsman之Jeffamine® D230。
適用聚羧酸硬化劑之實例包括甲基六氫鄰苯二甲酸及其可能的酐。
適用陽離子引發劑之實例為六氟銻酸1-(對甲氧基苯甲基)四氫噻
吩鎓。
適用內酯之實例為△-戊內酯、△-己內酯、△-壬內酯、△-癸內酯、△-十一內酯、γ-丁內酯、γ-己內酯、γ-庚內酯、γ-辛內酯、ε-己內酯、ε-辛內酯、ε-壬內酯及其混合物。
導電性組合物包含0至10vol%之至少一種添加劑(D)。
添加劑之實例包括4-環己烷二甲醇二乙烯醚;有機溶劑,例如異丙醇、正丙醇、萜品醇;濕潤劑,例如油酸;流變改質劑,例如奈米級二氧化矽、乙基纖維素。
迄今為止,導電性組合物之組成以vol%狀觀察。在一實施例中,導電性組合物包含15至60wt%銀粒子(A)、10至75wt%非金屬粒子(B)、7至35wt%可固化樹脂系統(C),及(D)0至5wt%之至少一種添加劑,其中(A)及(B)之wt%總和總計為60至93wt%,且其中(A)、(B)、(C)及若存在(D)之wt%總和可總計為導電性組合物之100wt%。說明書及申請專利範圍中所揭示之wt%涉及導電性組合物,亦即尚未固化的,或甚至更精確地涉及根據本發明在其使用之前的導電性組合物。
較佳地,根據DIN 53018(在23℃下,CSR-量測,圓錐-板系統,剪切速率為每秒50轉)所量測,導電性組合物之黏度在4至45Pa.s、最佳8至35Pa.s範圍內。
導電性組合物可藉由混合組分(A)、(B)、(C)及視情況選用之(D)來製備,其中在添加組分(A)及(B)之前較佳首先引入組分(C)。完成混合後,可儲存因此產生之導電性組合物直至其根據本發明而使用。可宜在例如-78至+8℃之低溫下儲存導電性組合物。
視(C)組分之化學性質而定且若需要或適宜,亦有可能將組分(C)分離成子組分,例如分離成可固化樹脂子組分(C1)及硬化劑子組分(C2),且混合(A)、(B)、(C1)及視情況選用之(D),且將該混合物與(C2)分開儲存。如此,獲得雙組分類型之導電性組合物。其兩種組分
彼此分開儲存直至根據本發明使用導電性組合物。隨後塗覆前不久或即刻混合兩種組分。
根據本發明使用導電性組合物,亦即其用作導電性黏著劑以用於機械及同時電連接太陽能電池之至少一個觸點與電導體,其中至少一個觸點選自由太陽能電池發射極觸點及太陽能電池集極觸點組成之群。
為此目的,將導電性組合物塗覆至太陽能電池之至少一個觸點之接觸表面及/或電導體的接觸表面,該電導體黏接至太陽能電池之至少一個觸點。典型地,如之前已在解釋發射極及集極觸點之段落中所提及,太陽能電池之觸點之接觸表面為金屬化物。電導體之接觸表面可為線、帶或帶狀物之末端及/或其他適合地點。在電導體呈導電背片箔形式之情況下,其接觸表面典型地呈經設計以裝配太陽能電池之至少一個觸點之圖案的形式。
可例如藉由印刷(例如網板印刷或模板印刷)、藉由噴射或藉由施配來進行導電性組合物之塗覆。經塗覆且未固化之導電性組合物之典型厚度處於例如20至500μm範圍內。
塗覆導電性組合物後,將一或多個太陽能電池觸點及黏接至其上之電導體放在一起,其中具有導電性組合物之其接觸表面在兩者之間。
固化之前,亦即在塗覆後且將一或多個太陽能電池觸點及電導體放在一起之前或之後,可進行一視情況選用之乾燥步驟,以便自導電性組合物移除最終存在之揮發性化合物,如例如有機溶劑。若進行該乾燥步驟,則乾燥參數為在例如60至160℃之目標溫度下例如1至120分鐘。
隨後固化包含導電性組合物之因此形成之總成,亦即固化導電性組合物。若待要黏接之接觸表面中之至少一者對UV光足夠透明且/或
允許UV光充分進入,且若(C)系統之固化化學允許UV固化,則固化可藉由UV照射引發。UV可固化(C)系統之實例為已經提及之可固化樹脂系統(C),其包含可自交聯環氧樹脂及UV不穩定陽離子引發劑;或包含可自由基聚合之組分及UV不穩定自由基引發劑之可固化樹脂系統(C)。在熱固化之更常用替代方案中,施加熱且在例如80至160℃之目標溫度下加熱包括導電性組合物之總成例如5至30分鐘。如將在下文更詳細地揭示,熱固化可在個別步驟中進行或其可在組裝且固結光伏打模組或光伏打堆疊過程中發生。
在硬化狀態中導電性組合物為固體。
完成固化後,電導體附接至觸點之太陽能電池或藉由電導體彼此連接之太陽能電池陣列可用於產生電能,或尤其其可併入習知光伏打模組中。為此目的,可例如藉由以下方式組裝光伏打堆疊或光伏打模組:將習知背封裝層置放於習知背片上、將太陽能電池或太陽能電池陣列置放於背封裝層之頂部上、將習知前封裝層置放於一或多個太陽能電池之頂部上且隨後將習知前片置放於前封裝層之頂部上。典型地,隨後將因此組裝之光伏打堆疊藉由以下方式固結於層壓裝置中:加熱堆疊,且使經加熱光伏打堆疊在垂直於堆疊平面之方向上經歷機械壓力,且減少層壓裝置中之環境壓力。加熱使得前及背封裝劑變軟,在一或多個太陽能電池周圍流動且黏著至一或多個太陽能電池,且若尚未進行,則熱固化導電性組合物;亦即在後一情況中熱固化在固結光伏打堆疊期間發生。最後,將光伏打堆疊冷卻至環境溫度且釋放機械壓力且在層壓裝置中重建大氣壓。
藉由混合69 pbw(重量份)來自Huntsman之Araldite® PY 302-2、4 pbw六氟銻酸1-(對甲氧基苯甲基)四氫噻吩鎓、21 pbw來自Huntsman
之Araldite® DY-E(反應性稀釋劑)及6 pbw油酸來製備類型(C)及(D)之組分的混合物。
混合13vol%(40wt%)來自Metalor之AA-192N((A)型粒子)、31vol%(40wt%)來自Admatechs之AE9104((B)型粒子)及56vol%(20wt%)之類型(C)及(D)之組分的混合物。藉由以下方式進行混合:將組分(C)及(D)之混合物引入燒杯中,且隨後藉助於刮勺與其他組分混合,隨後用漿混合器在300至400U/min下混合5分鐘。其後,在三重輥筒研磨機中在21℃下將混合物研磨兩次,隨後用漿混合器在小於10毫巴下在攪拌下抽空20分鐘。
藉由混合63 pbw來自Dow Chemicai之D.E.R.TM 732、8 pbw來自Shikoku之Curezol® C2E4MZ硬化劑、23 pbw來自Huntsman之Araldite® DY-E、4 pbw 4-環己烷二甲醇二乙烯醚及2 pbw油酸來製備類型(C)及(D)之組分的混合物。
混合17vol%(50wt%)來自Ames Goldsmith之SF-3J((A)型粒子)、24vol%(30wt%)來自Almatis之CL3000SG((B)型粒子)及59vol%(20wt%)之類型(C)及(D)之組分的混合物。藉由以下方式進行混合:將組分(C)及(D)之混合物引入燒杯中,且隨後藉助於刮勺與其他組分混合,隨後用漿混合器在300至400U/min下混合5分鐘。其後,在三重輥筒研磨機中在21℃下將混合物研磨兩次,隨後用漿混合器在小於10毫巴下在攪拌下抽空20分鐘。
藉由混合69 pbw來自Dow Chemical之D.E.R.TM 732、4 pbw六氟銻酸1-(對甲氧基苯甲基)四氫噻吩鎓、21 pbw來自Huntsman之Araldite® DY-E及6 pbw油酸來製備類型(C)及(D)之組分的混合物。
混合17vol%(50wt%)來自Ames Goldsmith之SF-3J((A)型粒子)、
24vol%(30wt%)來自Almatis之CL3000SG((B)型粒子)及59vol%(20wt%)之類型(C)及(D)之組分的混合物。藉由以下方式進行混合:將組分(C)及(D)之混合物引入燒杯中,且隨後藉助於刮勺與其他組分混合,隨後用漿混合器在300至400U/min下混合5分鐘。其後,在三重輥筒研磨機中在21℃下將混合物研磨兩次,隨後用漿混合器在小於10毫巴下在攪拌下抽空20分鐘。
藉由混合63 pbw來自Huntsman之Araldite® PY 302-2、8 pbw來自Shikoku之Curezol® C2E4MZ、23 pbw來自Huntsman之Araldite® DY-E、4 pbw 4-環己烷二甲醇二乙烯醚及2 pbw油酸來製備類型(C)及(D)之組分的混合物。
混合13vol%(40wt%)來自Metalor之AA-192N((A)型粒子)、31vol%(40wt%)來自Admatechs之AE9104((B)型粒子)及56vol%(20wt%)之類型(C)及(D)之組分的混合物。藉由以下方式進行混合:將組分(C)及(D)之混合物引入燒杯中,且隨後藉助於刮勺與其他組分混合,隨後用漿混合器在300至400U/min下混合5分鐘。其後,在三重輥筒研磨機中在21℃下將混合物研磨兩次,隨後用漿混合器在小於10毫巴下在攪拌下抽空20分鐘。
經由模板印刷以400μm之厚度將實例1之導電性組合物塗覆至MWT太陽能電池(來自JA Solar之JACP6WR-0)之背側發射極及集極觸點。
同時將來自Coveme之穿孔Ebfoil®介電層置放於導電背片箔(來自Coveme之Ebfoil®背片背面接觸(Backsheet Back-contact))上以形成堆疊。其後置放太陽能電池,其中具備導電性組合物之其背側面向堆疊之穿孔Ebfoil®介電層。在太陽能電池前側之頂部上,置放來自3MTM
之太陽能密封膜(Solar Encapsulant Film)EVA9100之薄片。將玻璃片(來自vetro solarTM之vsol)置放於密封膜之頂部上。
隨後在施加熱及機械壓力下層壓整個堆疊。首先,以13℃/min之速率將溫度增加至150℃。在80℃下將1巴之機械壓力逐漸且均勻地施加於堆疊之頂面及底面上。9分鐘後,在150℃下以25℃/分鐘之速率冷卻堆疊,直至堆疊達至20℃。達至80℃後,將機械壓力降至零。
Claims (14)
- 一種導電性組合物作為導電性黏著劑以用於機械及電連接太陽能電池之至少一個觸點與電導體的用途,其中該至少一個觸點係選自由發射極觸點及集極觸點組成之群,其特徵在於該導電性組合物包含(A)2至35vol%銀粒子,其平均粒度在1至25μm範圍內且呈現在5至30:1範圍內之縱橫比,(B)10至63vol%非金屬粒子,其平均粒度在1至25μm範圍內,呈現在1至3:1範圍內之縱橫比,(C)30至80vol%可固化樹脂系統,及(D)0至10vol%之至少一種添加劑,其中粒子(A)及(B)之vol%總和總計為25至65vol%。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中(A)、(B)、(C)及若存在(D)之vol%總和總計為該導電性組合物之100vol%。
- 如請求項2之用途,其中該等銀粒子(A)為純銀及/或銀合金之粒子。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該等非金屬粒子(B)係選自由以下組成之群:石墨粒子、玻璃粒子、陶瓷粒子、塑膠粒子、鑽石粒子、氮化硼粒子、二氧化矽粒子、氮化矽粒子、碳化矽粒子、鋁矽酸鹽粒子、氧化鋁粒子、氮化鋁粒子、氧化鋯粒子及二氧化鈦粒子。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該等銀粒子(A)的平均粒度在該等非金屬粒子(B)之平均粒度的0.2至2倍範圍內。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該可固化樹脂系統(C)包含該導電性組合物之在其塗覆且固化後形成包埋有該等(A)及(B)粒子之共價交聯之聚合物基質的彼等成分。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該可固化樹脂系統(C)包含可自交聯環氧樹脂或環氧樹脂及用於該環氧樹脂之硬化劑之系統,該硬化劑係選自多元胺硬化劑、聚羧酸硬化劑及聚羧酸酐硬化劑。
- 如請求項7之用途,其中該可固化樹脂系統(C)包含環氧樹脂、用於該環氧樹脂之多元胺硬化劑及視情況選用之內酯的系統。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該導電性組合物係塗覆至該太陽能電池之該至少一個觸點之接觸表面及/或待黏接至該太陽能電池之該至少一個觸點之該電導體的接觸表面。
- 如請求項9之用途,其中該導電性組合物之該塗覆係藉由印刷、噴射或施配進行。
- 如請求項9之用途,其中在塗覆該導電性組合物後,將該一或多個太陽能電池觸點及待與其黏接之該/該等電導體放在一起,使具有該導電性組合物之其等的接觸表面介於其間以形成總成。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中使該總成所包含之該導電性組合物固化。
- 如請求項12之用途,其中該固化為熱固化。
- 如請求項13之用途,其中該熱固化係在個別步驟中進行或在組裝且固結光伏打堆疊過程中發生。
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EP15150720.9A EP3043354B1 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2015-01-12 | Use of an electrically conductive composition as an electrically conductive adhesive for mechanically and electrically connecting electrical conductors to electrical contacts of solar cells |
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EP (1) | EP3043354B1 (zh) |
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EP3276693A1 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-01-31 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Solar cells with conductive polymer passivation layers on the back side |
US20190136099A1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-05-09 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Electroconductive adhesive composition |
CN110776848A (zh) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-02-11 | 林雨露 | 一种与金属Cu界面可靠连接的银粉导电胶 |
EP3943564B1 (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2024-07-17 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Room temperature stable, electrically conductive 1k epoxy formulation |
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JPH06333416A (ja) * | 1993-05-21 | 1994-12-02 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 導電ペースト |
EP2058868A1 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2009-05-13 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Conductive adhesive film and solar cell module |
US20100209690A1 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2010-08-19 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Co-curable, conductive surfacing films for lightning strike and electromagnetic interference shielding of thermoset composite materials |
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JPH07268065A (ja) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-10-17 | Sophia Syst:Kk | 紫外線硬化型の無溶媒導電性ポリマー材料 |
CN101000810B (zh) * | 2007-01-05 | 2010-06-23 | 华南理工大学 | 导电组合物 |
JP2010515717A (ja) * | 2007-01-11 | 2010-05-13 | フィリップス−ウニベルジテート・マールブルク | アルツハイマーおよび他の神経性認知症疾患の診断ならびに処置 |
WO2014159792A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-10-02 | Dow Corning Corporation | Curable silicone compositions, electrically conductive silicone adhesives, methods of making and using same, and electrical devices containing same |
JP6370881B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-17 | 2018-08-08 | ヘンケル・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト・アウフ・アクチェンHenkel AG & Co. KGaA | 導電性インク |
US20140374671A1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-12-25 | Xerox Corporation | Conductive metal inks with polyvinylbutyral and polyvinylpyrrolidone binder |
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2015
- 2015-01-12 ES ES15150720.9T patent/ES2663623T3/es active Active
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- 2015-11-26 WO PCT/EP2015/077745 patent/WO2016113026A1/en active Application Filing
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JPH06333416A (ja) * | 1993-05-21 | 1994-12-02 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 導電ペースト |
EP2058868A1 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2009-05-13 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Conductive adhesive film and solar cell module |
US20100209690A1 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2010-08-19 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Co-curable, conductive surfacing films for lightning strike and electromagnetic interference shielding of thermoset composite materials |
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ES2663623T3 (es) | 2018-04-16 |
CN107004456A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
CN107004456B (zh) | 2019-06-04 |
US20190119533A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
TW201634638A (zh) | 2016-10-01 |
US20170369745A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
WO2016113026A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
EP3043354B1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
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