TWI553132B - Arc蒸鍍裝置及真空處理裝置 - Google Patents
Arc蒸鍍裝置及真空處理裝置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明係有關於如申請專利範圍第1項所述上位概念之一種ARC蒸發源。本說明中ARC蒸發源意指一種裝置,可用於真空中點燃焦點位於於陰極之電弧,其中藉由陰極(=靶材)提供欲蒸發的材料,且於焦點將靶材材料蒸發。
ARC蒸發源為技術領域所熟知。如Snaper於美國專利US3625848中揭露一種「射束槍」(beam gun),具有一陰極與一陽極,其設置成可於兩者間形成電弧放電。其中陰極由將沉積的材料製成。該陽極具有錐形幾何且設置於緊鄰圓柱形陰極處。此技術水平的設置如第1圖所示。此設置未利用磁性物質。因此焦點在靶材上的運動如今而言相當緩慢,雖然在當時可謂快速。焦點運動的遲緩造成利用ARC蒸發源製作膜層上較大的粗糙度。
有別於此,Clark Bergman在美國專利US 4 620 913中揭露一種利用磁性物質的複式ARC真空系統,係有關於具有陽極控制電路的一種ARC源,其中利用一腔體或電性絕緣導入的陽極。但其中缺點為僅能將部分發自靶材的磁場導入陽極。此裝置的優點為尤其在小放電電流時的電弧穩定性。藉由對該導入陽極的另外施加一正電壓,可形成腔體與導入陽極間的電流散佈。
因此,需要一種ARC蒸發源,以持續固定高蒸發速
率製作低表面粗糙度的膜層。本發明之目的即為提供此種ARC蒸發源。
依據本發明,此目的係以申請專利範圍第1項中所述的ARC蒸發源達成。在附屬項中,將描述依據本發明ARC蒸發源之各種較佳實施樣態。
本發明中,ARC蒸發源包含陰極(靶材)、陽極與磁性物質,可將磁場線循較短路徑從靶材表面導入陽極。
陽極係設置於緊鄰陰極處,以確保從可能受侵蝕的靶材欲蒸發的表面上每一點經磁力線建立陰極與陽極間的連結。
其中可設置磁性材料,使平行於靶材表面的分量明顯高於垂直靶材表面的分量。實用的磁場強度可達500高斯,亦即明顯高於應用於物理氣相沉積(PVD)技術的磁場強度。
較諸現行技術水平,上述ARC源具有較高鍍膜速率,同時可得極平整的膜層。
本發明之ARC源亦可以高放電速率在真空中運作。
此時ARC源以金屬模式運作。如此產生如Cr+、Ti+等金屬離子可不受干擾抵達基板且用於金屬離子侵蝕。亦可以低放電電流進行運作。
藉由所謂「預置偏壓」(Pre偏壓)可以本發明中的陽極穩定地設定離子能量。
以下藉實施例與圖式詳細描述本發明。
為進一步理解本發明,首先大致描述根據現行技術
水平的ARC源。第2圖顯示根據現行技術水平之一ARC蒸發器設置201,其具有陽極203與隔開的電弧源陰極209。電弧源陰極藉由冷卻裝置211冷卻,且與直流電流供應器的負極213連接。電弧源陰極後面設有磁性物質215,其建立靶材表面上方的磁場。焦點205釋放一高電流且因此在蒸發器區域提供大量電子。ARC電漿可作為導電介質。因現行技術水平中陽極203未緊鄰焦點205,帶電粒子將於抵達較遠的陽極路徑中與磁場交錯。物理上重要的是具有電荷q、質量m、速度v的帶電粒子在位置r的電場E(r)與磁場B(r)中的運動。其中存在不同力的分量:平行B-場的運動受有正比於qE的作用力。
垂直磁場的運動受有正比於q(E⊥+v⊥xB)的作用力,造成疊加一ExB-飄移項之螺旋運動。如第2圖所示,如此可形成一「虛擬」電流路徑207。帶電粒子沿狀似螺旋軌跡朝向遠處的陽極203運動時,成膜區域中的工作氣體(例如Ar、N2)將被極度電離化。如此形成氣體-離子,導致放電電位昇高,以及陰極前的電位落差。此外可觀察到鍍膜速率下降。
第3圖中顯示本發明ARC蒸發器裝置301之一組態。此組態僅為範例,可以不同實施組態實現之。陰極309以欲蒸發的材料組成,且經電流電極連接至電流源的負極。以磁性材料305產生磁場於陰極表面,以快速移動放電電弧。
可在相當大部分的面積內調整發自靶材表面的磁力線,使其主要具有平行於陰極309表面的分量,且可經
環狀圍繞陰極邊緣之一短路徑連接至陽極303。第3圖中,ARC蒸發源可設為軸對稱的圓型陰極亦或方形陰極。中央或沿中線的陰極區域具有總是垂直靶材表面的場線,且因此應避免受侵蝕。此可例如以遮罩或藉由填充之一開口達成(二者皆未示於圖中)。區域6中磁場強度為40高斯至500高斯。較佳者為60至100高斯且尤佳者為200至500高斯以形成特別平整的膜層。本發明中,陽極設置配合磁場分佈,可於如此高的磁場中運作。
陰極309的靶材材料可為一般用於硬質膜層的材料,如Ti、TiAl、Al、AlCr、TiSi、Cr等等。
如第3圖所示之ARC蒸發器裝置301,結合磁性材料305產生的磁場,依據本發明將陽極303設於陰極309附近,使磁力線促成從焦點315到陽極303呈直接通路之電流路徑307。若使電場大致平行於磁場,上述飄移可大致避免。本發明之一較佳實施樣態中,可設置陽極使施加電壓且無磁場時可符合此條件,且將除中央磁力線外之所有或至少大部分磁力線導至陽極。電子軌跡決定於拉莫(Larmor)半徑,且反映繞行場線之迴旋運動。10高斯下的電子的迴旋半徑約為1mm,100高斯下約0.1mm。因此,此軌跡在相當磁場強度下大致侷限於沿場線區域。此種設置的效果是降低總放電電壓,且提高鍍膜速率。靶材附近的工作氣體僅低度電離。
本發明之一較佳應用為金屬離子侵蝕(MIE)。
此應用奠基於本發明ARC蒸發源之另一特性。此特性在於可於無工作氣體之真空壓力度低於1×10-3Pa的
環境下穩定運作。其中藉由ARC斑點5與陽極間之良好電性連通,使金屬電漿8的導電性足以承載從陰極到陽極的電流9。來自ARC源的金屬蒸氣被高度一級或多級電離,且可經偏壓12朝向基板11加速。因此可達成高效的金屬離子侵蝕(MIE)。對應的MIE-裝置401如第4圖所示:其包含ARC蒸發源403與基板固持器407,係設於真空室405中。固設將侵蝕的基板(未示)之基板固持器藉由電壓源408施加一負電位,因此可將在ARC蒸發源形成的正離子朝向基板加速。
應注意者為,真空中極小電流強度下的運作可穩定維持:選擇上述MIE過程參數空間時特別發現,即使在ARC放電的極小放電電流下仍可維持一穩定狀態。由於磁力線使陽極電位可「拖曳」至鄰近靶材表面,因此可穩定維持電流路徑。
對於鋁可於電流強度小至僅稍大於10A時設定穩定過程,對於鈦則電流強度可小至僅稍大於40A。利用本發明ARC蒸發源亦可使用例如Cr、Nb、Ta與其他金屬,且以高電離度與高比例之複級電離態穩定進行金屬離子侵蝕。
本發明中,ARC蒸發源可以不同的控制電路實現之,其自身亦為發明創作。
首先再為深入理解描述使用根據現行技術水平的ARC蒸發源的情況。為此於第5圖中顯示現行技術水平的控制電路。
其中,真空室505的腔體壁構成陽極。發自靶材的磁場線與陽極無直接連結。第5圖顯示一鍍膜裝置501,具有設於真空室505內之一ARC蒸發源503,其中真空室505內另設有基板固持器507,其可藉電壓源508施加一負電壓。特別是在對膜層粗糙度有正面影響的高磁場下,可造成工作氣體(例如N2)加強電離,且因此提高放電電壓或靶材前的電位降。此外,放電的高電子溫度(2eV-5eV)造成如第6圖所示的基板前電位分佈扭曲。
第4圖表示對應之本發明實施樣態,且已大致描述。
高電離度的已蒸發陰極材料經偏壓電壓朝向基板加速。陰極1-陽極4之電性系統係對應腔體接地10設為浮動的。
電漿電位Uplasma於此實施樣態中係與腔體壁連接。
ARC源的放電電流從陰極流向陽極。此範例中陰極電壓約-16至-25V係相對於陽極4而設。來自電壓源408的基板偏壓使電漿電位相對於基板為Uplasma之電漿中的離子加速。如第7圖所示,基板前的電位變化不再扭曲,因為如此電漿中電子溫度僅約0.3eV至1eV。
第8圖顯示另一實施樣態,即具有設於真空室805內的ARC蒸發源803之鍍膜裝置801,其中於真空室805另設有基板固持器807,其藉由電壓源808設於負電壓。
不同於第4圖,此實施樣態中如第4圖中浮動的陰極-陽極系統的陰極係設為以腔體接地(Ground)。其中電位偏移如第9圖所示。陰極電位偏移至腔體接地。ARC之放電電流從陰極流向陽極。藉電壓源(偏壓供應器)808提
供的電壓(此範例中為40V)連同附加項Ubias+Uplasma產生離子加速。
第8圖中,陰極與腔體短路,且因此設於腔體接地。亦可經一電壓源連接陰極與腔體,藉此達成附加的電位偏移。如此可使至少在陽極前的電漿電位為強正值。如第10與11圖所示。
201‧‧‧ARC蒸發器設置
203‧‧‧陽極
205‧‧‧焦點
207‧‧‧「虛擬」電流路徑
209‧‧‧電弧源陰極
211‧‧‧冷卻裝置
213‧‧‧負極
215‧‧‧磁性物質
301‧‧‧ARC蒸發器裝置
303‧‧‧陽極
305‧‧‧磁性材料
307‧‧‧電流路徑
309‧‧‧陰極
315‧‧‧焦點
401‧‧‧MIE-裝置
403‧‧‧ARC蒸發源
405‧‧‧真空室
407‧‧‧基板固持器
408‧‧‧電壓源
501‧‧‧鍍膜裝置
503‧‧‧ARC蒸發源
505‧‧‧真空室
507‧‧‧基板固持器
508‧‧‧電壓源
801‧‧‧鍍膜裝置
803‧‧‧ARC蒸發源
805‧‧‧真空室
807‧‧‧基板固持器
808‧‧‧電壓源
1‧‧‧陰極
4‧‧‧陽極
5‧‧‧ARC斑點
8‧‧‧金屬電漿
9‧‧‧陰極到陽極的電流
10‧‧‧腔體接地
11‧‧‧基板
12‧‧‧偏壓
第1圖顯示根據現行技術水平的ARC蒸發源;第2圖顯示根據現行技術水平的ARC蒸發源;第3圖顯示本發明ARC蒸發源之一第一實施樣態;第4圖顯示設有本發明ARC蒸發源之一真空裝置;第5圖顯示設有根據現行技術水平的ARC蒸發源之一真空裝置;第6圖顯示第5圖中裝置的電位模態;第7圖顯示第4圖中本發明裝置的電位模態;第8圖顯示本發明中真空裝置之另一實施樣態;第9圖顯示如第4圖之本發明裝置的電位模態;第10圖顯示本發明中真空裝置之另一實施樣態;第11圖顯示本發明中如第4圖的裝置之電位模態。
301‧‧‧ARC蒸發器裝置
303‧‧‧陽極
305‧‧‧磁性材料
307‧‧‧電流路徑
309‧‧‧陰極
315‧‧‧焦點
Claims (8)
- 一種ARC蒸鍍裝置,其包含- 一陰極(309),具有含可蒸發材料之一表面;- 一磁性物質(305),可在該陰極(309)之該表面上產生一磁場;- 一陽極(303),可吸收蒸發過程中由該陰極(309)釋放出的電子;- 一電壓源,至少於部分時間將該陽極(303)設於相對於該陰極(309)之正電位;其中,陽極(303)係直接鄰近陰極(309)設置,使得該陰極(309)係至少局部地被該陽極(303)所包圍,且該陽極(303)係沿該陰極外周緣成環狀延伸,以及該陽極(303)係設計和配置成與經由磁性材料(305)所產生的磁場相結合,使得磁力線自該陰極(309)之表面被引導至該陽極(303),且如果自該陰極(309)之表面出來的磁力線沒有在陰極的中央區域處出來的話,自該陰極(309)之表面出來的磁力線即撞擊陽極(303),使得磁力線促使一電流路徑(307)從焦點(315)成一直達線到陽極(303)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之ARC蒸鍍裝置,其中該陽極係相對於該陰極配置,使得該磁力線以超過45°的角度撞擊該陽極之一表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之ARC蒸鍍裝置,其中該陽極係相對於該陰極配置,使得該磁力線以實質上呈 垂直的撞擊該陽極之一表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之ARC蒸鍍裝置,其中該陽極相對於該陰極的位置與幾何,係選擇成使得撞擊該陽極的磁力線與電力線實質上是彼此平行的。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項所述之ARC蒸鍍裝置,其中於中央區域提供一手段,以於蒸鍍裝置運作時基本上防止其受到侵蝕。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之ARC蒸鍍裝置,其中該手段包含一位在陰極之該表面之中央區域中的遮罩。
- 一種真空處理裝置,其具有一真空室與一基板固持器,且具有如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項所述之ARC蒸鍍裝置。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之真空處理裝置,其中ARC蒸鍍裝置之該陰極係相對於該真空室設於浮動的、等值或正值之一電位。
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BR112013033654B1 (pt) | 2011-06-30 | 2020-12-29 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Trübbach | método para fabricar um corpo revestido |
JP6236606B2 (ja) | 2011-09-30 | 2017-11-29 | エリコン・サーフェス・ソリューションズ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト,プフェフィコーンOerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Pfaeffikon | 機械加工における耐摩耗性の増大のための適合化された形態を有する窒化アルミニウムチタンコーティングおよびその方法 |
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CN104995500A (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-10-21 | 皮科希科学有限责任公司 | 健康诊断系统和方法 |
JP6842233B2 (ja) | 2014-07-29 | 2021-03-17 | サンドビック インテレクチュアル プロパティー アクティエボラーグ | コーティングされた切削工具、及びコーティングされた切削工具の製造方法 |
CA2986746A1 (en) | 2015-05-22 | 2016-12-01 | Pixie Scientific, Llc | Indicator panels for incontinence products |
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WO2019136261A1 (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2019-07-11 | Ih Ip Holdings Limited | Gas phase co-deposition of hydrogen/deuterium loaded metallic structures |
EP3556901B1 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2021-03-31 | Plansee Composite Materials Gmbh | Vacuum arc source |
CN114341395A (zh) | 2019-07-03 | 2022-04-12 | 欧瑞康表面解决方案股份公司,普费菲孔 | 阴极电弧源 |
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RU2013102585A (ru) | 2014-08-10 |
PT2585622T (pt) | 2018-04-20 |
CA2803087C (en) | 2019-11-12 |
SG186722A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
EP2585622A1 (de) | 2013-05-01 |
CN102947478A (zh) | 2013-02-27 |
JP2013533382A (ja) | 2013-08-22 |
KR20130121078A (ko) | 2013-11-05 |
SI2585622T1 (en) | 2018-06-29 |
BR112012033065B1 (pt) | 2022-04-05 |
CN102947478B (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
PL2585622T3 (pl) | 2018-07-31 |
HUE038729T2 (hu) | 2018-11-28 |
MX361608B (es) | 2018-12-07 |
EP2585622B1 (de) | 2018-01-17 |
KR101854936B1 (ko) | 2018-06-14 |
MX2012015089A (es) | 2013-05-28 |
BR112012033065A2 (pt) | 2020-08-11 |
ES2666234T3 (es) | 2018-05-03 |
MY170012A (en) | 2019-06-20 |
US10253407B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 |
TW201219582A (en) | 2012-05-16 |
JP6095568B2 (ja) | 2017-03-15 |
WO2011160766A1 (de) | 2011-12-29 |
US20130126347A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
CA2803087A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
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