TWI520931B - 自烴流移除及回收有機胺類的方法 - Google Patents
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 75
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 75
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003606 oligomerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C07C209/86—Separation
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G17/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
- C10G17/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge with acids or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G57/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
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- C10G17/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
- C10G17/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge with acids or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
- C10G17/04—Liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases
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- C10G17/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
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Description
本案為2013年9月25日提出之國際申請案PCT/EP2013/069932的連續案,其主張2012年11月28日提出之歐洲申請案12 194 658.6之優先權,二者藉由引用整體併入本文中。
本申請案係關於一種自烴流移除且回收有機胺的方法。
在化學工業中,經常進行各種獲得包含烴及胺之出口流產物或送至處理單元的進料流的製程。實例是來自用於藉由乙烯之寡聚製備線性α-烯烴類(LAO)之反應器的出口流。然後,所製造之線性α-烯烴類被分成不同的餾份以供使用或銷售。經常,胺係在在寡聚製程中被添加或被添加於反應器出口之配管系統中。此種製程是例如揭
示於US-A-5,811,619或WO2009/095147中。在其他方法中,使用胺類作為腐蝕抑制劑或用於調節pH值。
在很多情況中,難以藉由蒸餾,自該烴流移除該有機胺,因為該胺及該烴流(或其餾份)之沸點極接近。例如,正十二烷基胺(DDA)常被添加至寡聚製程中,而在產物分餾後,被轉帶至該C14-LAO產物餾份。因為DDA之沸點與該C14-LAO產物沸點接近,彼不容易藉由蒸餾移除。
EP 2 258 674 A1揭示一種自烴流移除有機胺之方法,其包含以下步驟:使含該胺之烴流的胺與酸反應,隨意地將所形成之胺鹽萃取入水相中,且隨意地回收且再循環該胺。使用此方法,有機相及水相之相分離是耗時的,這對工業製程是有害的。
因此,本發明之目的是要提供一種自烴流移除且回收有機胺的方法,其克服該先前技藝之缺點,特別是要提供一種在有機相及水相之快速相分離情況下能容易且快速處理之方法。
在該方法中,自含有機胺之烴流移除且回收該胺係包含:以大於1:1至5:1之烴流:水性無機酸之體積比率,混合該含胺之烴流與水性無機酸;相分離烴及水相;
移除該烴相且隨意地另外將彼純化;隨意地將至少一部份之在步驟(iii)中所得之烴相循環於混合步驟(i)中;混合在步驟(iii)中所得之水相與鹼性水溶液;相分離所形成之水相及有機相;移除在步驟(vi)中所得之有機相且隨意地另外純化該有機相。
2‧‧‧混合單元
3‧‧‧傾析器單元
4‧‧‧純化單元
5‧‧‧管線
該圖是自含有機胺之烴流移除且回收該胺之例示方法的概略說明。
此目的係藉由一種自含有機胺之烴流移除及回收該胺的方法達成,該方法包含以下步驟:i)以大於1:1至5:1、較佳為1.5:1至4:1、更佳為3:1之烴流:水性無機酸之體積比率,混合該含胺之烴流與水性無機酸;ii)相分離烴及水相;iii)移除該烴相且隨意地另外將彼純化,iv)隨意地將至少一部份之在步驟(iii)中所得之烴相再循環於混合步驟(i)中,v)混合在步驟(iii)中所得之水相與鹼性水溶液,vi)相分離所形成之水相及有機相,vii)移除在步驟(vi)中所得之有機相且隨意地另外將彼純化。
該含胺之烴流較佳是來自用於藉由乙烯之寡
聚以製備線性α-烯烴類(LAO)之反應器的出口流或此出口流之餾份。
較佳地,該餾份是在C10至C18範圍內之產物餾份。
該水性無機酸最佳是水性HCl(其濃度是10重量%,較佳是5重量%)或水性硫酸。
在另一具體例中,在步驟(iii)中之烴相的移除是藉由傾析。
在步驟(iii)中之純化也有利地是藉由以水清洗該烴相且使所得烴相通過吸收劑,該吸收劑較佳選自無機化合物,諸如矽膠、氧化鋁及分子篩。
另外,在步驟(vii)中之有機相的純化經建議是藉由以水清洗、移除該水相及/或由該有機相蒸餾出任何殘留之水。
在一較佳具體例中,在步驟(vii)中所得之有機相在步驟(i)之前,再循環回該含胺之烴流。在一較佳具體例中,該胺再循環於寡聚反應器或該反應器出口流中,以清除其中所形成之氯化物,而促進所得之寡聚產物的後處理。
在步驟(vi)中所得之水相較佳傳送至用於乙烯寡聚之工廠的觸媒移除及鈍化區段。在較佳具體例中,在步驟(vi)中之有機相對水相的體積比率較佳與給與步驟(i)者相同,亦即,有機相:水相大於1:1至5:1,較佳地1.5:1至4:1,更佳地3:1。
最終,在步驟(v)中之pH是鹼性的。
令人驚訝地,據發現:本發明之自烴流移除及回收有機胺的方法最終提供一種烴產物,其可在對其胺含量無任何限制之情況下被上市。另外,本發明之方法能自該烴流容易且確實完全移除該胺。另外,且最令人驚訝地,據發現:藉由在混合含該胺之烴流與水性無機酸時,調節該體積比率,相分離可明顯地被加速,而在所牽涉之處理時間及成本相關方面獲得益處。對於在步驟(i)中之烴對水相之最佳體積比率3:1而言,發現極短之用於達成清楚的相分離的時間。例如,用於3:1之體積比率所需之時間約比用於1:1之體積比率所需之相分離時間低4倍。若至少一部份之在步驟(iii)中所得之烴相再循環於混合步驟(i)中,則此另外改良該無機胺之完全溶解及其以胺鹽形式進入該水相。
另外,在個別化學反應製程中所利用之胺的成本可被明顯地降低,因為該胺可較佳地被回收且再循環。
這對於如以上所揭示之製備線性α-烯烴的方法尤其真實,其中將有機胺添加於該寡聚反應及/或該反應器出口配管系統中。據計算:對於一般用於乙烯之寡聚的商業工廠而言,每年成本節省可達數百萬歐元。
在最佳具體例中,依照本發明之自含有機胺之烴流移除且回收該胺之方法具體表現於一種藉由乙烯之寡聚(較佳在溶劑及觸媒存在下)製備線性α-烯烴的方法,
其包含:a.將乙烯饋入寡聚反應器中;b.在該反應器中使該乙烯寡聚;c.經由反應器出口配管系統,自該反應器移除包含線性α-烯烴之反應器出口流;d.隨意地,將該反應器出口流傳送至觸媒鈍化及移除步驟;及e.隨意地鈍化及自該反應器出口流移除該觸媒,其中將至少一種有機胺添加於該寡聚反應器及/或該反應器出口配管系統中。然後,該反應器出口流或其餾份被取出以作為本發明中之烴流。
本方法之另外的特徵及優點現在將由其具體例之詳述連同圖式來顯示,其中該圖式顯示本方法之概圖的一部份。該圖式部份地說明具有步驟i)-iv)之本方法的概圖。
依照該圖示,含胺之烴流(HC)及水性無機酸(例如水性HCl)在步驟1中被提供且傳送至混合單元2,其中達成該烴流與該水性無機酸之密切混合。在該混合期間,在該含胺之烴流中的胺,係依照以下等式,與該酸反應:胺+HCl → 胺鹽
該胺鹽可溶於該水相,且結果可因此自該烴流萃取至
該水相中。
在該混合單元2中混合後,開始相分離。這在混合已結束時,可在該混合單元本身中進行,或烴流及水相之混合物可被傳送至傾析器單元3。該水相可自該傾析器單元3分離出且可依照步驟v)-vii)被另外處理。該烴相也可自該傾析器單元3移除且可被傳送至另外的純化單元4,其中該烴流可以水清洗(伴同另外之相分離步驟),且所清洗之烴流可通過吸收劑,以移除其中所殘留之任何水。最後,可提供具有低於1ppm之胺/胺鹽及低於1ppm之酸的產物烴流。
然後,至少一部份之該純化的烴流可較佳地經由管線5,再循環於該混合單元2中,以調節在該混合單元2中之烴流:水性無機酸之合適體積比率。
在步驟iii)中所得之水相可另外被處理,以回收且再循環該有機胺。為供此目的,該水相可與鹼性水溶液混合,例如藉由實施以下化學等式:胺鹽+NaOH → 胺+H2O+NaCl
在此反應步驟中,該鹼(NaOH)也可被任何其他的鹼性介質(例如Ca(OH)2)所取代。
因為該有機胺僅可限量地溶於水中,該有機胺將形成分離的有機相,其然後可藉由相分離,自該水相移除。然後含該有機胺之有機相可另外被純化且可以例如
以水清洗,隨後進行移除水步驟,例如藉由蒸餾。
然後,該經純化之有機胺可被再利用,例如用於LAO反應器出口管線或任何寡聚反應器之給劑。
在本發明之反應步驟中,可以利用混合元件(例如靜態或動力混合器)以使反應效率最佳化。另外,在以酸及鹼處理及自該烴相分離胺之後,所得之胺可以水清洗數次以使所截留之酸/鹼之量最少化。
可以用單流模式進行不同步驟(與酸、鹼之反應或以水清洗),或可藉由循環的設置加強該反應/清洗效率。
為舉例說明依照本發明之移除且回收任何有機胺的方法,提供含溶劑及C10-C18-烯烴類的烴流。如在以下表1中所給予之體積比率,將此烴流與水性無機酸(濃度10重量%之HCl)混合。該烴流與該水性無機酸混合5秒且測量用於完成分離之時間。如以下表1可取得的,對於大於1:1之烴流:水性無機酸之體積比率而言,達成最佳之分離。
在先前說明、申請專利範圍及所附之圖式中
所揭示之特徵可分別及以任何彼等組合,作為用於於以本發明之多種形式實施本發明之材料。
2‧‧‧混合單元
3‧‧‧傾析器單元
4‧‧‧純化單元
5‧‧‧管線
Claims (19)
- 一種自含有機胺之烴流移除及回收該胺的方法,其包含以下步驟:i)以>1:1至5:1之烴流:水性無機酸之體積比率,混合該含胺之烴流與水性無機酸;ii)相分離烴及水相;iii)移除該烴相且隨意地另外將彼純化;iv)隨意地將至少一部份之在步驟(iii)中所得之烴相循環於混合步驟(i)中;v)混合在步驟(iii)中所得之水相與鹼性水溶液;vi)相分離所形成之水相及有機相;vii)移除在步驟(vi)中所得之有機相且隨意地另外將彼純化。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該含胺之烴流是由用於藉由乙烯之寡聚以製備線性α-烯烴(LAO)的反應器之出口流或此出口流之餾份。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該餾份是在C10至C18範圍內之產物餾份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該水性無機酸是水性HCl,或水性硫酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中在步驟(iii)中該烴相之移除是藉由傾析。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中在步驟(iii)中之另外的純化是藉由以水清洗該烴相且使所得之烴相通過 吸收劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中在步驟(vii)中該有機相之純化是藉由以水清洗、移除該水相及/或由該有機相蒸餾出任何殘餘之水。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中在步驟(vii)中所得之有機相在步驟(i)之前循環於該含胺之烴流中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中在步驟(vi)中所得之水相經傳送至用於乙烯之寡聚的工廠的觸媒移除及鈍化區段。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中在步驟(v)中之pH是鹼性的。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中烴流:水性無機酸之體積比率是1.5:1至4:1。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中烴流:水性無機酸之體積比率是3:1至5:1。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之方法,其中在步驟(ii)中之相分離時間比1:1之體積比率所需之時間少約4倍。
- 一種自含有機胺之烴流移除且回收該胺之方法,其包含以下步驟:i)以大於1:1至5:1之烴流:水性無機酸之體積比率,混合該含胺之烴流與水性無機酸;ii)相分離烴及水相;iii)移除該烴相且隨意地另外將彼純化;iv)隨意地將至少一部份之在步驟(iii)中所得之烴相 循環於混合步驟(i)中;v)混合在步驟(iii)中所得之水相與鹼性水溶液;vi)相分離所形成之水相及有機相,其中有機相對水相之體積比率大於1:1至5:1;vii)移除在步驟(vi)中所得之有機相且隨意地另外將彼純化。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之方法,其中在步驟(vi)中該有機相:水相之體積比率是1.5:1至4:1。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中在步驟(vi)中該有機相:水相之體積比率是3:1至5:1。
- 一種自含有機胺之烴流移除且回收該胺之方法,其包含以下步驟:i)以大於1:1至5:1之烴流:水性無機酸之體積比率,混合該含胺之烴流與水性無機酸;ii)相分離烴及水相;iii)移除該烴相且隨意地另外將彼純化;iv)將至少一部份之在步驟(iii)中所得之烴相循環於混合步驟(i)中;v)混合在步驟(iii)中所得之水相與鹼性水溶液;vi)相分離所形成之水相及有機相;vii)移除在步驟(vi)中所得之有機相且隨意地另外將彼純化。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之方法,其中在步驟(i)中該有機相:水相之體積比率是1.5:1至5:1。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之方法,其中在步驟(i)中該有機相:水相之體積比率是3:1至5:1。
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US20180022670A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2018-01-25 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method for emulsion removal in amine removal unit |
US10760008B2 (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2020-09-01 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Compositions and methods of removing contaminants in refinery desalting |
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CA2892959A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
US20140148618A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
RU2015124112A (ru) | 2017-01-10 |
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CN104955791A (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
BR112015012002A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
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SG11201504071SA (en) | 2015-06-29 |
EP2738152B1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
RU2612967C2 (ru) | 2017-03-14 |
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KR102109058B1 (ko) | 2020-05-12 |
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