TWI663273B - 鎢濺鍍靶及其製造方法 - Google Patents

鎢濺鍍靶及其製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI663273B
TWI663273B TW104132372A TW104132372A TWI663273B TW I663273 B TWI663273 B TW I663273B TW 104132372 A TW104132372 A TW 104132372A TW 104132372 A TW104132372 A TW 104132372A TW I663273 B TWI663273 B TW I663273B
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大橋一允
小田國博
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日商Jx日鑛日石金屬股份有限公司
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Abstract

一種濺鍍靶,其特徵在於:含有0.01~0.5wt%之Ag,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成。本發明之課題在於提供一種濺鍍靶及其製造方法,其經由濺鍍可形成比電阻小之膜,又,具備良好之均勻性,尤其於形成半導體裝置用薄膜時,具有優異特性。

Description

鎢濺鍍靶及其製造方法
本發明係關於一種鎢濺鍍靶及其製造方法,尤其有關於一種可形成低電阻、穩定之半導體裝置用薄膜之濺鍍靶及其製造方法。
半導體裝置逐年被要求細微化、高積體化,製造製程之改良或新原料之研究等正在盛行。例如,閘極一般而言使用多晶矽或金屬矽化物,但為了更進一步低電阻化,正在進行使用全部由金屬組成之閘極(金屬電極)之研究。然後,組合如上述之閘極與高介電常數之閘極絕緣膜(gate insulating film),藉此高速化.低耗電化變得可能。
一部分之半導體裝置中,作為上述金屬電極,使用有W(鎢)。鎢膜(閘極)通常係將鎢靶進行濺鍍而形成。專利文獻1中揭示有一種鎢靶,其含有0.01~1重量%之Ni,該Ni用於形成閘圖案(gate pattern)之一部分,即鎢矽化物。又,專利文獻2中揭示有一種W靶,其雖係用於形成障壁膜,但含有10~30at%之Ni。
然而,使用該等靶而形成之薄膜中,存在無法充分地降低比電阻之問題。尤其是使用於閘極之情形時,若能充分地降低比電阻,則可相應地使該閘極的膜厚變薄,但於以往之含Ni等的W靶中無法獲得此種優點。又,一直以來亦未特別關心比電阻之均勻性(uniformity)。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2010-261103號公報
[專利文獻2]國際公開WO2010/119785號公報
本發明之課題在於提供一種濺鍍靶及該濺鍍靶之製造方法,可經由濺鍍形成比電阻小之膜,又,具備良好之均勻性,作為半導體裝置用之薄膜(尤其是閘極)而有用,於形成此閘極之膜時,具有優異特性。
本發明人等為了解決上述問題進行努力研究,結果發現,將Ag微量添加於W(鎢),又,鑽研其製造方法,藉此可使Ag不固溶於鎢中,降低膜之比電阻,進而藉由抑制Ag之組成偏差,可提升比電阻之均勻性。
本發明人等基於此發現,而提供以下發明。
1)一種濺鍍靶,其含有0.01~0.5wt%之Ag,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成。
2)如1)之濺鍍靶,其特徵在於具有由W之母相與Ag粒子構成之組織,Ag未固溶於W母相中。
3)如1)或2)之濺鍍靶,其特徵在於Ag粒子之平均粒徑為0.1~10.0μm。
4)如1)至3)中任一者之濺鍍靶,其特徵在於靶中之Ag的組成偏差為10%以內。
5)如1)至4)中任一者之濺鍍靶,其特徵在於純度為99.999%以上。
6)一種濺鍍靶之製造方法,其特徵在於將平均粒徑為0.1~10.0μm之W粉末與平均粒徑為0.1~10.0μm之Ag粉末,以Ag為0.01~0.5wt%,剩餘部份為W及不可避免之雜質之摻合比進行混合,對其以15~30MPa之施加壓力、溫度1600~2000℃進行燒結。
本發明具有如下之優異效果:可獲得能夠形成比電阻小,具 備良好均勻性之膜,適用於半導體裝置用之薄膜(尤其是閘極)膜之形成的濺鍍靶。
本發明之濺鍍靶之特徵在於含有0.01~0.5wt%之Ag,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成。若Ag之含量未達0.01wt%,則無法充分降低膜之比電阻,另一方面若超過0.5wt%,則於形成之薄膜中,Ag本身會成為雜質,無法獲得所欲之裝置特性,故欠佳。因此,Ag之含量設為0.01~0.5wt%之範圍。
又,本發明之濺鍍靶之特徵在於具有由W之母相與Ag粒子構成之組織,Ag未固溶於W母相中。其原因在於,若Ag完全地固溶於W母相中,則於W之晶格會產生形變,導致傳導電子散射,其移動受到妨礙,故電阻增加。本發明利用掃描式電子顯微鏡(倍率:2000倍),觀察濺鍍靶面內之9處(中心1點、1/2R[半徑]之平均4點、R[外圍部]之平均4點),若在全部之點中於視野1mm2確認到粒徑0.1μm以上之Ag粒子,則判斷Ag未完全地固溶。
又,W本身於燒結時會結晶化,Ag存在於此W結晶粒之晶界,存在於晶界之Ag粒子的大小其平均粒徑較佳為0.1~10.0μm。若平均粒徑未達0.1μm,則只有與Ag固溶時相同的效果,另一方面,若平均粒徑超過10.0μm,則因與W之濺鍍速率不同,容易產生瘤塊(nodule),成為粒子(particle)之產生原因,故欠佳。再者,平均粒徑可使用百格測試法(crosscut method)而算出。
本發明之濺鍍靶較佳將靶中之Ag之組成偏差設為10%以內。如後所述,藉由調整原料粉末粒徑、調整混合條件,可抑制靶中之Ag的組成偏差。其原因在於,若Ag之組成偏差超過此數值範圍,則比電阻之均勻性明顯地降低。
Ag之組成的偏差係以如下方式算出:於圓盤狀之靶中,針對中心1點、1/2R(半徑)之平均八點、以及距外圍1cm之內側(外圍部)之平均8點,合計17點,測量各點(體積0.5~2cm3)中Ag之含量,使用下式而自其最大值、最小值、平均值算出。
Ag之組成偏差(%)={(Ag含量之最大值)-((Ag含量之最小值)}/((Ag含量之平均值)×100
又,本發明之濺鍍靶較佳純度為99.999%(5N)以上。再者,上述純度可自利用GDMS(輝光放電質譜術)測量之雜質含量算出,上述雜質中不含有作為構成元素W及Ag、氣體成分(O、C、N、H、S、P)。由本發明之靶形成的薄膜,尤其是作為半導體裝置之閘極而使用者,若此閘極中含有大量鹼金屬或過度金屬等之金屬雜質,則該等雜質會使裝置特性惡化,使作為半導體裝置之品質劣化。
本發明之濺鍍靶可使用粉末燒結法而製作。
首先,準備平均粒徑0.1~10.0μm之W粉末與平均粒徑0.1~10μm之Ag粉末。該等原料粉末較佳使用純度5N以上者。繼而,將該等粉末以Ag成為0.01~0.5wt%之摻合比進行混合。對於混合,尤其使用球磨機或機械合金化(mechanical alloying)等,藉此使Ag均勻地分散。
繼而,以15~30MPa之施加壓力,1600~2000℃經由熱壓燒結混合粉末,而可製造靶材(燒結體)。若燒結溫度過低,則存在燒結體之密度未充分提升之問題,另一方面,若燒結溫度過高,則有Ag固溶於W中之虞。又,燒結時設為15~30MPa之施加壓力的原因在於,於未達15MPa之低壓,密度不會上升,若施加超過30MPa之高壓,則會產生平行於壓面之層狀裂痕。
又,進行冷均壓加壓處理(CIP處理)或熱均壓加壓處理(HIP處理)對於進一步提高靶密度有效。HIP處理可於1600~2000℃,100~200MPa之條件下進行。藉此,可得到密度95%以上之燒結體。可將以此方式獲得之燒結體,藉由切斷、切削.研磨等製作靶。又,於作為濺鍍靶而使用之情形時,會將其黏合於背板而使用。
[實施例]
繼而,針對實施例進行說明。再者,本實施例用於表示發明之一例,本發明不受該等實施例之限制。即,包括本發明之技術思想所含有之其他態樣及變形。
(實施例1)
作為原料粉末,使用純度5以上,平均粒徑2.0μm之W粉末與純度5N以上,平均粒徑5.0μm之Ag粉末,以特定之比例摻合,將其於球磨機進行混合。繼而,將此混合粉末填充於碳模具(carbon mold)中,在真空環境中加熱至1800℃,以15MPa進行熱壓。藉此,獲得Ag為0.05wt%,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成之燒結體。此時,燒結體密度為99.1%。繼而,將以此方式獲得之燒結體進行切削、研磨等機械加工,製作直徑 440mm,厚度3mm之圓盤狀濺鍍靶,調查此靶內之Ag的組成偏差。結果,Ag之組成偏差為10%以內。又,利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察此靶,於W結晶之晶界確認到Ag粒子。
繼而,使用此靶進行濺鍍,形成含Ag之鎢薄膜。再者,濺鍍條件設為如下(以下之實施例及比較例亦設為相同條件):電源:直流方式,電力:15kW,終極真空度:5×10-8Torr,環境氣體組成:Ar,濺鍍氣體壓力:5×10-3Torr,濺鍍時間:15秒。對所獲得之薄膜,使用克萊譚克公司製造之OmniMap,測量膜之片電阻,又,使用XRR(X射線反射率測量)測量膜厚,而算出膜之比電阻(Ω.cm)。其結果,相較於不含Ag之情形(比較例1),比電阻降低8%。又,測量面內之比電阻之均勻性(uniformity),得到5%以下之良好結果。將以上結果示於表1。
(實施例2)
作為原料粉末,使用純度5以上,平均粒徑2.0μm之W粉末與純度5N以上之Ag塊,以特定之比例摻合,將其使用機械合金化而進行混合。繼而,將此混合粉末填充於碳模具中,在真空環境中加熱至1600℃,以30MPa進行熱壓。藉此,獲得Ag為0.05wt%,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成之燒結體。此時,燒結體密度為99.1%。
將以此方式獲得之燒結體進行切削、研磨等機械加工,製作直徑440mm,厚度3mm之圓盤狀濺鍍靶,調查此靶內之Ag的組成偏差。結果,Ag之組成偏差為10%以內。又,利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察此靶,於W結晶之晶界確認到Ag粒子。繼而,使用此靶進行濺鍍,形成含Ag之鎢薄膜。對所獲得之薄膜,使用與實施例1相同的方法而算出膜之比電阻(Ω.cm)。其結果,相較於不含Ag之情形(比較例1),比電阻降低9%。又,測量面內之比電阻之均勻性(uniformity),得到5%以下之良好結果。
(實施例3)
作為原料粉末,使用純度5以上,平均粒徑2.0μm之W粉末與純度5N以上,平均粒徑10.0μm之Ag粉末,以特定之比例摻合,將其於球磨機中進行混合。繼而,將此混合粉末填充於碳模具中,在真空環境中加熱至1700℃,以20MPa進行熱壓。藉此,獲得Ag為0.5wt%,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成之燒結體。此時,燒結體密度為99.2%。
將以此方式獲得之燒結體進行切削、研磨等機械加工,製作直徑440mm,厚度3mm之圓盤狀濺鍍靶,調查此靶內之Ag的組成偏差。結果,Ag之組成偏差為10%以內。又,利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察此靶,於W 結晶之晶界確認到Ag粒子。繼而,使用此靶進行濺鍍,形成含Ag之鎢薄膜。對所獲得之薄膜,使用與實施例1相同的方法而算出膜之比電阻(Ω.cm)。其結果,相較於不含Ag之情形(比較例1),比電阻降低18%。又,測量面內之比電阻之均勻性(uniformity),得到5%以下之良好結果。
(實施例4)
作為原料粉末,使用純度5以上,平均粒徑2.0μm之W粉末與純度5N以上之Ag塊,以特定之比例摻合,將其使用機械合金化而進行混合。繼而,將此混合粉末填充於碳模具中,在真空環境中加熱至1600℃,以30MPa進行熱壓。藉此,獲得Ag為0.5wt%,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成之燒結體。此時,燒結體密度為99.4%。
將以此方式獲得之燒結體進行切削、研磨等機械加工,製作直徑440mm,厚度3mm之圓盤狀濺鍍靶,調查此靶內之Ag的組成偏差。結果,Ag之組成偏差為10%以內。又,利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察此靶,於W結晶之晶界確認到Ag粒子。繼而,使用此靶進行濺鍍,形成含Ag之鎢薄膜。對所獲得之薄膜,使用與實施例1相同的方法而算出膜之比電阻(Ω.cm)。其結果,相較於不含Ag之情形(比較例1),比電阻降低19%。又,測量面內之比電阻之均勻性(uniformity),得到5%以下之良好結果。
(比較例1)
作為原料粉末,準備純度5以上,平均粒徑2.0μm之W粉末,將其填充於碳模具中,在真空環境中加熱至1800℃,以25MPa進行熱壓。藉此,獲得由W及不可避免之雜質構成之燒結體。此時,燒結體密度為99.2%。繼而,將以此方式獲得之燒結體進行切削、研磨等機械加工,製作直徑 440mm,厚度3mm之圓盤狀濺鍍靶。繼而,使用此靶進行濺鍍,形成鎢薄膜。對所獲得之薄膜,使用與實施例1相同的方法而測量膜之比電阻(Ω.cm)。再者,將比較例1之比電阻作為基準,進行與實施例1之比較。
(比較例2)
作為原料粉末,使用純度5以上,平均粒徑2.0μm之W粉末與純度5N以上,平均粒徑2.0μm之Ag粉末,以特定之比例摻合,將其使用V型混合機而進行混合。繼而,將此混合粉末填充於碳模具中,在真空環境中加熱至1700℃,以30MPa進行熱壓。藉此,獲得Ag為0.05wt%,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成之燒結體。此時,燒結體密度為99.2%。
將以此方式獲得之燒結體進行切削、研磨等機械加工,製作直徑440mm,厚度3mm之圓盤狀濺鍍靶,調查此靶內之Ag的組成偏差。結果,Ag之組成偏差為40%。又,利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察此靶,於W結晶之晶界確認到Ag粒子。繼而,使用此靶進行濺鍍,形成含Ag之鎢薄膜。對所獲得之薄膜,使用與實施例1相同的方法,算出膜之比電阻(Ω.cm)。其結果,相較於不含Ag之情形(比較例1),比電阻降低9%。又,測量出面內之比電阻之均勻性(uniformity)為10%以上。
(比較例3)
作為原料粉末,使用純度5以上,平均粒徑2.0μm之W粉末與純度5N以上,平均粒徑5.0μm之Ag粉末,以特定之比例摻合,將其於球磨機中進行混合。繼而,將此混合粉末填充於碳模具中,在真空環境中加熱至1600℃,以20MPa進行熱壓。藉此,獲得Ag為0.5wt%,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成之燒結體。此時,燒結體密度為99.6%。
將以此方式獲得之燒結體進行切削、研磨等機械加工,製作直徑440mm,厚度3mm之圓盤狀濺鍍靶,調查此靶內之Ag的組成偏差。其結果,Ag之組成偏差為24%。又,利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察此靶,於W結晶之晶界確認到Ag粒子。繼而,使用此靶進行濺鍍,形成含Ag之鎢薄膜。對所獲得之薄膜,使用與實施例1相同的方法,算出膜之比電阻(Ω.cm)。其結果,相較於不含Ag之情形(比較例1),比電阻降低17%,但測量出面內之比電阻之均勻性(uniformity)為10%以上。
(比較例4)
作為原料粉末,使用純度5以上之W塊與純度5N以上之Ag塊,以特定之比例投入爐內進行EB熔解。藉此,獲得Ag為0.05wt%,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成之鑄錠。將以此方式獲得之鑄錠進行切削、研磨等機械加工,製作直徑440mm,厚度3mm之圓盤狀濺鍍靶。然後,利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察此靶,於W結晶之晶界無法確認到Ag粒子。繼而,使用此靶進行濺鍍,形成含Ag之鎢薄膜。對所獲得之薄膜,使用與實施例1相同的方法,算出膜之比電阻(Ω.cm)。其結果,相較於不含Ag之情形(比較例1),未觀察到比電阻之降低。
本發明之濺鍍靶及其製造方法具有如下之優異效果,故對於半導體裝置用薄膜(尤其是閘極)之形成有用:可形成比電阻小,具備良好比電阻的均勻性之膜。

Claims (8)

  1. 一種濺鍍靶,其含有0.01~0.5wt%之Ag,剩餘部份由W及不可避免之雜質構成。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之濺鍍靶,其具有由W之母相與Ag粒子構成之組織,Ag未固溶於W母相中。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之濺鍍靶,其中,Ag之粒子之平均粒徑為0.1~10μm。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第2項之濺鍍靶,其中,Ag粒子之平均粒徑為0.1~10μm。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之濺鍍靶,其中,靶中之Ag的組成偏差為10%以內。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之濺鍍靶,其中,雜質以外之元素之合計之純度為99.999%以上。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項之濺鍍靶,其中,雜質以外之元素之合計之純度為99.999%以上。
  8. 一種濺鍍靶之製造方法,其將平均粒徑為0.1~10μm之W粉末與平均粒徑為0.1~10μm之Ag粉末,以Ag為0.01~0.5wt%,剩餘部份為W及不可避免之雜質之摻合比進行混合,對其以15~30MPa之施加壓力、溫度1600~2000℃進行燒結。
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