TWI567235B - 供壓模淬火（ｐｒｅｓｓ ｈａｒｄｅｎｉｎｇ）應用之鍍鋅鋼及製造方法 - Google Patents

供壓模淬火（ｐｒｅｓｓ ｈａｒｄｅｎｉｎｇ）應用之鍍鋅鋼及製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI567235B
TWI567235B TW103117385A TW103117385A TWI567235B TW I567235 B TWI567235 B TW I567235B TW 103117385 A TW103117385 A TW 103117385A TW 103117385 A TW103117385 A TW 103117385A TW I567235 B TWI567235 B TW I567235B
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hot
heat treatment
prealloying
coating
steel
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TW201510275A (zh
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瑞爾夫 摩斯奇勒
葛蘭特 艾倫 湯瑪斯
保羅 凡達斯 珍那薇庫斯
馬汀斯 路易斯Ｇ 葛薩
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Ａｋ鋼鐵資產公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0405—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing of ferrous alloys
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0457—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/663—Bell-type furnaces
    • C21D9/667—Multi-station furnaces
    • C21D9/67—Multi-station furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/285—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath for remelting the coating
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    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
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    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]

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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
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Description

供壓模淬火(PRESS HARDENING)應用之鍍鋅鋼及製造方法 相關申請案之交叉參考
本申請案特此主張於2013年5月17日提出申請之具有相同標題之臨時專利申請案第61/824,791號之權益，其揭示內容之全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。
壓模淬火之鋼通常具有高強度且已在汽車應用中用於減輕重量同時改良安全性能。熱壓印部件主要係自裸鋼(其必須在壓印後移除氧化物)或自具有鍍鋁塗層之鋼製得。鍍鋁塗層提供腐蝕保護之障壁形式。基於鋅之塗層進一步提供具有活性或陰極腐蝕保護之熱壓印部分。舉例而言，熱浸鍍鋅鋼通常包括Zn-Al塗層且熱浸熱鍍鋅之鋼通常包括Zn-Fe-Al塗層。由於鋅之熔融溫度，在熱壓印過程期間可存在液體鋅且由於液體金屬脆化(LME)導致破裂。在熱壓印之前鋼基板奧氏體化所需之高溫下之時間允許鐵擴散至熱鍍鋅塗層中以避免LME。然而，在允許足夠鐵擴散所需之時間期間，塗層中之鋅可由於氣化及氧化而損失。此氧化物亦可呈現差的黏著性且往往在壓印期間剝落。
本文揭示在熱鍍鋅之後及在熱壓印奧氏體化步驟之前實施之預合金化熱處理。該預合金化藉由增加鐵之濃度允許以較短時間在奧氏體化溫度下在塗層中形成期望α-Fe相。此亦降低鋅之損失，且在熱壓印後存在更具黏著性之氧化物。
併入此說明書並構成此說明書之一部分之附圖圖解說明實施例，並與上文給出之一般說明及下文給出之實施例之詳細闡述一起用於解釋本發明之原理。
圖1繪示在預合金化處理0小時後或「如所塗佈」之熱鍍鋅鋼板之輝光放電光譜掃描圖。
圖2繪示在預合金化處理1小時後熱鍍鋅鋼板之輝光放電光譜掃描圖。
圖3繪示在預合金化處理4小時後熱鍍鋅鋼板之輝光放電光譜掃描圖。
圖4A繪示在熱壓印後圖1之熱鍍鋅鋼板之輝光放電光譜掃描圖。
圖4B繪示圖4A之熱鍍鋅鋼板之橫截面的光學顯微照片。
圖5A繪示在熱壓印後圖2之熱鍍鋅鋼板之輝光放電光譜掃描圖。
圖5B繪示圖5A之熱鍍鋅鋼板之橫截面的光學顯微照片。
圖6A繪示在熱壓印後圖3之熱鍍鋅鋼板之輝光放電光譜掃描圖。
圖6B繪示圖6A之熱鍍鋅鋼板之橫截面的光學顯微照片。
圖7繪示根據圖4A之條件處理之熱鍍鋅鋼板的光學顯微照片，其顯示交叉陰影線區域。
圖8繪示根據圖5A之條件處理之熱鍍鋅鋼板的光學顯微照片，其顯示交叉陰影線區域。
圖9繪示根據圖6A之條件處理之熱鍍鋅鋼板的光學顯微照片，其顯示交叉陰影線區域。
壓模淬火之鋼可自含硼之鋼(例如22MnB5合金)形成。該22MnB5合金通常包含介於約0.20與約0.25之間之C、介於約1.0與約1.5之間之Mn、介於約0.1與約0.3之間之Si、介於約0.1與約0.2之間之Cr及介於 約0.0005與約0.005之間之B。如熟習此項技術者鑒於本文中之教示所可明瞭，可使用其他適宜合金。其他適宜合金可包括任何適宜可壓模淬火之合金，其包括足夠淬火性以產生用於熱壓印之強度及延展性之期望組合。舉例而言，可使用通常用於汽車熱壓印應用中之類似合金。藉由典型澆鑄、熱軋、酸洗及冷軋製程將合金處理成冷軋鋼條。
隨後將冷軋鋼條熱浸熱鍍鋅以在鋼條上產生Zn-Fe-Al塗層。每側之塗層重量通常在約40g/m2至約90g/m2範圍內。熱鍍鋅爐之溫度在約900℉至約1200℉(約482℃至約649℃)範圍內且在塗層中產生約5wt%至約15wt%之Fe含量。鋅鍋中之鋁含量在約0.10wt%至約0.20wt%範圍內，且塗層中之所分析Al含量通常為鍋中之量之兩倍。熟習此項技術者鑒於本文中之教示當可明瞭用於對鋼條進行熱鍍鋅之其他適宜方法。
隨後對具有熱鍍鋅塗層之鋼條進行預合金化熱處理，該預合金化熱處理係經設計以將塗層中之Fe含量增加至介於約15wt%與約25wt%之間。此熱處理具有約850至約950℉(約454℃至約510℃)之峰值溫度，且駐留時間為約1小時至約10小時，例如約2小時至約6小時。可經由鬆捲退火實踐實施預合金化熱處理。可在保護性氛圍中進一步實施預合金化熱處理。該保護性氛圍可包括氮氛圍。在一些形式中，氮氛圍包括約100% N2。在其他形式中，氮氛圍包括約95% N2及約5% H2。彼等熟習此項技術者鑒於本文中之教示將明瞭提供預合金化熱處理之其他適宜方法。
在對熱鍍鋅鋼條進行預合金化熱處理後，使鋼條經受熱壓印奧氏體化步驟。熱壓印已為業內眾所周知。溫度通常在約1616℉至約1742℉(約880℃至約950℃)範圍內。由於預合金化熱處理，此奧氏體化溫度下所需之時間可減少。舉例而言，奧氏體化溫度下之時間可介於約2分鐘與約10分鐘之間或介於約4分鐘與約6分鐘之間。此在塗 層中形成單相α-Fe與約30% Zn。彼等熟習此項技術者鑒於本文中之教示將明瞭其他適宜熱壓印方法。
實例
使用上述方法製造熱鍍鋅鋼圈。使用具有約1.5mm之厚度之22MnB5鋼圈。熱鍍鋅塗層重量係約55g/m2。在此實例中，在氮氛圍中於約900℉下對經熱鍍鋅之鋼之小板進行預合金化熱處理。未對第一板進行預合金化熱處理，即，預合金處理係0小時或「如所塗佈」。對第二板進行預合金化熱處理約1小時。對第三板進行預合金化熱處理約4小時。隨後將預合金化板於約1650℉下奧氏體化約4分鐘且在水冷卻之平模之間淬火以模擬熱壓印過程。
預合金化處理之效應示於輝光放電光譜(GDS)掃描中，其顯示貫穿塗層之厚度之化學組成。預合金化處理0小時、1小時及4小時後之GDS掃描分別示於圖1至3中。如所示，塗層中之Fe含量於約900℉下隨較長時間而增加。
圖4A、5A及6A分別顯示在熱壓印模擬後三個板之GDS掃描。圖4B、5B及6B分別顯示在熱壓印模擬後三個板之微結構之顯微照片。隨著預合金處理時間長度自0小時增加至1小時至4小時，塗層中之Fe含量增加。顯微照片指示，隨著%Fe增加，塗層中晶粒之間之空隙減小。塗層晶粒之間之空隙指示高溫下晶粒邊界上之液體，藉此顯示預合金化熱處理減少在熱壓印時存在之液體Zn之量。在液體之量減少下，LME破裂之潛能進而降低。
在奧氏體化處理期間形成之鋅氧化物由於對塗層之黏著性較差而在熱壓印期間可能易於剝落。在奧氏體化及熱壓印之前實施預合金化熱處理可產生抗剝落之更大黏著性之氧化物。為量測此效應，在實驗室系統中將根據上述條件以約0小時、1小時及4小時之預合金化時間處理之板磷酸化並e-塗佈。對經塗佈板進行交叉陰影線及膠帶拉扯 測試以測試黏著性。圖7至9分別顯示三個板之交叉陰影線區域之顯微照片。如圖7及8中所示，經約0小時及1小時預合金化熱處理之板顯示較低黏著且塗層自交叉陰影線內之正方形損失。圖9顯示，經約4小時預合金化處理之板顯示增加黏著且塗層自交叉陰影線內之正方形的損失極少或無損失。
儘管已藉由闡述若干實施例來闡釋本發明且儘管已相當詳細地闡述說明性實施例，但申請人並不意欲將隨附申請專利範圍之範疇限定或以任何方式限制於該等細節。熟習此項技術者可容易地瞭解其他優勢及修改形式。

Claims (18)

  1. 一種製造鋼之方法，該方法包含以下步驟：對該鋼進行熱鍍鋅(galvanneal)以在該鋼上形成塗層；及在熱壓印之前使該經熱鍍鋅之鋼經受在介於約850℉與約950℉之間之溫度下實施之預合金化熱處理，其中在該預合金化熱處理後，該塗層中之Fe含量係介於約15wt%與約25wt%之間。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中該塗層包含鋅、鐵及鋁。
  3. 如請求項1之方法，其中該塗層重量係在約40g/m2至約90g/m2範圍內。
  4. 如請求項1之方法，其中該熱鍍鋅步驟係於介於約900℉與約1200℉之間之溫度下實施。
  5. 如請求項1之方法，其中該預合金化熱處理步驟係於鬆捲退火過程中實施。
  6. 如請求項1之方法，其中該預合金化熱處理包含介於約1小時與約10小時之間之駐留時間。
  7. 如請求項6之方法，其中該預合金化熱處理包含介於約2小時與約6小時之間之駐留時間。
  8. 如請求項1之方法，其中該預合金化熱處理係在保護性氛圍中實施。
  9. 如請求項8之方法，其中該保護性氛圍包含氮。
  10. 如請求項9之方法，其中該保護性氛圍包含約100% N2。
  11. 如請求項9之方法，其中該保護性氛圍進一步包含氫。
  12. 如請求項11之方法，其中該保護性氛圍包含約95% N2及約5% H2。
  13. 如請求項1之方法，其中該熱壓印步驟包含介於約1616℉與約 1742℉之間之溫度。
  14. 如請求項1之方法，其中該熱壓印步驟包含介於約2分鐘與約10分鐘之間之時間。
  15. 如請求項1之方法，其中在熱壓印之後，該塗層包含單相α-Fe與約30% Zn。
  16. 一種具有熱鍍鋅塗層之鋼，其中該熱鍍鋅塗層因應在鬆捲退火過程中於介於約850℉與約950℉之間之溫度下實施之預合金化熱處理而包含介於約15wt%與約25wt%之間之Fe含量。
  17. 如請求項16之鋼，其中該預合金化熱處理包含介於約1小時與約10小時之間之駐留時間。
  18. 如請求項16之鋼，其中該預合金化熱處理係在保護性氛圍中實施。
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