TWI640115B - 有機發光裝置 - Google Patents
有機發光裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI640115B TWI640115B TW106122615A TW106122615A TWI640115B TW I640115 B TWI640115 B TW I640115B TW 106122615 A TW106122615 A TW 106122615A TW 106122615 A TW106122615 A TW 106122615A TW I640115 B TWI640115 B TW I640115B
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- chemical formula
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000006819 (C2-60) heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitramide Chemical compound N[N+]([O-])=O SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 201
- -1 triethylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 41
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 26
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 20
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 4
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylthiophene Chemical compound CC=1C=CSC=1 QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABRVLXLNVJHDRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-pyridin-3-yl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methanamine Chemical compound FC(C1=CC(=CC(=N1)C=1C=NC=CC=1)CN)(F)F ABRVLXLNVJHDRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000320 amidine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005018 aryl alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[h]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005241 heteroarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 2
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-HYXAFXHYSA-N (z)-pent-2-ene Chemical compound CC\C=C/C QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-HYXAFXHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004973 1-butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006218 1-ethylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006023 1-pentenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZVFJWYZMQAEBMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzo[h]quinolin-10-one Chemical compound C1=CNC2=C3C(=O)C=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 ZVFJWYZMQAEBMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006176 2-ethylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006024 2-pentenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VTNULXUEOJMRKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-(aminomethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy-N-(2H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)benzamide Chemical compound N=1NN=NC=1CNC(C1=CC(=CC=C1)OC1=NC(=CC(=C1)CN)C(F)(F)F)=O VTNULXUEOJMRKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAEQAUJYNHQVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-(aminomethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy-N-phenylbenzamide Chemical compound NCC1=CC(=NC(=C1)C(F)(F)F)OC=1C=C(C(=O)NC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC=1 HAEQAUJYNHQVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006027 3-methyl-1-butenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QPCXTXXNVNTTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QPCXTXXNVNTTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004920 4-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(CC(C)*)C 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005725 8-Hydroxyquinoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZKIRKYGCBPVJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-fluorene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1(=C(C(=C(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O RZKIRKYGCBPVJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIPRMPRBQSJVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=O)C)(=O)O.C(C)(=N)N Chemical group C(C(=O)C)(=O)O.C(C)(=N)N ZIPRMPRBQSJVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HAQFCILFQVZOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-9,10-dione;methane Chemical compound C.C.C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 HAQFCILFQVZOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001691 aryl alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229950011260 betanaphthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- IURRXCRWRKQLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound [Cu].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 IURRXCRWRKQLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004210 cyclohexylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004851 cyclopentylmethyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC1)C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004988 dibenzothienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=C(C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SFYLVTNFLRJWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-1-imine Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC(=N)C3=CC2=C1 SFYLVTNFLRJWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005524 hole trap Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- SKEDXQSRJSUMRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound [Li].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 SKEDXQSRJSUMRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AMTZBMRZYODPHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese;quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound [Mn].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 AMTZBMRZYODPHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical group [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004592 phthalazinyl group Chemical group C1(=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/61—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton with at least one of the condensed ring systems formed by three or more rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/865—Intermediate layers comprising a mixture of materials of the adjoining active layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
- H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
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Abstract
本發明提供一種驅動電壓、效率及壽命得到改良的有機發光裝置。
Description
[相關申請案的交叉參考]
本申請案主張於2016年9月6日在韓國智慧財產局提出申請的韓國專利申請案第10-2016-0114284號的權利,所述韓國專利申請案的揭露內容全文併入本案供參考。
本發明是有關於一種驅動電壓、效率及壽命得到改良的有機發光裝置。
一般而言,有機發光現像是指使用有機材料將電能轉換成光能的現象。利用有機發光現象的有機發光裝置具有例如視角寬、對比度優異、響應時間快、亮度、驅動電壓及響應速度優異等特性,且因此已進行了諸多研究。
有機發光裝置一般具有包括陽極、陰極以及夾置於所述陽極與所述陰極之間的有機材料層的結構。有機材料層常常具有包含不同材料的多層式結構以增強有機發光裝置的效率及穩定性,且舉例而言,有機材料層可由電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、發光層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層等形成。在有機發光裝置的結構中,若在兩個電極之間施加電壓,則電洞會自陽極注入至有機材
料層且電子會自陰極注入至有機材料層,且當所注入的電洞與電子彼此相遇時,形成激子(exciton),並且當所述激子再次落至基態時發出光。
在有機發光裝置領域中,持續需要開發一種驅動電壓、效率、及壽命得到改良的有機發光裝置。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
(專利文獻1)韓國專利公開案第10-2000-0051826號
本發明是有關於一種驅動電壓、效率及壽命得到改良的有機發光裝置。
本發明提供一種以下有機發光裝置:一種以下有機發光裝置,包括第一電極;電洞傳輸層;第一發光層;第二發光層;電子傳輸層;及第二電極,其中所述第一發光層包含1-1主體及1-2主體,所述第二發光層包含2-1主體及2-2主體,所述電洞傳輸層包含與所述1-1主體相同的材料,且所述1-2主體與所述2-1主體為相同的材料。
此外,本發明提供的有機發光裝置更包括位於所述第二發光層與所述電子傳輸層之間的第三發光層,其中所述第三發光
層包含3-1主體及3-2主體,且所述1-2主體、所述2-1主體及所述3-1主體為相同的材料。
上述有機發光裝置具有優異的驅動電壓、效率及壽命。
1‧‧‧基板
2‧‧‧陽極
3‧‧‧電洞傳輸層
4‧‧‧第一發光層
5‧‧‧第二發光層
6‧‧‧電子傳輸層
7‧‧‧陰極
8‧‧‧第三發光層
圖1示出有機發光裝置的實例,所述有機發光裝置包括基板(1)、陽極(2)、電洞傳輸層(3)、第一發光層(4)、第二發光層(5)、電子傳輸層(6)及陰極(7)。
圖2示出有機發光裝置的實例,所述有機發光裝置包括基板(1)、陽極(2)、電洞傳輸層(3)、第一發光層(4)、第二發光層(5)、第三發光層(8)、電子傳輸層(6)及陰極(7)。
以下,將更詳細地闡述本發明以幫助理解本發明。
在本發明中,意指連接至另一取代基的鍵。
本文所用的用語「經取代或未經取代的」意指選自由以下組成的群組中的一或多個取代基經取代或未經取代:氘;鹵素基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基;胺基;氧化膦基;烷氧基;芳氧基;烷基硫氧基;芳基硫氧基;烷基磺酸氧基;芳基磺酸氧基;矽烷基;硼基;烷基;環烷基;烯基;芳基;芳烷基;芳烯基;烷基芳基;烷基胺基;芳烷基胺基;雜芳基胺基;芳基胺基;芳基膦基;或包含N原子、O原子及S原子中的至少
一者的雜環基,抑或連接有所例示取代基中的二或更多個取代基的取代基經取代或未經取代。舉例而言,用語「連接有二或更多個取代基的取代基」可為聯苯基。亦即,聯苯基可為芳基,或者可被解釋為連接有兩個苯基的取代基。
在本發明中,羰基中的碳原子的數目無特別限制,但較佳為1至40個。具體而言,羰基可為由以下結構表示的化合物,但並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,酯基的氧可被直鏈、支鏈、具有1至25個碳原子的環狀烷基或具有6至25個碳原子的芳基取代。具體而言,酯基可為由以下結構表示的化合物,但並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,醯亞胺基中的碳原子的數目無特別限制,
但較佳為1至25個。具體而言,醯亞胺基可為由以下結構表示的化合物,但並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,矽烷基具體而言包括三甲基矽烷基、三乙基矽烷基、第三丁基二甲基矽烷基、乙烯基二甲基矽烷基、丙基二甲基矽烷基、三苯基矽烷基、二苯基矽烷基、苯基矽烷基等,但並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,硼基具體而言包括三甲基硼基、三乙基硼基、第三丁基二甲基硼基、三苯基硼基及苯基硼基等,但並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,鹵素基的實例包括氟、氯、溴或碘。
在本發明中,烷基可為直鏈或支鏈,且其碳原子的數目無特別限制,但較佳為1至40個。根據一個實施例,烷基具有1至20個碳原子。根據另一實施例,烷基具有1至10個碳原子。根據另一實施例,烷基具有1至6個碳原子。烷基的具體實例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、正丙基、異丙基、丁基、正丁基、異丁基、
第三丁基、第二丁基、1-甲基-丁基、1-乙基-丁基、戊基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、第三戊基、己基、正己基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、4-甲基-2-戊基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、庚基、正庚基、1-甲基己基、環戊基甲基、環己基甲基、辛基、正辛基、第三辛基、1-甲基庚基、2-乙基己基、2-丙基戊基、正壬基、2,2-二甲基庚基、1-乙基-丙基、1,1-二甲基-丙基、異己基、2-甲基戊基、4-甲基己基、5-甲基己基等,但並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,烯基可為直鏈或支鏈,且其碳原子的數目無特別限制,但較佳為2至40個。根據一個實施例,烯基具有2至20個碳原子。根據另一實施例,烯基具有2至10個碳原子。根據另一實施例,烯基具有2至6個碳原子。其具體實例包括乙烯基、1-丙烯基、異丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、1,3-丁二烯基、烯丙基、1-苯基乙烯-1-基、2-苯基乙烯-1-基、2,2-二苯基乙烯-1-基、2-苯基-2-(萘-1-基)乙烯-1-基、2,2-雙(二苯-1-基)乙烯-1-基、二苯乙烯基、苯乙烯基等,但並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,環烷基無特別限制,但其碳原子的數目較佳為3至60個。根據一個實施例,環烷基具有3至30個碳原子。根據另一實施例,環烷基具有3至20個碳原子。根據另一實施例,環烷基具有3至6個碳原子。其具體實例包括環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、3-甲基環戊基、2,3-二甲基環戊基、環己基、3-甲基環己基、4-甲基環己基、2,3-二甲基環己基、3,4,5-三甲基環己基、4-
第三丁基環己基、環庚基、環辛基等,但並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,芳基無特別限制,但較佳地具有6至60個碳原子,且可為單環芳基或多環芳基。根據一個實施例,芳基具有6至30個碳原子。根據一個實施例,芳基具有6至20個碳原子。芳基可為苯基、聯苯基、三聯苯基等作為單環芳基,但並非僅限於此。多環芳基的實例包括萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、苝基、基及茀基等,但並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,茀基可經取代,且兩個取代基可鍵接至彼此以形成螺環結構。在茀基經取代的情形中,可形成
等。然而,上述並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,雜環基可為包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者作為雜原子的雜環基,且其碳原子的數目無特別限制,但較佳為2至60個。雜環基的實例包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、聯吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、吖啶基、噠嗪基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹噁啉基、酞嗪基、吡啶並嘧啶基、吡啶並吡嗪基、吡嗪並吡嗪基、異喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯並噁唑基、苯並咪唑基、苯並噻唑基、苯並咔唑基、苯並噻吩基、二苯並噻吩基、苯並呋喃
基、啡啉基、異噁唑基、噻二唑基、啡噻嗪基、二苯並呋喃基等,但並非僅限於此。
在本發明中,芳烷基、芳烯基、烷基芳基及芳基胺基中的芳基與芳基的上述實例相同。在本發明中,芳烷基、烷基芳基及烷基胺基中的烷基與烷基的上述實例相同。在本發明中,雜芳基胺基中的雜芳基可應用於雜環基的上述說明。在本發明中,芳烯基中的烯基與烯基的上述實例相同。在本發明中,除伸芳基為二價基以外,可應用芳基的上述說明。在本發明中,除伸雜芳基為二價基以外,可應用雜環基的上述說明。在本發明中,除烴環不是單價基而是藉由將兩個取代基進行組合而形成以外,可應用芳基或環烷基的上述說明。在本發明中,除雜環不是單價基而是藉由將兩個取代基進行組合而形成以外,可應用雜環基的上述說明。
本發明提供一種以下有機發光裝置:一種有機發光裝置,包括第一電極;電洞傳輸層;第一發光層;第二發光層;電子傳輸層;及第二電極,其中所述第一發光層包含1-1主體及1-2主體,所述第二發光層包含2-1主體及2-2主體,所述電洞傳輸層包含與所述1-1主體相同的材料,且所述1-2主體與所述2-1主體為相同的材料。
根據本發明的有機發光裝置的特徵在於,所述有機發光裝置可藉由對包含於電洞傳輸層及發光層中的材料進行控制來控
制各層之間的能級,從而改良驅動電壓、效率及壽命。
以下,將針對每一組件詳細地闡述本發明。
第一電極及第二電極
本發明中所述的第一電極及第二電極是用於有機發光裝置中的電極。舉例而言,第一電極是陽極且第二電極是陰極,抑或第一電極是陰極且第二電極是陽極。
作為陽極材料,一般而言,較佳地使用具有大的功函數的材料以使得可將電洞平穩地注入至有機材料層中。陽極材料的具體實例包括:金屬,例如釩、鉻、銅、鋅及金、或其合金;金屬氧化物,例如氧化鋅、氧化銦、氧化銦錫(indium tin oxide,ITO)及氧化銦鋅(indium zinc oxide,IZO);金屬與氧化物的組合,例如ZnO:Al或SnO2:Sb;導電聚合物,例如聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚[3,4-(乙烯-1,2-二氧基)噻吩](poly[3,4-(ethylene-1,2-dioxy)thiophene],PEDOT)、聚吡咯及聚苯胺等,但並非僅限於此。
作為陰極材料,一般而言,較佳地使用具有小的功函數的材料以使得可將電子輕易地注入至有機材料層中。陰極材料的具體實例包括:金屬,例如鎂、鈣、鈉、鉀、鈦、銦、釔、鋰、釓、鋁、銀、錫及鉛,或其合金;多層式結構材料,例如LiF/Al或LiO2/Al等,但並非僅限於此。
此外,在陽極上可更包括電洞注入層。電洞注入層是由電洞注入材料製成,且電洞注入材料較佳為以下化合物:所述化合物具有傳輸電洞的能力、在陽極中具有電洞注入效果及對發光
層或發光材料具有優異的電洞注入效果,防止在發光層中產生的激子移動至電子注入層或電子注入材料,且具有優異的薄膜形成能力。
較佳地,電洞注入材料的最高佔用分子軌域(highest occupied molecular orbital,HOMO)處於陽極材料的功函數與外圍有機材料層的最高佔用分子軌域之間。電洞注入材料的具體實例包括金屬卟啉(porphyrin)、寡聚噻吩、芳胺系有機材料、六腈六氮雜苯並菲系有機材料、喹吖啶酮(quinacridone)系有機材料、苝(perylene)系有機材料、蒽醌、聚苯胺及聚噻吩系導電聚合物等,但並非僅限於此。
另外,在第一電極與電洞傳輸層之間及/或在第二電極與電子傳輸層之間,可更包括有機層。所述有機層亦包括發光層。
電洞傳輸層、第一發光層、第二發光層
本發明的電洞傳輸層是自形成於陽極中或陽極上的電洞注入層接收電洞且將電洞傳輸至發光層的層。對於電洞傳輸材料,適宜為可自陽極或電洞注入層接收電洞且將電洞傳輸至發光層的材料、具有大的電洞遷移率的材料。
具體而言,在本發明的有機發光裝置中,較佳地電洞傳輸層與第一發光層彼此接觸,且使用與包含於第一發光層中的1-1主體相同的材料作為電洞傳輸材料。
當如在本發明的有機發光裝置中般設置多個發光層時,位於陽極側上的第一發光層充當用於將電洞注入至第二發光層的
電洞傳輸層。為了將電洞移動至第二發光層,應無任何損耗地傳輸來自陽極的電洞。為此,較佳地,構成第一發光層的主體的材料中的一種材料是由與包含於電洞傳輸層中的材料相同的材料製成。在此種情形中,電洞傳輸層與第一發光層之間的介面電阻(interface resistance)可減小,電洞可更容易引入至第一發光層,且傳輸至第二發光層的電洞的量可增加,藉此一般會提高有機發光裝置的發光效率且防止驅動電壓增大。此外,藉由使用具有優異電洞傳輸性質的材料作為第一發光層的主體中的一者,第一發光層自身的電洞傳輸性質可得以改良。此外,由於第一發光層的摻雜劑提供足以用於執行電洞陷阱(hole trap)的電洞量,因此可提供用於提高第一發光層及第二發光層中的發光效率所必需的足夠的電洞。
作為電洞傳輸材料及1-1主體,可使用由以下化學式1表示的化合物:
在化學式1中,
R1與R2分別獨立地為氫;氘;鹵素;腈基;硝基;胺基;經取代或未經取代的C1-60烷基;經取代或未經取代的C3-60環烷基;經取代或未經取代的C2-60烯基;經取代或未經取代的C6-60芳基;或者包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者的經取代或未經取代的C2-60雜環基,L1與L2分別獨立地為鍵、或者經取代或未經取代的C6-60伸芳基,且Ar1與Ar2分別獨立地為經取代或未經取代的C6-60芳基;或者包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者的經取代或未經取代的C2-60雜芳基。
較佳地,R1與R2分別獨立地為經取代或未經取代的C1-60烷基,且更佳為甲基。
較佳地,L1與L2分別獨立地為鍵或伸苯基。
較佳地,Ar1與Ar2分別獨立地為聯苯基、、或。更佳地,Ar1為聯苯基,且Ar2為或
較佳地,所述由化學式1表示的化合物可為選自由以下組成的群組中的任一者:
所述由化學式1表示的化合物可如以下反應式1來製備:[反應式1]
(在反應式1中,R1、R2、L1、L2、Ar1及Ar2與在化學式1中所定義者相同)。
具體而言,可藉由包括以下步驟的製程來製備所述由化學式1表示的化合物:使由化學式1-1'表示的化合物與由化學式1-2"表示的化合物反應。在以下實例中將更具體地闡述所述製備方法。
作為另一選擇,作為電洞傳輸材料及1-1主體,可使用由以下化學式1'表示的化合物:
在化學式1'中,R3與R4分別獨立地為氫;氘;鹵素;腈基;硝基;胺基;經取代或未經取代的C1-60烷基;經取代或未經取代的C3-60環烷基;
經取代或未經取代的C2-60烯基;經取代或未經取代的C6-60芳基;或者包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者的經取代或未經取代的C2-60雜環基,L3為鍵、或者經取代或未經取代的C6-60伸芳基,且Ar3與Ar4分別獨立地為經取代或未經取代的C6-60芳基;或者包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者的經取代或未經取代的C2-60雜芳基。
較佳地,R3及R4為氫。
較佳地,L3為伸聯苯基。
較佳地,Ar3及Ar4為聯苯基。
較佳地,所述由化學式1'表示的化合物可為以下化合物:
在以下實例中將更具體地闡述所述化合物的製備方法。
此外,除電洞傳輸材料與包含於第一發光層中的1-1主體相同的事實以外,包含於第一發光層中的1-2主體與包含於第二發光層中的2-1主體亦相同。亦即,依序積層電洞傳輸層、第一發光層及第二發光層,且包含於第一發光層中的1-2主體與包含
於第二發光層中的2-1主體使用同一種材料。
如上所述,由於第一發光層包含與電洞傳輸層相同的材料,因此可將電洞充分地供應至第一發光層。然而,為了提高有機發光裝置的總體發光效率,電子應容易穿過第二發光層進入第一發光層。為此,藉由包含與第二發光層的主體相同而與第一發光層的電洞傳輸層不同的材料,可適當地調整第一發光層中的電子與電洞之間的均衡(balance)以提高發光效率。另外,當將電子自第二發光層注入至第一發光層時,電子會移動穿過同一種材料,因而使得第一發光層與第二發光層之間的介面電阻減小且可降低驅動電壓。
作為1-2主體,可使用由以下化學式2表示的化合物:
在化學式2中,Ar5與Ar6分別獨立地為經取代或未經取代的C6-60芳基。
較佳地,所述由化學式2表示的化合物可為選自由以下組成的群組中的任一者:
所述由化學式2表示的化合物可如以下反應式2來製備:
(在反應式2中,Ar3及Ar4與在化學式2中所定義者相同)。
具體而言,可藉由包括以下步驟的製程來製備所述由化學式2表示的化合物:使由化學式2'表示的化合物與由化學式2"表示的化合物反應。在以下實例中將更具體地闡述所述製備方法。
如上所述,第一發光層包含兩種主體,且所述主體中的一者與電洞傳輸層的材料相同,且另一者與第二發光層相同。
此外,本發明的第二發光層可更包含一種與2-1主體不同的主體,即2-2主體。作為2-2主體,可使用由以下化學式3表示的化合物。
在化學式3中,L4為鍵;經取代或未經取代的C6-60伸芳基;或者包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者的經取代或未經取代的C2-60伸雜芳基。
Ar7與Ar8分別獨立地為經取代或未經取代的C6-60芳基;或者包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者的經取代或未經取代的C2-60雜芳基,且Ar9為包含至少一個N的經取代或未經取代的C2-60雜芳基。
較佳地,L4為伸苯基或二苯並呋喃二基。
較佳地,Ar7及Ar8為苯基。
較佳地,Ar9為選自由以下組成的群組中的任一者:
較佳地,所述由化學式3表示的化合物可為選自由以下組成的群組中的任一者:
在以下實例中將更具體地闡述所述化合物的製備方法。
同時,第一發光層較佳為紅色(red)發光層。為此,第一發光層較佳地包含紅色(red)磷光摻雜劑。紅色磷光摻雜劑無特別限制,只要所述紅色磷光摻雜劑是用於有機發光裝置中的紅色磷光摻雜劑即可。舉例而言,第一發光層可更包含由以下式4
表示的化合物:
在化學式4中,n1為1或2,R5至R8分別獨立地為氫;經取代或未經取代的C1-60烷基;或者經取代或未經取代的C6-60芳基;其限制條件是R5至R8中的一或多者是包含4或更多個碳的支鏈烷基,且X-Y是輔助配位體。
較佳地,n1為2。
較佳地,R5為異丁基。較佳地,R6為氫。較佳地,R7及R8為甲基。
較佳地,X-Y為乙醯丙酮酸酯。
較佳地,所述由化學式4表示的化合物可為以下化合物。
此外,第二發光層較佳為黃綠色發光層。為此,第二發光層較佳地包含黃綠色(yellowish green,YG)磷光摻雜劑。黃綠色(yellowish green)磷光摻雜劑無特別限制,只要所述黃綠色磷光摻雜劑是用於有機發光裝置中的黃綠色磷光摻雜劑即可。舉例而言,第二發光層可更包含由以下式5表示的化合物:
在化學式5中,n2為1或2,a為0至4的整數,且Ar10與Ar11分別獨立地為經取代或未經取代的C6-60芳基;或者包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者的經取代或未經取代的C2-60
雜芳基。
較佳地,n2為2。
較佳地,a為0。
較佳地,Ar10與Ar11分別獨立地為苯基。
較佳地,所述由化學式5表示的化合物可為以下化合物。
第三發光層
本發明的有機發光裝置可更包括第三發光層。較佳地,本發明的有機發光裝置可具有依序積層電洞傳輸層、第一發光層、第二發光層及第三發光層的結構。
具體而言,所述第三發光層包含3-1主體及3-2主體。此外,對1-2主體、2-1主體及3-1主體使用同一種材料。
在第二發光層周圍,第一發光層應具有注入電洞的作用,而第三發光層應具有注入電子的作用。如上所述,第一發光層包含與包含於電洞傳輸層中的具有優異電洞傳輸性的材料相同的材料。另外,由於第一發光層距陰極最遠,因此較佳地第三發光層包含與第二發光層相同的材料以平穩地提供電子。由於第二
發光層較第一發光層更靠近陰極,因此勢必會良好地傳輸電子,但可藉由包含具有雙極(bipolar)特性的材料來調整電荷均衡(charge balance)以提高效率。此外,由於在二或更多個發光層中包含同一種材料,因此亦存在藉由減小各發光層之間的介面電阻而降低驅動電壓的效果。
另外,本發明的第三發光層可更包含一種與3-1主體不同的主體,即3-2主體。作為3-2主體,可使用由以下化學式3表示的化合物。
3-2主體可使用由以下化學式3表示的化合物。
在化學式3中,L4為鍵;經取代或未經取代的C6-60伸芳基;或者包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者的經取代或未經取代的C2-60伸雜芳基,Ar7與Ar8分別獨立地為經取代或未經取代的C6-60芳基;或者包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者的經取代或未經取代的C2-60雜芳基,且Ar9為包含至少一個N的經取代或未經取代的C2-60雜芳基。
較佳地,L4為伸苯基或二苯並呋喃二基。
較佳地,Ar7及Ar8為苯基。
較佳地,Ar9為選自由以下組成的群組中的任一者:
較佳地,所述由化學式3表示的化合物可為選自由以下組成的群組中的任一者:
在以下實例中將更具體地闡述所述化合物的製備方法。
同時,第三發光層較佳為綠色(green)發光層。為此,第三發光層較佳地包含綠色(green)磷光摻雜劑。綠色磷光摻雜劑無特別限制,只要所述綠色磷光摻雜劑是用於有機發光裝置中的綠色磷光摻雜劑即可。舉例而言,第三發光層可更包含由以下
化學式6表示的化合物:
在化學式6中,n3為1或2,且R8至R11分別獨立地為氫;氘;鹵素;腈基;硝基;胺基;經取代或未經取代的C1-60烷基;經取代或未經取代的C3-60環烷基;經取代或未經取代的C2-60烯基;經取代或未經取代的C6-60芳基;或者包含O、N、Si及S中的至少一者的經取代或未經取代的C2-60雜環基。
較佳地,n3為1。
較佳地,R8至R11分別獨立地為氫或CD3。
較佳地,R8為氫,且R9至R11為CD3。
較佳地,所述由化學式6表示的化合物可為以下化合物。
電子傳輸層
本發明的電子傳輸層是自形成於陰極中或陰極上的電子注入層接收電子且將電子傳輸至發光層的層。對於電子傳輸材料,適宜為可自陰極良好地接收電子且將電子傳輸至發光層的材料、具有大的電子遷移率的材料。
電子傳輸材料的具體實例包括8-羥基喹啉鋁(Al)錯合物;包含8-羥基喹啉鋁(Alq3)的錯合物;有機自由基化合物;羥基黃酮-金屬錯合物等,但並非僅限於此。電子傳輸層可與根據先前技術使用的預定所期望陰極材料一起使用。具體而言,適當的陰極材料的實例為具有低的功函數的一般材料且然後是鋁層或銀層。其具體實例包括銫、鋇、鈣、鐿及釤,且每一種情形之後均是鋁層或銀層。
電子注入層
本發明的有機發光裝置可更包括位於電子傳輸層與陰極之間的電子注入層。電子注入層是自電極注入電子的層,且較佳為以下化合物:所述化合物具有傳輸電子的能力、具有自陰極注入電子的效果及對發光層或發光材料具有優異的電子注入效果,
防止在發光層中產生的激子移動至電洞注入層,且具有優異的薄膜形成能力。
用於電子注入層的材料的具體實例包括茀酮、蒽醌二甲烷、聯苯醌、二氧化噻喃、噁唑、噁二唑、三唑、咪唑、苝四羧酸、亞茀基甲烷、蒽酮等、及其衍生物、金屬錯合化合物、含氮5員環衍生物等,但並非僅限於此。
金屬錯合化合物的實例包括8-羥基喹啉鋰、雙(8-羥基喹啉)鋅、雙(8-羥基喹啉)銅、雙(8-羥基喹啉)錳、三(8-羥基喹啉)鋁、三(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)鋁、三(8-羥基喹啉)鎵、雙(10-羥基苯並[h]喹啉)鈹、雙(10-羥基苯並[h]喹啉)鋅、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)氯代鎵、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)(鄰甲酚)鎵、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)(1-萘酚)鋁、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)(2-萘酚)鎵等,但並非僅限於此。
有機發光裝置
根據本發明的有機發光裝置的結構示於圖1中。圖1說明有機發光裝置的實例,所述有機發光裝置包括基板(1)、陽極(2)、電洞傳輸層(3)、第一發光層(4)、第二發光層(5)、電子傳輸層(6)及陰極(7)。
此外,根據本發明的有機發光裝置的另一結構示於圖2中。圖2說明有機發光裝置的實例,所述有機發光裝置包括基板(1)、陽極(2)、電洞傳輸層(3)、第一發光層(4)、第二發光層(5)、第三發光層(8)、電子傳輸層(6)及陰極(7)。
可藉由依序積層上述組件來製造根據本發明的有機發光
裝置。在此種情形中,可藉由以下方式來製造有機發光裝置:利用例如濺鍍(sputtering)方法或電子束蒸發(e-beam evaporation)方法等物理氣相沈積(physical vapor deposition,PVD)方法在基板上沈積金屬、具有導電性的金屬氧化物或其合金以形成陽極,在所述陽極上形成包括電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、發光層及電子傳輸層的有機材料層,且接著在所述有機材料層上沈積可用作陰極的材料。除此種方法外,可藉由在基板上依序沈積陰極材料、有機材料層及陽極材料來製造有機發光裝置。此外,可藉由溶液塗佈方法以及真空沈積方法使用主體及摻雜劑來形成發光層。本文中,溶液塗佈方法意指旋塗、浸塗、刮刀塗佈、噴墨印刷、網版印刷、噴射方法、輥塗等,但並非僅限於此。
除此種方法外,可藉由在基板上依序沈積陰極材料、有機材料層及陽極材料來製造有機發光裝置(國際公開案WO 2003/012890)。然而,製造方法並非僅限於此。
同時,根據本發明的有機發光裝置可根據所使用的材料而為前側發射型(front side emission type)、後側發射型(back side emission type)或雙側發射型(double side emission type)。
以下,提供較佳實例以更佳地理解本發明。然而,該些實例僅用於說明性目的,且本發明並非旨在受該些實例限制。
製備例1
1)化合物1-1的製備
向脫氣甲苯(500毫升)中,添加了由A表示的化合物(144毫莫耳)、由B表示的化合物(111毫莫耳)、三-第三丁基膦(4.4毫莫耳)、乙酸鈀(1.1毫莫耳)及第三丁醇鈉(166毫莫耳),且在回流條件下將所述混合物加熱了2小時。將反應混合物冷卻至室溫,用甲苯進行增量且藉由矽藻土進行了過濾。在真空下對濾液進行了蒸發,且藉由乙酸乙酯/庚烷對殘餘物進行了結晶。藉由索格利特萃取器(Soxhlet extractor)(甲苯)對粗產物進行了萃取,且藉由在真空下昇華進行了純化。
質譜分析(mass spectrometry,MS):[M+H]+=676
以下,除了將由A表示的化合物及由B表示的化合物改變為對應於將製備的化合物結構以外,以與化合物1-1的製備相同的方式製備了以下化合物。
2)化合物1-7的製備
MS:[M+H]+=604
3)化合物1-8的製備
MS:[M+H]+=604
4)化合物1-13的製備
將由A'表示的化合物(46.6毫莫耳)、由B'表示的化合物(51.3毫莫耳)、碳酸鉀(139.8毫莫耳)及四(三苯基膦)鈀(0)(tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0))(0.9毫莫耳)添加至四氫呋喃(tetrahydrofuran,THF)中,且將所述混合物回流了18小時。在反應完成之後,移除了水層,用硫酸鎂對有機層進行了乾燥,且在減壓下對濾液進行了蒸餾。將所得固體溶解於氯仿
(chroloform)(100毫升)中,且向其中添加了乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate)(100毫升),然後進行了再結晶及乾燥。
MS:[M+H]+=639
製備例2
1)化合物2-1的製備
將由C表示的化合物(50毫莫耳)、由D表示的化合物(55毫莫耳)、K2CO3(100毫莫耳)及Pd(PPh3)4與四氫呋喃(200毫升)及H2O(100毫升)進行了混合,然後攪拌並回流了約20小時。在將反應混合物冷卻至室溫之後,移除了水層且對有機層進行了蒸發。將殘餘物溶解於甲苯中並用水進行了洗滌。在移除了水層之後,對有機層進行了蒸發,且使用矽膠對殘餘物進行了管柱層析。
MS:[M+H]+=561
以下,除了將由C表示的化合物及由D表示的化合物改
變為對應於將製備的化合物結構以外,以與化合物2-1的製備相同的方式製備了以下化合物。
2)化合物2-2的製備
MS:[M+H]+=535
3)化合物2-3的製備
MS:[M+H]+=637
4)化合物2-4的製備
MS:[M+H]+=611
5)化合物2-5的製備
MS:[M+H]+=637
6)化合物2-10的製備
MS:[M+H]+=637
7)化合物2-11的製備
MS:[M+H]+=637
8)化合物2-12的製備
MS:[M+H]+=585
9)化合物2-13的製備
MS:[M+H]+=585
10)化合物2-23的製備
MS:[M+H]+=535
11)化合物2-30的製備
MS:[M+H]+=561
製備例3
1)化合物3-1的製備
將由E表示的化合物(156毫莫耳)、由F表示的化合物(172毫莫耳)、碳酸鈉(340毫莫耳)與乙二醇二胺醚(1000毫升)及水(280毫升)進行了混合。在其中添加了四(三苯基膦)鈀(0)(1.5毫莫耳),且在回流條件下將所述混合物加熱了16小時。在將反應混合物冷卻至室溫之後,對有機相進行了分離、藉由矽膠進行了過濾、用200毫升水洗滌了三次且隨後進行了蒸發。利用使用矽膠及甲苯/庚烷(1:2)的管柱層析法對產物進行了純化並在真空下進行了昇華。
MS:[M+H]+=641
2)化合物3-2的製備
將由G表示的化合物(67毫莫耳)、由H表示的化合物(74毫莫耳)、及19.3克NaOtBu與1000毫升對二甲苯進行了混合。且接著向所述懸浮液中添加了Pd(OAc)2(1.34毫莫耳)及1M三-第三丁基膦溶液(1毫升)。在回流條件下將反應混合物加熱了16小時。在將反應混合物冷卻至室溫之後,向其中添加了二氯甲烷,對有機相進行了分離、用200毫升水洗滌了三次且然後進行了蒸發。用熱甲苯對殘餘物進行了萃取,自甲苯進行了再結晶,且最終在真空下進行了昇華。
MS:[M+H]+=591
實例1
將已施加了厚度為150奈米的氧化銦錫(indium tin oxide,ITO)薄膜的玻璃基板放入其中溶解有清潔劑的蒸餾水中,且藉由超音波進行了洗滌。所使用的清潔劑為購自飛世爾公司(Fisher Co.)的產品,且所述蒸餾水為已利用購自密理博公司(Millipore Co.)的過濾器(filter)過濾兩次的蒸餾水。將所述氧化銦錫洗滌了30分鐘,且接著使用蒸餾水將利用超音波進行的洗
滌重複兩次達10分鐘。在利用蒸餾水進行的洗滌完成之後,使用異丙醇、丙酮及甲醇溶劑執行了利用超音波進行的洗滌。且接著對玻璃基板進行了乾燥,並將其輸送至電漿洗滌器。使用氧電漿將基板洗滌了5分鐘,並將其輸送至真空蒸發器。且接著在以上製備的氧化銦錫透明電極上在真空下將以下HI-1化合物熱沈積至50奈米的厚度以形成電洞注入層。
且在真空下熱沈積在製備例1-1中製備的化合物以形成厚度為100奈米的電洞傳輸層。且接著在真空下同時沈積在製備例1-1及製備例2-1中製備的化合物(重量比為7:3)作為主體以及沈積以下RD化合物(以主體計為2重量%)作為摻雜劑,以形成厚度為150奈米的第一發光層。在真空下同時沈積在製備例2-1及製備例3-2中製備的化合物(重量比為3:7)作為主體以及沈積以下YGD化合物(以主體計為10重量%)作為摻雜劑,以形成厚度為300奈米的第二發光層。且接著在真空下同時沈積在製備例2-1及製備例3-2中製備的化合物(重量比為3:7)作為主體以及沈積以下GD化合物(以主體計為5重量%)作為摻雜劑,以形成厚度為100奈米的第三發光層。
且在真空下沈積以下ET2化合物以形成厚度為250奈米的電子傳輸層。且接著在真空下沈積以下ET1化合物(鋰摻雜量為2%)以形成厚度為100奈米的電子注入層。且沈積鋁以形成陰極,藉此製備有機發光裝置。
實例2至實例23以及比較例1至比較例8
除了使用下表1及表2中闡述的化合物作為電洞傳輸層、第一發光層、第二發光層、及第三發光層以外,以與實例1相同的方式製備了有機發光裝置。在表1及表2中,每一材料意指製備例中的編號,且括弧中的值意指重量%。
同時,表2中的RH意指使用以下化合物。
實驗例1
對在實例1至實例23以及比較例1至比較例8中製備的有機發光裝置施加電流以獲得下表3及表4所示的結果。
實例24
將已施加了厚度為150奈米的氧化銦錫(ITO)薄膜的玻璃基板放入其中溶解有清潔劑的蒸餾水中,且藉由超音波進行了洗滌。所使用的清潔劑為購自飛世爾公司的產品,且所述蒸餾水
為已利用購自密理博公司的過濾器過濾兩次的蒸餾水。將所述氧化銦錫洗滌了30分鐘,且接著使用蒸餾水將利用超音波進行的洗滌重複兩次達10分鐘。在利用蒸餾水進行的洗滌完成之後,使用異丙醇、丙酮、及甲醇溶劑執行了利用超音波進行的洗滌。且接著對玻璃基板進行了乾燥,並將其輸送至電漿洗滌器。使用氧電漿將基板洗滌了5分鐘,並接著將其輸送至真空蒸發器。在以上製備的氧化銦錫透明電極上在真空下將HI-1化合物熱沈積至50奈米的厚度以形成電洞注入層。
且在真空下熱沈積在製備例1-1中製備的化合物以形成厚度為100奈米的電洞傳輸層。且接著在真空下同時沈積在製備例1-1及製備例2-1中製備的化合物(重量比為7:3)作為主體以及沈積RD化合物(以主體計為2重量%)作為摻雜劑,以形成厚度為100奈米的第一發光層。在真空下同時沈積在製備例2-1及製備例3-2中製備的化合物(重量比為3:7)作為主體以及沈積YGD化合物(以主體計為10重量%)作為摻雜劑,以形成厚度為400奈米的第二發光層。
且在真空下沈積ET2化合物以形成厚度為250奈米的電子傳輸層。且接著在真空下沈積ET1化合物(鋰摻雜量為2%)以形成厚度為100奈米的電子注入層。且沈積鋁以形成陰極,藉此製備有機發光裝置。
實例25至實例43以及比較例9至比較例16
除了使用下表5及表6中闡述的化合物作為電洞傳輸
層、第一發光層及第二發光層以外,以與實例24相同的方式製備了有機發光裝置。在表5及表6中,每一材料意指製備例中的編號,且括弧中的值意指重量%。
實驗例2
對在實例24至實例43以及比較例9至比較例16中製備的有機發光裝置施加電流以獲得下表7及表8所示的結果。
Claims (15)
- 一種有機發光裝置,包括:第一電極;電洞傳輸層;第一發光層;第二發光層;電子傳輸層;以及第二電極,其中所述第一發光層包含1-1主體及1-2主體,所述第二發光層包含2-1主體及2-2主體,所述電洞傳輸層包含與所述1-1主體相同的材料,所述1-2主體與所述2-1主體為相同的材料,且所述2-2主體與所述1-1主體為不相同的材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的有機發光裝置,更包括位於所述第二發光層與所述電子傳輸層之間的第三發光層,其中所述第三發光層包含3-1主體及3-2主體,且所述1-2主體、所述2-1主體及所述3-1主體為相同的材料。
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US20190006590A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
JP2018531480A (ja) | 2018-10-25 |
WO2018048074A1 (ko) | 2018-03-15 |
CN108064258A (zh) | 2018-05-22 |
EP3336159A4 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
TW201813155A (zh) | 2018-04-01 |
EP3336159B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
KR101744248B1 (ko) | 2017-06-07 |
EP3336159A1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
US11223017B2 (en) | 2022-01-11 |
JP6598173B2 (ja) | 2019-10-30 |
CN108064258B (zh) | 2020-04-14 |
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