US3045331A - Electrical contacts of high arc erosion resistance and method of making the same - Google Patents
Electrical contacts of high arc erosion resistance and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
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- US3045331A US3045331A US824761A US82476159A US3045331A US 3045331 A US3045331 A US 3045331A US 824761 A US824761 A US 824761A US 82476159 A US82476159 A US 82476159A US 3045331 A US3045331 A US 3045331A
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- Prior art keywords
- silver
- contact
- copper
- atomic percent
- density
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper silver Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Ag] YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 or both) Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000754 repressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9265—Special properties
- Y10S428/929—Electrical contact feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
- Y10S75/95—Consolidated metal powder compositions of >95% theoretical density, e.g. wrought
Definitions
- contacts comprising a refractory constituent in the form of tungsten or molybdenum and a high conductivity constituent, such as copper or silver, have been used in the electrical arts for many years and on a very substantial scale.
- the principal advantage of contacts of this type is that they combine the substantial hardness and are erosion characteristics of the refractory metal with the high heat and electrical conductivity of the high conductivity metal.
- contacts of the described character have been made principally by one of two methods. 'In the first method, the powders of the pure metals have been mixed with each other and pressed into compacts. The pressed compacts have been sintered and then repressed or coined to increase the hardness and the density of the finished product.
- the other method comprised pressing porous compacts from the powder of the refractory metal, sintering the porous pressed refractory compacts, and subsequently infiltrating the low-melting metal of high conductivity by heat.
- the invention also contemplates a method of making electrical contacts of the described type by pressing and sintering co-reduced particles of the elementary metals.
- the invention is directed to novel and improved materials for electrical contact and welding electrode applications made by a method involving the simple pressing and sintering technique, thereby eliminating the waste and cost involved in the conventional impregnation or infiltration process.
- the broad range of compositions contemplated by the invention comprises at least 48 atomic percent of copper, 0.5 to 5 atomic percent of silver, and molybdenum or tungsten, or both, making up the remainder.
- the method used in the preparation of powder mixes and the addition of small amounts of silver make it possible to press and sinter compacts to at least 95% of the theoretical density which possess excellent physical and electrical properties.
- Copper is an excellent conductor but as a contact material it must be reinforced with molybdenum, tungsten, or both, to yield desirable properties suitable for medium to heavy duty electrical applications. It has been found that to achieve high density by a simple pressing and sintering technique, including a single pressing and sintering operation, the addition of a small amount of silver is required. Silver in solid solution in copper serves as a densifier in the sense that it changes the surface energy of the matrix, enhances wettability and prevents copper bleeding during sintering. Also, there is a slight solubility of molybdenum in silver at elevated temperatures, as high as 5.6 atomic percent molybdenum in silver-at 1600 C. The addition of silver in amounts larger than 5 atomic percent is not desirable because of the formation of a low melting copper-silver eutectic.
- the starting materials are suitable oxides of the constituent metals, with the possible exception of silver, which may be used in the metallic form.
- the refractory oxide (M00 or M00 or tungstic oxide, or both), cuprous oxide and silver powder are thoroughly blended in the desired proportions and co-reduced.
- the co-reduction procedure is carried out in a dry reducing atmosphere, such as cracked ammonia with a dew point of -40 F., or lower.
- Reduction temperature and time can be varied from 800 C. to 1100 C. and 20 to minutes to obtain complete reduction and proper Fisher average particle size (FAPS).
- FAPS Fisher average particle size
- the desirable average particle size ranges for making the three compositions listed in the foregoing are as follows:
- the pressed densities may vary from 45 to of the theoretical densities. 11f lubricants or binders are added to the powders to facilitate automatic pressing operations, the pressed parts should be given a presintering treatment to drive off the additives prior to final sintering. Presintering tempera- 3 tures lower than 500 C. and time at heat of about /2 hour are suflicient to serve this purpose.
- the sintering operation is carried out in a dry reducing atmosphere, such as cracked ammonia with a dew point of 40 F., at temperatures-from 1200-1400 C. for a time period of /2 to 1 /2 hours.
- a dry reducing atmosphere such as cracked ammonia with a dew point of 40 F.
- higher sintering temperatures in the range just given are used.
- the single most important criterion to determine the proper sintering procedure is the sintered density, which must be at least 95% of the theoretical density.
- the following table summarizes the physical and electrical properties of the three preferred contact compositions of the invention.
- The are erosion tests under oil and in air were carried out under a load of 1400 amperes and 240 volts at a 70% power factor. It will be noted that the properties of the new materials compare very favorably'with those of a conventional copper-tungsten contact composition made by the impregnation process and also listed in the table, which is a widely used arcing contact material.
- the present invention provides a number of important advantages.
- the contact compositions of the invention may be manufactured by the pressing and sintering technique, without requiring repressing or coining operations.
- This technique is considerably simpler and less expensive than the conventional procedures, particularly the conventional impregnation process, which was relatively expensive and resulted in considerable waste of material.
- the present invention also provides considerable cost saving in raw materials. This cost saving is realized [from the use of 'less expensive starting materials, the oxides. Additional savings can be obtained by using compositions embodying the invention, which are high in copper and molybdenum contents.
- a pressed and sintered electrical contact having a density at least 95% of the theoretical density composed of at least 48 atomic percent of copper, between 0.5 and 5 atomic percent of silver, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten constituting the remainder, said contact being free from infiltrated constituents and from the fragility and brittleness characteristic of contacts having similar composition but containing no silver.
- a pressed and sintered electrical contact having a density at least 95 of the theoretical density composed of :at least 48 atomic percent of copper, between 0.5 and 5 atomic percent of silver, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten constituting the remainder, said contact having characteristics as are obtained by pressing and sintering co-reduced compounds of the constituent metals in the absence of infiltration and being free from the fragility and brittleness of contacts having similar composition but containing no silver.
- a pressed and sintered electrical contact having a density at least 95% of the theoretical density composed of 68 to 72 atomic percent of copper, 0.5 to 1.5 atomic percent of silver, and molybdenum constituting the balance said contact being free from infiltrated constituents and from the fragility and brittleness characteristic of contacts having similar composition but containing no silver.
- a pressed and sintered electrical contact having a density at least 95 of the theoretical density composed of 48 to 52 atomic percent of copper, 0.5 to 1.5 atomic percent of silver, and tungsten constituting the balance, said contact being free from infiltrated constituents and from the fragility and biittleness characteristic of contacts having similar composition but containing no silver.
- a pressed and sintered contact having a density at least 95% of the theoretical density composed of 68 to 72 atomic percent of copper, 0.5 to 1.5 atomic percent of silver, 13 to 16 atomic percent of molybdenum, and tungsten constituting the balance, said contact being free from infiltrated constituents and from the fragility and brittleness characteristic of contacts having similar composition but containing no silver.
Description
United States Patent O 3,045,331 ELECTRICAL CONTACTS OF HIGH ARC EROSION SRESANETANCl3) AND METHOD OF MAKING THE Choh-Yi Aug, Indianapolis, and Eugene W. Burkhammer, Zionsville, Ind., assignors to P. R. Mallory & (10., Inc., Indianapolis, Ind., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed June 26, 1959, Ser. No. 824,761 5 Claims. (Cl. 29182) This invention relates to materials for electrical contact and welding electrode applications, and, more particularly, to electrical contacts having high resistance to arc erosion and'to a method of making the same.
Electrical contacts comprising a refractory constituent in the form of tungsten or molybdenum and a high conductivity constituent, such as copper or silver, have been used in the electrical arts for many years and on a very substantial scale. The principal advantage of contacts of this type is that they combine the substantial hardness and are erosion characteristics of the refractory metal with the high heat and electrical conductivity of the high conductivity metal. Heretofore, contacts of the described character have been made principally by one of two methods. 'In the first method, the powders of the pure metals have been mixed with each other and pressed into compacts. The pressed compacts have been sintered and then repressed or coined to increase the hardness and the density of the finished product. The other method comprised pressing porous compacts from the powder of the refractory metal, sintering the porous pressed refractory compacts, and subsequently infiltrating the low-melting metal of high conductivity by heat.
Considerable difiiculty has been experienced with both of the above conventional methods. The press-sinterrepress method generally resulted in insuflicient density for good physical properties and contact performance. The infiltration method was tedious, difiicult to carry out on a quantity production scale and increased manufacturing costs considerably. In most cases, it was difiicult to obtain complete absorption of the high conductivity metal in the porous body of refractory metal and, in the case of intricate shapes, it was practically impossible.
It has been discovered that the foregoing difficulties may be eliminated in a remarkably simple manner.
It is an object of the present invention to improve electrical contacts.
It is another object of the present invention to provide pressed and sintered contacts characterized by high density and high are erosion resistance.
It is also within contemplation of the invention to provide a novel and improved pressed and sintered contact composed of copper, silver, and at least one of the refractory metals molybdenum and tungsten.
The invention also contemplates a method of making electrical contacts of the described type by pressing and sintering co-reduced particles of the elementary metals.
Other and further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Broadly stated, the invention is directed to novel and improved materials for electrical contact and welding electrode applications made by a method involving the simple pressing and sintering technique, thereby eliminating the waste and cost involved in the conventional impregnation or infiltration process. The broad range of compositions contemplated by the invention comprises at least 48 atomic percent of copper, 0.5 to 5 atomic percent of silver, and molybdenum or tungsten, or both, making up the remainder. The method used in the preparation of powder mixes and the addition of small amounts of silver make it possible to press and sinter compacts to at least 95% of the theoretical density which possess excellent physical and electrical properties.
Within the above-mentioned broad range, there are three preferred ranges, which provide excellent results. These preferred ranges are:
Copper is an excellent conductor but as a contact material it must be reinforced with molybdenum, tungsten, or both, to yield desirable properties suitable for medium to heavy duty electrical applications. It has been found that to achieve high density by a simple pressing and sintering technique, including a single pressing and sintering operation, the addition of a small amount of silver is required. Silver in solid solution in copper serves as a densifier in the sense that it changes the surface energy of the matrix, enhances wettability and prevents copper bleeding during sintering. Also, there is a slight solubility of molybdenum in silver at elevated temperatures, as high as 5.6 atomic percent molybdenum in silver-at 1600 C. The addition of silver in amounts larger than 5 atomic percent is not desirable because of the formation of a low melting copper-silver eutectic.
'In the manufacture of the contact compositions of the invention, the starting materials are suitable oxides of the constituent metals, with the possible exception of silver, which may be used in the metallic form. The refractory oxide (M00 or M00 or tungstic oxide, or both), cuprous oxide and silver powder are thoroughly blended in the desired proportions and co-reduced. The co-reduction procedure is carried out in a dry reducing atmosphere, such as cracked ammonia with a dew point of -40 F., or lower. Reduction temperature and time can be varied from 800 C. to 1100 C. and 20 to minutes to obtain complete reduction and proper Fisher average particle size (FAPS). For composition No. 2 (copper-silvertungsten), reduction is carried out in two stages, 30 minutes at 800 C. and 45 minutes at 900 C. The desirable average particle size ranges for making the three compositions listed in the foregoing are as follows:
(1) CuAg-Mo FAPS-S to 8 microns (2) CuAgW FAPS1 to 3 microns (3) Cu-AgMoW FAPS-Z to 5 microns' function of pressing pressure and powder characteristics. For the three preferred compositions, the pressed densities may vary from 45 to of the theoretical densities. 11f lubricants or binders are added to the powders to facilitate automatic pressing operations, the pressed parts should be given a presintering treatment to drive off the additives prior to final sintering. Presintering tempera- 3 tures lower than 500 C. and time at heat of about /2 hour are suflicient to serve this purpose.
The sintering operation is carried out in a dry reducing atmosphere, such as cracked ammonia with a dew point of 40 F., at temperatures-from 1200-1400 C. for a time period of /2 to 1 /2 hours. For composition No. 2, higher sintering temperatures in the range just given are used. The single most important criterion to determine the proper sintering procedure is the sintered density, which must be at least 95% of the theoretical density.
The following table summarizes the physical and electrical properties of the three preferred contact compositions of the invention. The are erosion tests under oil and in air were carried out under a load of 1400 amperes and 240 volts at a 70% power factor. It will be noted that the properties of the new materials compare very favorably'with those of a conventional copper-tungsten contact composition made by the impregnation process and also listed in the table, which is a widely used arcing contact material.
TABLE I Comparison of Properties of Compositions of the Invention and Those of Conventional Contact Material Material l 2 3 Conventional Nominal Composition in atom percent (Weight percent in parentheses) 1(0. 9) 1(1. ii 14. (16. 3) V 49(73. 3) 14. 5(31. 2) 42. 2(68) Nominal Density, g./cc. (Percent Theoretical Density in areutheses) 9. 3(99. 0) 14. 1(95. 6) 10. 5(95. 5) 14. 0(99. 5) Her ess, Rn 7378 92-98 82-90 85-92 Conductivity, percent A IAJS.i 1 6 46-47 38-40 3841 31-38 rc res on, .10,. Me. 0.1 gg; ggg 3- 3g 3- g in Air. Av. Ultimate Strength, p.s.i 53, 000 93, 000 49, 000 68, 000 Av. percent Elongation in 1" 3. 4 1.0 1. l Broke outside gage marks. Av. Modulus of Rupture, psi 112,000 153,000 62,000 120,000
It is to be observed that the present invention provides a number of important advantages. First of all, the contact compositions of the invention may be manufactured by the pressing and sintering technique, without requiring repressing or coining operations. This technique is considerably simpler and less expensive than the conventional procedures, particularly the conventional impregnation process, which was relatively expensive and resulted in considerable waste of material. In addition to eliminating the material waste involved in the impregnation technique now principally used to make conventional copper or silver infiltrated refractory (tungsten or molybdenum) contacts, the present invention also provides considerable cost saving in raw materials. This cost saving is realized [from the use of 'less expensive starting materials, the oxides. Additional savings can be obtained by using compositions embodying the invention, which are high in copper and molybdenum contents.
It is further to be noted that the method used in the preparation of powder mixes and the addition of small amounts of silver make it possible to press and sinter compacts to at least of the theoretical density which possess excellent physical and electrical properties. Due to their high resistance to arc erosion under oil and in air, these materials are most suitable for use as medium to heavy duty arcing contacts, welding electrodes, or in other applications where high electrical requirements have to be met.
Although the present invention has been disclosed in connection with a few preferred embodiments thereof, variations and modifications may be resorted to by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention. All of these variations and modifications are considered to be within the true spirit and scope of the present invention, as disclosed in the foregoing description and defined by the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A pressed and sintered electrical contact having a density at least 95% of the theoretical density composed of at least 48 atomic percent of copper, between 0.5 and 5 atomic percent of silver, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten constituting the remainder, said contact being free from infiltrated constituents and from the fragility and brittleness characteristic of contacts having similar composition but containing no silver.
2. A pressed and sintered electrical contact having a density at least 95 of the theoretical density composed of :at least 48 atomic percent of copper, between 0.5 and 5 atomic percent of silver, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten constituting the remainder, said contact having characteristics as are obtained by pressing and sintering co-reduced compounds of the constituent metals in the absence of infiltration and being free from the fragility and brittleness of contacts having similar composition but containing no silver.
3. A pressed and sintered electrical contact having a density at least 95% of the theoretical density composed of 68 to 72 atomic percent of copper, 0.5 to 1.5 atomic percent of silver, and molybdenum constituting the balance said contact being free from infiltrated constituents and from the fragility and brittleness characteristic of contacts having similar composition but containing no silver.
4. A pressed and sintered electrical contact having a density at least 95 of the theoretical density composed of 48 to 52 atomic percent of copper, 0.5 to 1.5 atomic percent of silver, and tungsten constituting the balance, said contact being free from infiltrated constituents and from the fragility and biittleness characteristic of contacts having similar composition but containing no silver.
5. A pressed and sintered contact having a density at least 95% of the theoretical density composed of 68 to 72 atomic percent of copper, 0.5 to 1.5 atomic percent of silver, 13 to 16 atomic percent of molybdenum, and tungsten constituting the balance, said contact being free from infiltrated constituents and from the fragility and brittleness characteristic of contacts having similar composition but containing no silver.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,807,581 Bates June 2, 1931 2,156,802 Cooper May 2, 1939 2,162,380 Doty et al. June 13, 1939 2,227,446 Briggs et al. Jan. 8, 1941 2,283,859 Laleatos et al. May 19, 1942 2,295,334 Clark et a1 Sept. 8, 1942
Claims (1)
1. A PRESSED AND SINTERED ELECTRICAL CONTACT HAVING A DENSITY AT LEAST 95% OF THE THEORETICAL DENSITY COMPOSED OF AT LEAST 48 ATOMIC PERCENT OF COPPER, BETWEEN 0.5 AND 5 ATOMIC PERCENT SILVER, AND AT LEAST ONE METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN CONSTITUTING THE REMAINDER, SAID CONTACT BEING FREE FROM INFILTRATED CONSTITUENTS AND FROM THE FRAGILITY AND BRITTLENESS CHARACTERISTIC OF CONTACTS HAVING SIMILAR COMPOSITION BUT CONTAINING NO SILVER.
Priority Applications (1)
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US824761A US3045331A (en) | 1959-06-26 | 1959-06-26 | Electrical contacts of high arc erosion resistance and method of making the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US824761A US3045331A (en) | 1959-06-26 | 1959-06-26 | Electrical contacts of high arc erosion resistance and method of making the same |
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US3045331A true US3045331A (en) | 1962-07-24 |
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US824761A Expired - Lifetime US3045331A (en) | 1959-06-26 | 1959-06-26 | Electrical contacts of high arc erosion resistance and method of making the same |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3208846A (en) * | 1960-02-09 | 1965-09-28 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Spark machining electrode |
US3401024A (en) * | 1965-10-04 | 1968-09-10 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electrical contact material |
US3607248A (en) * | 1968-12-04 | 1971-09-21 | Tyler Inc W S | Strengthening mechanism for copper base alloys |
US3659130A (en) * | 1970-02-04 | 1972-04-25 | Olin Corp | Electrical commutator |
US4396420A (en) * | 1979-07-21 | 1983-08-02 | Dornier System Gmbh | Process for making Ag powder with oxides |
US4942076A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-07-17 | Micro Substrates, Inc. | Ceramic substrate with metal filled via holes for hybrid microcircuits and method of making the same |
US5470373A (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-11-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Oxidation resistant copper |
US6144006A (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 2000-11-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method of making and/or using copper based electrodes to spot-weld aluminum |
KR20170046723A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-05-02 | 제이엑스금속주식회사 | Tungsten sputtering target and method for producing same |
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US1807581A (en) * | 1931-06-02 | Electrical contact terminal | ||
US2156802A (en) * | 1934-03-07 | 1939-05-02 | Cooper Products Inc | Method of making lead alloys |
US2162380A (en) * | 1938-08-06 | 1939-06-13 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Metal composition |
US2227446A (en) * | 1939-02-13 | 1941-01-07 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Contact alloys |
US2283859A (en) * | 1939-12-09 | 1942-05-19 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetic contact structure |
US2295334A (en) * | 1939-07-15 | 1942-09-08 | Frances H Clark | Metallurgy of ferrous metals |
-
1959
- 1959-06-26 US US824761A patent/US3045331A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1807581A (en) * | 1931-06-02 | Electrical contact terminal | ||
US2156802A (en) * | 1934-03-07 | 1939-05-02 | Cooper Products Inc | Method of making lead alloys |
US2162380A (en) * | 1938-08-06 | 1939-06-13 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Metal composition |
US2227446A (en) * | 1939-02-13 | 1941-01-07 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Contact alloys |
US2295334A (en) * | 1939-07-15 | 1942-09-08 | Frances H Clark | Metallurgy of ferrous metals |
US2283859A (en) * | 1939-12-09 | 1942-05-19 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetic contact structure |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3208846A (en) * | 1960-02-09 | 1965-09-28 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Spark machining electrode |
US3401024A (en) * | 1965-10-04 | 1968-09-10 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electrical contact material |
US3607248A (en) * | 1968-12-04 | 1971-09-21 | Tyler Inc W S | Strengthening mechanism for copper base alloys |
US3659130A (en) * | 1970-02-04 | 1972-04-25 | Olin Corp | Electrical commutator |
US4396420A (en) * | 1979-07-21 | 1983-08-02 | Dornier System Gmbh | Process for making Ag powder with oxides |
US4942076A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-07-17 | Micro Substrates, Inc. | Ceramic substrate with metal filled via holes for hybrid microcircuits and method of making the same |
US5470373A (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-11-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Oxidation resistant copper |
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